Chapter

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 ODD DAYS

3.0 ODD DAYS FOR WEEK DAYS

4.0 ODD DAYS FOR MONTHS IN A YEAR

5.0 WORKING RULE TO FIND THE DAY OF THE WEEK

6.0 REPEATING CALENDARS

EXERCISE-1

EXERCISE-2

Unit One
sdfkls
 Calendar

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This is another important chapter in reasoning. Questions based on calendar are of set pattern and
hence follow set rules. We are giving below the definition/meaning of certain words which are used
in solving questions on calendar.
Ordinary year :
An ordinary year has 365 Days. There are 52 weeks in an Ordinary year. In an ordinary year, first
and last day of the year are same. For example 1985, 2001, 2003, 2100 etc. are all ordinary years.
In an ordinary year February is of 28 days.
Leap year :
A year which is divisible by 4 is called leap year. A leap year has 366 Days. For example 2000,
1984, 2004, are all leap years. For a leap year, if first day is Monday then last day will be Tuesday
for the same year. In a leap year february is of 29 days.
Century year :
Year ending in 00’s is Century year. For example 900, 1200, 1800, 2000 all are Century years.
In case of century year we check the divisibility by 400. The year divisible by 400 is considered leap
year. e.g. 1200, 1600, 2000 all are leap years.

2.0 ODD DAYS

We know that a week contains 7 days counting from Monday to Sunday. So, any number of days,
which are more than complete number of a week in a given period are called odd days. For example,
a period of 10 days contains 3 odd days, 11 days contains 4 odd days, 12 days contains 5 odd
days. But period of 14 days contains zero odd day.
Therefore, in finding number of odd days in a given period of time, one has to divide that period by
7. If it is completely divisible by 7, it contains zero odd day and if it is not divisible by 7, then
remaining number of days are the odd days.
l An ordinary year has 1 odd day. (52 weeks + 1 day)
l A leap year has 2 odd day. (52 weaks + 2 days)
l Odd days in 100 years = 5,
l Odd days in 200 years = 3,
l Odd days in 300 years = 1,
l Odd days in 400 years = 0.
Instead, a year divisible by 100 would not be a leap year unless that year was also exactly divisible
by 400. This means that the years 1600 and 2000 were leap years, as will be 2400 and 2800, but
the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not, nor will 2100, 2200, and 2300.
l Every fourth year is a leap year. 2004, 2008, and 2012 are leap years.
l However, every hundredth year is not a leap year. 1900 and 2100 are not leap years.
l Every four hundred years, there's a leap year after all. 2000 and 2400 are leap years.
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3.0 ODD DAYS FOR WEEK DAYS

Table : (Odd days for week days)

Days Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Odd days 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Class X : MAT

4.0 ODD DAYS FOR MONTHS IN A YEAR

Table : (Odd days for months in a year)
Ordinary year Days Odd days Leap year Days Odd days
January 31 3 January 31 3
February 28 0 February 29 1
March 31 3 March 31 3
April 30 2 April 30 2
May 31 3 May 31 3
June 30 2 June 30 2
July 31 3 July 31 3
August 31 3 August 31 3
September 30 2 September 30 2
October 31 3 October 31 3
November 30 2 November 30 2
December 31 3 December 31 3

5.0 WORKING RULE TO FIND THE DAY OF THE WEEK ON A PARTICULAR

DATE WHEN REFERENCE DAY IS GIVEN

Step 1: Find the net number of odd days for the period between the reference date and the given
date (exclude the reference day but count the given date for counting the number of net odd days).

Step 2: The day of the week on the particular date is equal to the number of net odd days ahead
of the reference day (if the reference day was before this date) but behind the reference day (if this
date was behind the reference day).

6.0 REPEATING CALENDARS IN A GIVEN CENTURY :

There is a very simple pattern for determining "when" calendars repeat with the same day/date
combinations.
(1) Define any year as one of four things:
(a) a "leap year", or
(b) the "1st year after a leap year", or
(c) the "2nd year after a leap year", or
(d) the "3rd year after a leap year".
(2) Add 28 to a "leap year" to get the next year that it will repeat.
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(3) Add 6 to the "1st year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year.
(4) Add 11 to the "2nd year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year.
(5) Add 11 to the "3rd year after a leap year" to get the next repeating calendar year.

