Chapter 1 + 2: Stress and Strain

Normal Stress
N
σ=
A
Shear Stress
V
τ=
A
Factor of Safety
τ fail σ fail
F . S .= =
τ allow σ allow
Normal Strain
'
∆ s −∆ s
ϵ=
∆s
Shear Strain
π '
γ = −lim ⁡θ
2
Cosine Law

c= √ A 2+ B2−2 ABcos γ
Sine Law
sin α sin β sin γ
= =
A B C

Chapter 3: Mechanical Properties of Materials

Normal Stress-Strain Diagram
P
σ=
A
δ
ϵ=
L0

Shear Stress-Strain Diagram

τ =Gγ
 ϵ
G=
2(1+υ )
Hooke’s Law
σ =Eϵ
Strain Energy Density
1
u= σϵ
2
If linear
2
1σ
u=
2 E
Modulus of Resilience
2
1 1 σ pl
ur = σ pl ϵ pl =
2 2 E pl

Modulus of Toughness
Area Under Curve
Poisson’s Ratio
−ϵ lat
υ=
ϵ long

Chapter 4: Axial Load

Elastic Deformation

P ( x ) dx
dδ=
A (x ) E
L
P ( x ) dx
δ=∫
0 A (x ) E
Constant cross-sectional area
PL
δ=
AE
Varying axial force
PL
δ=∑
AE
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Member
δ A / B=0

F A L AC F B LCB
− =0
AE AE

F A=F B
( )
LCB
L AC

SO

F A=P ( LL )
CB
& F B=P ( LL )
AC

Thermal Stress
δ T =α Δ TL

Chapter 5: Torsion
Torsion Deformation
dφ
γ= ρ
dx

γ γ max
=
ρ c
Angle of Twist (back face): φ (x)

Angle of Twist (front face): φ ( x ) +∆ φ

Tortional Formula

τ= ( ρc ) τ max

dT = ρ ( τ dA )
τ max
T =∫ p ( τ dA )= ∫ ρ2 dA
c
Tc
At radius c: τ max=
J
Tp
At radius p: τ max=
J
Solid Shaft
π 4
J= c
2
Tubular Shaft
π 4 4
J= (c o−c i )
2
Max Tortional Stress
Tc
Find
J
Power Transmission
P=Tω
dθ
ω=
dt
1 hp= 550 ft.lb/s
Shaft Design
P
T=
2 πf
J T
=
c τ allow

Angle of Twist

T (x)
d φ= dx
J ( x )G
L
T (x)
φ=∫ dx
0 J (x)G
If constant
TL
φ=
JG
Varying angles of twist
TL
φ=∑
JG