College of Nursing
Central Philippine University
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines
Name: Arcelia Jerone B. Tejada Date Submitted: 03/07/24
Course: BSN 4H Submitted to: Prof. Mary Joy Guadalupe
Drug Study
Mechanism of Indication Side Nursing Health Teaching
Action Contraindication Effects/Adverse Responsibility
Effects
Generic Name: Fentanyl binds to I: SE: Monitor vital signs Inform the client or
Fentanyl opioid receptors, >Short-term analgesia Confusion and observe the family:
especially the mu- during induction, Constipation patient for signs of
Brand name: opioid receptor, which maintenance, and Bradycardia skeletal and thoracic Fentanyl makes you
Duragesuc, Actiq is coupled to G- recovery from Decrease muscle (depressed drowsy or dizzy. -Do
Oralet, Sublimaze proteins. Activation of regional/general appetite respirations) rigidity not drive a car or
opioid receptors anesthesia. Dizziness and weakness. operate machinery
Classification: causes GTP to be until you know how
Central nervous exchanged for GDP >Given with oxygen AE: Watch carefully for this medication affects
system agent; on the G-proteins, and a skeletal muscle Convulsion respiratory depression you.
analgesic; Narcotic which down-regulate relaxant (neurolept Delirium and movements of
(opiate) agonist adenylate cyclase, anesthesia) to Blurred vision various groups of Fentanyl may cause
reducing cAMP selected high-risk Respiratory skeletal muscle in dizziness,
Dosage: concentrations. patients. depression extremities, external lightheadedness, and
50-100 mcg/dose IM Reduced cAMP Muscle rigidity eye, and neck during fainting when you get
or slow IV 30-60 min decreases the cAMP- CI: the postoperative up too quickly from a
before surgery dependent influx of >Pt who has received period. These lying position. -
calcium ions into the MAO inhibitor within movements may Gradually change
Adjunct to regional cell. The exchange of 14 days present patient position.
anesthesia: 25-100 GTP for GDP results >Myasthenia gravis management
mcg/dose slow IV in hyperpolarization of >Labor and delivery problems; report Taking certain
over 1-2 min the cell and inhibition >Lactation promptly. medications with
of nerve activity. fentanyl may increase
the risk that you will
develop serious or
life-threatening
breathing problems,
sedation, or coma. -
Check with your
physician first.
Mechanism of Indication/ Side Nursing Health Teaching
Action Contraindication Effects/Adverse Responsibilities
Effects
Generic Name: Acts directly on both I: SE: Monitor BP, pulse, Inform the client or
Epinephrine alpha and beta > Temporary relief of Vomiting respirations, and family:
receptors; the most bronchospasm, acute Tachycardia urinary output and
Brand Name: potent activator of asthmatic attack, Chest pain observe the patient Report to the
Epifrin, Glaucon, alpha receptors. mucosal congestion, Anxiety closely following IV physician if symptoms
SusPhrine Strengthens hypersensitivity, administration. are not relieved in 20
myocardial anaphylactic AE: min or if they become
Classification: contraction; increases reactions, syncope Nasal burning Epinephrine may worse following
Autonomic nervous systolic but may due to heart block or Dryness of widen pulse pressure. inhalation.
If disturbances in
system agent; alpha- decrease diastolic carotid sinus nasal mucosa
cardiac rhythm occur,
and beta-adrenergic blood pressure; hypersensitivity, and Palpitation Report bronchial
withhold epinephrine
agonist; increases cardiac rate to restore cardiac Psychosis irritation,
and notify the
bronchodilator and cardiac output. rhythm in cardiac physician immediately. nervousness, or
arrest. sleeplessness. The
Dosage: Keep the physician dosage should be
Topical: 1:50,000– > Relaxes informed of any reduced.
1:1000 applied myometrium and changes in the intake-
topically or inhibits uterine output ratio. Take medication only
1:500,000–1:50,000 contractions; prolongs as prescribed and
mixed with a local action and delays Use the cardiac immediately notify the
anesthetic systemic absorption monitor with patients physician of the onset
of local and receiving epinephrine of systemic effects of
intraspinal IV. epinephrine.
anesthetics.
Have a full crash cart Discard discolored or
CI: immediately available. precipitated solutions.
>Hypersensitivity to
epinephrine Check BP repeatedly Do not breastfeed
>Narrow-angle when epinephrine is while taking this drug
glaucoma administered IV during without consulting a
>Bleeding the first 5 min, then physician.
q3–5min until
>Cardiogenic shock
stabilized.
Mechanism of Indication/ Side Effects/ Nursing Health Teaching
Action Contraindication Adverse Effects Responsibilities
Generic Name: Thought to act I: SE: Supervise Inform the client or
Ephedrine indirectly by releasing > Temporary relief of Sweating continuously patients family:
tissue stores of congestion of hay Insomnia receiving ephedrine
Brand Name: norepinephrine and fever, allergic rhinitis, Headache IV. Note: Ephedrine is a
Efedron directly by stimulation and sinusitis; and in Loss of commonly abused
of alpha-, beta1-, and treatment and appetite Take baseline BP and drug. Learn adverse
Classification: beta2-adrenergic prophylaxis of mild AE: other vital signs. effects and dangers;
Autonomic nervous receptors. cases of acute Nervousness Check BP repeatedly take medication ONLY
system agent; alpha- asthma and patients Burning or during the first 5 as prescribed.
and beta-adrenergic with chronic asthma stinging minutes, then q3–
agonist requiring continuing sensation 5min until stabilized. Do not take OTC
(sympathomimetic); treatment. Cardiac medications for
bronchodilator dysrhythmias Monitor I&O ratio and coughs, colds,
> Combat hypotensive Delirium pattern, especially in allergies, or asthma
Dosage: states, especially Anorexia older male patients. unless approved by a
25 mg capsules; 50 those associated with Dysuria physician.
mg/mL injection; spinal anesthesia; Encourage the patient Ephedrine is a
0.25% nasal spray; to void before taking common ingredient in
1% nasal gel CI: medication. these preparations.
