GOKUL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

SIDHPUR, PATAN

HANSABA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY

Project Report
On

“SMARTPHONE CONTROL SPEEDING DEVICE”

Under the course of

Project-I
Semester – V
(Mechanical Engineering)

Submitted by:

Sr. Name of student Enrolment No.

1. RAVAL SIDDHKUMAR ARVINDBHAI FED2100122063
2. PANCHAL JIGAR HITESHBHAI FED2200122320
3. PATEL SAHIL BHARATBHAI FED2200122334
JADAV CHETANKUMAR
4. FED2200122307
MAHENDRABHAI
5. TIWARI VINAYAK MANOJBHAI FED2100122081

Prof. Vipulsinh Rajput Prof. K. D. Parmar

(Faculty Guide) Head of the Department

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 DECLARATION
We, student of DIPLOMA ENGINEERING under Department of
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of GOKUL GLOBAL
UNIVERSITY , SIDHPUR hereby declare that all the information
furnished in this capstone project report is based on my own intensive
research and is genuine.
This report does not, to the best of my knowledge, contain part of my work
which has been submitted for the award of my degree either of this
university or any other university with out proper citation.

Date:Signature of the students

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 Acknowledgement

This Project shall be incomplete if do not convey our heartfelt gratitude to

Those people from whom we got considerable support and encouragement during
This project. Many people have helped, provided direction, technical information
and advice at all stages and it’s our pleasure to say a lot of thanks to all of them.

We are deeply indebted to Ms.D.M.HARWANI.for his motivational support

and Providing all necessary facilities during our project work. Will always remain
Grateful to him who has been a consistence source of encouragement and constant
Care about us provided us a new direction of working.

Lastly, our warm thanks to our loving teacher and all our supportive well-
Wishers for all that we’ll always be.

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 Abstract
Objective: The field of robotics can be modified with the combination of
number of approaches such as, mechanical approach, software technology
and electronic control system approach together. In the period of current
globalization, scientists are trying to apprise advancements based on
robotics which operates and performs tasks very effectively, efficiently and
in lesser time. These progressions can be utilized to improve Indian
traditional approach of farming. Since in Indian scenario, near about 70%
population is reliant on agriculture. So the agricultural field in India should
be improved to increase the yield. Agree rover is the best solution to meet
the rising demand on quantity and quality of agriculture products and
declining labor availability in rural farming areas. The main aim of the
designed system is efficient utilization of resources and to reduce a
laborious work.
Method: The seed sowing operation is performed by the system using
servomotor mechanism controlled by ARDUINO controller and robot motion
is controlled by Internet of Things (IoT). The necessities for small scale
seeding machines are, the system should be suitable for small field, simple
in design and technology and ease of handling.
Findings: The developed Solar Seeding satisfies all those parameters
also reduce the human interference. Also increased speed of seed sowing,
seed placement precisions made it usable.
Improvement: Solar Seeding made of tough yet less cost material which
made it low-cost for the small scale farmers.

Keywords and Phrases: Internet of Things; Blink; ARDUINO controller;

Solar Seeding ;Seedsowingsystem

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 Index
SR. CONTENT. PAGE
NO. NO.
Acknowledgement 9
Abstracts 10
Chapter 1- Introduction 12
Chapter 2 – Design Of Solar Seeding Machine 14
Chapter 3- Control system design 16
Chapter 4 -Hardware selection and implementation 19
Used components
4.1 Arduino uno 21
4.2 Atmegha328 22
4.3 cables 23
4.4 GPP board 24
4.5 Dc motor 25
4.6 L293d motor driver ic 26
4.7 Bluetooth module 27
4.8 Solar plate 28
Chapter 5- Summary and future scope 29

Chapter 6- Costing 30
Chapter 7- Conclusion & reference 31-32

Figure table
Sr.no figure Name Page No
1 Seeding mechanism 16
2 Tapered feeder 16
3 CAD model of seeding 17
mechanism
4 Seed storage tank 22
5 Arduino Uno 24
6 Atmegha328 25
7 Cable 26
8 Gpp 27
9 Dc motor 28
10 L293D driver ic 30
11 Bluetooth 31
12 Solar plate 32

