mvaviY Ávb

µtbs Uwc‡Ki bvg

evsjv‡`k welqvejx
1| mv¤úªwZK welqvejx 2022|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki ‡f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I f~-cÖK…wZ|
3| gywRe kZel©, ‡kL gywReyi ingvb Gi Rxewb, ‡kL gywRe iwPZ MÖš’|
4| hy³dª›U I Qq`dv |
5| fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy×|
6| M‡elYv †K›`ª, evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x|
7| cÖvPxb evsjvi BwZnvm|
8| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
9| cÙv †mZz|
10| e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU|
11| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`emmg~n
Avš©ÍRvwZK welqvewj
10| we‡k¦i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †`k (Pxb, fviZ, hy³ivó, `t‡Kvwiqv, ivwkqv, wdwjw¯Íwb, Mqvbv, gvqbvgvi)|
111| we‡k¦i ¸iæZ¡ ms¯’v I msMVb I G‡`i m`i `ßi (RvwZmsN, mvK©, BBD, wek¦e¨vsK, wek¦mv¯’¨ ms¯’v,AvB
Gg Gd, IAvBwm, GwWwe)|
12| wewfbœ cÖYvjx, mxgv‡iLv |
13| weL¨vZ ¯’vb, kni I `¦xc |

mvaviY weÁvb I AvB wm wU †_‡K cÖkœ LyeB mxwgZ msL¨K

Av‡m Z‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© UwcK ¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:-
13| wewfbœ ms¯vi m`i `ßi|
14| MÖxb nvDR M¨vm,cwigvcK hš¿, wewfbœ cÖKvi KvjPvi, gvbe †`n, avZy I AavZz, kã I Zi½, c`v‡_©i
Ae¯’v I cwieZ©b, Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU-AvDUcyU wWfvBm, B›Uvi‡bU, mdUIqvi, mv¤úªwZK Avwe®‥vi|

15| wewfbœ weåvwšÍKi cÖ‡kœi mwVK DIi|

 AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mv¤úªwZK mvaviY Ávb 2022
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

1. RvwZmsN ‡Kvb mvj‡K AvšÍRv©wZK grm I K…wlwkí eQi wnmv‡e ‡NvlYv K‡i‡Q?- 2022
2. 2022 AvBwmwm cyiæl wU-20 wek¦Kvc ‡Kv_vq AbywôZ n‡e?- A‡÷«wjqv
3. 2022 mv‡ji 18 B wW‡m¤^i wddv wek¦Kvc ‡Kv_vq AbywôZ n‡e?- KvZvi
4. 2022 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z AvLvDov-AvMiZjv ‡ijc_ wbg©vY ‡kl n‡e
5. 5Rvbyqvwi 2022, e‡½vcmvM‡ii gnx‡mvcv‡b 17 ‡_‡K 103 wU«wjqb wKDweK wdU (wUwmGd)M¨v‡mi mÜvb cvIqv hvq|
6. As mvb mywP ivR‰bwZK `‡ji bvg wK?- GbGjwW (b¨vkbvj jxM di ‡W‡gv‡µmx)|
7. As mvb mywP K‡e GbGjwW MVb K‡ib? ‡m‡Þ¤^i, 1988 mvj|
8. wgqvbgv‡ii ‡mbv mgw_©Z `j- USDP- union soliderity and development party.
