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PRC-2 Lab Concrete Lec 2

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25 views20 pages

PRC-2 Lab Concrete Lec 2

Uploaded by

ahsan saeed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Engr.

Maryam Adnan
LAB # 1
Introduction to concrete
 Concrete is the most widely used building material in the
world
 Globally 11 billion tons of concrete is used is consumed
each year
 Concrete offers desirable durability, strength , economics
and local availability of raw material suiting diverse
fields of application(transportation infrastructure,
buildings, hydraulic and sewer infrastructure.
 The consumption of the concrete is on the rise with
continued industrialization and urbanization
“Concrete is a composite material that
consists essentially of a binding medium
within which are embedded particles or
fragments of aggregate. In hydraulic cement
concrete, the binder is formed from mixture of
hydraulic cement and water”

ASTM C 125 and ACI Committee 116


 Economical and readily available material
 Ambient temperature-hardened material
 Ease to form concrete in variety of shapes
 Energy effective
 Excellence resistance to water
 Concrete has good fire resistance
 Less maintenance required
 Based on unit weight

classification Unit weight (kg/m3)


Ultra light weight <1200
concrete
Light weight concrete 1200<UW<1800
Normal weight concrete ~2400
High weight concrete >3200
 Based on compressive strength

Classification Strength(MPa)
Low strength concrete <20
Moderate strength 20-50
concrete
High strength concrete 50-150
Ultra high strength >150
concrete
 Strength
 Flexural strength
 Compressive strength
 Direct tension test

 Durability
 Dimensional stability
 Permeability
 Resistance against aggressive environment
In this laboratory most of the time we are dealing with
Portland cement concrete

Portland cement

+ water (& admixture) → Cement paste

+ fine aggregate → Mortar

+ coarse aggregate → Concrete


 A grayish pulverized material that hardens when combined with
water
 Portland cement was developed by Joseph Aspdin in 1824,its color
and properties are quite similar with limestone like stone Portland
that’s why it is named so.
 Limestone and clay is usually heated in a kiln to 1400-1600 ˚C to
make them interact chemically to form calcium silicates.
 Burned clinker is ground with gypsum to form familiar gray powder
known as Portland cement.
 Cement that not only hardens by reacting with water but also form
water resisting product are called hydraulic cements
 http://www.essroc.com/default.aspx?pageid=125
Compound Chemical Color Common Wt
Name Formula name percent
age
Tricalcium Silicate 3CaO.SiO2 White Alite 50%

Dicalcium Silicate 2CaO.SiO2 White Belite 25%

Tricalcium 3CaO.Al2O3 White/g Celite 12%


Aluminate ray

Tetracalcium 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 black Ferrite 8%


Aluminoferrite
 Type I
For use when the special properties specified for any other type
are not required
 Type II
 For general use, more especially when moderate sulphate
resistance or moderate heat of hydration is desired
 Type III
For use when high early strength is desired
 Type IV
For use when low heat of hydration is desired
 Type V
For use when high sulphate resistance is desired
 Aggregates generally occupy 70 to 80% of the volume of
concrete
 Aggregates have important influence on the properties of
concrete and provide dimensional stability to concrete
 Important characteristics of aggregates towards making
concrete include:
 Porosity
 Grading or size distribution
 Moisture absorption
 Shape and surface texture
 Crushing strength
 Elastic Modulus
 Type of deleterious substances present
 Characteristics of aggregates are derived from mineralogical
composition of parent rock
Aggregates can be divided into several categories according to
different criteria, such as size, source and unit weight
a) In accordance with size
 Coarse aggregates
 Particles retained on ASTM sieve # 4(4.75 mm)
 Fine aggregates
 Particles in the size range of No. 4 passing and 75 micro
meter
b) In accordance with source
 Natural aggregates
 Aggregates taken from natural sources without changing the
nature during production such as sand and gravel
 Manufactured(synthetic) aggregates
 man made material resulting from products or bi products of
industry such as blast furnace slag and light weight
aggregates
c) In accordance with unit weight
 Ultra-lightweight aggregate
 Unit weight of such aggregates is less than 500kg/m3
 Concrete made of such aggregates has a bulk density from
800 to 1100 kg/m3
 Expanded Perlite and foam plastic
 Non structural members such as partition walls
 Light weight aggregates
 Unit weight of such aggregates ranges from 500 to 1120
kg/m3
 Concrete made of such aggregates has a bulk density from
800 to 1100 kg/m3
 Examples of light weight aggregates includes cinder, blast
furnace slag and volcanic pumice.
 Such concrete can be used either as structural member or
non structural member
 Normal weight aggregates
 Unit weight of such aggregates ranges from 1520 to 1680
kg/m3
 Concrete bulk density of 2300-2400 kg/m3
 Sand, gravels and crushed rock
 Such a concrete is used to make important structural members
 Heavy-weight aggregates
 Unit weight of such aggregates is greater than 2100kg/m3
 Concrete made of such aggregates has a bulk density from 3200 to
4000 kg/m3
 Examples of heavy-weight aggregates includes iron ore,crushed
steel pieces and magnisite limonite
 Such concrete has special usage, like radiation shields in nuclear
power plants, hospitals and laboratories.

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