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 1. Introduction
A robot is handled in electro-mechanically to do operations precisely but quicker way. They
have substituted human beings in performing perilous tasks which humans desire not to do, or
are incompetent to do. Rover is modern autonomous robot which will move according to the will
of operator. An Solar Seeding is the rover which can accomplish agricultural tasks. Different
types of rovers can be used to do functions like spraying, fruit picking etc in the farm. Guilherme
et al have reviewed the developments of vision for mobile robot navigation for the last 20 years.
This review has surveyed various aspects of the progress made so far in vision for mobile robot
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indoor and outdoor navigation . Simon Blackmore et al have dealt with how aspects of crop
production could be automated in the future. The development process may be incremental but
the overall concept requires a paradigm shift in the way we think about mechanization for crop
production that is based more on plant needs and novel ways of meeting them rather than
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modifying existing techniques . Albert et al have presented the design and application of a
distributed wireless sensor network prototyping system for tracking mobile search and rescue
robots. The robotic system can navigate autonomously into rubbles and to search for living
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human body heat using its thermal array sensor . Domingo et al have developed an advanced
localization system for both the autonomous tractors and the human operator.

From the above literature survey it can be seen that, existing seeding techniques are either
complex or time consuming. Also wastage of seeds, lack of man power and several other aspects
affects the yield production. Automation in agricultural field is required to overcome those
shortcomings. In this research, existing complex seeding mechanisms were replaced by the
simple flap and servomotor mechanism which improves accuracy and precision of seeding.
Similarly in robot control system, most of the literatures use accelerometers, flex sensors, RF
modules and Wi-Fi technology to control the robot which are having certain disadvantages.
These can only control robots up to a certain radius, but controlling the robot from remote
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location can be achieved by using Internet of Things . There are some real world problems such
as lack of control options in field such as agricultural applications.

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These problems can be minimized by using IoT as the medium of communication. Further, the
conceptual design of Solar Seeding and seeding mechanism are discussed in section 2, Control
system design is explained in section 3, Hardware selection and implementation of Solar Seeding
is briefly mentioned in section 4, software implementation and experimental prototype are
explained in section 5and 6, summary of the developed IoT controlled Solar Seeding with future
scope

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 2. Design Of Solar Seeding Machine

Figure 1 shows the proposed system of Solar seeding which has DC motor fixed at the
bottom of the frame. A cardboard flap has been mounted on the shaft of the servomotor. The
hole is made at the end for the free fall of seed. The entire assembly is mounted on the body
of the rover.

Figure 1 seeding mechanism Figure 2 tapered feeder

The developed system uses a simple and less complex mechanism for the seed sowing. As
shown in Figure 2, mechanism contains a tapered feeder, a servomotor driven by the ARDUINO
controller and one flap having opening. Arduino program is developed in such way that it
Arduino UNO is used to control angular speed of the motor and ultimately the opening and
closing of the container. The time delay for opening and closing of the feeder can be adjusted by
varying the Arduino programming. Using different time delay seed falling distance can be varied
in the actual environment.

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Figure 3: CAD Model of Seeding Mechanism

Container mounted on the upper part of the rover contains seeds to be sowed. The tapered
container is provided with an opening which is extended up to the lower step of the rover.
Container acts as a feeder which continuously provides the seeds. This feeder holds half
kilogram of seeds at a time. This capacity of holding seeds can be varied as per the requirement.
Considering variation in diameter of seeds ranging from 2.5 mm to 9mm, the feeder has given 13
mm hole at the end. The same diameter hole is drilled at the base of an agri-rover to ensure free
fall of seed. To control the seed flow, the container opening is provided with the flap which is
coupled with the servomotor shaft.

