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CAMBRIDGE 19: Reading (Academic)

Test 1: Paraphrase

Reading Passage 1

Questions 1-7
প্রশ্নগুল ো TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে
যেগুল োর উত্তর TRUE, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।

Question 6. The weather can affect how professional players adjust the strings on
their rockets.
In paragraph 6,
They will continually change it depending on various factors including the court
surface, climatic conditions, and game styles.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Weather (আবহোওয়ো) climatic conditions (আবহোওয়ো জনিত
েনরনিনত)
adjust (ঠিকিোক করো) change (েনরবততি/ঠিকিোক করো)

Question 7. It was believed that the change Pete Sampras made to his rackets
contributed to his strong serve.
In paragraph 9,
For example, much of the serving power of US professional player Pete Sampras
was attributed to the addition of four to five lead weights onto his rackets,
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
strong serve (শক্তিশো ী েোর্ত) serving power (েোলর্তর শক্তি)
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Questions 8-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Question 8. ● Mike and Bob Bryan made changes to the types of 8……………
used on their racket frames.
In paragraph 3,
They explain how they have adjusted not only racket length, but even
experimented with different kinds of paint.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
made changes (েনরবততি/ঠিকিোক have adjusted (ঠিকিোক করো)
করো)
types (যরণ) kinds (যরণ)

Question 9. ● Players were not allowed to use the spaghetti-strung racket because
of the amount of 9…………… it created.
In paragraph 5,
It created a string bed that generated so much topspin that it was quickly banned by
the International Tennis Federation.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
not allowed (নিনিদ্ধ) banned (নিনিদ্ধ)
created (ততনর করো) generated (উৎেন্ন করো)

Question 10. ● Changes to rackets can be regarded as being as important as

players' diets or the 10…………… they do.
In paragraph 5,
However, within a decade or two, racket modification became a regularity. Today it
is, in many ways, an aspect of the game that is equal in significance to nutrition or
training.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

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 Changes (েনরবততি) modification (েনরবততি)
as important as (েমোি গুরুত্বেূণ)ত equal in significance (েমোি গুরুত্বেূণ)ত
players' diets (যেল োয়োড়লের nutrition (েুঠি – েো েোলেের েোলে
েোেেোর্োে) েম্পনকতত)

Question 11. ● All rackets used to have natural strings made from the
11…………… of animals.
In paragraph 7,
At one time, all tennis rackets were strung with natural gut made from the outer
layer of sheep or cow intestines.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
All rackets all tennis rackets
animals sheep or cow

Question 12. ● Pete Sampras had metal 12…………… put into the frames of his
rackets.
In paragraph 9,
For example, much of the serving power of US professional player Pete Sampras
was attributed to the addition of four to five lead weights onto his rackets,
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
metal (যোতব) lead (েীেো, যোতু )

Question 13. ● Gonçalo Oliveira changed the 13…………… on his racket

handles.
In paragraph 10,
The professional Portuguese player Gonçalo Oliveira replaced the original grips of
his rackets with something thinner because they had previously felt uncomfortable
to hold.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
changed (েনরবততি করো) replaced (েনরবততি/প্রনতিোেি করো)
handles (হোত ) grips (হোত )

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Reading Passage 2

Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

Question 14. a reference to a denial of involvement in piracy

In paragraph D,
In the letters, the king of Alashiya (modern Cyprus) rejected Akhenaten's claims of
a connection with the Lukka (based in modern-day Turkey).
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
denial (অস্বীকোর) rejected (অস্বীকোর/প্রতেোেোি করো)
involvement (েম্পৃি েোকো) connection (েম্পকত)

Question 15. details of how a campaign to eradicate piracy was carried out
In paragraph G,
In 67 BCE, a new law granted Pompey vast funds to combat the Mediterranean
menace. Taking personal command, Pompey divided the entire Mediterranean into
13 districts, assigning a fleet and commander to each.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

eradicate (নিমূ ত করো) combat (েুদ্ধ করো)

Question 16. a mention of the circumstances in which states in the ancient world
would make use of pirates
In paragraph C,

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One should also add that it was not unknown in the first and second millennia BCE
for governments to resort to pirates' services, especially during wartime, employing
their skills and numbers against their opponents.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
make use of pirates (জ েেুেলের resort to pirates' services (জ েেুেলের
কোলজ োগোলিো) শরণোেন্ন হওয়ো)

Question 17. a reference to how people today commonly view pirates

In paragraph A,
When one mentions pirates, an image springs to most people's minds of a crew of
misfits, daredevils and adventurers in command of a tall sailing ship in the
Caribbean Sea.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
commonly view (েোযোরণ েৃঠির্নি) most people's minds (যবনশরর্োগ
মোিুলির যোরণো)

Question 18. an explanation of how some people were encouraged not to return to
piracy
In paragraph G,
Although thousands of pirates died at the hands of Pompey's troops, as a long-term
solution to the problem, many more were offered land in fertile areas located far
from the sea. Instead of a maritime menace, Rome got productive farmers that
further boosted its economy.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
not to return to piracy (জ েেুেতোয় Instead of a maritime menace (েমুলে
নিলর িো েোওয়ো) অনিনতশী তোর েনরবলতত)

Question 19. a mention of the need for many sailing vessels to stay relatively close
to land
In paragraph B,

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Before the invention of ocean-going caravels in the 15th century, ships could not
easily cross long distances over open water. Thus, in the ancient world most were
restricted to a few well-known navigable routes that followed the coastline.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
sailing vessels (জ েোি) ships (জ েোি)
land (র্ূ নম) coastline (উেকূ )

Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Questions 20 & 21. Which TWO of the following statements does the writer
make about inhabitants of the Mediterranean region in the ancient world?
A They often used stolen vessels to carry out pirate attacks.
B They managed to escape capture by the authorities because they knew the
area so well.
C They paid for information about the routes merchant ships would take.
D They depended more on the sea for their livelihood than on farming.
E They stored many of the goods taken in pirate attacks in coves along the
coastline.
In paragraph B,
In the ancient times, the inhabitants of these areas relied heavily on marine
resources, including fish and salt. … Thus, it is not surprising that during
hardships, these men turned to piracy. Geography itself further benefited the
pirates, with the numerous coves along the coast providing places for them to hide
their boats and strike undetected.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
B managed to escape capture (বক্তি িো hide ( ুনকলয় েোকো)
হওয়ো)
D depended more on the sea (েমুলের relied heavily on marine resources
উের যবনশ নির্তর করো) (েোমুনেক েম্পলের উের বেোেকর্োলব
নির্তর করো)

Questions 22 & 23. Which TWO of the following statements does the writer
make about piracy and ancient Greece?
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A The state estimated that very few people were involved in piracy.
B Attitudes towards piracy changed shortly after the Iliad and the Odyssey
were written.
C Important officials were known to occasionally take part in piracy.
D Every citizen regarded pirate attacks on cities as unacceptable.
E A favourable view of piracy is evident in certain ancient Greek texts.
In paragraph E,
Interestingly, in his works the Iliad and the Odyssey, the ancient Greek writer
Homer not only condones, but praises the lifestyle and actions of pirates. … For
Greeks, piracy was a part of everyday life. Even high-ranking members of the state
were not beyond engaging in such activities.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
C Important officials (গুরুত্বেূণ ত high-ranking members of the state
কমকতত
ত ো) (রোলের উচ্চেেি কমকতত ত ো)

C take part (অংশগ্রহণ করো) engaging (অংশগ্রহণ করো)

E ancient Greek texts (প্রোচীি নগ্রক the Iliad and the Odyssey (ইন য়োড ও
য েো) ওনডনে, েুইঠট নবেেোত মহোকোবে)

Questions 24-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Questions 24 & 25. However, attacks on vessels transporting 24 to
Rome resulted in calls for 25 for the pirates responsible.
In paragraph F,
Pirate attacks on grain ships, which were essential to Roman citizens, led to angry
voices in the Senate, demanding punishment of the culprits.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
vessels (েোিবোহি) ships (জোহোজ)
the pirates responsible (েোয়ী culprits (েুষ্কৃনতকোরী)
জ েেুেরো)

