31.10.

23
EXPERIMENT - 6

ALM: To implement the Static routing using CISCO packet Tracer.

IlfEPJiY:

Static Routing
Static routing is a form of routing that occurs when a router uses a manually-configured routifl•,J
entry, rather_ than information from dynamic routing traffic. In many cases, static routes are
manually configured by a network administrator by adding In entries Into a routing table, though this
. may not always be the case. Unlike dynamic routing, static routes are fixed and do not change 1f the
network is ·changed or reconfigured. Static routing and dynamic routing are not mutually exctusivP..
~ Both dynamic routing and static routing are usually used on a router to maxirr,izc routing efficiency
and to provide backups in case dynamic routing information falls to be exchanged. St :>tic: routinv r;a:;
also be used in stub networks, or to provide a gateway of last resort.

Limitations of Static Routing

1. Human error: In many ca'ses, static. routes are manually configured. This increases the polP.nti,,i
for input mistakes. Administrators can make mistakes and mistype in network information, or
configure incorrect ;outing paths by mistake.
2. Fault tolerance: Static routing is not fault tolerant. This means that when there is a change in thl
network or a failure occurs between two statically defined devices, traffic will not be re-routed. As ,
r~sult, the network is unusable until the failur~ is repairPd rv- the static rol!te is manu:ill'.
reconfigured by an administrator.
3. Administrative distance: Static routes typicalhuuutl! precedence over routes configur.1d ·ui!h .
dynamic routing protocol. This .means that staijnr,Jutes may prevent routing protocols fro!i1 w~t!dn•
~ as intended. A solution is to manually modify the administrative c.Jistance.

Uses of Static Routing

1. Static routing can be used to define an exit point from a router when no other routes ara c1vailc1bi
or necessary. This is called a defa ult rqute.
2. Static routing can be used for small networks that require only one or two routes. This is oftn
more efficient since a link is not being wasted by exchanging dynamic routing information
3·.. Static routing is often used as a complement to dynamic routing to provirle a fail safe backuµ, i~
dynamic rout~ is unavailable. .

4;· Static routing i!i often used to help transfer routing inforn.11nn 1111from on~ routing protocol I
another (ro~ting redistribution).
 TOPOLOGY:

10 10 10 1 10 10 I t. I

1 ,,
nn tr1 no er'2

L-,NI P. 112.1'8.I.0 I..All2 P: 192.168.2.0

Gateway. 112 188 , ., 01lev11y; 19'1.188.2. 1

.. PC-PT
PC1
·g»'PC-PT
PC2
□
«± ~
PC-PT
PC3
:.
. PC-PT
PC4
192.1682.3
192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 192.16822

STEPS TOEXECUTE EXPERIMENl' I

1. Drag 4 PC's, 2 switches and 2 ~ At:rs from the device menu.

~ '
1941
Al1941
Rouler1. Router2

-
~ -

-2960:-24TT
Sw~ch1
2960•24TT
Swlch2

QbPC-Pf
~p
PC.PT
PC1 PC2
 > ~11nl't'I , l'lllr r, wllh , w11, hM nn1l ,wllt hl'l\ wllh lhnlr I 11~1•, r<.•, mln11 n1111rori1111111, 11 ht111

~I II
r-)
1 II
n ,1 no ,,

3. Enable the routers with HWIC-2T adapter(HIBh Speed WAN 1/f cable).

-~ Routtt1 D X

Pn)-alc:al

UODUI.ES
--
Config

I,
-CU Allrbulea

Phyakal Devce View

HWC-1GE-SFP
-
_ Zoom '1 · ____ JI_____Or1gk11l SIU _ _ __JL__ Zoom Out _ . _ _]
HWC.:zT

- H\VC-4ESW
. --
HVIC-aA
------
WC-Cover
GLC-Ui-SIAO

,'!9 Router2. D X

Pnyslcal Config CU AIOIOUIH

Physk:al Device V-.aw

Zoom In _II _ ZoomOut

.....,,.
. .,.,co

t
GLWl•SUO
---·-
4 , Conncc1 1011\N~ In 1hn 1t11lt11lrl11nl I AN '\ wllh ~•11 lnl 1•11hh,:
•

~'"j1•.,.- -...rs- -....

