MATH 8 QUARTER 2 Week 1

NAME: _____________________________________________________YR & SEC: _________________________

Competency:
The learner differentiates linear inequalities in two variables from linear equations in two variables (M8AL-IIa-2),
illustrates and graphs linear inequalities in two variables (M8AL-IIa-3), and solves problems involving linear inequalities in
two variables. (M8AL-IIa-4)

Expectations

In this module, you will learn to:

1. differentiate equations and inequalities;
2. illustrate linear inequalities in two variables;
3. determine the solutions of linear inequality in two variables;
4. graph linear inequalities in two variables in slope-intercept and standard form: and
5. solve problems involving linear inequalities in two variables.

Pre-Test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A mathematical sentence in a form of : Ax + By < C, Ax + By ≤ C, Ax + By > C, Ax + By ≥, where A, B and C are

real numbers and A & B cannot be both equal to zero is called ______.
a. Linear Expression b. Linear Equation c. Linear Inequality d. Linear Inequality in Two Variables
2. Which of the following is not an example of linear inequality in two variables?
a. y > 2x -1 b. a + b ≥ 5 c. 3x – y = 1 d. 5e < 3 + f
3. The boundary line of the graph of linear inequality in two variables is also called ________.
a. dashed line b. half-plane c. plane divider d. solid line
4. Which of the following ordered pairs is a solution of the inequality 2x + 6y ≤ 10?
a. (3, 1) b. (2, 2) c. (1, 2) d. (1, 0)
5. What linear inequality is represented by the graph at the right?
a. x - y > -2
b. x + y > -2
c. x - y > 2
d. x + y > 2

Looking Back to Your Lesson

REVIEW
Let’s recall on how to use inequality signs to describe the size, value of particular things.
A. For instance, we would like to use inequality signs to compare the height of some NBA star players.
1. Lebron James’ height is 6’9” while the height of Stephen Curry is 6’3”.
Thus,
>
“greater than”

Lebron James 6’9” Stephen Curry 6’3”

2. Kobe Bryant’s height is 6’6” while Dwyane Wade is 6’4”.

Thus,
<
“less than”
Dwyane Wade 6’4” Kobe Bryant 6’6”

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B. There’s a tournament which has a height requirement of less than or equal to 6’6”. Among the given star players
above, who can join the said game?

Answer:

≤ 6’6”
“less than or equal to”
Kobe Bryant 6’6”

≤ 6’6”
Stephen Curry 6’3”

≤ 6’6”
Dwyane Wade 6’4”

Introduction of the Topic

LESSON 1 THE DIFFERENCE OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES AND LINEAR INEQUALITY IN TWO VARIABLES
LINEAR EQUATION VS. LINEAR INEQUALITY
LINEAR EQUATION LINEAR INEQUALITY
IN TWO VARIABLES IN TWO VARIABLES
A mathematical sentence in a form of
Ax + By + C <0
An equation that can be put in the form
Ax + By + C > 0
Ax + By + C = 0, where a, b and C are real
Ax + By + C ≤0
numbers and A & B cannot be both equal to
zero is called a linear equation in two variables
Ax + By + C ≥ 0
DEIFINITION namely x and y. where A, B and C are real numbers and A & B
cannot be both equal to zero is called a linear
inequality in two variables namely x and y.

An equation is a sentence that uses an equals An inequality is a sentence that uses inequality
sign. symbol:

> (greater than)

≥ (greater than or equal to)

SYMBOLS
= (equal)

< (less than)

≤ (less than or equal to)

DEGREE
(highest 1 1
exponent)

1. 2x − 4y + 16 = 0 1. 2x − 4y + 16 > 0

2. y = 2x − 1 2. y ≤ 2x − 1
EXAMPLES
3. x= 8 (shorthand for x + 0y = 8) 3. x≥ - 2 (shorthand for x + 0y ≥ - 2)

4. y = 15 (shorthand for 0x + y = 15) 4. y < 10 (shorthand for 0x + y < 10)

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 GRAPH

y=x+1 y< x+1

NOTE: If the symbol used is > or < , we

NOTE: > or < uses broken line
use dashed line - - - - - - in graphing.

The solutions are any points found ON THE The solutions are any points found IN THE
SOLUTIONS
LINE. SHADED AREA.

Refer on the graph above.

EXAMPLES A. x = 2 & y=3 E. x=3 & y=1

B. x = 1 & y=2 F. x=0 & y=-3
C. x = -4 & y = -3 G. x = -5 & y=-6

GRAPH

y≤x+1

NOTE: If the symbol used is ≤ or ≥ , we

use solid line __________ in graphing.