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Question 26. Nevertheless, piracy continued, with some pirates demanding a 26
for the return of the Roman officials they captured.
In paragraph F,
By the 1st century BCE, emboldened pirates kidnapped prominent Roman
dignitaries, asking for a large ransom to be paid.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
demanding (েোনব করো) asking (চোওয়ো)
Roman officials (যরোমোি কমকতত
ত ো) Roman dignitaries (যরোমোি নবনশিজি)
captured (বক্তি করো) kidnapped (বক্তি করো)

Reading Passage 3

Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Question 27. What point does the writer make about misinformation in the first
paragraph?
A Misinformation is a relatively recent phenomenon.
B Some people find it easy to identify misinformation.
C Misinformation changes as it is passed from one person to another.
D There may be a number of reasons for the spread of misinformation.
In paragraph 1,
People likely have lied to one another for roughly as long as verbal communication
has existed. Deceiving others can offer an apparent opportunity to gain strategic
advantage, to motivate others to action, or even to protect interpersonal bonds.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
D the spread of misinformation (নমেেো Deceiving others (অিেলের যযোোঁকো যেয়ো
তেে েড়োলিো) – নমেেোর মোযেলম)

Question 28. What does the writer say about the role of technology?
A It may at some point provide us with a solution to misinformation.

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 B It could fundamentally alter the way in which people regard
information.
C It has changed the way in which organisations use misinformation.
D It has made it easier for people to check whether information is
accurate.
In paragraph 2,
Yet the means to correct misinformation might, over time, be found in those same
patterns of mass communication and of the facilitated spread of information.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
A a solution to misinformation (নমেেো means to correct misinformation (নমেেো
তলেের েমোযোি) তেে েঠিক করোর উেোয়)

Question 29. What is the writer doing in the fourth paragraph?

A comparing the different opinions people have of misinformation
B explaining how the effects of misinformation have changed over time
C outlining which issues connected with misinformation are significant
today
D describing the attitude of policy makers towards misinformation in the
media
In paragraph 4,
At least three observations related to misinformation in the contemporary mass-
media environment warrant the attention of researchers, policy makers, and really
everyone who watches television, listens to the radio, or reads information online.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
C connected (েুি) related (েুি)
C today (বততমোি) contemporary (েমেোমনয়ক)

Question 30. What point does the writer make about regulation in the USA?
A The guidelines issued by the FDA need to be simplified.
B Regulation does not affect people's opinions of new prescription drugs.
C The USA has more regulatory bodies than most other countries.
D Regulation fails to prevent misinformation from appearing in the media.
In paragraph 6,

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In support of this, one might consider the nature of regulatory structures in the
United States: regulatory agencies here tend to focus on post hoc detection of
broadcast information. … Such programs, although laudable and useful, do not
keep false advertising off the airwaves.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
D fails to prevent (প্রনতলরোয করলত do not keep (রোেলত/করলত িো েোরো)
বেে হওয়ো)
ত
D misinformation (নমেেো তেে) false advertising (নমেেো তেে)
D media (গণমোযেম) airwaves (যবতোর তরি/যরনডও)

Questions 31-36
Complete the summary using the list of phrases, A-J, below.

A constant conflict B additional evidence C different locations

D experimental subjects E short period F extreme distrust
G frequent exposure H mental operation I dubious reason
J different ideas

Question 31. Although people have 31 to misinformation, there is

debate about precisely how and when we label something as true or untrue.
In paragraph 4,
Although it is fairly routine for individuals to come across information that is false,
the question of exactly how - and when - we mentally label information as true or
false has garnered philosophical debate.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
G frequent exposure (প্রোয়শই েম্মুেীি fairly routine (প্রোয় অর্েোলে েনরণত
বো মুলেোমুনে হওয়ো) হওয়ো)

Question 32. The philosophers Descartes and Spinoza had 32 .

about how people engage with information.

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In paragraph 4,
The dilemma is neatly summarized by a contrast between how the 17th-century
philosophers René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza described human information
engagement, with conflicting predictions that only recently have been empirically
tested in robust ways.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
J different ideas (নর্ন্ন যোরণো/মতোমত) conflicting predictions (েরস্পর
নবলরোযী যোরণো/মতোমত)

Question 33. Moreover, Spinoza believed that a distinct 33……………. is

involved in these stages.
In paragraph 4,
Spinoza argued that people accept all encountered information (or misinformation)
by default and then subsequently verify or reject it through a separate cognitive
process.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
H mental operation (মোিনেক cognitive process (মোিনেক
ক্তিয়ো/প্রক্তিয়ো) ক্তিয়ো/প্রক্তিয়ো)

Question 34. Recent research has provided 34 for Spinoza's theory

In paragraph 4,
In recent decades, empirical evidence from the research teams of Erik Asp of the
University of Chicago and Daniel Gilbert at Harvard University, among others, has
supported Spinoza's account:
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
B additional evidence (অনতনরি empirical evidence (গলবিণোমূ ক
প্রমোণ) প্রমোণ)

Question 35. it would appear that people accept all encountered information as if
it were true, even if this is for an extremely 35
In paragraph 4,

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people appear to encode all new information as if it were true, even if only
momentarily,
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
E short period (স্বল্প েময়) only momentarily (কলয়ক মুহলূ ততর
জিে)

Question 36. This is consistent with the fact that the resources for skepticism and
the resources for perceiving and encoding are in 36 in the brain.
In paragraph 4,
a pattern that seems consistent with the observation that mental resources for
skepticism physically reside in a different part of the brain than the resources used
in perceiving and encoding.

অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে

C different locations (আ োেো িোি) different part (আ োেো অংশ)

Questions 37-40
প্রশ্নগুল ো YES, NO, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে যেগুল োর
উত্তর YES, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।

Question 37. Campaigns designed to correct misinformation will fail to achieve

their purpose if people are unable to understand them.

In paragraph 6,
For corrective campaigns to be persuasive, audiences need to be able to
comprehend them, which requires either effort to frame messages in ways that are
accessible or effort to educate and sensitize audiences to the possibility of
misinformation.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Campaigns designed to correct corrective campaigns
misinformation
understand (বুঝলত েোরো/আয়ত্ত করলত comprehend (বুঝলত েোরো/আয়ত্ত
েোরো) করলত েোরো)

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 Test 2: Paraphrase

Reading Passage 1

Questions 1-7
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Question 1. ● In Watt and Boulton's steam engine, the movement of the
1…………… was linked to a gear system.
In paragraph 2,
Watt later worked with the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton to invent a new
steam engine driven by both the forward and backward strokes of the piston, while
the gear mechanism it was connected to produced rotary motion.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
movement (িড়োচড়ো) forward and backward strokes
gear system gear mechanism

13
Question 2. ● A greater supply of 2…………… was required to power steam
engines.
In paragraph 3,
The demand for coal, which was a relatively cheap energy source, grew rapidly
during the Industrial Revolution, as it was needed to run not only the factories used
to produce manufactured goods, but also steam-powered transportation.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

required (প্রলয়োজিীয়) needed (প্রলয়োজিীয়)
steam engines steam-powered transportation

Question 3. ● Before the Industrial Revolution, spinners and weavers worked at

home and in 3……………
In paragraph 4,
Britain had produced textiles like wool, linen and cotton, for hundreds of years, but
prior to the Industrial Revolution, the British textile business was a true 'cottage
industry', with the work performed in small workshops or even homes by
individual spinners, weavers and dyers.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Before (আলগ) prior to (আলগ)
spinners and weavers spinners, weavers and dyers

