QUARTER 1
Module 1
Disciplines
and Ideas
in the Social Science
QUARTER 1
Module 1
Lesson 3
Major Event and
Contribution of Social
Science Disciplines
At the end of the lesson the learners
should be able to:
Lesson
explain the major events that led to the
emergence of the social science
disciplines;
Objective enumerate the contributions of social
science disciplines; and
demonstrate the historical foundation of
social science disciplines.
According to Quexbook, 2018
Anthropology traces its roots to
Ancient Greek historical and
philosophical writings about human
nature and the organization of human
society.
According to Quexbook, 2018 The
Modern Economics, which is still being
studied today, is the result of the
efforts of ancient or Pre classical (384
B.C - 1776), classical (1776 - 1871),
Neoclassical (1871 - today) and Islamic
Economists.
According to Quexbook, 2018 Some of the first truly
geographical studies occurred more than four thousand
years ago. The main purpose of these early
investigations was to map features and places observed
as explorers travelled to
new lands. The earliest evidence of such explorations
come from the archaeological discovery
of a Babylonian clay tablet map that dates back to 2300
BC.
-According to Quexbook, 2018
People with a certain word
choice, syntax, and
pronunciation are revealed to be
members of a particular speech
community; a group of people
who share social conventions
about language use.
Different speech
communities may reflect
subsets of the same
language called dialects.
According to Quexbook, 2018 From the
late 1950s to mid-1980s, works in
the history of Political Science stand
out by their sheer rarity. Earlier political
scientists were rather (though not
exceptionally) more historical in their
disciplinary self - understanding.
Wilhelm Wundt opened the first
experimental laboratory in Psychology
at the University of Leipzig, Germany.
Credited with establishing psychology
as academic discipline, Wundt’s
students include Emil Kraepelin, James
McKeen Cattell, and G.
Stanley Hall.
According to Quexbook, 2018 Although
sociology has its roots in the works
of philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and
Confucius, it is a relatively new
academic discipline.
It emerged in the early nineteenth
century in response to the challenges
of modernity.
According to Quexbook, 2018 The
Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is
based on historical population trends of
two demographic characteristics - birth
rate and death rate - to suggest that a
country’s total population growth rate
cycles through stages as that country
develops economically.
Founder of Different
Disciplines
• English cultural anthropologist
• First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford
University in the UK in 1896
• Coined the term “culture”
• Wrote “Researches into the Early History of
Mankind and the Development of Civilization"
Anthropology: Edward Burnett Taylor
(1832 - 1917)
• Greek Historian
• Treated historical subjects as a method of
investigation
• Collected historical materials systematically and
critically and arranged them into a historical
narrative.
• Wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient
traditions and culture of Greece, Asia and Africa
History: Herodotus (484 B.C - 425 B.C)
• Founder of Classical School
• Constructed an explanation on how social
behavior is regulated
• Saw a world where each person sought their
own self - interest but was constrained by
morality, markets and government
• Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776
Economics: Adam Smith (1723 - 1790)
• Greek geographer
• Became chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria
• Accepted the concept that the Earth is round and
calculated its circumference to within 0.5 percent
accuracy
• Described the known areas of the world and
divided the earth into five climatic regions
• Prepared the earliest maps of the known world
Geography: Eratosthenes
(276 B.C - 194 B.C)
• Swiss linguist
• Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and
therefore that all languages function in a
similar fashion
• Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes
voyelles dans les langues indo-europeenes.”
Linguistics: Ferdinand de Saussure
(1857 - 1913)
• Political scientist
• Laid down the foundation of governance
and leadership
• He said “man by nature is a political
animal”.
• He wrote “The Politics”.
Political Science: Aristotle
(384 - 322 B.C)
• German Psychologist
• Opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology
at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879
• Trained Psychology students to make observations
that were biased by personal interpretation or
previous experience and used the results to
develop a theory of conscious thought
• Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”
Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt
(1832 - 1920)
• French sociologist
• Coined the term “sociology”
• Advocated the application of scientific
method to social life and positivism.
• Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive”
published from 1830 - 1842 in five
volumes.
Sociology: Auguste Comte
(1798 - 1857)
