Course Instructor Name: Dr.
Shaneel kousar
Course Code: PHARM 318
Course Title: Physiology
Semester: 2nd
Section: D
Program:
Pharm-D
(Pharm.D, M.Phil& Ph.D.)
All the data is required (Mandatory)
NOTE: Given data must be uploaded on the VLE /(Slate) system.
Check List Check the boxes
below
1 Course Introduction
2 Learning Aims & Objectives of Course
3 Grading Scheme / Marks Distribution
4 Recommended Text Books List
Schedule of Classes & Topics
5 (Date & day with topic)
7 Schedule of Assignments (Each Section)
8 Schedule of Quizzes (Each Section)
COURSE INTRODUCTION
The course (Physiology-B) has been included in the Program of Pharm-D by competent
authorities i.e., Pakistan Pharmacy Council and Punjab Pharmacy Council because of
importance of studying the functions of human body in understanding the manufacturing
and application of drugs. The knowledge of physiology is pre-requsit to phathalogy and
pharmacology that are, of course, much significant in this health care discipline. There are
4 credit hours of this course in second semester of Pharma-D program which means that
there will two classes of one and half hour duration each plus a 3 hours practical per
week. The students will be taught the basic physiological functions of circulation,
respiratory system, renal system, GIT system, reproductive system, metabolism and
defense system. They will aquire how the various blood cells are formed, how respiration
occurs, how kidney involved in the process of excretion, how white blood cells involved
in the defense mechanism. After the completion of this course the students should be able
to describe all the basic physiological processes which are the basis of pathophysiology of
various diseases and their ultimate link with pharmacology for their treatment. The
students will also be trained in the blood examination and other body function through
practicals work.
LEARNING AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF COURSE:
1. The aim of course deals with normal function of the body
The objectives include:
2. Basic functions of the plasma and blood cells.
3. Respiratory system function
4. Renal system function
5. Understanding the basic physiological mechanisms of GIT system.
6. Physiological aspects of metabolism and metabolic disorder
7. Male and female reproductive system
8. Body defense mechanism
COURSE OUTLINE
a. Circulation:
Plasma, the Blood Cell, Pressure,
flow and resistance, Anatomy, Heartbeat coordination,
Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle, The Cardiac output, Measurement of Cardiac
Function,
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, veins,
The Lymphatic system, Baroreceptor Reflexes,
Blood Volume and Long term Regulation of Arterial Pressure,
Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses,
Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension, the Upright Posture, Exercise,
Hypertension, Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, and Heart Attacks,
Formation of Platelet Plug, Blood coagulation: Clot Formation, Anticlotting systems,
Anticlotting Drugs.
b. Respiration:
Organization of the Respiratory System, Ventilation and Lung Mechanics,
Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and tissues, Transport of Oxygen in Blood, Transport of
Carbon dioxide in Blood,
Transport of Hydrogen ions between Tissues and Lungs, Control of Respiration, Hypoxia,
and Non-respiratory functions of the Lungs.
c. The kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions:
Renal Functions, Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System, Basic Renal Process,
The Concept of Renal Clearance Micturition, Total Body Balance of sodium and Water
Basic Renal Process for sodium and Water, Renal Sodium Regulation, Renal Water
regulation,
A Summary Example: the response to Sweating, Thirst and Salt Appetite, Potassium
Regulation, Effector Sites for Calcium Homeostasis, Hormonal controls, Metabolic Bone
Disease, Source of Hydrogen Ion gain or 16 loss, Buffering of Hydrogen Ions in the
Body, Integration of Homeostatic Controls, Renal Mechanisms, Classification of Acidosis
and Alkalosis, Diuretics, Kidney Disease.
d. The Digestion and Absorption of Food (Overview):
Functions of the Gastrointestinal Organs, Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall,
Digestion and Absorption, Regulation of Gastrointestinal Processes, and Pathophysiology
of the Gastrointestinal Tract.
e. Regulation of Organic Metabolism, Growth and Energy Balance: Events of the
Absorptive and Postabsorptive States, Endocrine and Neural Control of the Absorptive
and Postabsorptive States, Fuel Homeostasis in Exercise and Stress Diabetes Mellitus,
Hypoglycemia as a Cause of Symptoms, Regulation of Plasma Cholesterol, Bone Growth,
Environmental Factors, Influencing Growth, Hormonal Influences on Growth,
compensatory Growth, Basic Concepts of Energy Expenditure, Regulation of Total Body
Energy Stores, Regulation of Body Temperature.
f. Reproduction:
General Principles of Gametogenesis, Anatomy, Spermatogenesis, Transport of Sperm,
Hormonal control of Male Reproductive Functions, Ovarian Function, Control of Ovarian
Function, Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle, Other Effects of Estrogen and
Progesterone, Androgens in Women, Female Sexual Response, Pregnancy, Sex
Determination, Sex Differentiation, Puberty, Menopause. g.