Question 4. ● Not as much 4…………… was needed to produce cloth once the
spinning jenny and power loom were invented.
In paragraph 4,
With these machines, relatively little labour was required to produce cloth, and the
new, mechanised textile factories that opened around the country were quickly able
to meet customer demand for cloth both at home and abroad.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Not as much (তলতোটো িয়) relatively little (তু িোমূ ক কম)
spinning jenny and power loom these machines
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Question 5. ● Smelting of iron ore with coke resulted in material that was better
5……………
In paragraph 5,
Chief among the new techniques was the smelting of iron ore with coke (a material
made by heating coal) instead of the traditional charcoal. This method was cheaper
and produced metals that were of a higher quality,
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
better (র্োল ো, comparative degree) োঁ ু /র্োল ো, comparative degree)
higher (উচ

Question 6. ● Demand for iron increased with the growth of the 6……………
In paragraph 5,
Britain's iron and steel production to expand in response to demand created by the
Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) and the expansion of the railways from the 1830s.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
increased (বৃক্তদ্ধ) expand (নবস্তোর)
growth (বৃক্তদ্ধ) expansion (নবস্তোর)

Question 7. ● The new cities were dirty, crowded and lacked sufficient
7……………
In paragraph 7,
This rapid urbanisation brought significant challenges, as overcrowded cities
suffered from pollution and inadequate sanitation.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
lacked sufficient (অেেোপ্ততো)
ত inadequate (অেেোপ্ততো)
ত

Questions 8-13
প্রশ্নগুল ো TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে
যেগুল োর উত্তর TRUE, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব িো।

15
Question 11. The economic benefits of industrialisation were limited to certain
sectors of society.
In paragraph 8,
Although industrialisation increased the country's economic output overall and
improved the standard of living for the middle and upper classes, many poor
people continued to struggle.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

certain sectors of society (েমোলজর middle and upper classes (উচ্চ ও
নিনেত ি নকেু যেনণ) মযেনবত্ত)

Question 12. Some skilled weavers believed that the introduction of the new
textile machines would lead to job losses.
In paragraph 8,
Many had spent years learning their craft, and they feared that unskilled machine
operators were robbing them of their livelihood.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
lead to job losses (চোকনর হোরোলিো) robbing them of their livelihood
(তোলের জীনবকো হরণ)

Reading Passage 2

Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

Question 14. reference to two chemical compounds which impact on performance

In paragraph D,

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the production of adrenaline and cortisol — also known as 'stress hormones'. …
This increase of blood and decrease of pressure in the blood vessels has been
consistently related to superior sport performance in everything from cricket
batting, to golf putting and football penalty taking.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
two chemical compounds (েুইঠট adrenaline and cortisol (এই েুইঠট
রোেোয়নিক যেৌগ) হরলমোি মোিব-যেলহ ততনর হয়)
impact on performance superior sport performance (যে োয়
(েোরিরলমলের উের প্রর্োব) উচ্চমোলির েোরিরলমে)

Question 15. examples of strategies for minimising the effects of stress

In paragraph F,
Positive stress responses can be promoted through the language that they and
others — such as coaches or parents — use. Psychologists can also help athletes
change how they see their physiological responses — such as helping them see a
higher heart rate as excitement, rather than nerves. Developing psychological
skills, such as visualisation, can also help decrease physiological responses to
threat.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
strategies (েনরকল্পিো) Developing psychological skills
(েোইলকো ক্তজকো েক্ষতো ততনর/বৃক্তদ্ধ)
minimising (কনমলয় আিো) decrease (কমোলিো)

Question 16. how a sportsperson accounted for their own experience of stress
In paragraph A,
This is something that British tennis player Emma Raducanu wrote about on social
media following her withdrawal from the 2021 Wimbledon tournament. Though the
young player had been doing well in the tournament, she began having difficulty
regulating her breathing and heart rate during a match, which she later attributed to
'the accumulation of the excitement and the buzz'.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

a sportsperson British tennis player Emma Raducanu

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 experience (অনর্জ্ঞতো) in the tournament, she began having
difficulty regulating her breathing and
heart rate during a match (টুিোলমলের
ত
একঠট যে োয় তোর শ্বোে-প্রশ্বোে ও heart
rate জনিত অেুনবযোর কেো)

Question 17. study results indicating links between stress responses and
performance
In paragraph C,
This positive stress response is called a challenge state. But should the person feel
there are too many demands placed on them, the more likely they are to experience
a negative stress response — known as a threat state. Research shows that the
challenge states lead to good performance, while threat states lead to poorer
performance.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
study (গলবিণো) Research (গলবিণো)
indicating (নচনিত করো/প্রকোশ করো) shows (যেেোলিো/প্রকোশ করো)

Question 18. mention of people who can influence how athletes perceive their
stress responses
In paragraph F,
Positive stress responses can be promoted through the language that they and
others — such as coaches or parents — use. Psychologists can also help athletes
change how they see their physiological responses …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
mention of people who can influence such as coaches or parents
(প্রর্োনবত করলত েোলর এমি মোিুলির (উেোহরণস্বরূে যকোচ অেবো
উল ে) নেতোমোতো)
perceive (বুঝলত েোরো) see (যেেো/বুঝলত েোরো)
Questions 19-22
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

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Question 19. Performance stress involves many demands on the athlete, for
example, coping with the possible risk of ………………
In paragraph B,
These demands include the high level of physical and mental effort required to
succeed, and also the athlete's concerns about the difficulty of the event, their
chance of succeeding, and any potential dangers such as injury.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
possible risk (েম্ভোবে ঝু োঁ নক) potential dangers (েম্ভোবে ঝু োঁ নক/নবেে)

Question 20. Cortisol can cause tennis players to produce fewer good
………………
In paragraph D,
In tennis players, cortisol has been associated with more unsuccessful serves and
greater anxiety.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
can cause (ঘটোলিো) associated with (েুি/েম্পৃি েোকো)

Question 21. Psychologists can help athletes to view their physiological responses
as the effect of a positive feeling such as ………………
In paragraph F,
Psychologists can also help athletes change how they see their physiological
responses — such as helping them see a higher heart rate as excitement, rather than
nerves.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
view (যেেো) see (যেেো)

Question 22. ……………… is an example of a psychological technique which can

reduce an athlete's stress responses.
In paragraph F,
Developing psychological skills, such as visualisation, can also help decrease
physiological responses to threat.

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 প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a psychological technique (একঠট visualisation
েোইলকো ক্তজকো েদ্ধনত)
reduce (কমোলিো) decrease (কমোলিো)

Questions 23 and 24
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Questions 23 & 24. Which TWO facts about Emma Raducanu's withdrawal from
the Wimbledon tournament are mentioned in the text?
A the stage at which she dropped out of the tournament
B symptoms of her performance stress at the tournament
C measures which she had taken to manage her stress levels
D aspects of the Wimbledon tournament which increased her stress levels
E reactions to her social media posts about her experience at Wimbledon
In paragraph A,
Not only are the physical demands greater than most people could handle, athletes
also face intense psychological pressure during competition. This is something that
British tennis player Emma Raducanu wrote about on social media following her
withdrawal from the 2021 Wimbledon tournament. Though the young player had
been doing well in the tournament, she began having difficulty regulating her
breathing and heart rate during a match, which she later attributed to 'the
accumulation of the excitement and the buzz'.

অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে

B symptoms ( ক্ষণ) having difficulty regulating her
breathing and heart rate (শ্বোে-প্রশ্বোে ও
heart rate নিয়ন্ত্রলণ অেুনবযো হওয়ো)
D increased her stress levels (তোর face intense psychological pressure
stress levels এর বৃক্তদ্ধ) (প্রচন্ড মোিনেক চোে েহে করো)

Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, A-E.

