MARKING SCHEME FOR CHAPTER -BIOMOLECULE

( MODEL QUESTION PAPER).

SECTION-A MARKS

1 c) Deoxyribose 1

2 b) Stachyose 1

3 b) Fructose, glucose 1

4 d) phosphodiester linkage 1

5 b) Glucose gives Schiff's test for aldehyde 1

6 c) glycosidic 1

7 b) It is a non-reducing sugar 1

8 a) α-amino acids 1

9 a) Glycine 1

10 a) biocatalysts 1

11 b) C 1

12 b) DNA 1

13 c) Phosphate - sugar - base 1

14 a) Lactose 1

15 d. A is false but R is true. 1

16 a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

17 c. A is true but R is false. 1

18 a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1

19 (i)Forms n hexane 1+1

(ii) oxidized to six carbon carboxylic acid (gluconic acid)
20 Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized in the body. For example: valine and ½*4
leucine
Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized in the body. For example: glycine, and
alanine
21 (i) Fat soluble vitamins – which are soluble in fats and oils. e.g., vitamins A, D, E & K. 1+1
(ii) Water soluble vitamins – which are soluble in water e.g., vitamins B& C.
OR
Due to vitamin E-Increased fragility of RBCs and muscular
Due to deficiency of Vitamin C(Ascorbic acid)- Scurvy (bleeding gums)
Page 1 of 6
 weakness

22 (i)α-D-Glucose and α-D-Glucose 1+1

(ii)β-D-Galactose and β-D-Glucose
OR
Amino acids contain amino and carboxylic acid group, In aqueous solution, the
carboxyl group can lose a proton and amino group can accept a proton, giving rise to a or
dipolar ion known as zwitter ion. This is neutral but contains both positive and negative
charges.
1

23 Glycogen is a carbohydrate (polysaccharide). In animals, carbohydrates are stored as ½

Glycogen. ½
Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of two components - amylose (15 - 20%) and ½
amylopectin (80 - 85%). ½
However, glycogen consists of only one component whose structure is similar to
amylopectin. Also, glycogen is more branched than amylopectin.
24 DNA RNA 1+1
sugar moiety in DNA molecules is The sugar moiety in RNA molecules is
β-D-2 deoxyribose β-D-ribose
DNA contains thymine (T). It does not RNA contains uracil (U). It does not
contain uracil (U). contain thymine (T).
The helical structure of DNA is double - The helical structure of RNA is
stranded. singlestranded
Any two correct point
25 α- helical structure Β-pleated structure 1+1(
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding forms Beta sheets are formed by linking two or any two
within the polypeptide chain to create a more beta strands by intermolecular points
spiral structure. hydrogen bonds.
Amino acids exist in the right-handed Amino acids exist in an almost entirely
coiled rod-like structure. extended conformation, i.e. linear or
sheet-like structure

26 1. Aldehydes give 2, 4-DNP test, Schiff's test, and react with NaHSO4 to form the 1
hydrogen sulphite addition product. However, glucose does not undergo these
reactions.
2. The pentaacetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine. This indicates 1
that a free -CHO group is absent from glucose.
3. Glucose exists in two crystalline forms -∝ and β. The α-form (m.p. = 419 K)
crystallises from a concentrated solution of glucose at 303 K and the β form (m.p = 423 1
Page 2 of 6
 K) crystallises from a hot and saturated aqueous solution at 371 K. This behavior cannot
be explained by the open chain structure of glucose.
27 (a)On denaturation, protein globules unfold and unhelix gets uncoiled and protein looses its 1.5+1.5
biological activity
(b) Enzymes are biocatalyst which are very specific for a particular reaction and a
particular substrate. Almost all enzymes are globular proteins.
28 Fibrous protein Globular protein 2+1
It is a fibre-like structure formed by polypeptide chain in this protein is
the polypeptide chain folded around itself, giving rise to a
spherical structure
insoluble in water. usually soluble in water
Fibrous proteins are usually used for All enzymes are globular proteins
structural purposes.

Nuceotide Nucleoside
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous
base, a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and base covalently attached to a sugar
one to three phosphate groups (ribose or deoxyribose) but without the
phosphate group

29 (a)Confirm the presence of carbonyl group 1+1+1

(b) confirms the presence of five –OH groups

(c) On oxidation with nitric acid, glucose as well as gluconic acid both yield a
dicarboxylic acid, saccharic acid.

