■ "••

.... .' ..

T i m e and
timetables
Ge ttin g sta rte d
1 Here are seven un its of time.

I se co nd s II minutes )I hours ll doys II weeks I months jl yeors I

Co py an d co mp let e each se
ntence using one of the words
.
a W e measure ou r ag e in _ _
.
b I sleep ab ou t 8 _ _ each da
y.
c A sp ort s ma tch las ts for 90
__ .
2 W hic h of the se tim es are eq
uiv ale nt to the one shown
on the clock?

115 minutes past 3

- : a
lI qu ar te r pa st 10 1 8
113 minutes to 31 quarter past 9 · •
1

3 Here is pa rt of a bus tim eta

ble .
3.0 0 4.0 0
3.0 5 4.05
3.20 4.2 0
3.3 5 4.35
A bu s leaves Hi gh Str ee t at
3.00.
W ha t tim e is the bu s at Ch
urch Lane? J
Co py on d co mp let e the sente
woc:;:i
s
4 nces us ing one of these

~
r=::l ~o ur s ) ~ays ) [w ee ks } ~
b .
a Ap ril is 3 - be for e July. 5 00 is 5 _ aft er midnight.
.
_ .........._
,o ;
1
.
11 12 1
2
43
11 12 1
10· I
9 ./
87 6 54
2
3
'
10
8
11 12 1
9 ,_ , 23
I '

4 8
11 12 1
10" I 2
9 .__,, 3

7 R5
4
e7 6 s 1 65
 I
J
,
' 2 Time and timet ables

Wha t do you use to tell the time?

Do you use on analo gue clock or /
watc h, a digita l clock or watc h
, or some thing else?
J
The ancie nt Egyp tians meas ured
time using shad ows. You con
make a simpl e shad ow clock in the
playg round. Make sure you choo se
a sunn y day!

. ...

.- ~ -:·
. . ., .::,,
'
,I •

.. ;..., ' ·.•

..- .- - .
• .-'..-• I •

out abou t some.

Do you know of any othe r timek eepin g devices? Try to find

when
There are lots of diffe rent ways to read and record the time
.
some thing happ ens. In Stag e 3, you used only 12-h our times
In this unit, you will learn abou t the 24-h our clock.
In Stag e 3 you used :
• twen ty-fiv e to nine o

• twen ty-fiv e minu tes to nine

• 8:35 .
Stag e 4 intro duce s you to:
• 8.35 a.m. or 08:3 5 • 8.35 p.m. or 20:3 5.
that use
You will also learn more abou t time table s inclu ding those
eys and
the 24-h our clock. You will use time tables to plan journ
work out how long a journ ey lasts.

28 )
 11, ¼it,efiel1 ir t , , !;+> > tb t s c-!-'

2.1 Time

> 2.1 Time

We are going to .

time on digital and analogue clocks

d 12-hour and 24-hour clock notation with digital
ks.

Where have you seen clocks like these? a.m.

analog ue clock
digital clock
0 23 00 13
22 14 hour
21 15
20 16
minute
19 18 7
p.m.
second

An analog ue clock has two A digital clock show s

scales - one from midnig ht a t ime of 13:26 w hich
to midday and the other from is 1.26 p.m.
midday t o midnig ht.

Worked example 1

The clock shows a time in the evening .

a Show the same time on a 24-hou r digital clock.
b Write differe nt ways the time could be recorde d.

Answer: When recording time using the 24- hour

a The clock shows 6:50 in the evening. clock you will always use four digits.

ln_24-h our digital time this is 18:50. To change an evening t ime to 24-hou r time
you have to add 12 to the hours.
b 6.50 p.m.
6 + 12 = 18
Ten to seven in the evening .
You use 'p.m.' to show that the time is in
Ten minute s to seven in the evening. the evening.

29 )
1-- ----- --~ 2 iime and timetables )
·- - - - - - : - - - - : - - -
Exercise 2.1
1 Copy and complete the following:
a There are - days in September.
b There a r e _ minutes in 1 hour.
c There a r e _ months in a year.
d There are - seconds in 1 minute.
2 Write the missing numbers.

a 3 minutes = - seconds

b 5 hours 30 minutes = D minutes

C 7 weeks = D days

d D months = 3 years
e D hours = 2 days 6 hours

I
I
f D minutes = .7 .!.
2 hours

g 300 seconds = minutes

~~mp~IDE
~ rimffl)m; cefJ ~~
~...~~- dtnm ~im ~
3 Ali went swimming at 5.15 p.m.
Which clock shows the time Ali went swimming?