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Questions 25 & 26. Which TWO facts about anxiety are mentioned in Paragraph
E of the text?
A the factors which determine how severe it may be
B how long it takes for its effects to become apparent
C which of its symptoms is most frequently encountered
D the types of athletes who are most likely to suffer from it
E the harm that can result if athletes experience it too often
In paragraph E,
Anxiety can increase heart rate and perspiration, cause heart palpitations, muscle
tremors and shortness of breath, as well as headaches, nausea, stomach pain,
weakness and a desire to escape in more extreme cases.
… and repeated episodes of anxiety coupled with negative responses can increase
risk of heart disease and depression.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
A how severe it may be (কতেোনি can increase heart rate and perspiration,
র্য়োবহ হলত েোলর) cause heart palpitations, muscle
tremors and shortness of breath, as well
as headaches, nausea, stomach pain,
weakness and a desire to escape in
more extreme cases (নবনর্ন্ন যরলণর
যরোলগর েম্ভবিো নেলয় র্য়োবহতো প্রকোশ
করলে)
E too often (েুব যবনশ) repeated (অিবরত)

Reading Passage 3

Questions 27-32
Complete the summary using the list of phrases, A-K, below.
Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

A appeal B determined C intrigued

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 D single E achievement F devoted
G involved H unique I innovative
J satisfaction K intent

Question 27. Maryam Mirzakhani is regarded as 27…………… in the field of

mathematics …
In paragraph 1,
She was the only woman to win the Fields Medal — the mathematical equivalent
of a Nobel prize.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
H unique (অিিে/অতু িীয়) the only woman to win the Fields
Medal (যজতো প্রেম িোরী – মোলি
এলক্ষলে অিিে)

Question 28. However, maths held little 28…………… for her as a child …
In paragraph 1,
She went to a highly selective girls' school but maths wasn't her interest — reading
was.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
A appeal (আকিণ)
ত interest (আগ্রহ)

Question 29. in fact her performance was below average until she was
29…………… by a difficult puzzle that one of her siblings showed her.
In paragraph 1,
As for maths, she did rather poorly at it for the first couple of years in her middle
school, but became interested when her elder brother told her about what he'd
learned. He shared a famous maths problem from a magazine that fascinated her —
and she was hooked.

অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে

C intrigued (মুগ্ধ করো) fascinated (মুগ্ধ করো/নবহ্ব হওয়ো)

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Question 30. Later, as a professional mathematician, she had an inquiring mind
and proved herself to be 30…………… when things did not go smoothly.
In paragraph 2,
In adult life it is clear that she was curious, excited by what she did and also
resolute in the face of setbacks.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
B determined (েৃঢ় প্রনতজ্ঞ) resolute (অট )

Question 31. She said she got the greatest 31…………… from making ground-
breaking discoveries …
In paragraph 2,
One of her comments sums it up. 'Of course, the most rewarding part is the "Aha"
moment, the excitement of discovery and enjoyment of understanding something
new . . .
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
J satisfaction (েন্তুঠি) the most rewarding (েবলচলয়
েন্তুঠিজিক)

Question 32. in fact she was responsible for some extremely 32……………
mathematical studies.
In paragraph 2,
But most of the time, doing mathematics for me is like being on a long hike with
no trail and no end in sight.' That trail took her to the heights of original research
into mathematics.

অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে

I innovative (উদ্ভোবিশী ) doing mathematics for me is like being
on a long hike with no trail and no end
in sight (গনণত আমোর কোলে নে
একঠট ম্বো hike এর মলতো, েোর

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 েোতোয়োলতর রোস্তো যিই ও যকোলিো যশি
যেেো েোয় িো – যে নিলজর মত কলর েে
যবলে নিলয়নে , মোলি উদ্ভোবিশী তো)

Questions 33-37
প্রশ্নগুল ো YES, NO, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে যেগুল োর
উত্তর YES, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব িো।
Question 33. Many people who ended up winning prestigious intellectual prizes
only reached an average standard when young.
In paragraph 3,
Most Nobel prize winners were unexceptional in childhood.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
prestigious intellectual prizes Nobel prize (তকতলর্লে েবলচলয়
(েম্মোিজিক বুক্তদ্ধগত েুরষ্কোরগুল ো) েম্মোিজিক েুরষ্কোর)
an average standard when young were unexceptional in childhood
(যেোটলব োয় গড়েরতো নে ) (নশশুকোল অেোযোরণ নে িো)

Question 35. It is difficult to reach agreement on whether some children are

actually born gifted.
In paragraph 4,
On top of that, research is clear that brains are flexible, new neural pathways can
be created, and IQ isn't fixed.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
reach agreement (মতোমত বো ি োিল research is clear (েনরষ্কোর/েি
যেৌৌঁেোলিো) গলবিণো)

Questions 38-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Question 38. What does Eyre believe is needed for children to equal 'gifted'
standards?

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A strict discipline from the teaching staff
B assistance from their peers in the classroom
C the development of a spirit of inquiry towards their studies
D the determination to surpass everyone else's achievements
In paragraph 6,
… the latest neuroscience and psychological research suggests most individuals
can reach levels of performance associated in school with the gifted and talented.
However, they must be taught the right attitudes and approaches to their learning
and develop the attributes of high performers …
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
C the development of a spirit of inquiry approaches to their learning (নশক্ষোর
towards their studies (নশক্ষো েম্পলকত প্রনত তোলের আচরণ)
ক্তজজ্ঞোেো বো জোিোর আগ্রহ ততনর)

Question 39. What is the result of Ericsson's research?

A Very gifted students do not need to work on improving memory skills.
B Being born with a special gift is not the key factor in becoming expert.
C Including time for physical exercise is crucial in raising performance.
D 10,000 hours of relevant and demanding work will create a genius.
In paragraph 7,
After research going back to 1980 into diverse achievements, from music to
memory to sport, he doesn't think unique and innate talents are at the heart of
performance.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
B Being born with a special gift is not he doesn't think unique and innate
the key factor in becoming expert talents are at the heart of performance
(নবলশি যকোলিো যেোগেতো নিলয় (নতনি মলি কলরি িো unique and innate
জন্মগ্রহণ করো expert হবোর জিে talents েোরিরলমলের েবলচলয়
গুরুত্বেূণ নবিয়
ত িয়) গুরুত্বেূণ নবিয়)
ত

Question 40. In the penultimate paragraph, it is stated the key to some deprived
children's success is
A a regular and nourishing diet at home.
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B the loving support of more than one parent.
C a community which has well-funded facilities for learning.
D the guidance of someone who recognises the benefits of learning.
In paragraph 9,
Some spin-off research, which looked in detail at 24 of the 3,000 children being
studied who were succeeding despite difficult circumstances, found something
remarkable. Half were getting free school meals because of poverty, more than half
were living with a single parent, and four in five were living in disadvantaged
areas. Interviews uncovered strong evidence of an adult or adults in the child's life
who valued and supported education, either in the immediate or extended family or
in the child's wider community.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
D the guidance of someone who an adult or adults in the child's life who
recognises the benefits of learning valued and supported education (একঠট
(নশক্ষোর গুরুত্ব বুঝলত েোলর এমি নশশুর জীবলি এক বো একোনযক
কোলরো guidance) প্রোপ্তবয়স্ক য োক, েোরো নশক্ষোর মূ ে
বুঝলত েোলর ও েমেিত কলর)

Test 3: Paraphrase

Reading Passage 1

Questions 1-7
প্রশ্নগুল ো TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে
যেগুল োর উত্তর TRUE, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।
Question 3. The size of Obi today is less than it was 18,000 years ago.
In paragraph 4,

26
Sea levels were about 120 metres lower, meaning Obi was a much larger island,
encompassing what is today the separate island of Bisa, as well as several other
small islands nearby.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
The size of Obi today is less than it was Obi was a much larger island (Obi
18,000 years ago (বততমোলি Obi দ্বীেঠট েূলব অলিক
ত বড় নে )
দ্বীেঠটর আকোর 18,000 বের আলগর
যেলক কলম যগলে)