9. wgqvbgv‡i Riæix Ae¯’v ‡NvlYv ‡`qt †deªæqvwi 2021
10. Zv‡jevb AvdMvwb¯’vb `Lj K‡i- 13B AvM÷ 2021
11.evsjv‡`k miKvi G ch©š— KZwU cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv M«nY K‡i‡Q? 8wU
12.XvKv e½eÜy g¨viv_b AbywôZ nq - 10B Rvbyqvwi 2022
13. hy³iv‡ó«i c«_g K…òv½ I bvix fvBm ‡c«wm‡W›U ‡K?- Kgjv n¨vwim
14. we‡k¦i `xN©Zg U«vm (TruSS) I MfxiZg cvB‡ji ‡mZy ‡KvbwU? -cÙv ‡mZy|
Ô15. fvmvbPi ‡Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? -‡bvqvLvjx ‡Rjvi nvwZqv Dc‡Rjvi Pi Ck¦i BDwbq‡b Aew¯’Z|
16. aªyeZviv, AvKvkZix, ‡k¦ZejvKv I nsmwg_yb Kx‡mi bvg? -wegvb evsjv‡`k GqvijvB‡Ýi 4wU bZyb D‡ovRvnv‡Ri bvg|
17. c«avbgš¿x ‡kL nvwmbv e½eÜy ‡kL gywRe ‡ijI‡q ‡mZyi wfwËcÖ¯iÍ ¯’vcb K‡ib K‡e? 29 b‡f¤^i 2020; ‰`N¨©t 4.8 wKwg|
18. `xN© 55 eQi ci bxjdvgvixi wPjvnvwU ‡_‡K fvi‡Zi njw`evwoi g‡a¨ ‡U«b Pvjy nq K‡e? 17 wW‡m¤^i 2020|
19. 2019 mv‡ji RvZxq Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vic«vß ‡k«ô Pjw”PÎ ‡KvbwU?- Ôb, WivBÕ I Ôdv¸b nvIqv (‡hŠ_fv‡e)|
20. 9 wW‡m¤^i 2020 ‡eMg ‡iv‡Kqvi Rb¥ I g…Z¨y w`e‡m iscy‡i D‡b¥vwPZ fv¯‹‡h©i bvg Kx? -Av‡jvKewZ©Kv
21. ‡`‡ki Z…Zxq mve‡gwib K¨vej ¯’vwcZ n‡e ‡Kv_q? -K·evRv‡i
22. Z…Zxq mve‡gwib K¨ve‡ji gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ‡Kvb K¨ve‡j hy³ n‡e? -SEA-ME-WE-6
23. 2020 mv‡j Kywgjøvq cvIhqv bZyb c«RvwZi Ônjy` cÙÕ dy‡ji bvgKiY Kiv nq Kx? -‡MvgZx
24. ‡MvgZx ev njy` c‡Ùi ‰eÁvwbK bvg Kx? -Nelumbo nucifera gomoti,Bangladesh
25. K~U‰bwZK ‡¶‡Î Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 2020 mv‡j c«ewZ©Z c«Kv‡ii bvg Kx?- e½eÜy wW‡c-v‡gwUK A¨vIqvW© di Gw·‡jÝ|
26. evsjv‡`‡k Pvl Kiv ÒAg…ZÓ bvgK Av‡gi RvZ ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki? -wfh‡qZbvg|
27. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjh‡qi QvÎ wk¶K ‡K‡›`«i (TSC) bKkv K‡iwQ‡jb ‡K?- wM«K ¯’cwZ
28. Kb÷¨vw›Ubm G. Ww·qvwWm (Constantinos A. Doxiadis)
29. 2020 mv‡j evsjv‡`k wPwb I Lv`¨ wkí K‡cv©‡ikb KZwU wPwbKj e‡Üi wm×vš— ‡bq? 6wU- Kywóqv, cvebv, cÂMo, k¨vgcyi (iscyi), iscyi (MvBevÜv) I ‡mZveMÄ
(w`bvRcyi) wPwbKj|
30. 13 wW‡m¤^i 2020 ‡`‡ki c«_g Ôw_«wW wgDwRK¨vj ‡dvqvivÕ D‡Øvab Kiv nq ‡Kv_vq? ei¸bv|
31. g…Z¨yÄhqx wgÎ fv¯‹h© ‡Kv_vq Aew¯’Z ?- PÆMv‡gi mxZvKy‡Ûi P›`«bv_ avg gw›`i GjvKvq