A B C D

30 )
 2.1 Time

4 Copy and complete the table to show the time using a.m.
and p.m.
One hos been done for you.

4.10 p.m.

5 Petro looks at the clock in the classroom . She says, 'It is

almo st lunchtime.'

Write the time using a.m. or p.m.

6 Chen goes swim ming at ten past five in the afternoon.
Whic h digita l clock shows when Chen goes swim ming ?

n 1_. 1,-1
I_I _I· 11_1

7 A wall clock show s this time.

Which two digital clocks could sho~ tbe same time as the wall clock?
,-,.nr1
1[·1_11_1 l ll I: l_l l l

31 )
l,__ __ __ __ __ __
. ,.-....~__ __ __
2_n_,m_e_a_n_d_ti_m_e_ta_b_le_s_ _ _ _ __
>
~8 Ava conv erts 9 p.m. to a 24-h our clock time.
Her answ er is 19:00.
Ava's answ er is wron g.
Correct Ava's answ er. Explain wha t she did wron g.

Thin k like a math emat ician

Digit al clocks
-.
Milly dropped her digita l clock. Whe n she picked it
1-1 I · I 1-1 I
up she could not tell which way up it was. i
'
1_1 I · I I_I
~=....:: .--c:--- e:=-
a Write in words the two differ ent ways of
sayin g what the time is.
b Write three othe r times that look the same
on a digita l clock whic heve r way
up it is.
Use these digita l numb ers to help you. I -, -, I I 1- ,- -1 1:1 1:1 17
I 1: :1 -, :1 1:1 I I_I _I IJ
You will show you are spec ialisi ng when
. •
you find times that look the same on a digita l clock whic
heve r way it is up.

Look wha t I can do!

:Iii
I can use a.m. .,
and analogu
 )► -

2.2 Timetables and time intervals

> 2.2 Timetables and time intervals

We are going to .

It is important to know how to tell the time and be able to read a calendar and a
timetable. It can help you to catch a train, bus, plane or boat on time. For example,
it is no good arriving at the station just as the train is leaving.
Understanding time and timetables helps you to know if you will get to an important
event on time.

Worked example 2
calendar
Here is a coach timetable. leap year
Which coach completes the journey to Corbury in t he shorter time? time interval

09:09 10:10 timetable

09:24 10:26
09:45 10:48

Use a time line.

You can w ork out the time taken bet ween
each stop and add them up. 15 mins 21 mins
Or you can w ork out the time taken
between the start and the end. ~◄--i~r-----1------~-_..
►
Compare the times to d ecide w hich 09:09 09:24 09:45
coach takes t he shorter time. 15 mins + 21 mins = 36 mins

38 mins
The 09:09 coach takes 36 minutes.
The 10:10 coach takes 38 minutes.
◄ ►
Answer: The 09:09 coach takes the shorter time. lO:lO
10:48

33 >
 2 nme and timetables )
=--------
Exercise 2.2
1 Heidi wen t to her friend's house.
She arrived at 2.00 p.m. anci left at 2.45 p.m.
How long was Heidi at her friend's house7

2 The swimming pool opens at 8.00 a.m.

It closes at 6.00 p.m.
How long is the pool oper:i?

3 The time is 9.25 a.m.

~ 0.'
Hoibo says, 'The time is closer to 09:00 than to 10:0
Explain why Haibo is correct.

4 These are the opening time s of a mus eum .

Closed
10.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.
9.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.
11.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.

ay?
a How man y hour s is the mus eum open on Wed nesd
ay.
b Zina arriv ed at the mus eum at 3.15 p.m. on Sund
How long coul d she stay befo re clos ing time?
in.
5 Here is part of a bus time table from Don dale to Bodm

12:1 2 12:31 12:48 13:02

12:21 12:38 12:55 13:11
12:38 12:52 13:11 13:28
Treham 12:44 13:00 13:17 13:36
Bodmin 13:01 13:17 13:34 13:53

a How man y minu tes does it take the 13:02 bus from
Don dale to reach Bodm in?

b Mag da is at Brid geto wn at 1 p.m.