I 41
R rl

2
wlcl ~

\,
PC-PT
POI
~-- PC-PT
PC2:
PC-PT
PC3
JJ

S. Configure PC's settings and set their IP configuration in both the networks respectively.

□ X

Pllysic:11 Co~no Oe&\too PIQI ' I Ahllbulu

- - --- ----- - - ------- --,
r co.,r.,, ·al,on
-.Jtr11te !'r-;",lf.ii,:
.·
-··r~
- ~ - - - - -...,..· - -- av]
··-'--
fl Confiollflllln

QOHCP @Slltc

Pi4Ad4rei.s l 1t2,l6'1.2
Subnet Unk 12~.2~s 2.s.u
Otf111I Gllew1y 1,t2.16a.1.1
OHS Sctvcr 10.0.0.0
- ---,----
.. -- . . ...... -- .-. - - - - - - - - - - 'I.
-
•'!' PC2 D X

Pltysal Conllg 'oeaklop Progr1,rrrning Alltllkltas

httffac. !f111Etllernft0
P Conflgurellon

0 DHCP

PifA6clrt11

5ubllc1 IIHk lmu, ,.o

0.1,ul 011tw1y 111 ,.,ea.1.1
0115S.rver· 10.0 0 0
 ,
~rn rI I

"''""'~
"c~""'"'•'""
tuttl!ltt"tlO
~,
(\ OHC'I'
® s1111e

~., ,ie, 1
SubnflUu l
[m~ssmo
Dtl1u1 G1'1tw1y
' [ 1t2 IU1 I
DNSSft\"tr
[o.oo o

~ P(4
□ X

Alr lctl COIi!,; Oollcp Pro9111ffl't19 AftrlblJtu

t11e11, ~ [FnlfllltmtlO V

PCon~to.,

0 OIICP @ Static
PvCAC<lrua [19Z.16S.U
S<l~ Uut [2ss25s :iss.o ·
Deltut Gll~way [192.1~H.1
OIIS Servel [o.o.o.o

6. Oick each r~uter and configure their GigaEtho ," ·""'11.7 serial port interfpces to establlish connection.

a) Routers GigaEthernet configuraUz.iu

·.~ Routctl D X

PllyK:al Ccn 119 cu AllttXnH

GLOBAL . GlgabCfthernelOIO

.=a -~.!!9$ -~ -~ ;>ort Stalus 0on

~orithm ~ Bandwldtll .. 10CO ~lbp\ 100 rJt,p, 10 IJt~\ 0 Auto
ROUTING
Duplex Holl Duplo ful Cupiu@ Auto
Static
- ·- -RJP l,IAC Md/lU Jooos.suu101
---=--~~.....:.:-.
fl Conflgure!lon
-
- l)YIT~ ~G-. a·
P,,AddrtH 1192.168.1.1
VLAH Ootal>asc
-=-~~
!NfatfACE
~:..:=-:

G in ebitf:lhcme10/0
Sullllelt.l■st :255.25S.25S.0
I
~•l>itEd!!!!!.etDJ~ Tx~gUnl j,o I
- . scrilToiiio
=·-s_e'ri1197ji1 - -
 II /
f ,.,.,,.,,:
~,,lt'Ol ~