The solutions are any points found ON THE LINE

SOLUTIONS
and IN THE SHADED AREA
Refer on the graph above.

EXAMPLES A. x=3 & y=1

B. x=0 & y=-3
C. x = -5 & y=-6

Activity
Acitivity 1: The Boat is Sinking!
The boat is sinking, group the mathematical statements whether it’s a linear equation or inequality in two variables. Write
only the corresponding letter of your answer.

A B C Linear Linear
y = 3x + 1 y≥ x+1 y = 1- 3x Inequalities in Equations in
Two Variables Two Variables

D x+y=-1 E x2 + y = 1 F x2 + y 2 = 1

G
x + y > 10 H y ≥ 6x I 3x2 + y > 8

y = 5 –2 x2 y ≤ 5 –2 x
J K L y = 5 –2 x

y<x+1 7x - y = 1 9(x-2) < 15

M N O

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 LESSON 2.1

A. LINEAR INEQUALITY IN TWO VARIABLES

Definition
A mathematical sentence in a form of : Ax + By < C, Ax + By > C, Ax + By ≤ C, Ax + By ≥ C , where A, B and C are
real numbers and A & B cannot be both equal to zero is called a linear inequality in two variables namely x and y. Just
like linear equation in two variables, linear inequality in two variables also have forms:
General Form: Ax + By + C < 0 Standard Form: Ax + By < C Slope-Intercept Form: y < mx + b
Let’s learn how to read some inequality sentences!
5x + 3y > 1 “5x plus 3y is greater than 1”
5x + 3y < 1 “5x plus 3y is less than 1”
5x + 3y ≤ 1 “5x plus 3y is less than or equal to 1”
5x + 3y ≥ 1 “5x plus 3y is greater than or equal to 1”
B. GRAPH OF THE LINEAR INEQUALITY IN TWO VARIABLES
We are not going to graph yet, this is to describe what linear inequality in two variables graph looks like.

✓ A linear inequality divides the coordinate plane into two halves by a boundary line.
✓ The plane separated by the boundary line is called half-planes.
✓ This boundary line is also known as plane divider.

Plane Divider or
Half-plane
Boundary Line

Half-plane

✓ The plane divider may be dashed or solid line.

✓ If the symbol is > or < , the boundary line is dashed.
✓ If the symbol is ≥ or ≤ , the boundary line is solid.
3x + 4y < 10 3x + 4y ≤ 10

✓ The graph has shaded area. It represents the solutions.

✓ Dashed line is used to show that the points lie on the boundary line are NOT part of the solution.
✓ Solid line is used to show that the points lie on the boundary line are part of the solution.

LESSON 2.2

A. SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

The solution of a linear inequality in two variables like Ax + By > C is an ordered pair (x, y) that produces a true
statement when the values of x and y are substituted into the inequality. Observe that ‘a solution’ is an ordered pair.
Thus, a solution consists of two numbers.

Example 1: Is (1, 2) a solution to inequality 4x + 3y > 2 ?

To determine if (1, 2) is a solution to inequality 4x + 3y > 2 you have to do the substitution.

In (1, 2), x = 1 and y = 2 ANSWER: (1, 2) is a solution of 4x + 3y > 2.

4x + 3y > 2 In this next example, notice that we are still using the same inequality but different
substitute: 4(1) + 3(2) > 2 ordered pair.
simplify: 4 + 6 >2
10 > 2 True

Example 2: Is (1, -1) a solution to inequality 4x + 3y > 2 ?

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Perform the substition
In (1, -1), x = 1 and y = -1 ANSWER: (1,-1) is NOT a solution of 4x + 3y > 2
4x + 3y > 2
susbtitute: 4(1) + 3(-1) > 2
simplify: 4 - 3 > 2
1 >2
False
B. IDENTIFYING THE SOLUTIONS OF THE LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES USING ITS GRAPH
The graph of an inequality in two variables is the set of points that represents all solutions to the inequality. Using the
graph we can determine if the coordinate is a solution to the inequality or not.

Example 1: 2x – y < 5
✓ All the points in the shaded region are solutions to the
inequality 2x – y < 5.
e.g. A (2,1) C (-3,2) F (0,-3)
✓ All the points outside the shaded region are not
solutions.
e.g. D(3,-5)
E(6,0)
✓ The dashed line indicates that all the points lie on the
boundary line are not solutions.
e.g. B (4,3)
G (2,-1)

Activities
Acitivity 2.1: The Label

Copy the figure below and use the following terms to label the graph.
#2
plane x-axis
divider #3 #5
half- y-axis
plane
#4: the
the area of
half-
solutions
whole
plane
shaded #1
#6 region

Acitivity 2.2:

Tell which of the given ordered pairs satisfy the inequality. Write only the corresponding letter of your answer.