Defense Mechanisms of the Body:
Cells Mediating Immune Defenses, Nonspecific Immune Defenses, Specific Immune
Defenses, Systemic Manifestations of Infection Factors that Alter the Body’s Resistance
to Infection, Harmful Immune Responses, Absorption, Storage Sites, Excretion,
Biotransformation, Functions of Cortisol in Stress, Functions of the Sympathetic Nervous
System in Stress, Other Hormones Released During Stress Psychological Stress and
Disease. NOTE: Special emphases should be given on the normal physiological values
and their changes during respective pathological conditions. Furthermore, the
physiological link will be developed with pathology as well as pharmacology.
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS LIST
Several excellent books are available and the material taught in this course will
be derived from a number of books. The relevant books and study material will
be available to students in a drive uploaded on slate.
1. Guyton AC. Text Books of Medical Physiology. 9thEd. W B Saunders Company;
2011.
2. Stuart Ira. Fox. Human Physiology. 11th Ed. Fox; 2008.
3. Essential of Physiology by Sherwood, 2nd edition.
4. William F, Ganong WF. Review of Medical physiology. 22nd Ed. Prentice Hall
5. Kuntzman AJ, Tortora GJ. Anatomy and physiology for the manual therapies. 1 st Ed.
John Wiley & Sons; 2009
GRADING SCHEME/ MARKS DISTRIBUTION
1. Internal assessment (25% weightage)
Sr.
No Assessed component Grades (25)
1 Three best Quizzes out of 4 (5marks each) 15
2 Two Assignment(s) / Presentation 5+5
2. ‘Mid term exam assessment’ (35% weightage)
Sr. No Assessed component Grades (35)
1 Objective part 15
2 Subjective part 20
3. Final term Exam Assessment (40% weightage)
Sr. No Assessed component Grades (40)
1 Objective part 15
2 Subjective part 25
4. ‘Lab /Practical work assessment’ (100 % weightage)
Sr. No Assessed component Grades (100)
1. Practical Copy 20
2. Practical Written exam 40
3. Viva voice (Theory + Project) 40
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES WITH TOPICS
Month
Week
Lec. #
Topic Day Date Time
8:00-
1 Practical no. 1 Wednesday 15-02-2023
FEBRAURY
11:00AM
WEEK 1
Introduction to course contents, 8:00-
2 Monday 13-02-2023
Physiology and general principals 9:30AM
12:30-
Scope of physiology and its relation
3 Friday 17-02-2023 2:00PM
with other sciences
Practical no.2 8:00-
4 22-02-2023 11:00AM
Wednesday
WEEK 2
Blood cells and plasma 8:00-
5 Monday 20-02-2023 9:30AM
24-02-2023 12:30-
6 Red blood cells Friday 2:00PM
01-03-2023 8:00-
7 Practical no.3 Wednesday 11:00AM
WEEK 3
Haemoglobin and ESR 08:00-
8 Monday 27-02-2023 9:30AM
12:30-
9 White blood cells Friday 2:00PM
03-03-2023
8:00-
10 Practical no.4 08-03-2023 11:00AM
Wednesday
WEEK 4
Platelets and clotting factors 08:00-
11 Monday 09:30AM
MARCH
06-03-2023
Respiratory system 12:30-
2:00PM
12 Friday 10-03-2023
Respiration and ventilation, lung
mechanism
8:00-
13 Practical no.5 Wednesday 15-03-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 5
14 Exchange of gases in alveoli and Monday 08:00-
tissues 9:30AM
13-03-2023
Transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide 12:30-
15 and hydrogen ions between tissues Friday 2:00PM
17-03-2023
and lungs
Practical no. 6 8:00-
16 Wednesday 22-03-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 6
Control of respiration, hypoxia and 08:30-
17 non respiratory functions of lungs. Monday 09:30AM
20-03-2023
Renal system, structure of kidney 12:30-
18 and urinary system Friday 2:00PM
24-03-2023
8:00-
19 Practical # 7 Wednesday 29-03-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 7
The Concept of Renal Clearance 08:00-