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 Calendar

SOME WORKED OUT ILLUSTRATIONS

Illustraton 1.
If 11th January 1997 was a Sunday then what day of the week was on 10th January 2000?
Solution
Reference day is before the given date i.e. 10-01-2000.
Total number of days between 11th January 1997 and 10th January 2000
= (365 - 11) in 1997 + 365 in 1998 + 365 in 1999 + 10 days in 2000
= (50 weeks + 4 odd days) + (52 weeks + 1 odd day) +
(52 weeks + 1 odd day) + (1 week + 3 odd days)
Total number of odd days = 4 + 1 + 1 + 3 = 9 days = 1 week + 2 days
Hence, 10th January, 2000 would be 2 days ahead of Sunday i.e. it was on Tuesday.

Illustraton 2.
Today is Wednesday what will be the day after 94 days ?
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Saturday
Solution
94/7=3 is the remainder, therefore 3 days after Wednesday=Saturday.

Illustraton 3.
Today is Thursday. The day after 59 days will be?
(A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday
Solution
Similar as above, 3 is the remainder, therefore 3 days after Thursday = Sunday
Working rule to find the day of the week on a particular date when no reference day is given
Summarising the steps followed:
Step 1: Count the net number of odd days on the given date
Step 2: Write the day for the given number of odd days as per the table below.

Day : Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Odd Day : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Illustraton 4.
How often in years do calendars repeat with the same day-date combinations?
Solution
Calendars repeat in a regular cycle of 28 years, within a century.
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For NON-LEAP YEARS, a given arrangement of days will repeat in 6 years, then 11, then 11 years,
then begin a new cycle of 6-11-11(6+11+11=28) eg: 1989(+6), =1995(+11),=
2006(+11),=2017.
Crossing a century changes this because only every 4th century year (e.g. 2000 but not 2100, 2200,
or 2300) is a leap year.
LEAP YEAR calendars repeat every 28 years.e.g. 1804,1832,1860,1888,1928,1956

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Class X : MAT

Illustraton 5.
In the century 2000-2100, the various years in which the calendar repeats?
Solution
2010 is the 2nd yr after a leap year 2008 and will repeat in 2010 + 11 = 2021.
2011 is the 3rd year after a leap year and repeats in 2022;
2012 a leap year repeats in 2040;
2013 1st year after leap year repeats in 2019;
2014 2nd year after leap year repeats in 2025;
2015 3rd year after leap year repeats in 2026;
2016 leap year repeats in 2044;
2017 repeats in 2023; and so on.

Illustraton 6.
Find the day of the week on
(A) 27th Dec 1985 (B) 15th Aug 1947 (C) 12th Jan 1979
Solution
(A) 27th Dec 1985 has (1984 years, 11 months and 27 days).
Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day.
300 years have 1 odd day
84 years contains
= (21 leap years and 63 ordinary years) = (21 × 366 + 63 × 365) days

30681
= (7686 + 22995) = 30681 days = = 4383 weeks.
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i.e., 84 years contain 0 odd day
11 months and 27 days
= 361 days = 51 weeks + 4 days = 4 odd days. = 4 + 1 = 5
Therefore,
27th Dec 1985 has (4 + 1) = 5 odd days.
Now counting Sunday as 0 odd day, Tuesday as 2 odd days and so on, Friday will have 5 odd
days. Therefore, 27th Dec 1985 will be Friday.
(B) 15th Aug 1947
(1946 years, 7 months and 15 days)
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Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day

300 years have 1 odd day
1900 years have 1 odd day.
46 years have
(11 leap years and 35 ordinary years)

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 Calendar

= (11 × 366 + 35 × 365) days = 16801 days = (2400 weeks + 1 day) = 1 odd day.
7 months and 15 days = 227 days = (32 weeks + 3 days) = 3 odd days
(1946 years + 7 months + 15 days)
have (1 + 1 + 3) = 5 odd days
Which is Friday.
(C) 12th Jan 1979 = (1978 years + 12 days)
Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day
300 years have 1 odd day
78 years have (19 leap years + 59 ordinary years)
= (19 × 366 + 59 × 365) days = 28489 days = 4069 weeks + 6 days = 6 odd days
12 days = 5 odd days
\ Total number of odd days = (1 + 6 + 5) = 12 = 5 odd days

So, the day on 12th Jan 1979 was Friday.