fil «'11111
!lfll-.et
t i!
·"-" ~"'""~'"" f;I[,,~,
I
11lcr11rllhm f '"'"'' ~.....'""'_.'
~ ,,,~••• r• "C lltf t ,~u,r , @ l tM
IIOIIUl'ffl
b...... 1< 1 I 0-, 1-. , ,.11,,.... fi! , ...
SIMo<
1ur
~,c,.,,,., ~oe, ..,,uot
5'\\lllOIIN G
\ '\AN Ot11ba11
INTC.,'ACf!
l' C.,, ..........
...U tdrOt
Slitlftt1 Utt I
,..~,,
rr"mm ]
G,oabllelht"'•I0/1
SenalD/1/0
Tlt 111'11 l .... ~
SenalO:t/ 1

b) Routers Serial Interface configuration

0 X
~ Route1

s..l0/1/D
GU)IW..
Setunos 0on
Pon Slallll
Alao"lthtn setnna,
IIOUTIMG
01,pJa " '· f ul Ouplcll
§ooo!o - V
Cl>cl. Ralc
_ _ _Static_
RIP
---
- SWITOflN C I fl Configumon
PY• AddrcH
Sullat l 11111'
1192.169.2.1
2SS 2SS.2SS.O
_ VL»l ,Q_mbasc

-- INTBlFACE
--:.--
G,gabcahernct0/0 Tx Rllg ~ I
G i o ~ cw11
Serial0/1/0

□ X

~ Coo' QJ Allrllula

,, . ---- ~G/110
·- --
__ (1LD~ ·---··
= -ScUl119s po,! Slllus 0 0fl
:~~ " Po,iplcx f ul Ou;~l
11200 ____ ·--
-- ... .. . -...,
= :J IOUTJNG
Clodc AIII
~ µ,
- ·
- . RJP fl ~n flgl,r,llon
PY•Add111I 1••2m.1.1
-- liWJTOfJNG
-
VLNI O,tobtse
IHTfRFACf
!.u1N111Uut
- -
m2ss m.o
.
I
1,o
_G~ !bftE~ ~r!!etOLf
Gigobitahemet0/1
Tx ll)lgl.m
I
· Scnat0/1/0
 ~ Anu1,t1
rJ
l'IIV'IN!t .Ji og l:al CLI lllltlllutn

GlOIIAl
Sttt,noa tll•llc n11utu
Algor,thm Slltt1no1 1te1wo11 jit, 188 2 o
[
ltOUHNG
Sl1tic -- IAUl § 2 5:s:-=,7'~,.~a~=========-==-= I
RIP I
lltx1 Hop 10 10 11 1
I
S\VlTOU NG
\fl.AN Datebas , - ·l AM

INTERFACE
G1g1b,tethe met0/0 -
lltl\YOIL Addrtll
G,geb,tElhemet0/ 1
1192 168 2 0'2h• 10 10.11 I

~ ~ Rovta2
D

Ptlyslc:al @ CU Attrtlutes
~

~LOBAL ,.
l ...:C
-
-Algonthm Settings
--,,
lletwort 1192.168.1.0
Settings
ROUTIN
. -G
-
1Jut jzss.2SS-'

- --RIP
- ----
static

--
llext Hop ~ =-=======================
.)J: _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J

SWITCHING
-- VlAN 011t1'b11se
---
-- - - -·
lNTERFACE -
- - - -
.E!911 bitfthcr!'c~o/p
lletwortAddren

-Gigabltfthcmet0
-=-/1 192. 168.1.0/24 VII 10.10.10.1

ti) 8. Now for testing, select Simple POU and then check for different combinations:

af PCl as source and PC3 as destination

Simulation Panel

Event list
VIS. Trne(sec) Last Device
0.000
0.001 PC1
0.002. Swlch1
0.003 Router I
0.004 Pt •
0.00!- H&ch2
PC3
 •~ I~ IJ I If I~ I I I

lk~I f' l t Jlet It LNIJI' 1'7 IMlt

o......., I t) ltt 1 I 0 ...,.,., lt1 ltU I

,,
l'C-PT
l'CJ
11111113 111111 11 lt2.1Cl2>

b) PC4 as source and PC2 as destination

Simulation Panel
fvent list
Vis. Tlme(HC) Lest Oevlce
0.0110
0.0111 PC4
0.0(12 Swlcfl2
0.003 Router2
0,0114 Router1
0.005 Swftch1
0.006 PC2