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 3. Control system design

The control system of solar seeding, Android Smartphone is connected to the Blink server.
Server developed a specific key for the particular project which was created according to the
required. Entering this unique key into HC-05-Arduino connection program device got
connected with the server. Here, Blynk server is used for IoT. ESP8266-12 Wi-Fi modules/ HC-
05 Bluetooth are connected to the same server by using unique key provided by the Blink server.
ESP8266 module is connected to any Wi-Fi hotspot with same SSID and password as provided
in the interfacing program. Control signals are transferred from GUI of application to the ISP of
Blynk server. Wi-Fi module receives the control signals from the Wi-Fi router provided with
internet connectivity. This module is further connected with DC motors via Arduino UNO
controller. The four push buttons were added for forward, backward, right, left motion of Agri-
Rover. Specific pins are configured for each motion using application feature. This will send
high / Low signals to the Wi-Fi module. When pin configured to the particular push buttons
becomes high it gets converted into the specific commands by Arduino and is passed to the DC
motor to achieve the desired motion.

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 Block diagram of the proposed system

In this design, the drive shaft directly controls the seed metering mechanism which
eliminates completely attachments such as pulleys, belts system, thereby eliminating
complexities which increase the cost, and increasing efficiency at a highly reduced cost which is
the focus of this project work. This system is very much beneficial to all farmers because the
wastage of seeds and more man power are avoided for that system. Also the time to be saves. All
facilities to be provided in automatic seed sowing machine. In seed sowing machine system they
are used battery powered wheels and dc motor inbuilt in these wheels. In this system seed
storage tank are used .when the seeds are empty it detect the level of storage seed and indicate
the alarm. When any obstacle comes in the in-front of machine or divert path the seed sowing
machine can detect this obstacle very easily. The end of system machine reached and it create
alarm.This system provides to all the facility which can work efficiently. Also the farmer can
sow the seed very much easily. As well as time will be save. This system is very useable to
farmer .seed can be sow automatically.

In this system the seed storage tank are used .when the seeds are empty it detect the level
of storage seed and indicate the alarm. When any obstacle comes in the in-front of machine or

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divert path the seed sowing machine can detect this obstacle very easily. In each complete
rotation of rotating wheel there is seeds falls from this seed drum and the seed plantation process
can taken place smoothly as well as without wastage of seeds. The end of system machine
reached and it create an alarm.This system provides the entire facility and farmer sow the seeds
very easily.

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4 Hardware selection and implementation
The hardware components of Solar Seeding and its implementations are briefly explained in
this section

DESIGN OF SEED SOWING MACHINE

The fig.4.shows the detailed drawing of seed sowing design mechanism. It is designed as per
farm condition also it is as per the requirement so that it can dig the required size of rows for
seed sowing.

1. Battery powered rotating Wheels:-

The rotating wheels are designed also it has fabricated rib parts so it helps to give grip
during the seed planting, so that user can easily pull the whole assembly as per required
direction. The both wheels are powered by battery and DC motor is inbuilt fitted in these wheels.
The motor specifications are 1100watt, DC power, 12V, 7amp current.

Figure 4 seed storage tank

2. Seed storage Tank:-

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 This is one of the stationary components which are mounted on the main frame. Inside
this drum we can pour the seed for planting / sowing operation. Bottom of this seed tank there is
seed sowing disc arrangement.

3. Seed sowing disc and seed bucket:-

In each complete rotation of rotating wheel there is seeds falls from this seed drum and
seed plantation process taken place smoothly and without wastage of seeds. These seed buckets
are fitted on the seed sowing disc with the help of screws. The buckets are designed in such a
way that they can select the size of bucket as per seed type, size and shape. Also these buckets fit
on the seed sowing disc in such a way that the distance between two seed during the plantation
we can adjust and set according to requirement.

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Used components
4.1 Arduino Uno

Figure 5 Arduino Uno

Table 1 Features of Arduino at a Glance

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V
(recommended)
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by
bootloader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz

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 4.2AVR ATmega328

The ATmega328 is a single chip micro-controller created by Atmel and belongs to the
mega AVR series. The high-performance Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller
combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB
SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible
timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable
USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial-port, a 6-channel 10 bit Analog to
Digital converter (8-channels)in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages),programmable watchdog timer
with internal oscillator and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates
between 1.8-5.5 volts. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and
processing speed.

