Analytical Geometry
Grade 10
Lorraine Burgess
ATP -2023 – 2 weeks
• Represent amongst others geometric shapes on a Cartesian
coordinates system
• Derive and apply for any two points (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 ) the
formulae for calculating the:
• Distance between the two points;
• Gradient of the line segment connecting two points )and from that identify
parallel and perpendicular lines); and
• Coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the two points
ATP
• Between 2 points
Distance • Formula Geometrical shapes
• Formula
Gradient • Parallel lines
• Perpendicular lines Triangles
Known quads
• Line segment
Midpoint
ATP -2023 – 2 weeks
• Represent amongst others geometric shapes on a Cartesian
coordinates system
• Derive and apply for any two points (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ) and (𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 ) the
formulae for calculating the:
• Distance between the two points;
• Gradient of the line segment connecting two points )and from that identify
parallel and perpendicular lines); and
• Coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the two points
Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Week 1 Length Length Length Gradient Gradient
Week 2 Gradient Midpoint Midpoint Midpoint Consolidation
• Is this realistic?
• Would you cover everything with this kind of
Planning planning?
• What is not taken into account?
Pre-knowledge
• Plotting of points on Cartesian plane
• Coordinates of a point
• Substitution
• This must be stressed throughout the 2 week period
Plotting of Points
• Emphasis on plotting points correctly.
• 3; 4 - the x- value is 3 and the y value is 4
• Siyavula textbook.
https://www.siyavula.com/read/za/mathem
atics/grade-10
• Types of question
• Points given
• Read coordinates from graph
Types of questions:
Write down the
coordinates.
Which point is situated
at…
What is the length of
AC?
Possible task for learners
• Provide grid to plot points
• (-1;3) ; (4;2); (-3;-1) and (2;-2)
• Join points – discuss the type of
shape
• Revise geometrical shape.
Trapezium
Quadrilaterals
JIT Review
The introduction – distance formula
• Plot 2 point on a cartesian plane
• 1; 1 and 5; 4 (5; 4)
• Allow learners to explore (1; 1)
4
• Counting of blocks
• Pythagoras
The introduction – distance formula
• Plot 2 point on a cartesian plane
• 1; 1 and 5; 4 (𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 )
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
• Same diagram (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ) 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑑= (𝑥2 −𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Use Geogebra
easy application
• Change the points
• Check answers
• Learners need to use the distance formula
• Only show 1 example
Advantages?
Applications
• Types
1. Determine the distance between the points A(2; 3) and B(7; 15)
2. Given:
Watch out for:
• Incorrect substitution
• Emphasize the
importance of
brackets. Eg
1 – (−3) = 1 + 3
• Use of calculator
• Determine the length of CD.
• Show that ACD is an isosceles triangle.
Geometric Shapes -JIT revision
Chart on wall
• Triangle
Scalene
Equilateral Isosceles
• Concepts that can be tested : Sides; Types; Area; Perimeter
Length is given – determine the coordinate.
• Example:
Working
• If 𝐴𝐵 = 50, with A(8; -2) and B( 1;e), determine
backwards the value of 𝑒.
𝐴𝐵 = 50
8 − 1 2 + −2 − 𝑒 2 = 50
Level 3 72 + (4 + 4𝑒 + 𝑒 2 ) = 50
49 + 4𝑒 + 𝑒 2 = 50
𝑒 2 + 4𝑒 + 53 − 50 = 0
𝑒 2 + 4𝑒 + 3 = 0
𝑒+1 𝑒+3 =0
𝑒 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 = −3
Gradient; Slope; steepness
Gr 9
• Concept is not new to learners – The Line
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑦
𝑚=
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= 1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
3−7
𝑚=
−2 − (−5) 2
4
𝑚=−
3
Applications
• Determine the gradient of the
line AB if A(-2;1) and B(3;2)
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 B(3;2)
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 A(-2;1)
2−1
=
3 − (−2)
1
=
3+2
1
=
5
Perpendicular and parallel Lines
If lines are parallel, then the
gradients are equal.
If lines are perpendicular,
then the product of the
gradients is -1.
With or without
With technology Without technology
• Plot points and determine the
• Geogebra gradients
• What do you notice?
Applications – Exam Gauteng (Nov 2022)
Types of Questions
3.1 Direct application L1
3.2 Direct application L2 routine
3.3 Direct application L2 routine
3.4 Prove that … Level 3
Midpoint of line segment
• Easy start
• Find the mid value between 12 and 30.
• Link the idea to the Mean in data
12+30 42
• 2 = = 21
2
• Check
18
+9 +9 30
12
21
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒑𝒏𝒕 ;
𝟐 𝟐
Midpoint
• Determine the coordinates
of C the midpoint of AB.
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑛𝑡 ;
2 2
6−2 2−4
𝐶 ;
2 2
4 2
𝐶 ;−
2 2
𝐶 2; −1
Types
What is given?
What is the
question?
What is needed?
Prove that …
Consider the sketch and answer the
questions that follows:
1. Prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.
2. Determine whether ABCD is a
rhombus using:
(a) the sides
(b) The diagonals
Examination Guidelines
Grade 10 Grade 12
2015 2021
1. Prove the properties of polygons by
1. Prove that the properties of polygons by using analytical methods.
using analytical methods. 2. The concept of collinearity must be
2. The concept of collinearity must be understood.
understood.
3. Candidates are expected to be able to
3. Candidates are expected to be able to integrate Euclidean Geometry axioms
integrate Euclidean Geometry axioms and and theorems into Analytical Geometry
theorems into Analytical Geometry problems.
problems. 4. The length of a tangent from a point
4. Concepts of concurrency will not be outside the circle should be calculated.
examined.
5. Concepts involved with concurrency
will not be examined.
Paper 2
Grade 10
Nov 2017
DBE
Paper 2
Grade 12
November
2020 (2)
Classroom Management
Keep notes short
Formulae and important facts only
Engage learners from the You are the facilitator Do not work out all the Do not ask your learners to
very first minute homework problems of the work out problems on the
previous day on the board. board
Teach like a Champion!
• The lesson:
• Do now – settles learners quickly and actively
participating from the start!
• No- opt out strategy
• Encourage learners to actively be involve during the
lesson
Let’s see
• How can you show that
the coordinates of C are
(8;0)?
• Are there any clues?
Summary
• Be prepared for your lesson
• Adapt your planning as needed
• Apply the NO-opt strategy for the next 2 weeks in order to give feedback or
challenges.
• No formula sheets is allowed in Grade 10.
• A do-now task is short and brief. It could be as simple as writing down the
formulae
• Be on the lookout for common errors
• Wrong substitution
• Incorrect formulae etc
• It is an easy section – maximum marks should be attained in Analytical
Geometry
Enjoy teaching Analytical Geometry!
• Thank you
• Till we meet again!