Wha t is the earliest time she can reach Treham?
Che ck your answ ers with your part ner.

~ 34 > I
 2 .2 Timetables and time interva ls

6 The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco was opened on 27 May 1937.
Jyoti visits the bridge on 27 May 2020.
How many years has the bridge been open?
7 Here is a timetable for Class 4 on Tuesday.
09:00 09:15 09:35 10:35 10:50 11:50 12:35 13:30 14:30 14:45 15:30
Arrival Assembjy Spanish Break Maths History Lunch Break Art

a How long does Assembly last?

b How long does morning break last?
·; c Hassan's favourite lessons are Maths and Science.
How long is spent, in total, in these two lessons ?

:I.
i;
I -
O~estions 4, 5 and 7 use different types oJ timetable.
Which one did you fmd easiest to use? Why?
;
...

I
35 )

.l:
 -
.-- -- - -- - -
2- TI
_1_m_e_o_n_d_t_in-,e- t_a_b_le_s _ _ _ _ _ _)

1-------------J

Think like a mathematician

a Leila goes swimming each day from Monday 2 December to

Friday 6 December.
How many days does she go swimming?
b Ahmed joins a gym club from 1 April to 30 June.
How many months is this ?
c Ros works on a project from Wednesday 11 September to Tuesday 8 October.
How many weeks does she work on the project?

ook what I can do!

Look

•
•
Check your progress

1 Here Is a dlgltal clock.

I -, • ,-, -,
I I· I_I I

What time is the same as that shown on the clock?

2
( 7.07 o.m.
3
r 1 7.07 p.m. , / 5.07 a.m.
Write quarter to twelve in theimoming as a digital time.
f 5.07 p.m.

3 Here are five times.

--1 6.45 o.m. , Ten minutes to eight / 15:30 I ,_9.·•3•0iiiiaiiii

.m • ·•

I quarter post seven I

Which time is the 'odd one out'? How do you know?

36 )
 2.2 Timetables and t ime intervals

Continued

4 What are the mis

a 60 months=

c 84days=O
s Bruno leaves school at ten pa rrives h
How long does it take him to get home?
6 Use the calendar to answer these questions.
a What day is 13 November? VEMBER
s M T w T F s
b What is the date of the first Friday in the month?
2 3 4
c What is the date of the last Saturday of s 6 7 B 9 10 11
the month? 12 13 14 15 17 1B
22 24 25
d The gym club meets on the first and third 26
Wednesday.
What are the dates of the November meetings?
7 The timetable shows the television programmes
one morning. 07:55 W eather
a Gemma turns the television on at 7 .45 a.m. 08:00 New s
How long does she have to wait for the 08:15 Sport
Weather pro 08:25 W eather
b The travel p 08:30 New s

- ..
8

.---1
0ldcastle

...
Diddlington 07:21 08:05
---
..... IIP.ll!!!III •
Lenford

·-- ' . llll!IJ!II

o.Jr; ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---""\
Project 2: Rolling clock

<: > Project 2

Rolling clock
... . .. -

ks that are on the slope.

Here are some pictures of different cloc
know?
What times do they show? Ho w do you

B C D
A
y show 3 o'clock, 10 minutes past 10,
Here ore four more rotated clocks. The
20 minutes to 4 and hal f post 11.

3 4
1 2

Which is which?
Ho w do you know?

38 )

iiiiiiii
 ]4
)

Addition and
subtraction of
whole numbers
Getting started

You can use any method to answer these questions.

Remember to estimate the size of your answer before you calculate it.
Show all your working.
1 Calculate 42 + 36.
2 Find the difference between 95 and 9.
3 Find the total of 65 and 29.

4 Copy the sorting diagram and write each of these numbers in the
correct place.
7 13 12 25 8
,LeS,S than 10

~=:~wmr::;;~iil.J~~1:;~";~ n
► -,....
7,
"
t
~1-
.l___ ___ ___ ___ ____ . . . . .,
l

3 Addition and s ubtractio n of whole numbers

You add and subtract in your everyda y life.