Question 5. The researchers believe there is a connection between warmer, wetter

weather and a change in the material used to make axes.
In paragraph 5,
Roughly 11,700 years ago, as the most recent ice age ended, the climate became
significantly warmer and wetter, no doubt making Obi's jungle much thicker.
According to the researchers, it is no coincidence that around this time the first
axes crafted from stone rather than sea shells appear, likely in response to their
heavy-duty use for clearing and modification of the increasingly dense rainforest.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
there is a connection (একঠট it is no coincidence (এঠট যকোলিো
যেোগেূে/েম্পকত আলে) কোকতো ীয় ঘটিো িয়)

Questions 8-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Question 8. Excavations of rock shelters inside 8…………… near the village of
Kelo revealed:
In paragraph 3,
Just inland from the village of Kelo on Obi's northern coast, Shipton and his
colleagues found two caves containing prehistoric rock shelters that were suitable
for excavation.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

27
 Excavations of rock shelters (rock prehistoric rock shelters that were
shelters এ Excavations করো) suitable for excavation (prehistoric
rock shelters যেগুল ো excavation এর
জিে উেেুি)

Question 9. ● axes made out of 9……………, dating from around 11,700 years
ago
In paragraph 5,
Roughly 11,700 years ago, as the most recent ice age ended, the climate became
significantly warmer and wetter, no doubt making Obi's jungle much thicker.
According to the researchers, it is no coincidence that around this time the first
axes crafted from stone rather than sea shells appear,

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

made out of (যকোলিোনকেু যেলক crafted from (যকোলিোনকেু যেলক
ততনর/বোিোলিো) ততনর/বোিোলিো)
dating from around 11,700 years ago Roughly 11,700 years ago

Question 10. ● 10…………… of an animal: evidence of what ancient islanders

ate
In paragraph 6,
Judging by the bones which the researchers unearthed in the Kelo caves, people
living there mainly hunted the Rothschild's cuscus, a possum-like creature that still
lives on Obi today.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
animal (প্রোনণ) creature (প্রোনণ)
ate (েোওয়ো) hunted (নশকোর – েোবোলরর উলেলশে)

Question 11. - 11…………… which resembled ones found on other islands.

In paragraph 7,
It also revealed particular types of beads, similar to those previously found on
islands in southern Wallacea.

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 প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
resembled (েোেৃশেময়) similar (েোেৃশেময়)
other islands (অিেোিে দ্বীেগুল ো) islands in southern Wallacea (southern
Wallacea এর দ্বীেগুল ো)

Question 12. ● had 12…………… as well as items made out of metal

In paragraph 9,
until about 1,000 years ago, when they were re-occupied by people who owned
pottery as well as items made out of gold and silver.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
had (আলে/েোকো) owned (আলে/েোকো)
metal (যোতু ) gold and silver (যেোিো ও রূেো)

Question 13. ● probably took part in the production and sale of 13……………
In paragraph 9,
It seems likely, in view of Obi's location, that this final phase of occupation also
saw the Kelo shelters used by people involved in the historic trade in spices
between the Maluku islands and the rest of the world.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
took part (অংশগ্রহণ করো) involved in (েুি েোকো)
production and sale (উৎেোেি ও নবক্তি) trade (বোনণজে)

Reading Passage 2

Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

29
Question 14. reference to the need to ensure that inhabitants of wetland regions
continue to benefit from them
In paragraph G,
Silvius also acknowledges the importance of income generation. 'It's not that we
just want to restore the biodiversity of wetlands — which we do — but we
recognise there's a need to provide an income for local people.'

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

need (প্রলয়োজি) importance (প্রলয়োজিীয়তো)
inhabitants (বেবোেকোরী) local people (িোিীয় অনযবোেী)

Question 15. the proportion of wetlands which have already been lost
In paragraph A,
But according to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWFN), half of the world's
wetlands have disappeared since 1990 — converted or destroyed for commercial
development, drainage schemes and the extraction of minerals and peat.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
the proportion of wetlands (wetlands half of the world's wetlands (েুলরো
এর অংশ) নবলশ্বর wetlands এর অলযক) ত
lost (হোনরলয় েোওয়ো) disappeared (হোনরলয় েোওয়ো/গোলয়ব হলয়
েোওয়ো)

Question 16. reference to the idea that people are beginning to appreciate the
value of wetlands
In paragraph H,
'Awareness of the importance of wetlands is growing,' he says. 'It's true that
wetland degradation still continues at a rapid pace, but my impression is that things
are slowly changing.’
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
the value of wetlands (wetlands এর the importance of wetlands (wetlands
গুরুত্ব) এর গুরুত্ব)

30
Question 17. mention of the cultural significance of wetlands
In paragraph B,
Throughout history, humans have gathered around wetlands, and their fertile
ecosystems have played an important part in human development. Consequently,
they are of considerable religious, historical and archaeological value to many
communities around the world.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
cultural significance (েোংস্কৃনতক religious, historical and archaeological
তোৎেে)ত value (যমীয়, ঐনতহোনেক ও র্ূ তোক্তিক
গুরুত্ব – এেবগুল ো নমল ই cultural
significance হয়)

Questions 18-22
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Question 18. Peatlands which have been drained begin to release …………….
instead of storing it.
In paragraph D,
When peatlands are drained for cultivation, they become net carbon emitters
instead of active carbon stores, …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
release (নিিঃেরণ করো) emitters (যেগুল ো যেলক নিিঃেনরত হয়)

Question 19. Once peatland areas have been cleared, ……………. are more likely
to occur.
In paragraph D,
The clearance of peatlands for planting also increases the risk of forest fires, which
release huge amounts of C02.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

31
 more likely to occur (ঘটোর েম্ভোবিো increases the risk (ঝু োঁ নকর েম্ভোবিোলক
যবনশ েোকো) বোনড়লয় যেয়)
Question 20. Clearing peatland forests to make way for oil palm plantations
destroys the ……………. of the local environment.
In paragraph D,
'We're seeing huge peatland forests with extremely high biodiversity value being
lost for a few decades of oil palm revenues,’ says Silvius.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
oil palm plantations (oil palm এর oil palm revenues (oil palm এর
চোিোবোে) চোিোবোে যেলক অক্তজত ত অে)ত
destroys (ধ্বংে করো) being lost (িি হলয় েোওয়ো)

Question 21. Water is drained out of peatlands through the ……………. which are
created by logging companies.
In paragraph E,
The damage starts when logging companies arrive to clear the trees. They dig
ditches to enter the peat swamps by boat and then float the logs out the same way.
These are then used to drain water out of the peatlands …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
created (ততনর করো) dig (েিি করো)

Question 22. Draining peatlands leads to ……………. a serious problem which

can eventually result in coastal flooding and land loss.
In paragraph E,
Once the water has drained away, bacteria and fungi then break down the carbon in
the peat and turn it into C02 and methane. Meanwhile, the remainder of the solid
matter in the peat starts to move downwards, in a process known as subsidence.
Peat comprises 90 per cent water, so this is one of the most alarming consequences
of peatland clearances.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

32
 a serious problem (একঠট মোরোত্মক one of the most alarming consequences
েমেেো) (একঠট অিেতম আশঙ্কোজিক
েনরণনত)
Questions 23-26
Look at the following statements (Questions 23-26) and the list of experts below.
Match each statement with the correct expert, A–D.

List of Experts

A. Matthew McCartney
B. Pieter van Eijk
C. Marcel Silvius
D. Dave Tickner

Question 23. Communities living in wetland regions must be included in

discussions about the future of these areas.
In paragraph G,
'The idea is that people in a developing country will only protect wetlands if they
value and profit from them,' says McCartney. 'For sustainability, it's essential that
local people are involved in wetland planning and decision making and have clear
rights to use wetlands.'
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Communities (েম্প্রেোয়) local people (িোিীয় মোিুি)
discussions about the future (র্নবিেৎ planning and decision making
নিলয় আল োচিো) (েনর ল্পিো ও নেযোন্ত যিয়ো)

Question 24. Official policies towards wetlands vary from one nation to the next.
In paragraph H,
The fortunes of wetlands would be improved, Silvius suggests, if more
governments recognised their long-term value. 'Different governments have
different attitudes,' he says, and goes on to explain that some countries place a high
priority on restoring wetlands, while others still deny the issue.