Illustraton 7.
On what days of July, 1776 did Sunday fall ?
Solution
First of all find the day on 1st July, 1776.
1st July, 1776 = (1775 years + 6 months + 1 day)
Now, 1600 years have 0 odd day
100 years have 5 odd days
75 years have 18 leap years and 57 ordinary years which have 2 odd days.
1775 years have (0 + 5 + 2) = 7 = 0 odd day
Now, 6 months + 1 day
= Jan + Feb + Mar + Apr + May + June + 1 = (31 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30) + 1
= 183 days = 1 odd day
\ 1 st July, 1776 will be Monday and hence 1st Sunday for the month of July will fall on 7th.
Therefore, other Sundays will fall on 14th, 21st and 28th.

Illustraton 8.
What was the day on 26th Jan 1950, when 1st Republic Day of India was celebrated?
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday
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Solution
26th Jan, 1950 means
(1949 years and 26 days)
1600 years have 0 odd day
300 years have 1 odd day

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Class X : MAT

49 years have (12 leap years and 37 ordinary years)

Þ (12 × 366 + 37 x 365)

Þ (4392 + 13505) days

Þ (17897) days = 2556 weeks + 5 days

So, 49 years have 5 odd days and 26 days have 5 odd days
Total number of odd days = 0 + 1 + 5 + 5 = 11 days = 4 odd days.
Hence, the day on 26th Jan 1950 was Thursday.

Illustraton 9.
What is the number of odd days in a leap year?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Solution
A leap year has 366 days
Now if we divide 366 by 7, it gives 2 as remainder.
Hence, number of odd days in 366 days is 2.

Illustraton 10.
Prove that the calendars for 1990 will serve for 2001 also.
Solution
There are two ways of proving it. One find the day on 1st Jan, 1990 and 1st Jan, 2001. Both the
days should be identical. 2nd find the number of odd days between 31st Dec 1989 and 31st Dec
2000. The sum of odd days should be zero.
Odd days are calculated as below:
Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Odd Days : 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2

Sum of odd days = 14 i.e., 0 odd day.

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 Calendar

1. What was the day on 1st Jan 1901?

(A) Monday (B) Wednesday (C) Sunday (D) Tuesday

2. What was the day on 31st Oct 1984 ?

(A) Friday (B) Sunday (C) Wednesday (D) Monday

3. What was the day on 14th Mar 1993?

(A) Friday (B) Thursday (C) Sunday (D) Saturday

4. On what dates of Aug 1980 did Monday fall ?

(A) 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th (B) 3rd, 10th, 17th and 24th
(C) 6th, 13th, 20th and 27th (D) 9th, 16th, 23rd and 30th

5. On what dates of Dec 1984 did Sunday fall ?

(A) 6th, 13th, 20th & 27th (B) 7th, 14th, 21st, & 28th
(C) 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd & 30th (D) 1st, 8th, 15th & 22nd

6. Today is Tuesday, what will be the day after 2105 days?

(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Sunday

7. Today is Thursday. The day after 138 days will be :

(A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday

8. If 1st day of a year which is not a leap year is Friday, then find the last day of that year.
(A) Sunday (B) Friday (C) Monday (D) Wednesday

9. What was the day of the week on 2nd July 1984 ?

(A) Wednesday (B) Tuesday (C) Monday (D) Thursday

10. What was the day of the week on 26th January, 1984. It was :
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday

11. First day of a leap year is Wednesday, then what day of the week was it on 31st December in that
year?
(A) Thursday (B) Saturday (C) Monday (D) Friday

12. Smt. Indira Gandhi died on 31st October, 1984. The day of the week was :
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Friday

13. What will be the day of the week on 1st January, 2010?
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(A) Friday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday (D) Monday

14. How many times does the 29th day of the month occur in 400 consecutive years?
(A) 4497 (B) 1237 (C) 5012 (D) 4126

15. If 15th June falls on 3 days after tomorrow which is Friday, then what day of week will fall on last
date of month?
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday
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Class X : MAT

16. The year next to 1989 will have the same calendar as that of the year 1989 :
(A) 1995 (B) 1997 (C) 1996 (D) 1992

17. The year next to 1996 will have the same calendar as that of year 1996 :
(A) 2001 (B) 2024 (C) 1997 (D) 1999

18. The year next to 1988 having the same starting day date combination calendar as that of 1988 is :
(A) 1990 (B) 1992 (C) 2016 (D) 1995

19. On January 12, 1980, it was Saturday. The day of the week on January 12, 1979 was :
(A) Saturday (B) Friday (C) Sunday (D) Thursday