Figure 6 ATmega328

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4.3.CABLE

FIG 7 CABLES

A Jump Wire (Also Known As Jumper, Jumper Wire, Jumper Cable, DuPont Wire, Or
Dupont Cable – Named For One Manufacturer Of Them) Is An Electrical Wire Or Group
Of Them In A Cable With A Connector Or Pin At Each End (Or Sometimes Without
Them – Simply "Tinned"), Which Is Normally Used To Interconnect The Components Of
A Breadboard Or Other Prototype Or Test Circuit, Internally Or With Other Equipment
Or Components, Without Soldering.[1]
Individual Jump Wires Are Fitted By Inserting Their "End Connectors" Into The Slots
Provided In A Breadboard, The Header Connector Of A Circuit Board, Or A Piece Of
Test Equipment.

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4.4 GPP BOARD

FIG 8 GPP BOARD

The IXI Technology highly configurable IXI-1 Multi-purpose GPP is a single board computer
that integrates the latest high performance and low power Intel Atom Quad-Core CPU. Major
support for the CPU is provided by an additional Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for
flexible configuration of multi-standard I/O interfaces. Also available is an optional Accelerator
Unit for high performance Graphic Processing (GPU) or Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
functions. Major interfaces include: VPX, 10/100/1000 Mb/s Ethernet, MIL-STD-1553B,
Controller Area Network (CAN), multiple RS232/RS485/RS422 serial ports, USBs, GPIOs,
audio in/out, Display output port, NTSC/PAL composite analog video, and the latest high
definition 3G-SDI display input port. Memory is provided by 16MB Boot flash and 8GB DDR3
Soldered RAM. Expansion provision for high capacity mSATA Solid State Drive (SSD) is
provided for devices supporting upwards of 1TB of onboard storage. To minimize power
consumption advanced techniques are employed to ensure that only circuitry selectively in use is
powered and power intensive devices can be selectively run at the minimum required frequency.
Normal operating power consumption is less than 25W utilizing all available interfaces. The IXI-

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1 GPP features a scalable Multiprocessor Architecture over an OpenVPX backplane enabling
additional SBC modules and boards to be added for supplemental processing requirements.
Multiple PCIe lanes link the backplane, SoC and I/O units which can be configured via an
integrated PCIe switch. The unique architecture of the IXI-1 GPP enables very compact high
performance embedded processing solutions.

4.5 DC Motor

Figure 8 Dc motor

Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an

electric motor. Electric machines are means of converting conventional energy. Motors take
electrical energy and produce mechanical energy. Electric motor is used to power hundreds of
devices we use in everyday life. An example of motor used in day to day life is automobiles,
food blenders and so is vacuum cleaner.

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4.6 Motor Driving IC L239D

A very easy and safe is to use popular L293D chip. It is a 16- pin chip. The pin
configuration of a L293D along with the behaviours of motor for different input conditions is
given in fig. 4. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at
voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. When an enable input is high, the associated drivers are enabled.
Also their outputs are active and in phase with their inputs. When the enable input is low, those
drivers are disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance state. With the proper
data inputs, each pair of drivers forms a full-H (or bridge) reversible drive suitable for solenoid
or motor applications.

Table 2.2: Behaviours of motor for different input conditions

s
Figure 9 Pin configuration of L293D

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4.7 Bluetooth (HC - 06)

For the communication of the robot with the cell phone or a mobile we are using
the Bluetooth device. The Bluetooth device (HC-06) is attached to the robot that receives the
data from the mobile and also it can transmit the data. It is used for converting serial port to
Bluetooth. It has two modes: Master and Slave. Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol
running at the speed of 2.4 GHz with the architecture of client-server and which is suitable for
forming personal area networks. It is designed for devices such as mobile phones (low power).
Bluetooth protocol uses the MAC address of the device. Bluetooth gives the connectivity
between two devices using their MAC address.