NOTE: The answer on each item could be more than one.

1. y < 2x + 2
a. (0, 2) 2. 3x ≥ 12 – 6y 3x ≥ 12 – 6y 3. 2y ≤ -3x –6
b. (5, 1) a. (1, -1) a. (-5, 1)
c. (-4, 6) b. (4, 0) b. (2, -6)
d. (8, -9) c. (6, 3) c. (-1, - 4)
e. (-3, -12) d. (0, 5) d. (3, 2) 2y ≤ -3x –6
y < 2x + 2 e. (-2, 8) e. (-6, 0)

4. 7 < x + 3y 7 < x + 3y 5. -2x - 4y > 4

a. (1,1) a. (-10,4)
b. (2, 4) b. (2, -4)
c. (-3, 4.5) c. (-12, 8)
-2x - 4y > 4
d. (0, -3) d. (0, -2 )
e. (6, 3) e. (-6, 0)

LESSON 3: GRAPHING LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

When the equal sign in a linear equation is replaced with an inequality sign, a linear inequality is formed.
LINEAR EQUATION LINEAR INEQUALITY
y = 3x + 1 y < 3x + 1
The solution consists of all points (x,y) The solution consists of all points (x,y)
that satisfy the equation. that satisfy the inequality.

The solution forms a line. The solution forms a region or half-

plane with the line as the border.

STEPS IN GRAPHING LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES

Graph the boundary line of the inequality as it was a line.
✓ If the inequality is < or > , make a dashed line.
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 ✓ If the inequality symbol is ≤ or ≥ , make a solid line.
Test a point.

✓ Choose a point (usually the origin (0,0)), substitute it into inequality and simplify to determine which
half-plane is the region of solution

Shade.

✓ If the coordinates of the point (x,y) satisfy the original inequality (the statement is TRUE), shade the same
side of the line as the point.
✓ If it is FALSE, shade the other side of the line.
✓ The shaded area represents the region of the solution.

Example 1 Graph y > 2x – 5.

STEP

STEP 1: Graph the boundary line of the inequality as it was a line.

The inequality y > 2x – 5 can be written as y = 2x – 5. Remember how to graph an equation in y = mx + b form.

1. 1 Identify the slope and the y – intercept

y = 2x - 5

slope(m) y – intercept (b)

2
m = 2 or 𝑏 = −5
1

2
1.2 Plot the y-intercept (𝑏 = −5 ) followed by the next points using the slope (m = 2 or ).
1

1.3 Connect the points according to the inequality sign used.

✓ if the inequality is < or > , make a dashed line.
✓ if the inequality symbol is ≤ or ≥ , make a solid line.
In inequality y > 2x – 5, the sign is > (greater than), thus,
we must use a dashed line.
STEP

Test a point. It is advisable to use the coordinates of the origin (0,0) as it is way easier to simplify.

(0,0) x= 0 , y = 0 Why TRUE? Look at the number

y > 2x – 5 line at the right. 0 is ABOVE -5. It
substitute: (0) > 2(0) – 5 implies that 0 is larger (number)
simplify: 0 > 0–5
than -5.
0 > - 5 TRUE
STEP

Shade.
Since the coordinates (0,0)

satisfies (the statement is TRUE)

1 inequality y > 2x – 5, shade the
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half-plane which contains (0,0).
 Activities
Acitivity 3.1: Color Me!

Shade the side of the plane divider where the solutions of the inequality are found.
Copy the graphs in your notebook. (see step 2 on how to graph linear inequality in two variables)

1. y < x + 4 2. y – x ≤ - 2 3. – x ≥ y – 3

Activity 3.2: Graph!

Graph the following in a cartesian plane separately. Use your own graphing paper.

1. y > 5x
2. y > x + 1
3. 2x + y ≤ 4

Lesson 4: Solving Problems Involving Linear Inequality in Two Variables

Example 1:
The bus has a left seat (l) and right seat (r) with a maximum seating capacity of 48 persons. If the right seat of the bus can
accommodate only 23 persons, then how many persons can sit on the left part of the bus?