33
 প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
Official policies (অনিনেয়ো নিয়ম- attitudes (েৃঠির্নি)
িীনত)
nation (যেশ/জোনত) governments (যকোলিো যেলশর েরকোর)

Question 25. People cause harm to wetlands without having any intention to do so.
In paragraph F,
Tickner does not blame anyone for deliberate damage, however. 'I've worked on
wetland issues for 20 years and have never met anybody who wanted to damage a
wetland,' he says.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
intention (ইচ্ছো/েনরকল্পিো) deliberate (ইচ্ছোকৃত/েনরকনল্পত)

Question 26. Initiatives to reverse environmental damage need not be complex.

In paragraph C,
Wetland coastal forests provide food and water, as well as shelter from storms, and
WI and other agencies are working to restore those forests which have been lost. 'It
can be as simple as planting a few trees per hectare to create shade and
substantially change a microclimate,' he says
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
need not be complex (জঠট হবোর can be as simple (েহজ হলত েোলর)
প্রলয়োজি যিই)

Reading Passage 3

Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

34
Question 27. What does the reader learn about the conversation in the first
paragraph?
A The speakers are communicating in different languages.
B Neither of the speakers is familiar with their environment.
C The topic of the conversation is difficult for both speakers.
D Aspects of the conversation are challenging for both speakers.
In paragraph 1,
I'm struggling to follow him in English, on a scratchy line that reminds me we are
nearly 10,000 kilometres apart — and that distance is still an obstacle to
communication even if you're speaking the same language, as we are.
অেশি D যত আলে Passage এ আলে
conversation (আ োেচোনরতো) communication (যেোগোলেোগ/
আ োেচোনরতো)

Question 28. What assists the electronic translator during lectures at Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology?
A the repeated content of lectures
B the students' reading skills
C the languages used
D the lecturers' technical ability
In paragraph 2,
At Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where he is a professor of computer science,
Waibel and his colleagues already give lectures in German that their students can
follow in English via an electronic translator.
অেশি A যত আলে Passage এ আলে
repeated (েুিরোয়) already give (ইনতমলযে যেয়ো েোকো)

Question 29. When referring to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the writer
suggests that
A the Babel fish was considered undesirable at the time.
B this book was not seriously intending to predict the future.
C artificial speech translation was not a surprising development.
D some speech translation techniques are better than others.

35
In paragraph 3,
The idea of artificial speech translation has been around for a long time. Douglas
Adams' science fiction novel, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, published in
1979, featured a life form called the 'Babel fish' which, when placed in the ear,
enabled a listener to understand any language in the universe.
অেশি C যত আলে Passage এ আলে
not a surprising development has been around for a long time
(অপ্রতেোনশত যকোলিো ঘটিো িয়) (অলিকনেি যলর যকোলিো যোরণোর
প্রচ ি েোকো)

Question 30. What does the writer say about sharing earpieces?
A It is something people will get used to doing.
B The reluctance to do this is understandable.
C The equipment will be unnecessary in the future.
D It is something few people need to worry about.
In paragraph 5,
For a conversation, both speakers need to have devices called Pilots (translator
earpieces) in their ears. 'We find that there's a barrier with sharing one of the
earphones with a stranger,' says Ochoa. That can't have been totally unexpected.
অেশি B যত আলে Passage এ আলে
reluctance (অনিচ্ছো) barrier (প্রনতবন্ধকতো)

Questions 31-34
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

A. but there are concerns about this.

B. as systems do not need to conform to standard practices.
C. but they are far from perfect.
D. despite the noise issues.

36
 E. because translation is immediate.
F. and have an awareness of good manners.

Question 31. Speech translation methods are developing fast in Japan

In paragraph 6,
Waibel highlights the significance of certain Asian nations, noting that voice
translation has really taken off in countries such as Japan with a range of systems.
There is still a long way to go, though.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
C. but they are far from perfect (নিেুত
োঁ There is still a long way to go, though
হওয়ো যেলক যেগুল ো েূরবতী) (আলরো অলিক কোজ বোনক আলে বো
করলত হলব)

Question 32. TV interviews that use translation voiceover methods are successful
In paragraph 6,
A translation system needs to be simultaneous, like the translator's voice speaking
over the foreign politician being interviewed on the TV, rather than in sections that
oblige speakers to pause after every few remarks and wait for the translation to be
delivered.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
E. because translation is immediate A translation system needs to be
(কোরণ অিুবোে েোলেেোলেই হয়) simultaneous (অিুবোে প্রক্তিয়োঠটলক
েমেোমনয়ক বো একইেোলে করলত হয়)

Question 33. Future translation systems should address people appropriately

In paragraph 7,
Systems not only need to cope with physical challenges such as noise, they will
also need to be socially aware by addressing people in the right way. Some cultural
traditions demand solemn respect for academic status, for example, and it is only
polite to respect this.

37
 অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
F. and have an awareness of good Some cultural traditions demand
manners (এবং েেোচরণ বো র্েতো solemn respect for academic status, for
েম্পলকত েলচতি েোকো) example, and it is only polite to respect
this (নকেু েংস্কৃনতলত academic status
এর জিে নবলশি েম্মোি প্রেশলির ত
নিয়ম আলে এবং এই েম্মোি যেেোলিো
র্েতো নহলেলব নবলবনচত)

Question 34. Users may be able to maintain their local customs

In paragraph 7,
Etiquette-sensitive artificial translators could relieve people of the need to know
these differing cultural norms.
অেশলি আলে Passage এ আলে
B. as systems do not need to conform artificial translators could relieve
to standard practices (নেলেমঠটর people of the need to know these
প্রচন ত নিয়ম যমলি চ োর প্রলয়োজি differing cultural norms (artificial
যিই) translators মোিুিলক নবনর্ন্ন েোমোক্তজক
নিয়ম-িীনত যেলক মুি করলত েোলর)

Questions 35-40
প্রশ্নগুল ো YES, NO, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে যেগুল োর
উত্তর YES, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।
Question 36. The overall value of automated translation to family life is yet to be
shown.
In paragraph 8,
If the technology matures into seamless, ubiquitous artificial speech translation, it
will actually add value to language skills. Whether it will help people conduct their
family lives or relationships is open to question …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
yet to be shown (যেেো বো জোিো এেলিো open to question (এেলিো প্রশ্ন আলে বো
বোনক আলে) জোিোর আলে)

38
Question 40. As far as language is concerned, there is a difference between
people's social and practical needs.
In paragraph 8,
Though the practical need for a common language will diminish, the social value
of sharing one will persist.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a difference between people's social Though the practical need for a
and practical needs (মোিুলির social and common language will diminish, the
practical প্রলয়োজলির মোলঝ েোেকে) ত social value of sharing one will persist
(েনেও একঠট common language এর
practical need িুনরলয় আেলব, তলব
এঠটর social value রলয় েোলব)

Test 4: Paraphrase

Reading Passage 1

Questions 1-6

39
প্রশ্নগুল ো TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে
যেগুল োর উত্তর TRUE, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।
Question 2. Caterpillars are eaten by a number of different predators.
In paragraph 1,
Butterfly eggs develop into caterpillars and these insects, which are the second
stage in a new butterfly's lifecycle, consume vast quantities of plant material, and
in turn act as prey for birds as well as bats and other small mammals.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
are eaten (যেলয় যি ো) prey (নশকোর/েোবোর)
predators (নশকোরী) birds as well as bats and other small
mammals (েোনে, বোোঁেড় ু ও small
mammals)

Question 6. The data used in the study was taken from the work of amateur
butterfly watchers.
In paragraph 4,
First, the researchers pulled together data from millions of records that had been
submitted by butterfly enthusiasts - people who spend their free time observing the
activities of different species.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
amateur butterfly watchers (প্রজোেনত butterfly enthusiasts (প্রজোেনত নিলয়
েেলবক্ষণ
ত করো শে েোলের) েোরো উৎেোহী)