>Hypersensitivity to
ephedrine Monitor for systemic Do not breastfeed
>Narrow-angle effects of nose drops while taking this drug
glaucoma that can occur without consulting a
>Lactation because of excessive physician.
dosage from rapid
absorption of drug
solution through the
nasal mucosa. This is
most likely to occur in
older adults.
Mechanism of Indication/ Side Effects/ Nursing Health Teaching
Action Contraindication Adverse Effects Responsibilities
Generic Name: Acts by selectively I: SE: Monitor vital signs. Inform the client or
Atropine Sulfate blocking all Preoperative Use: To Dry mouth HR is a sensitive family:
muscarinic responses suppress salivation, Drowsiness indicator of a patient's
Brand Name: to acetylcholine perspiration, and Headache response to atropine. Follow measures to
Atropair , Atropisol, (ACh), whether respiratory tract Bloating Be alert to changes in relieve dry mouth:
Isopto Atropine excitatory or secretions; to reduce Dyspnea quality, rate, and adequate hydration;
inhibitory. Selective the incidence of rhythm of HR and small, frequent mouth
Classification: depression of CNS laryngospasm, reflex AE: respiration and rinses with tepid
Autonomic nervous relieves rigidity and bradycardia Ataxia changes in BP and water; meticulous
system agent; tremor of Parkinson's arrhythmia, and Ventricular temperature. mouth and dental
anticholinergic (para- syndrome. hypotension during Fibrillation hygiene; gum
sympatholytic); Antisecretory action general anesthesia. Increase Monitor I&O, chewing or sucking
antimuscarinic (vagolytic effect) intraocular especially in older sugarless sourballs.
suppresses sweating, CI: pressure adults and patients
Dosage: lacrimation, salivation, >Hypersensitivity to Anhidrosis who have had surgery Note: The drug
0.4 mg tablets; 0.05 and secretions from belladonna alkaloids Hallucination (drugs may contribute causes drowsiness,
mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, the nose, mouth, >synechiae Photophobia to urinary retention). sensitivity to light,
0.3 mg/mL, 0.4 pharynx, and bronchi. >angle-closure Urinary Palpate lower blurring of near vision,
mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, Blocks vagal impulses glaucoma retention abdomen for and temporarily
0.8 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL to the heart with a >parotitis distention. Have the impairs the ability to
injection resulting decrease in >obstructive uropathy, patient void before judge distance. Avoid
AV conduction time, e.g., bladder neck giving atropine. driving and other
increase in heart rate >obstruction caused activities requiring
and cardiac output, by prostatic Monitor CNS status. visual acuity and
and shortened PR hypertrophy Older adults and mental alertness.
interval. debilitated patients
sometimes manifest Discontinue
drowsiness or CNS ophthalmic
stimulation. Side rails preparations and
and supervision of notify the physician if
ambulation may be eye pain,
indicated. conjunctivitis,
palpitation, rapid
pulse, or dizziness
occurs.
Do not breastfeed
while taking this drug
without consulting a
physician.
Mechanism of Indication/ Side Effects/ Nursing Health Teaching
Action Contraindication Adverse Effects Responsibilities
Generic Name: Synthetic narcotic I: SE: Assess respiratory Inform the client or
Nalbuphine analgesic with agonist Symptomatic relief of Dizziness rate before drug family:
and weak antagonist moderate to severe Drowsiness administration.
Brand Name: properties. Analgesic pain. Also, Vomiting Do not drive or
Nubain potency is about 3 or preoperative sedation Diaphoresis Withhold the drug and engage in potentially
4 times greater than analgesia and as a Xerostomia notify the physician if hazardous activities
Classification: that of pentazocine supplement to the respiratory rate until the drug
Central nervous and approximately surgical anesthesia. AE: falls below 12. response is known.
system agent; equal to that Hypertension/
analgesic; narcotic produced by CI: Hypotension Watch for allergic Avoid alcohol and
(opiate) agonist- equivalent doses of >History of Bitter taste responses in persons other CNS
antagonist morphine. On a hypersensitivity to Depression with sulfite sensitivity. depressants.
weight basis, drugs. Respiratory
Dosage: produces respiratory >Safety during arrest Administer with Do not breastfeed
10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL depression about pregnancy (category Confusion caution to patients while taking this drug
injection equal to that of C) or lactation is not with hepatic or renal without consulting
morphine; however, in established. impairment. physician.
contrast to morphine, >Prolonged use
doses >30 mg during pregnancy Monitor ambulatory
produce no further could result in patients; nalbuphine
respiratory neonatal withdrawal. may produce
depression. drowsiness.
Antagonistic potency
is approximately one- Monitor blood
fourth that of pressure. Do not give
naloxone and about if below 90/60.
10 times greater than
that of pentazocine.
References:
Karch, A.M, (2011). 2011 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide. Wolters Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Wilson, B. et al (n.d.). Drug Guide 2007 Wilson, Shannon, & Stang. Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved from
http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/about/authors.html
Nursing Central (2023). Davi’s Drug Guide. Unbound Medicine. Retrieved from https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/index/Davis-
Drug-Guide/All_Topics/