32. 1 wW‡m¤^i 2020 Pvu‡` mdjfv‡e AeZiY Kiv Px‡bi gnvKvkhv‡bi bvg Kx? ChangeÕc-5
33. 5 wW‡m¤^i 2020 c«_gevi ‡Kvb M«nvYy ‡_‡K gvwU wb‡q c…w_ex‡Z ‡div Rvcvwb gnvKvkhv‡bi bvg Kx? – Hayabusa-2|
34. hy³iv‡ó«i c«_g bvix ¯^ivó«gš¿x ‡K? M¨vj biUb
35. hy³iv‡ó«i c«_g Avw`evmx bvix gš¿x ‡K? ‡We nvj¨vÛ|
36. 2020 mv‡j ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki cvj©v‡g›U ÔwZbwU K…wl AvBb cvk n‡j K…lK e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i? fviZ
37. 14 wW‡m¤^i 2020 ‡Kvb ‡`k Ó hy³iv‡ó«i mš¿vmev‡`i Kv‡jv ZvwjKv ‡_‡K gy³ nq? -my`vb|
38. hy³ivó« AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Db¥y³ AvKvk Pyw³ ‡_‡K ‡ei n‡q hvq K‡e? 22 b‡f¤^i 2020|
39. c«KvwkZe¨ The Presidential Years bvgK AvZ¥Rxebxi ‡jLK ‡K?- fvi‡Zi mv‡eK ivó«cwZ c«Ye gyLvwR©|
40. lô Rbïgvwi I M…nMYbv K‡e AbywôZ n‡e? 25-31 A‡±vei 2021
41. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQy Avq KZ? 2500+ gvwK©b Wjvi|
42. evsjv‡`‡ki Mo Avqy KZ? 72.6 eQi|
43. mvK©fy³ ‡`‡ki Mo Avqy‡Z kxl© ‡`k ‡KvbwU? gvjØxc (78.9 eQi)| :
44. mvK©fy³ ‡`‡ki Mo Avqy‡Z me©wbgœ ‡`k ‡KvbUv? AvdMvwb¯—vb (64.8 eQi)
45. ‡Qov w؇c gvbyl hvZvqvZ wbwl× nqt 2 Rvbyqvix 2021
46. G ch©šÍ ‡gvU KZevi Av`gïgvix Kiv n‡q‡Q?- 6 evi|
47. evsjv‡`‡ki Mo Avqy - 72.8
48. evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li gv_vwcQz Avq KZ? DIi- 2554 Wjvi|
49. ‡`‡k c«_g Abvevmx c«wZôvb wn‡m‡e ¸Mj f¨v‡Ui wbeÜb ‡bq 23 ‡g, 2021 mv‡j|
50. c«_g Abvevmx c«wZôvb wn‡m‡e f¨vU wiUvb© Rgv ‡`q ‡dmeyK, 2 ‡KvwU 44 jvL UvKv|
51. G ch©š— 4wU Abvevmx c«wZôvb f¨v‡Ui Rb¨ wbeÜb wb‡q‡Q; ¸Mj, AvgvRb, ‡dmeyK I gvB‡µvmdU|
52. m`¨ we`vqx 2020-21 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwci c«e…w× n‡Z cv‡i 5 `kwgK 47 kZvsk| [m~Î: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey‡i¨v |
53. c«kœ : UNESCO'i ‡gvU wek¦ HwZn¨ KZwU?
DËi: 1154wUi c«vK…wZK HwZn¨ 218wU, mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ 897wU I wgk« HwZn¨ 39wU|
54. c«kœ : 2021 mv‡ji ‡Kvb ¯’vbwU UNESCO'i wek¦ HwZ‡n¨i gh©v`v nvivq?
DËi: wjfvicyj ‡gwiUvBg gv‡K©›UvBj wmwU|
55. 5G ‡bUIqvK© we‡k¦ KZZg ‡`k wn‡m‡e Pvjy nq evsjv‡`‡k? 9g|
56. evsjv‡`‡k 5G ‡bUIqvK© Pvjy nq? DIit 12 wW‡m¤^i 2021|
57. wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k w`em? DIit 12 wW‡m¤^i|