10,1010.1 10.1 0.11 •

,. Ro

f
l
r1

WI P. 112.163.1.0 LAH2fl: 1!12.16&20

0,IIW9Y 112.11&1.I 0111w1y: 112. IR2. I

PC,P7
PCI
,,
PC-PT
PC1
:, d.
PCPT
PCl ~
-
192.181.IJ ltl,1&417 192.1611)
112.le&.12
 COMMAND_S_t O_CJ:lE_CK C_ONNECTIVITY:

Packet Tracor PC Command Lino I.O

C:\>pi~ 19lf6S.1.1

Pi,wr,w
· J9l l6S.1.} with 32 bytt.'s of d11t,1:
,·

z:pri: ~m 1921
191-16S.Zl· bytes=::.12 time•24ms 7Tl•/26
R/i.
R,'Pf
ep y
:m
m 68.2.2· bytes=32 h'me=lms 7Tl=126
19216$.2.2.· b)'te5=::J2 time ..16ms 7Tl•126
m 192-168.2.2· bytes=::.12 fime-=zJOms 7Tl•J26

Ping ~tistics for 19216S.2.2.·

Pdckets:_Senr = 4, Rec-ei,m •./.,Lost• o (0% Joss),
AP_p~u,te round tn'p times in mi/Ii-seconds:
Mimmum = Jms, MRAimum ""/.Jms, A vemse .. 12ms

~C-\>ping 192168.2.3 _

Pinging 192.168.23 witl131 bytes of d;,m:

Request timed out.

ReplJ' from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=-lms 7Tl • ft'
Reply from 192.1682.3: bytes=32 time=lms 7Tl=J26
Reply from 192.lM.2.3: bytes::32 lime=2ms 7Tl=126

Ping statisbcs for 192.168.23:

Packets: Sent= 4, Received:=$ last = 1 (25% Joss),
App(O)(imate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum =Jms, Maximum =2ms, Average = 1ms

C-I >ping 192.168.1.3

Pinging 192.168.J.3 with 32 bytes ofdatil:
. . . . . :

tlf'_eply from 192168.1.3: bytes=32 time<fms '[Tl~l28

· ReplJ' from 192168.1.1· bytes=32 bme<1nt,; 7Tl=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=31 time"'lms 7TL=128
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 /Jme<Jrru 7Tl:z128

Ping statistics/or 192168.1.3:

Packets:Sent= 4, Received= 4, last = 0 (0% Joss),
Approximate round trip times in nu'Jli-seconds:
Minimum = Oms, Maximum = Jms, A vl!l"ilge

Packet Tracer PC Command Line 2.0

C-I >ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192168.2.2 with 32 byte.,; old11t11:
I
A'q ,frft" m 102. 1(,s 22_.
A',y,(,· ftom 1
fQ}. 16.'l · ·. 'J 'lf'.,•-.J2 llm,,,.,20111.,; 7'/'Le/ 26
2
Nc.•p (,· fn,111 192. 168..1,. by tt•.~-J1 tim,.,..7m,,; 1"/'l• /26
u,, , I r. .2.2. b1,1c•r;•"" 1·
" 'I'." ,rom 192.16.9 . · · .u 11111.•"'lms 77te/26
• •
.2.2. b111,,~-"" 1·
✓ ... , u. m,c.• •11ms 7il•l26
Ping st<1listics lo ·
Pr1ckers: Sent.,, r 192.1~2.2:
A 4, Recewed"' 4 l
ppro.,1in,ue rou d . . , osl • 0 (0% loss),
Minimum.,, lms ~ fnf hmes.1i1 mi/Ii-seconds:
, R,\7mum ,,. 20ms, JI vern9e • Bms .

