Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education-National Capital Region
Schools Division of Pasay
PHILIPPINE
POLITICS
&
GOVERNANCE
POLITICS
Origin of Politics (Zaide, 1983)
• Polis – city-state
• Polites – citizens
• Politikos – government officials
POLITICS
▪ The word “politics” comes from the
word “polis” meaning a Greek City
State.
▪ The world “politics” in political science
means “struggle for power”.
POLITICS
▪ Politics can change the status quo of
the state.
▪ Political science can be described as
“the branch of social science which
deals with the study of State and
Government”
POLITICS
❖Politics is a part of man’s
rational being.
❖“Man by nature is political
animal.”
POLITICS
The Political System (1953)
“Politics involves the authoritative
allocation of values for a society”
POLITICS
“Politics is the collective decision-making or
the making of public policies for an entire
society.”
POLITICS
“Politics is the exercise of power”
POLITICS AS A SCIENCE
❖Political science is branch of social
science which deals with the study of
state and its elements.
❖It begins and ends with a state.
❖It investigates phenomena and
hypothesis.
ELEMENTS TO BECOME A SCIENCE
Body of knowledge
Based on facts
Deals with experiments
Observation
BASIC CONCEPT IN POLITICS
ACCORDING TO PLATO AND ARISTOTLE
Justice - What and who is morally and
politically right.
Power - source of authority
The right types of constitutions and
governments – different types of governments
and states.
Political structure- different ideologies in a
state.
Right and virtuous leadership – who
should lead in a certain political system
POLITICAL SETTINGS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Presidential form of government
• Power is equally divided among its three
branches
➢ Executive
➢ Legislative
➢ Judicial
• The government seeks to act in the best
interest of its citizens through this system
of check and balance
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
• The word “governance” came from the
latin verb “gubernare” or more
originally from the Greek word
“kubernaein” which means “to steer.”
GOVERNANCE
• Refers to the manner of steering or
governing, or of directing and
controlling, a group of people or a
state.
GOVERNANCE
• Exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of
their country’s citizens or subjects.
• Exercise of power or authority by
political leaders for the well-being of
their country’s citizens or subjects.
GOVERNANCE
• The power exercised by the participating
sectors of the society is always for the
common good.
• A great deal about governance is the proper
and effective utilization of resources.
GOVERNANCE
CONCEPTS:
• Governance is synonyms of government,
“the act or process of governing,
specifically authoritative direction and
control”. Webster’s Third New International
Dictionary (1986:982)
GOVERNANCE
• Governance involves interaction
between the formal institutions and
those in civil society.
• A process whereby elements in society wield
power, authority and influence and enact
policies and decisions concerning public life
and social upliftment.
GOVERNANCE
• Not only encompasses but transcends
the collective meaning of related
concepts like the state, government,
regime and good government.
GOVERNANCE
John Healey and Mark Robinson define “good
government” as follows:
❑ It implies a high level of organizational effectiveness in
relation to policy-formulation and the policies actually
pursued.
GOVERNANCE
❑Implies accountability, transparency,
participation, openness and the Rule
of law.
GOVERNANCE
8 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE
• Rule of Law- requires fair legal frameworks.
• Responsiveness- organizations and their
processes are designed to serve the bests
interests of stakeholders within a
reasonable time frame.
GOVERNANCE
• Transparency- Information should be
provided in easily, accessible and
understandable forms and media
• Consensus Oriented- consultation to
understand the different interests of
stakeholders
GOVERNANCE
• Equity and Inclusiveness- The organization
that provides the opportunity for its
stakeholders
• Effectiveness and Efficiency- To produce
favorable results meet the needs of its
stakeholders
GOVERNANCE
• Accountability- Accountable for what
should be documented in policy
statements.
• Participation- Participation by both
men and women, either directly or
through legitimate representatives
GOVERNANCE
CHARACTERISTICS OF BAD
GOVERNANCE
• Cheating against the wills of many
citizens
• Lack of transparency and
accountability
GOVERNANCE
• Corruption and Crimes
• Inefficient bureaucracies
• Poor quality of services
• Non responsiveness
GOVERNANCE
• Low citizen engagement and trust
• Old-fashioned leadership
• Resistance to innovation in Government
GOVERNMENT
VS
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNMENT
• Government is a group of people who rule
or run the administration of a country.
• Government is the medium through which
the power of the state is employed.
GOVERNMENT
• It may be different types
➢ Democracy
➢ Autocracy
GOVERNMENT
• The government may be labeled as good or
bad according to their ways of working for
the good of the people.
GOVERNANCE
• The act of governing or ruling.
• It is the set of rules and laws framed by the
government that are to be implemented
through the representatives of the state.
GOVERNANCE
Governance may be of various types:
• Global Governance
• Corporate Governance
• Project
• Information Technology
• Participatory
• Non-Profit and a few others
Importance of Politics,
Government and Governance
✓ Government and politics impacts nearly
every aspect of our lives.
✓Having knowledge of politics helps make
you an informed voter.