58. evsjv‡`‡k 5wR c«_g Pvjy K‡i‡Q. DIit ‡UwjUK ‡Kv¤úvwb|
59. evsjv‡`‡ki 23Zg cÖavb wePvicwZ †K? nvmvb d‡qR wmwÏKx|
60. ‡Kvb b`x‡K Ôe½eÜy grm¨ ‡nwi‡URÕ ‡NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q? nvj`v b`x
61. 17 wW‡m¤^i 2020 ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki ivRavbx‡Z e½eÜyi bv‡g mo‡Ki bvgKiY Kiv nq?- gwikv‡mi ivRavbx cv‡U© jyBm-G;
mo‡Ki bvg Ôe½eÜy ‡kL gywReyi ingvb w÷«UÕ|
62. Pxb 6wR Pvjy K‡i- 2022 mv‡j
63. evsjv‡`‡k 5wR Pvjy K‡i- 12B wW‡m¤^i, 2022
64 eZ©gv‡b avb Drcv`‡b kxl© ‡`k- Pxb (evsjv‡`k- 3q)
65. Pvj Drcv`‡b kxl© ‡`k--Pxb (evsjv‡`k- 4_©)
66. Pvj ißvwb‡Z kxl© ‡`k- fviZ
67. Pvj Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© ‡`k- Pxb (evsjv‡`k - 2q)
69. lô Av`gïgvwi nq 2022 mv‡j|
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k c«_g Rbïgvwi nq 1974 mv‡j|1981 mv‡j wØZxq, 1991 mv‡j Z…Zxq,
2001 mv‡j PZy_© Ges 2011 mv‡j cÂg Rbïgvix AbywôZ nq|
70| RvwZms‡N Avw_©K Ae`v‡bi ‡¶‡Î 1g- hy³ivó«; 2q- Pxb; 3q- Rvcvb|
71| c«_gev‡ii g‡Zv m~h‡© K ¯úk© K‡i‡Q bvmvi ‡mŠihvb "cvK©vi"|
72| 2035 mvj bvMv` we‡k¦i 25 Zg e…nr A_©bxwZi ‡`‡k cwiYZ n‡e evsjv‡`k|
73| cÙv †mZzi D‡×vab nq 25 Ryb 2022 Zvwi‡L|
Iwgµb I K‡ivbv fvBivm wb‡q cÖ‡kœvIi
Iwgµb
Iwgµb Kx ? K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi bZzb f¨vwi‡q›U
Iwgµb cÖ_g mbv³ nq †Kvb †`‡k? eZ‡mvqvbv (`wÿY Avwd«Kv)
KZ Zvwi‡L Iwgµb cÖ_g mbv³ Kiv nq? 11B b‡f¤^i 2021

K‡ivbv fvBivm
01 K‡ivbv fvBivm KZ mv‡j Avwe®‥vi nq? Dt 1960|
Dt wW‡m¤^i 2019 Px‡bi Dnvb
02 ‡KvwfW-19 †ivMwU cÖ_g †Kv_vq I K‡e mbv³ Kiv nq?
bMix‡Z †ivMwU mbv³ Kiv nq|
03 WHO, COVID-19 K‡e PANDEMIC wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i? Dt 11 gvP©, 2020|
04 COVID-19 ‡ivMwUi enbKvix fvBivmwUi bvg wK? Dt SARS-COV-2
05 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g †KvwfW-19 †ivMx mbv³ Kiv nq K‡e? Dt 8 gvP©, 2020|
06 ‡KvwfW-19 †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g gviv hvq K‡e? Dt 18 gvP© 2020|
07 me©c_Ö g evsjv‡`k †Kvb †Rjv jKWvDb †NvlYv Kiv nq? Dt gv`vixcyi|
08 AvBBwWwmAvi KZ mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq? Dt 1976|
Dt Institute of Epidemiology, Diseases
09 IEDCR- c~Y©iƒc Kx?
Control and Research.