~-1>ping 192.168.2.3 .
Pinging 192168.2 .
· · .3 will, 32 bytes ofdnlll:

Reply from 192 ·

R I l68.23: bytes=32 hine=19ms 7Tl=126
R:PJ' from 192168.2.J: bytes-32 time"'1ms 7Tl=126
RPJ' from 192168.23: bytes=32 time=Jms 7Tl=126
~ epry from l92.168.23: bytes=32 fline=10ms 7Tl=126

~ ng statistics for 192168.2.3:

1 Pack~ts:_Sent =4, Received= 4; lost= 0 (0%Joss),
I. AP_P:°XlII18!_e round ln°(' bines in mi/Ii-seconds:
Minimum - ~ Maximum = 19ms, Average= 7ms

Packet Tracer PC Command.Line 3.0

c I >ping 192 ~69:1.2 .
Pinging 192168.1.2 with 32 bytes ofdata:

R~ply from 192168.1.2: bytes=32 bine=1ms 7Tl=126

Reply from 192.168.1.2· bytes=32 time=lms m=126
Reply from !92.168.1.2· bytes=32 time=lms m=126
Reply from 192168.1.2· bytes=32 bine=lms TFL=126

"ing statisti<:s for 192168.J.2·

~-✓ ackets: Sent= 4; Received= 4, lost= 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round uip limes in mi/Ji-seconds:
Minimum =1ms, Maximum =1ms, Average= lms

c I>ping 192168.1.3
Pinging 1921~1,3 with 32 bytes ofdata:

Reply from 192168.1.3: bytes&::32 time=lms TFL=126

Reply from 19?,168.1.3: bytes=32.lime=!ms TFL=12Q
Reply from 192168.1.3: byles=32 time=lOms 1Tf.W ·
Reply from 192168.1.J: bytes=32 time=12m.r..'\'i.J·'126

Ping statistics for 192168.1.3:

Packets:Sent= 4, Received= 4, lo~, ,,. 0 (0% loss),
 Ap1>1n,im,1t1• n,1111 i 1 ,• .
Alf11l11111m • 1,11. /, "!' 111111'1" l11 11111//..,,·,.nmi/.'I:
,
· mu• 12ms, II ,,,.,m 1,· • 6111."
, ,,, 11'111\'IIII
1
Packot Trac
or pC Commnnd Lino 4,0
C·\.>ping 192.16$.J, 2

Pi11.gi1i.g J92J6S I, .
. · · ·• "'''" 32 byt1.•s ot'd11/n:

~"11;" lrom 19llfi.'l1.2: byt1.•s~2 tinw 1ms 1Tlo126.

0

~'-'P~' Imm 192.16~U.2: byh.1s•J2 tinlL'•Jms 111°126

\t.ply f~m 192.16$.J.2: byt,•s=!J2 /imer:zJms JTL 126 0

Rep{I' from ]92.168.1.2: bJ lt s=J2 hi11er:z2m~ 1Tl=126 .

1 1

P,ing st,1tistics for·19iJ68.J.2:

P~ckets: Sent= 4, Rec,.>i11ed =4 lost= O(0% loss),
1

Approximnte round trip tinws in 11111/i-seconds:

~'nimuni =Jms Mnximum =2ms A ver11ge =Jms
1 1

C\ >ping 192)68.1.3
~ P1ngJi1g 192.168.1.3 witil 32 bytes ofd,,t,1:

ReplJ 1 from 192.168.1.3: bytes=:/2 time=Jms ITL=126 .

Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=J7ms ITL=126
Repl)' from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms 1Tl=126
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=J0111s ITl=126

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3:

Packets: Sent= 4, Received= 4, lost= 0 (0% Joss),
Approximate found trip Hmes i11 mi/Ji-seconds:
M/nimum =2ms, Mt1ximum =11ms, Aver.age= 9ms