20. The year next to 1991 having the same calendar as that of 1991 is :
(A) 1998 (B) 2001 (C) 2002 (D) 2003

21. Monday falls on 4th April, 1998. What was the day 3rd November, 1987?
(A) Monday (B) Sunday (C) Thursday (D) Wednesday

22. The calendar for the year 2005 is the same as for the year :
(A) 2010 (B) 2011 (C) 2012 (D) 2013

23. If 20th September in a year is Wednesday, the number of Fridays in that month is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

24. If 14th Fabruary, 2011 falls on Monday then what will be the day on 14 th February, 2013 ?
(A) Friday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday

25. It was tuesday on April 5th 2005. What was the day of the week on march 1st 2010 ?
(A) Tuesday (B) Monday (C) Friday (D) Saturday

26. The republic day of India was celebrated on friday in year 2008. On which day, it will be celebrated
in 2012.
(A) Friday (B) Wednesday (C) Tuesday (D) Thursday

27. If January 1 is a Friday, then what is the first day of the month of March in a leap year?
(A) Tuesday (B) Wednesday (C) Thursday (D) Friday

28. Ramesh 26th birthday celebrated on 2013 Feb 19, Tuesday. Again he wants to celebrate his birthday
on Tuesday. Find out which year and which birthday he is going to celebrate :
(A) 2021, 35th (B) 2019, 32nd (C) 2018, 32nd (D) None of these
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29. If 31 January 2004 was a monday, then which day was 31 January 2009 ?
(A) Tuesday (B) Sunday (C) Saturday (D) Monday

30. If it was Saturday on December 17, 1899, then what will be the day of December 22, 1901?
(A) Firday (B) Saturday (C) Sunday (D) Monday

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1. If 20th September in year is Wednesday, the number of Friday in that month is :

(NTSE Stage-II 2011)
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

2. If 14th February, 2011 falls on Monday then what will be the day on 14 th February, 2013 ?
(NTSE Stage-II 2011)
(A) Friday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday

3. Rajesh is elder 3 days 10 hours from Vikas. The date of Birth of Vikas is 21 Nov. at 7 A.M. then
what will be the date of birth of Rajesh? (NTSE Stage-I 2012)
(A) 16 November (B) 17 November (C) 18 November (D) 19 November

4. First day of the month is Wednesday and Last day of the same month is Tuesday then which one
will be that month? (NTSE Stage-I 2012)
(A) January (B) February (C) March (D) August

5. If in a particular year, 16th June was Friday, then the first Friday in July of that year will fall on
which date? (NTSE Stage-II 2012)
(A) 5th July (B) 6th July (C) 7th July (D) 8th July

6. If 4th day of any month was Sunday, what will be the day on 27th day of the same month?
(NTSE Stage-I 2014)
(A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Saturday

7. If 3rd January, 2004 was Monday, what will be the day on 5th April, 2004 ?
(NTSE Stage-I 2014)
(A) Wednesday (B) Monday (C) Sunday (D) Tuesday

8. If 14th July of 1995 was Friday, then what was the day on 30th March of 1994?
(NTSE Stage-I 2014)
(A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday

9. If 4 days before today it was Monday, what day will it fall on after 3 days?(NTSE Stage-I 2014)
(A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday.

10. Manushi remembers that birthday of Chaitra is after July 10 but before July 17, but Vishakha re-
members that it is between 15 and 27 July, both inclusive. If July 10 was a Thursday and if both of
them remember correctly then on which day was Chaitra’s birthday? (NTSE Stage-II 2018)
(A) Sunday (B) Monday (C) Tuesday (D) Wednesday

11. If it was Saturday on 17th December, 2002, then what was the day on 22nd December, 2004 ?
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(NTSE Stage-I 2018)

(A) Monday (B) Sunday (C) Friday (D) Tuesday

12. If number of days are not considered, which two months in a year have same calender ?
(NTSE Stage-I 2018)
(A) June, October (B) April, November (C) April, July (D) October, December

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Class X : MAT

13. If 25th August in a year is Thursday, then number of Mondays in that month is
(NTSE Stage-I 2018)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

14. If it was Saturday on 17th December, 2002, then what was the day on 22nd December, 2004 ?
(NTSE Stage-I 2018)
(A) Monday (B) Sunday (C) Friday (D) Tuesday

*****

ANSWERS

EXERCISE-1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. D C C A C D C B C C A C A A B
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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Ans. A B C B C C B B D B B A B D B

EXERCISE-2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ans. B D B B C B A D B D B C C B

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