Figure 10 Bluetooth Module

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4.8 solar plate

Fig 11 solar plate

Energy comes in different forms. Light is a form of energy. So is heat. So is electricity. Often,
one form of energy can be turned into another. This fact is very important because it explains
how we get electricity, which we use in so many ways. Electricity is used to light streets and
buildings, to run computers and TVs, and to run many other machines and appliances at home, at
school, and at work. One way to get electricity is to burn a fuel like oil or coal. This makes heat.
The heat then makes water boil and turn into steam. The steam runs a machine called a turbine
that produces electricity. Often, this electricity then goes into a public power system that sends it
out, through wires, to homes, schools, and businesses over a wide area. This method for making
electricity is popular. But it has some problems. Our planet has only a limited supply of oil and
coal. They are not renewable fuels. Once they are Endless Energy 4 Electricity is a key form of
energy. It powers all the lights visible in this view of Seattle, Washington. Solar
Panels4thPASS.indd 4 8/10/09 4:48:05 PM used, they are gone forever. Also, they give off gases
when they are burned. These gases may make the air dirty, or polluted, and some of them may
change Earth’s climate

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5. Summary and future scope
An IoT controlled Solar Seeding for automatic seeding was developed, based on the
development of IoT control system and conceptual design of Agri-Rover, the following points
are concluded,

 Instead of earlier semi automatic complex seeding mechanisms like lever, plunger, cams, an
automatic seeding Solar Seeding with a simple mechanism using flap was developed.

 IoT enabled Solar Seeding with newly developed Flap-servomotor mechanism provides
extensive advantage over the existing mechanisms.

 ESP 8266 version 12 Wi-Fi module / Bluetooth which is newly developed hardware was
used to achieve the wide range of wireless control without delay in the control.

 Use of DC motor for the movement and navigation gives precise control. Use of IoT gives
increased range from which farmer can operate and the desired applications like pesticiding,
weeding, seeding can be done.

 Use of Arduino program for servomotor control provides exact and precise control over
seeding.

 Arduino program also offers transformation in time delay required. By changing the delay,
distance between the two consecutive seed drop can reformed.

 Further development can be possible using IoT in agricultural sector. Use of electronic
control with IoT in agricultural field going to push the limits of engineering streams beyond
the conventional methods.

 In order to increase the controlling capabilities in agricultural environment an advanced

microcontroller like raspberry pi etc. can be used further.


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 Costing

Sr.no P a r t n a m e P r i c e
1 Microcontroller 1 5 0
2 Dc motor 100rpm 3 5 0 * 2 = 70 0
3 Dc motor 60 rpm 3 5 0
4 G p p b o a r d 5 0
5 B l u e t o o t h 3 0 0
6 B a t t e r y 1 1 0 0
7 Frame wor k 8 0 0
8 Welding cost 2 5 0
9 S o l a r p l a t e 8 0 0
1 0 Solar charger 2 5 0
1 1 M e c h a n i s m 8 5 0
1 2 W h e e l 6 0 * 4 = 2 4 0
1 3 B e a r i n g 6 0 * 2 = 1 2 0
Total cost 5 7 1 0

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CONCLUSION
In each complete rotation of rotating Wheel there is seeds falls from this seed drum and
seed plantation process taken place smoothly and without wastage of seeds. The sowing
disc is rotate in the seed chamber, the seeds are falls in the seed chamber through seed
storage tank .The seed buckets are collect the seeds from the chamber and it sow in the
ground as required depth with the help of plough

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REFERENCES
[1]PrasannaRaut, PradipShirwale, AbhijeetShitole “A Survey On Smart Famer Friendly Robot
Using

Zigbee”, International Journal of Emerging technology and Computer Science ,Volume: 01,
Issue: 01, February 2016.

[2]Calvin Hung, Juan Nieto, Zachary Taylor, James Underwood and Salah Sukkarieh,“Orchard
Fruit
Segmentation using Multi-spectral Feature Learning”,IEE/RSJ International Conference on
Intelligent Robot System Tokyo,Japan,3-7,November 2013.

[3]Shrinivas R. Zanwar, R. D. Kokate, “Advanced

Agriculture System”,International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA), Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.
107~112 , June 2012.

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