30 (a)All those carbohydrates which contain a free aldehyde or Ketonic group and reduce 2
Fehling's solution and Tollen's reagent are referred as a reducing Sugar. Examples of
reducing sugar is galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose.
Disaccharides -lactose and maltose are reducing sugar.
Non-reducing sugars: They do not reduce Fehling's solution and Tollens' reagent.ex-
Sucrose.
(b) Anomers are diastereoisomers of cyclic forms of sugars or similar molecules differing 1
in the configuration at the anomeric carbon (C-1 atom of an aldose or the C-2 atom of a
2-ketose). The cyclic forms of carbohydrates can exist in two forms, α- and β- based on
the position of the substituent at the anomeric center.
OR
(a) peptide linkage is an amide formed between –COOH group and –NH2 ,group. The
reaction between two molecules of similar or different amino acids, proceeds through
Page 3 of 6
 the combination of the amino group of one molecule with the carboxyl group of the
other. This results in the elimination of a water molecule and formation of a peptide 2
bond –CO–NH–.

(b)Globular and fibrous protein

1
31 (a) Phospholipids form a thin layer on the surface of an aqueous medium due to the 2
simultaneous presence of both polar and non-polar groups in the molecule. As a result,
the phospholipid molecules may arrange themselves in a double-layered membrane in
aqueous media.
(b). Primary structure remains intact during the denaturation process.
(c) secondary structure 1
OR 1
As they exists as Zwitter ion and have ionic species at lattice points which have
electrostatic attraction between them.
32 (a) Inhibitor 1
(b) Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. Almost all enzymes
are protein. High temperature condition destroys enzymatic activity because 1
proteins are denatured by heat.
(c) Concentration of Substrate With the increase in substrate concentration, the
velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a
maximum velocity (Vmax) which is not exceeded by any further rise in 2
concentration of the substrate. This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer
than the substrate molecules and after saturation of these molecules, there are
no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecules.
OR
Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds which are termed helper
molecules .Cofactors are of 2 types, one with inorganic and other organic, where
the organic ones are called as coenzymes and they are of 2 types, based on bond,
if bond is permanent, it is prosthetic group, if the bond is temporary, it is 2
substrate.
Coenzymes are small organic molecules that bind to the enzymes, assisting the
function of the enzyme.
33 (a) DNA contains four bases viz. adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine 2
(T). RNA also contains four bases, the first three bases are same as in DNA but
the fourth one is uracil (U).

Page 4 of 6
 (b) (i) Messenger RNA (m-RNA)
(ii) Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA) 1
(iii) Transfer RNA (t-RNA

(c) Two main functions of nucleic acids are:

(i) DNA is responsible for the transmission of inherent characters from one
generation to the 2
next. This process of transmission is called heredity.
(ii) Nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA) are responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.
34 DNA (FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE ) RNA 2
DNA is the chemical basis of heredity RNA is not responsible for heredity.
DNA molecules do not synthesize Proteins are synthesised by RNA
proteins, but transfer coded message molecules in the cells
for the synthesis of proteins in the
cells
(b)Starch consists of two components - amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a long 1
linear chain of α-D-(+)-glucose units joined by C1-C4 glycosidic linkage ( α-link).
Amylopectin is a branched-chain polymer of α-D-glucose units, in which the chain is 1
formed by C1-C4-glycosidic linkage and the branching occurs by C1-C6glycosidic linkage.

cellulose is a straight-chain polysaccharide of β-D-glucose units joined by C1-C4- 1

glycosidic linkage ( β-link).

OR
(a) β-form 1
(b) Glyceraldehyde is C2H6O3 1

1
( c) Carbohydrates that yield two to ten monosaccharide units, on hydrolysis, are
called oligosaccharides
(a) C2(H2O)2 is not a carbohydrate. Chemically, the carbohydrates may be defined 2
as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.

Page 5 of 6
 (a) The various sugars present in nucleic acids are Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in 1
35 DNA.
(b)
(i) Fructose also has the molecular formula C6H12O6 ½ *6=3
(ii) it contains a ketonic functional group at carbon number- 2
(iii) Fructose exists in two cyclic forms which are obtained by the addition of —OH at
C5 to the carbonyl group
(iv)The ring, thus formed is a five membered ring and is named as furanose with
analogy to the compound furan.
(v)Furan is a five membered cyclic compound with one oxygen and four carbon atoms.
(vi) The cyclic structures of two anomers of fructose are represented by Haworth
structures as given.

OR
(a)(i) In cyclic structure of glucose one of the —OH groups may add to the —CHO
group and form a cyclic hemiacetal structure.
(ii) glucose forms a six-membered ring in which —OH at C-5 is involved in ring
formation. This explains the absence of —CHO group.
(iii) The two cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose differ only in the configuration of the 3
hydroxyl group at C1, called anomeric carbon

(iv) The six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure (α– or β),
in analogy with pyran
(v)

(b) Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester linkage between 5′ and 3′

carbon atoms of the pentose sugar

*********************************************************

Page 6 of 6