Think about your birthday. Every year you add 1 to your age.
I This is addition.

Think about a football team. If a player commits a foul they may be

given a red cord and sent off the field, meaning there is 1 less player
on the field. This is subtract ion.

Can you think of occasions where you have added or subtrac ted today?
What were you doing?

Look at these 'L shapes'.

Each one is made from an odd number of dots.

The shapes show us that if we divide an odd number by 2 there is always

'a bit l'eft over'.

Think about what happens when you add and subtract odd and
even numbers. Do you end up with odd or even numbers?

In this unit you will also use a symbol to represent a missing number or operation
in number sentences.

Can you work out what the square and circle represent?

3 +fl =15 10 0 2 =20

~ 40 )
F ., ,, X ) ) 113+

3.1 Using a symbol to represent a missing numb er or opera tion

> 3.1 Using a symbol to represent

a missing number or operation

Many people, both young and old, enjoy solving numb er puzzles. symb ol
Very young children start with simple jigsaw s, and adults enjoy
harder puzzles.

' 144
145
1
l 3 'f, l 4
, ~

9 0 2 3 •
~ 4 5" 1 3 8 8
., 8 1.
I,.
II- 5
, 2
7
I . 8 5"
3 9
2 J 8 ' 4 1 "
I
1
& '-
'\ l , 8
♦ ~ 9 I' 1
7 Z.. ' II
3 ~ f ~ 1 7 4-

In this unit you will solve missing numb er puzzles.

You can use a symbol to show a missing number.
-
For example, 30 -Q == 27 or 30 -D== 27.
~~ --- --- -:- ~= :
3 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers

Worked example 1

Write the missing number.

650 + = 1000

You can read 650 + ■ = lOOO as

•r have 650. How many more do I need to make 1000?'
Method 1 Use a number line to count on from 650_
+50 +300 Remember, the larger the jump the mo
. h re

~
effic1ent t e method.
< )
650 700 1000
You can rewrite 650 + 0 = 1000
Method 2
1000 - 650 = 350
as a subtraction: 1000 - 650 =0
Addition and subtraction ore inverse
operations.

Method 3

You con work it out mentally using

650+8 =1000
known facts.

Answer. 350

Exercise 3.1
1 Write the missing numbers.
a 15 + 29 = □ b 35 - 19 = □ C 0 -14=8

d □ + 6 = 30 e 12 + □ = 25 f 30- ■ =16

2 Copy and complete the number sentence.

[ITJ +C0 =100

42 )

c.
 3.1 Using a symbol to represent a missing number or operation

3 Write the missing numbers.

a 1 + 10 + D= 100

b 57 + □ = 120

C 50- □ = 31 + 10
~4 In this diagram, the numbers on three circles in a straight line add up to 1000.
Copy and complete the diagram.

--

Check your answer with your partner.

1
~ 5 Find the missing operation signs.

a 28 f/) 72 = 100
b 55=70 8 15

43 )
 io n of whole nu m be rs
3 Addition an d su bt ra ct

is:
6 In this diagram the rule th e triangle
nu m be r in th e square and od d th e number in
'Double the
the circle'.
to make the number in
5

12

d th es e missing numbers.
Use the some rule to fin
a
25 25

7 O +~ + =1 0

W ha ! nu m be rs co ul d
O,/1 and represent?
nt answers.
er w ith yo ur pa rtn er . You m ay have differe
Discuss yo ur an sw
r possible answers?
Can yo u th in k of ot he

at ic ia n
Th in k lik e a m at he m

Use each of th e nu
e
m
to
be
ta l
rs
go
3,
in
4,
g
5,
ac
6 an d 7 to complete th e
ross m us t be th e same 0
o-(S-o
cr os s pa tte rn . Th
.
as th e to ta l go in g do wn
lutions
sh ow yo u are sp ec ia lising when you fin d so
You w ill
to th e problem.

0
Lo ok w ha t I ca n do !
mbol.
ber represented by a sy
•0 I can fin d a miss

I can fin d a miss

in
in
g
g
nu
op
m
eration sign represented by a symbol.

l 44 >