Questions 7-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Butterflies in the UK
The Small Blue
Question 7. ● lives in large 7……………
In paragraph 6,

40
For these species, such as Britain's liniest butterfly, the dainty Small Blue, whose
colonies are up to a hundred strong, …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
large (বড়/বৃহেোকোর) a hundred strong (এেোলি বড় আকোর
যবোঝোলচ্ছ)

Question 8. ● first appears at the start of 8……………

In paragraph 6,
… some develop into butterflies early in spring, allowing their summer generations
to complete another reproductive cycle by autumn so that more population growth
occurs.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
appears (প্রতীয়মোি হওয়ো/উন্নীত হওয়ো) develop (নবকনশত হওয়ো/উন্নীত হওয়ো)

The High Brown Fritillary

Question 9. is considered to be more 9…………… than other species
In paragraph 7,
The beautiful High Brown Fritillary, often described as Britain's most endangered
butterfly, is in this group.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
considered (নবলবচিো করো) described (বেোেেো করো)
more (যবনশ, comparative degree) Most (যবনশ, superlative degree)

Question 10. ● its caterpillars occupy a limited range of 10……………

In paragraph 7,
It is found only in coppiced woodland and limestone pavement habitats.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a limited range (েীনমত েনরেলর) only in coppiced woodland and
limestone pavement

41
The Silver-studded Blue
Question 11. ● is already able to reproduce twice a year in warm areas of
11……………
In paragraph 8,
Many of Britain's single-generation species show the capacity, in continental
Europe, to add a second generation in years that are sufficiently warm.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
reproduce twice a year (বেলর েুইবোর add a second generation in years (বেলর
প্রজিি) েুইবোর প্রজিি)

The White Admiral

Question 12. ● is found in 12…………… areas of England
In paragraph 9,
The White Admiral of southern England, a much sought-after butterfly, …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
areas of England (ইং েোলন্ডর যকোলিো southern England (দক্ষিণ ইংল্যান্ড)
িোি বো জোয়গো)

Question 13. ● both climate change and the 13…………… of the caterpillar are
possible reasons for decline
In paragraph 9,
… but has shown a considerable decline in the past 20 years. This may be because
the caterpillar exists solely on a diet of a plant called honeysuckle. But it is also
likely to be due to climate change.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
possible (েম্ভোবে) may be (হলত েোলর/েম্ভোবিো)

Reading Passage 2

42
Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A–F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.
Question 14. reference to the rapidly increasing need for one raw material in the
transport industry
In paragraph C,
Mining corporations argue that deep-sea exploration could help diversify the
supply of metals and point to the fact that demand for resources such as copper,
aluminum, cobalt for electric car batteries and other metals to power technology
and smartphones, is soaring.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

rapidly increasing (েুত বৃক্তদ্ধ েোলচ্ছ) is soaring (উড়লে/েুব েুত বৃক্তদ্ধ েোলচ্ছ)
one raw material in the transport electric car batteries
industry (েনরবহি েোলত একঠট
কোোঁচোমো )

Question 15. a rough estimate of the area of the Earth covered by the oceans
In paragraph F,
The oceans occupy around 70% of the planet and are relatively unexplored, says
Mike Johnston, chief executive of Nautilus, a Canadian underwater exploration
company …
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a rough estimate (একঠট আিুমোনিক around 70% (প্রোয় ৭০%)
যোরণো)
Earth (েৃনেবী) the planet (গ্রহ – এেোলি েৃনেবী
যবোঝোলচ্ছ)

Question 16. how a particular underwater habitat, where minerals and organisms
co-exist, is formed

43
In paragraph E,
Scientific research – including a recent paper in Marine Policy journal has
suggested the deep seabed, and hydrothermal vents, which are created when
seawater meets volcanic magma, have crucial impacts upon biodiversity and the
global climate. The mineral-rich vents and their surrounds are also home to many
well-known animals including crustaceans, tubeworms, clams, slugs, anemones
and fish.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a particular underwater habitat (একঠট hydrothermal vents (বোেিোিঠটর িোম)
নিনেত ি underwater বোেিোি)
Organisms (জীব) animals (প্রোনণ/জীব)

Question 17. reference to the fact that the countries of the world have yet to agree
on rules for the exploration of the seabed
In paragraph D,
But environmental and legal groups have urged caution, arguing there are
potentially massive and unknown ramifications for the environment and for nearby
communities, and that the global regulatory framework is not yet drafted.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
yet to agree on rules (যকোলিো নিয়লম the global regulatory framework is not
এেলিো যেৌৌঁেোলত েোলরনি) yet drafted (নবশ্ববেোেী নিয়ম কোিোলমো
এেলিো ততনর হয়নি)

Questions 18-23
Look at the following statements (Questions 18–23) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 18–23 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

List of People
A. Professor Mat Upton

44
 B. Julie Hunter, Julian Aguon and Pradeep Singh
C. Dr Jon Copley
D. Mike Johnston
E. Verena Tunnicliffe

Question 18. A move away from the exploration of heavily mined reserves on land
is a good idea.
In paragraph F,
Mike Johnston, chief executive of Nautilus, a Canadian underwater exploration
company: ‘It makes sense to explore this untapped potential in an environmentally
sustainable way, instead of continually looking at the fast depleting land resources
of the planet to meet society’s rising needs.’

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

heavily mined reserves on land fast depleting land resources of the
(মোঠটলত েোকো বহু বেবহৃত েম্পে) planet (েুত ক্ষয় হওয়ো র্ূ েম্পে)

Question 19. The negative effects of undersea exploration on local areas and their
inhabitants are being ignored.
In paragraph D,
‘Despite arising in the last half century, the “new global gold rush” of deep-sea
mining shares many features with past resource scrambles – including a general
disregard for environmental and social impacts, and the marginalisation of
indigenous peoples and their rights,’ a paper, written by Julie Hunter and Julian
Aguon, from Blue Ocean Law, and Pradeep Singh, from the Center for Marine
Environmental Sciences, Bremen, argues.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
undersea exploration (েমুলের deep-sea mining (গর্ীর েমুলে েিি)
ত লেলশ অিুেন্ধোি)
local areas and their inhabitants (িোিীয় indigenous peoples (িোিীয় জিগণ)
এ োকো ও তোর বোনেিো)

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Question 20. There are more worthwhile things to extract from the sea than
minerals.
প্রশ্ন ব লে, েমুে যেলক minerals এর যচলয় মূ েবোি ক্তজনিেও আলহোরণ করো
যেলত।
In paragraph A,
But Upton, and other scientists who view the deep ocean and its wealth of unique
and undocumented species as a prospecting ground for new medicines, fear such
potential will be lost in the rush to exploit the deep sea’s equally rich metal and
mineral resources.

প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে

worthwhile things (আলরো মূ েবোি its wealth of unique and undocumented
ক্তজনিে) species (এঠটর অিিে েম্পে ও অজোিো
প্রজোনত)

Question 21. No other form of human exploration will have such a destructive
impact on marine life as deep-sea mining.
In paragraph F,
But critics say exotic and little-known ecosystems in the deep oceans could be
destroyed and must be protected. ‘Mining will be the greatest assault on deep-sea
ecosystems ever inflicted by humans,’ according to hydrothermal vent expert
Verena Tunnicliffe, at the University of Victoria in Canada.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
destructive impact (ধ্বংেোত্মক প্রর্োব) assault (আিমণ)
marine life (েোমুনেক েনরলবশ ও deep-sea ecosystems (গভীর সমুদ্রের
জীবি) বাস্তুতন্ত্র)

Question 22. More is known about outer space than about what lies beneath the
oceans.
In paragraph D,

46
The authors say that knowledge of the deep seabed remains extremely limited.
‘The surface of the Moon, Mars and even Venus have all been mapped and studied
in much greater detail, leading marine scientists to commonly remark that, with
respect to the deep sea, “We don’t yet know what we need to know”.’
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
outer space (মহোকোশ) Moon, Mars and even Venus (গ্রহ-
উেগ্রহ, এলের অবিোি মহোকোলশ)
beneath the oceans (েমুলের নিলচ) deep sea (গর্ীর েমুে)

Question 23. There is one marine life habitat where experts agree mining should
not take place.
In paragraph E,
‘Extraction methods would produce large sediment plumes and involve the
discharge of waste back into the ocean, significantly disturbing seafloor
environments,’ the paper continues. ‘On deep sea vents, scientists are clear,’ says
Dr Jon Copley of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton: ‘We don’t
want mining on them.’
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
one marine life habitat (একঠট েোমুনেক deep sea vents (বোেিোলির িোম)
বোেিোি)
experts (অনর্জ্ঞ) scientists (নবজ্ঞোিী)

Questions 24-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet.
Question 24. They also say that these can be removed without producing
much 24…………………
In paragraph C,
The deep sea contains more nickel, cobalt and rare earth metals than all land
reserves combined, according to the US Geological Survey. …….