Dt cÖ‡dmi W. gxiRv`x mvweªbv
10 IEDCR- Gi eZ©gvb cwiPvjK †K?
†d¬viv|
11 IEDCR- Gi m`i `ßi †Kv_vq? Dt gnvLvjx, XvKv|
12 PPE- Gi c~Y©iƒc wK? Dt Personal protective Equipment.
13 me©c_Ö g evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK †Kvb †`‡k K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m msµwgZ nq? Dt wm½vcyi|
14 K‡ivbv fvBivm kbv‡³i cixÿvi Rb¨ bvK I Mjvi jvjvi bgybv msMÖn Kivi we‡kl KvwVi bvg Kx? Dt †mvqve w÷K|
15 K‡ivbv fvBivm kbv‡³i wKU evsjv‡`‡k †K mieivn K‡i‡Q? Dt WHO
16 K‡ivbv fvBivm kbv³Ki‡Y MY¯^v‡¯’¨i •Zwi wK‡Ui bvg Kx? Dt wRAvi †KvwfW-19 WU eøU|
17 K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m msµg‡Yi we‡k^i cÖvq KqwU †`‡k msµg‡Yi we¯Ívi K‡i? Dt 200wU|
18 K‡ivbv fvBivm me©c_Ö g BD‡iv‡ci †Kvb †`‡k aiv c‡i? Dt d«vÝ|
19 K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ n‡q me©c_Ö g evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb Wv³vi gviv hvb? Dt W. gBbywÏb|
20 K‡ivbv fvBivm AvµvšÍ n‡q me©c_Ö g †Kvb mvsevw`K gviv hvb? Dt ûgvqyb Kwei †LvKb|
 mvaviY Ávb
01 b¨v‡Uvi eZ©gvb m`m¨ †`k? Dt 30wU|
02 b¨v‡Uv‡Z †hvM`vbKvix me©‡kl †`k? Dt DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv (‡hvM`vb: 27.03.2020)|
Dt eyj‡Mwiqv I †µv‡qwkqv (BD‡iv‡Rvbfz³
03 bZzb K‡i †h `ywU †`k cixÿvg~jKfv‡e BD‡iv gy`ªv Pvjy K‡i‡Q?
eZ©gv‡b 19wU †`‡k BD‡iv gy`ªv Pvjy Av‡Q)|
04 eZ©gv‡b BD‡ivwcqvb cvj©v‡g‡›Ui Avmb msL¨v? Dt 705wU (c~‡e© wQj 751wU)|
05 Zv‡jevb I hy³iv‡óªi g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK kvwšÍPzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq? DÓ 29 †deªæqvwi, 2020|
06 Zv‡jevb I hy³iv‡óªi g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK kvwšÍPzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq? Dt KvZv‡ii ivRavbx †`vnvq|
Dt KvZvi (g‡b ivLyb: KvZv‡i Pzw³ mB nq
07 Zv‡jevb I hy³iv‡óªi g‡a¨ HwZnvwmK kvwšÍPzw³ ga¨¯’ZvKvix †`k?
KvZv‡ii ga¨¯’Zvq)|
08 eZ©gv‡b M¨vm‡ÿÎ? Dt 28wU|
09 me©‡kl M¨vm‡ÿÎ? Dt kÖxKvBj c~e©Ñ1 (bexbMi, eªvþYevwoqv)|
10 eZ©gv‡b b`xe›`i? Dt 34wU|
11 34 Zg b`xe›`i? Dt wgimivB-ivmgwb b`xe›`i (PÆMÖvg)|
12 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wbewÜZ ivR‣bwZK `‡ji msL¨v? Dt 41wU|
13 me©‡kl wbewÜZ ivR‣bwZK `‡ji bvg? Dt evsjv‡`k Ks‡MÖm (wbe©vPbx cÖZxKÑ Wve)|

‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi 2021 Gi c~Y©v½ ZvwjKv

kvwšÍ‡Z gvwiqv ‡imv Ges w`wgwÎ gyivZf Ae`vbÑ gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿ jovB‡qi Rb¨|
mvwn‡Z¨ AvãyjivRvK ¸ibvn Ae`vbÑ Dcwb‡ewkKZvi AbycÖ‡e‡ki weiæ‡× wj‡L
A_©bxwZ‡Z ‡WwfU KvW, †Rvïqv wW A¨vswMÖ÷ I ¸B‡Wv Ae`vbÑ kÖg I A_©bxwZ‡Z AwfÁZvMZ|
wPwKrmvq ‡WwfW Rywjqvm I Av‡W©g c¨vUv‡c․wmqvb Ae`vbÑ ZvcgvÎv I ¯ú‡k©i wi‡mÞi Avwe¯‥vi|
Ae`vbÑ ‣ewk¦K DÁvqb I wdwRK¨vj Kg‡cø·
c`v‡_© m¨yKz‡iv gvbv‡e, K¬vDm n¨v‡mjg¨vb I RwR©I c¨vwiwm
wm‡÷g|
imvq‡b ‡eÁvwgb wj÷Kz‡iv gvbv‡e I †WwfW WweøD wm g¨vKwgjvb Ae`vbÑ A¨vwm‡gwUªK AM©v‡bvK¨vUvjvBwmm Avwe¯‥vi
 evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZ I Rjevqy
evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek
** evsjv‡`k cwi‡ek welqK msMV‡bi bvg = we B Gg Gd| ** The highest mountain in Bangladesh is?
** f~-cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`k KZ fv‡M wef³ = 3 fv‡M| = Mowdok Taung.
** N~wY©So I `y‡h©v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ c~e©vfvm †K›`ª ** evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P P~ov †KvbwU = †KIµvWs|
†KvbwU = ¯úvi‡mv| ** †KIµvWs cvnvo †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = ev›`ievb|
** f~wgK¤ú gvcvi hš¿ = wmm‡gvwgUvi| ** `wÿY ZvjcwÆ Øxc †Kvb b`xi †gvnbvq Aew¯’Z = nvwoqvfv½v|
** evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb f~wgiƒcwU cÖvPxb = cvnvwo f~wg| ** †Kvb Øx‡c ¯’vcbv •Zwi wbwl× = †Quov Øxc|
** nvwi‡Kb DBjvgv AvNvZ nv‡b = †gw·‡Kv †Z| ** wbSzg Øxc †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = nvwZqv|
** g¨vb‡MÖvf wK = DcK~jxq eb| ** evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb b`x †gvnbvq wbSzg Øxc Aew¯’Z = †gNbv|
** SPARRSO ‡Kvb gš¿Yvj‡qj Aax‡b = cÖwZiÿvgš¿Yvj‡qi| ** wbSzg Øxc Gi AvqZb KZ = 354.135 wK.wg|
** ¯úvi‡mv cÖwZwôZ nq = 1980 mv‡j| ** evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc Gi bvg wK = †m›UgvwU©b|
** evsjv‡`‡k AvenvIqv †÷kb KZwU = 35 wU| ** †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci Avi GKwU ¯’vbxq bvg wK = bvwi‡Kj wRwÄiv|
** KvßvB †_‡K cøvweZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcZ¨Kv GjvKv wK bv‡g ** †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci AvqZb KZ = 8 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
cwiwPZ = †fw½ f¨vwj| ** ÒAwjf UviUjÓ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb `x‡c cvIqv hvq = †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡c|
** evsjv‡`‡ki evwl©K Mo ZvcgvÎv KZ = 26.010 †mjwmqvm| ** evsjv‡`‡ki ‡m›UgvwU©b Øxc †Kvb †Rjvq = K·evRvi|
** mgy`ªe›`‡ii Rb¨ N~wY©So Gi mZK©Zv I ûwkqvwi ms‡KZ KZwU = 11 ** †m›UgvwU©b wK ai‡bi Øxc = cÖevj Øxc|
wU| ** †UKbvd †_‡K †m›UgvwU©b PjvPjKvix wejvmeûj Rvnv‡Ri bvg wK =
** b`xe›`‡ii Rb¨ N~wY©So Gi mZK©Zv I ûwkqvwi ms‡KZ KZwU = 4 wU| †Kqvwi wm›`vev`|
** e‡i›`ª f~wgi AvqZb KZ = 9320 wK.wg| ** evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg Øxc †KvbwU = †fvjv|
** evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvo †kÖYxi f~wgiƒc †Kvb hy‡Mi?= Uviwkqvix hy‡Mi| ** evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cvnvwo Øxc †KvbUv = g‡nkLvjx|
** e‡i›`ª f~wgi gvwUi is †Kgb = a~mi I jvj| ** iv‡Z †b․ PjvPj myweav‡_© evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv_vq cyi‡bv evwZNi
** †Kvb mgq evsjv‡`‡k evqyi Av`ªZv Kg _v‡K = MÖx®§Kv‡j| wQj = KzZzew`qv|
** evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q DPz cvnvo P~ovi bvg wK = Mv‡iv cvnvo| ** KzZzew`qv †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z = K·evRvi|
** evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvo †kÖYxi f~ ZvwË¡K hy‡Mi f~wgiƒc n‡”Q? = Uviwkqvix hy‡Mi| ** †mvbvw`qv Øxc †Kb weL¨vZ = mvgyw`ªK wkKv‡ii Rb¨|
** †KIµvWs Gi D”PZv cÖvq = 1230| ** Mfxi mgy`ªe›`i wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯vÍ weZ †mvbvw`qv Øx‡ci AvqZb
** Where is ‘Climbuk Hill’ situated = Bangladesh KZ = 9 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
(sonali, janata, agrani bank 08) ** gbcyiv Øxc †Kvb †Rjvi AšÍM©Z = †fvjv|