Step 1: Identify the given:

• capacity = 48
• right seat = 23

Step 2: Write the mathematical statement: l + r ≤ 48

Step 3: Solve:
l + r ≤ 48
plug in the given: l + 23 ≤ 48
solve: l + 23 ≤ 48
-23 -23
l+0 25

Thus, l ≤ 25
Answer: A maximum of 25 persons can sit on the left part of the bus.

Activity 4
Instruction: In your notebook, solve the following problems.
1. Mr. Tony bought 4kg. of soya beans (s) and 3 kg of brown sugar (b) and paid of not more than Php 463. If a kilogram of
brown sugar is Php 45, how much is the cost of a kilogram of soya beans?
a. What are the given?
b. Write the mathematical statement.
c. How much is the cost of a kilogram of soya beans?

2. Jill wants to buy shorts (s) and t-shirts(t) and has less than P1000 to spend. A pair of shorts is P200 and a t-shirt costs
P100.
a. What are the given? c. Graph
b. Write the mathematical statement. d. If she’d buy 2 pairs of shorts, how many t-shirt could she have?

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 Remember

LESSON 1
The difference of linear inequality from linear equations in two variables:
• Linear equation uses equal sign “ = “ while linear inequality uses the symbols:
>, <, ≥, ≤.
• The graph of linear equation is a straight line while linear inequality is shaded half-plane.
LESSON 2
• Linear Inequality in Two Variables
- a mathematical statement that makes use of inequality symbols such as
>, <, ≥, ≤.
• An ordered pair is a solution if and only if it can satisfy the inequality.
• The shaded half-plane represents the solutions of the inequality.
• The points lie on solid boundary line are part of the solutions.
• The points lie on dashed boundary line are not part of the solutions.

LESSON 3
Graphing linear inequality:
• Graph the boundary line as it was a linear equation.
- Use slope-intercept form or by solving the x & y intercepts.
• Test a Point
- Substitute the coordinates of a point usually (0,0) to the inequality.
• Shade
- After testing a point, if the statement is true, shade the region which contains the point used in test
point. If false, shade the other half-plane which does not contain the point.
LESSON 4
In solving problems involving linear inequality in two variables, we must remember the following:
1. Identify the given.
2. Translate the problem into mathematical statement.
3. Solve by substitution (if one value is given) or solve by graphing.

Check your Understanding

A. 1 State whether each given ordered pair is a solution of the inequality. Write SOLUTION or NOT A
SOLUTION.
1. 3x + 2y > 10; (0, 5) 2. y ≥ 4 x + 1; (1, 7) 3. 6x < y - 5; (-3, -1)

B. 2 Choose which of the given ordered pairs are part of the solution of the given graph. Write only the
corresponding letter of your answer.

4 & 5. a. (4, 6)
b. (8, -3)
c. (-4, 1)
d. (5, 2)
e. (-1, -2)

C. Matching Type. Graph the following on separate cartesian planes. Write the corresponding letter of your
answer.
3
1. 𝑦 < 𝑥+2 2. 5x + 4y ≥ 20 3. -2y < 3x + 6 4. -4x - y ≤ - 7 5. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 > −18
5

A B C

D E F

Post-test
D. Answer the following:

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1.In San Jose High School basketball game, Paul made only 2-point field goals (x) and 1-point free throws (y). He made
no more than 12 points in the game. Find the combinations of field goals and free throws Paul could have made.

2. Mrs. Roxas gave the cashier Php 500-bill for 3 adult’s tickets(x) and 5 children’s tickets(y) that cost more than P400.
Suppose an adult ticket costs Php 75. What could be the cost of a children’s ticket?

Post-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A mathematical sentence in a form of : Ax + By < C Ax + By ≤ C Ax + By > C Ax + By ≥ C
,where A, B and C are real numbers and A & B cannot be both equal to zero is called _____.

a. Linear Expression b. Linear Equation c. Linear Inequality d. Linear Inequality in Two Variables

2. Which of the following is not an example of linear inequality in two variables?

a. y > 2x -1 b. a + b ≥ 5 c. 3x – y = 1 d. 5e < 3 + f

3. The boundary line of the graph of linear inequality in two variables is also called ________.
a. dashed line b. half-plane c. plane divider d. solid line

4. Which of the following ordered pairs is a solution of the inequality 2x + 6y ≤ 10?

a. (3, 1) b. (2, 2) c. (1, 2) d. (1, 0)

5. What linear inequality is represented by the graph at the right?

a. x - y > -2
b. x + y > -2
c. x - y > 2
d. x + y > 2

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 MATHEMATICS 8
Quarter 2 Week 1
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

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