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They say that deep-sea mining could yield far superior ore to land mining with
little, if any, waste.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
without producing much (যবনশ little (েুব অল্প)
েনরমোলণ উৎেোেি িো কলর)

Question 25. The extraction is often done by adapting the 25………………… that
has already been used to work on land.
In paragraph C,
Different methods of extraction exist, but most involve employing some form of
converted machinery previously used in terrestrial mining to excavate materials
from the sea floor,
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
adapting (অনর্লেোজি বো উেলেোগী converted (রূেোন্তনরত)
কলর যিয়ো)
used to work on land (েো আলগ র্ূ নম বো used in terrestrial mining (ি জ েিলি
মোঠটলত কোজ করলতো) বেবহোর করো)

Question 26. However, concerned groups strongly believe that 26……………… is

necessary due to the possible number of unidentified consequences.
In paragraph D,
But environmental and legal groups have urged caution, arguing there are
potentially massive and unknown ramifications for the environment and for nearby
communities, and that the global regulatory framework is not yet drafted.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
concerned groups (েংনিি গররুে) environmental and legal groups
(েনরলবশবোেী ও আইিী গররুে)
unidentified consequences (অজোিো unknown ramifications (অজোিো
েনরণনত) প্রর্োব)

Reading Passage 3
48
Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27–30 on your answer sheet.
Question 27. What is the writer doing in the first paragraph?
A setting out two opposing views about human nature
B justifying his opinion about our tendency to be greedy
C describing a commonly held belief about people’s behaviour
D explaining why he thinks that humans act in a selfish manner
In paragraph 1,
There has long been a general assumption that human beings are essentially selfish.
We’re apparently ruthless, with strong impulses to compete against each other for
resources and to accumulate power and possessions. If we are kind to one another,
it’s usually because we have ulterior motives. If we are good, it’s only because we
have managed to control and transcend our innate selfishness and brutality.
অেশি C যত আলে Passage এ আলে
a commonly held belief (একঠট a general assumption (একঠট েোযোরণ
প্রচন ত নবশ্বোে) যোরণো)

Question 28. What point is made about Richard Dawkins’ book The Selfish Gene?
A Its appeal lay in the radical nature of its ideas.
B Its success was due to the scientific support it offered.
C It presented a view that was in line with the attitudes of its time.
D It took an innovative approach to the analysis of human psychology.
In paragraph 2,
This bleak view of human nature is closely associated with the science writer
Richard Dawkins, whose 1976 book The Selfish Gene became popular because it
fitted so well with – and helped to justify – the competitive and individualistic
ethos that was so prevalent in late 20th-century societies.
অেশি C যত আলে Passage এ আলে

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 in line with the attitudes of its time that was so prevalent in late 20th-
(যেই সমদ্র়ের মদ্র াভাদ্রবর সাদ্রে century societies (যা ক্ষবংশ শতাব্দীর
সঙ্গক্ষতপূণ)ণ শশদ্রের ক্ষদদ্রের সমাদ্রে প্রচক্ষল্ত ক্ষিল্)

Question 29. What does the writer suggest about the prehistoric era in the fourth
paragraph?
A Societies were more complex than many people believe.
B Supplies of natural resources were probably relatively plentiful.
C Most estimates about population sizes are likely to be inaccurate.
D Humans moved across continents more than was previously thought.
In paragraph 4,
With such small population densities, it seems unlikely that prehistoric hunter-
gatherer groups had to compete against each other for resources or had any need to
develop ruthlessness and competitiveness, or to go to war.
অেশি B যত আলে Passage এ আলে
natural resources (প্রোকৃনতক েম্পে) resources (েম্পে)

Question 30. The writer refers to Bruce Knauft’s work as support for the idea that
A selfishness is a relatively recent development in human societies.
B only people in isolated communities can live in an unselfish manner.
C very few lifestyles have survived unchanged since prehistoric times.
D hunter-gatherer cultures worldwide are declining in number.
In paragraph 5,
Knauft has observed that individuals in such groups don’t accumulate property or
possessions and have an ethical obligation to share everything. They also have
methods of preserving egalitarianism by ensuring that disparities of status don’t
arise.
অেশি A যত আলে Passage এ আলে
writer refers to Bruce Knauft’s work Knauft has observed (Knauft ক্ষে
(য েক Bruce Knauft এর কোলজর কলরলেি)
উলেে কলরলেি)

50
Questions 31-35
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Question 31. Bruce Knauft’s research shows that contemporary hunter-gatherer
societies tend to exhibit a high level of 31………………… in all areas of life.
In paragraph 5,
As the anthropologist Bruce Knauft has remarked, hunter-gatherers are
characterized by ‘extreme political and sexual egalitarianism’.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
high level (অনতমোেোয়) extreme (অনতমোেোয়)

Question 32. These societies also employ strategies to prevent differences

in 32………………… occurring:
In paragraph 5,
They also have methods of preserving egalitarianism by ensuring that disparities of
status don’t arise.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
strategies (েনরকল্পিো) methods (েদ্ধনত)
differences (েোেকে)
ত disparities (তবিমে)

Question 33. for example, the !Kung follow a custom whereby the credit for one
person’s success at 33………………… is given to another member of the group.
In paragraph 6,
The !Kung people of southern Africa, for example, swap arrows before going
hunting and when an animal is killed, the acclaim does not go to the person who
fired the arrow, but to the person the arrow belongs to.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
credit (কৃনতত্ব) acclaim (কৃনতত্ব/প্রশংেো)

Question 34. Individuals who behave in a 34………………… manner are

punished by being excluded from the group,
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In paragraph 6,
And if a person becomes too domineering, the other members of the group
ostracise them, exiling the offender from society.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
punished (শোক্তস্ত যেয়ো) ostracise (বনহষ্কোর করো)
excluded (বোে যেয়ো) exiling (নিবোনেত)
ত

Question 35. and women have a considerable amount of 35………………… in

choices regarding work and marriage.
In paragraph 6,
Women in hunter-gatherer groups worldwide often benefit from a high level of
autonomy, being able to select their own marriage partners, decide what work they
do and work whenever they choose to.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
a considerable amount (একঠট a high level (একঠট উোঁচু েেোয়)
ত
উলেেলেোগে েনরমোণ)

Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage
3?
প্রশ্নগুল ো YES, NO, NOT GIVEN টোইলের এবং এই প্রশ্নগুল োর মলযে যেগুল োর
উত্তর YES, শুযু যেগুল োরই Paraphrase করো েোলব।
Question 38. Being peaceful and cooperative is a natural way for people to
behave.
In paragraph 8,
It makes more sense, then, to see traits such as cooperation, egalitarianism,
altruism and peacefulness as innate characteristics of human beings.
প্রলশ্ন আলে Passage এ আলে
natural (স্বোর্োনবক/প্রকৃনতগত) innate (েহজোত)

52