20 Micturition, Total Body Balance of Monday 27-03-2023 09:30AM
sodium and Water
31-03-2023 12:30-
Basic Renal Process for sodium and
21 Friday 2:00PM
Water
8:00-
22 Practical # 8: Wednesday 05-04-2023 11:00AM
Renal Sodium Regulation, Renal 08:00-
WEEK 8
Water regulation, 9:30AM
23 Monday 03-04-2023
The response to Sweating, Thirst 12:30-
and Salt Appetite, Potassium 2:00PM
24 Friday 07-04-2023
Regulation, Effector Sites for
Calcium Homeostasis
WEEK 9
START 10-04-2023
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
APRIL
END 16-04-2023
8:00-
25 Practical no.9 Wednesday 12-04-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 10
08:00-
Functions of the Gastrointestinal
26 Monday 10-04-2023 9:30AM
Organs
Structure of the Gastrointestinal 12:30-
27 Tract Wall, Digestion and Friday 14-04-2023 2:00PM
Absorption
28 Practical no. 10 Wednesday 19-04-2023 8:00-
WE
11:00AM
08:30-
29 Regulation of Gastrointestinal Monday 17-04-2023 9:30AM
EK 11 Processes
12:30-
Pathophysiology of the
30 Friday 21-04-2023 2:00PM
Gastrointestinal Tract
8:00-
31 Practical no. 11 Wednesday 26-04-2023 11:00AM
Events of the Absorptive and 08:00-
Postabsorptive States, Endocrine and 9:30AM
32 Monday 24-04-2023
Neural Control of the Absorptive
and Postabsorptive States
12:30-
fuel Homeostasis in Exercise and
33 Friday 28-04-2023 2:00PM
Stress Diabetes Mellitus
8:00-
34 Practical no 12 Wednesday 03-05-2023 11:00AM
Hypoglycemia as a Cause of 12:30-
Symptoms, Regulation of Plasma 2:00PM
35 Friday 05-05-2023
WEEK 13
Cholesterol, Bone Growth,
Environmental Factors
Influencing Growth, Hormonal
Influences on Growth, compensatory 08:00-
MAY
Growth, Basic Concepts of Energy 9:30AM
36 Monday 08-05-2023
Expenditure, Regulation of Total
Body Energy Stores, Regulation of
Body Temperature.
8:00-
37 Practical no. 13 Wednesday 10-05-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 14
General Principles of 12:30-
Gametogenesis, Anatomy, 2:00PM
38 Friday 12-05-2023
Spermatogenesis, Transport of
Sperm,
08:00-
Hormonal control of Male
39 Monday 15-05-2023 9:30AM
Reproductive Functions
8:00-
40 Practical no.14 Wednesday 17-05-2023 11:00AM
WEEK 16
Ovarian Function, Control of
Ovarian Function, Uterine Changes 12:30-
41 Friday 19-05-2023
in the Menstrual Cycle 2:00PM
42 Practical no 15 Wednesday 24-5-2023 8:00-
11:00AM
Androgens in Women, Female
Sexual Response, Pregnancy, Sex 22-05-2023 08:00-
43 Determination, Sex Differentiation, Monday 9:30AM
Puberty, Menopause
Cells Mediating Immune Defenses
12:30-
44 Friday 26-05-2023
2:00PM
8:00-
45 Practical no 16 Wednesday 31-05-2023 11:00AM
Nonspecific Immune Defenses, 08:00-
Specific Immune Defenses, 9:30AM
46 Monday 29-05-2023
Systemic Manifestations of Infection
Factors that Alter the Body’s
Resistance to Infection, Harmful
12:30-
Immune Responses, Absorption, 2:00PM
45 Friday 02-06-2023
Storag Sites, Excretion,
Biotransformation
Practical no 17 8:00-
47 Wednesday 07-06-2023 11:00AM
JUNE
Functions of Cortisol in Stress,
Functions of the Sympathetic 08:00-
48 Monday 05-06-2023 9:30AM
Nervous System in Stress,
12:30-
Other Hormones Released During 2:00PM
49 Friday 9-06-2023
Stress Psychological Stress and
Disease
05-06-2023
FINAL TERM EXAMINATION
18-06-2023
WEEK
22-06-2023
19
Deceleration of Final Result
Schedule of Quizzes& Assignments
Quiz
Topic Day Date Time
#
March
BLOOD 09:00
1 Saturday 25-03-23
PM
April
INTUGMENTORY SYSTEM
2 Saturday 07-04-22 9:00PM
3 ALIMENTARY SYSTEM Saturday 22-04-23 9:00PM
April
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
May
4 Saturday 13-05-23 9:00PM
Assignment
Topic Day Date Time
#
March
Assignment 1 09:30
1 Monday 21-03-22
AM
April
Assignment 2 09:30
2 Monday 24-04-22
AM