** •RqvwšÍKv cvnvo †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = wm‡jU| ** m›`xc †Kvb †Rjvi AšÍM©Z = PÆMÖvg|
** P›`ªbv‡_i cvnvo †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = mxZvKzÐ| ** m›`xc †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z = †gNbv|
** wb‡Pi †Kvb AÂjwU cvnvwo GjvKvfz³ bq = K·evRvi| ** Pid¨vkb †Kvb †Rjvq = †fvjv|
** cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvo †kÖYxi DrcwË n‡q‡Q = Uviwkqvix hy‡M| ** weL¨vZ Ò`yejvi PiÓ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = my›`ieb|
** jvjgvB cvnvo †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z = Kzwgjøv| ** Dwoi Pi Aew¯’Z = m›`xc, PÆMÖvg|
** `yg‡jvs cvnv‡oi D”PZv KZ = 3314 dzU| ** Pi Av‡jKRvÛvi †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z = ivRkvnx|
** wniY c‡q›U : my›`ieb, Gwjd¨v›U c‡q›U : K·evRvi|
AÂjwfwËK †f․Z cwi‡ek, m¤ú‡`i e›Ub I ¸iæZ¡ :- ** Tiger point ‡Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = my›`ieb|
** wR‡iv c‡q›U Aew¯’Z = ¸wj¯Ívb|
**evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P ce©Zk„½wUi bvg wK? = weRq| ** Ò`wÿY ZvjcwÆÓ Øxc †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z = mvZÿxivq|
** evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P ce©Zk„½ weRq Gi c~Y© bvg wK? ** `wÿY ZvjcwÆ Øx‡ci Aci bvg wK = c~e©vkv Øxc|
= ZvwRsWs| ** c~e©vkv Øx‡ci Aci bvg wK = `wÿY ZvjcwÆ|
 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb m¤úwK©Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖ‡kœvIi
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

1. ‡kL gywRei ingv‡bi wcZvi I gvZv bvg Kx? †kL jyrdi ingvb I mv‡qiv LvZzb|
2. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¥ KZ mv‡j, †Kv_vq? 1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP©, †MvcvjM‡Äi Uzw½cvovq|
3. e½eÜzi wkÿvRxeb ïiæ nq †Kb ¯‥z‡j? ‡MvcvjM‡Äi wMgvWv½v cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q|
4. e½eÜz g¨vwU&ªK cvk K‡ib †Kvb ¯‥zj †_‡K, KZ mv‡j| ‡MvcvjMÄ wgkbvwi ¯‥z‡j, 1942 mv‡j|
5. e½eÜz KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡Ri †eKvi †nv‡÷‡ji KZ b¤^i K‡ÿ 24 b¤^i K‡ÿ|
_vK‡Zb?
6. e½eÜz AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ivRbxwZ‡Z Awfwl³ nb Kxfv‡e? 1944 mv‡j Kzwóqvq AbywôZ wbwLj e½ gymwjg QvÎjx‡Mi
m‡¤§j‡b ‡hvM`v‡bi gva¨‡g|
7. e½eÜz KZ mv‡i †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi mnKvix wbhy³ nb? 1946 mv‡j|
8. e½eÜz weG cvk K‡ib KZ mv‡j, †Kvb K‡j‡R †_‡K? 1947 mv‡j KjKvZ Bmjvwgqv K‡jR †_‡K|
9. e½eÜz XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q †Kvb wefv‡Mi QvÎ wQ‡jb? AvBb wefv‡Mi|
10. e½eÜz XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K KZ mvj †Kb ewn¯‥…Z nb? 1949 mv‡j PZz_© †kÖwbi Kg©Pvix‡`i Av‡›`vj‡b msnwZ cÖKvk
Kivq Zuv‡K ewn¯‥vi Kiv nq|
11. e½eÜz Rxe‡b cÖ_g Kviv‡fvM K‡ib KZ mv‡j KZ Zvwi‡L? 1939 mv‡j| miKvwi wb‡lavÁv D‡cÿv K‡i ¯‥zj KZ…©c‡ÿi
weiæ‡× GKwU cÖwZev` mfv Kivi Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K Kviv‡fvM Ki‡Z
nq|
12. 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv jvf hyM¥ m¤úv`K|
Ki‡j e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †mLv‡b Kx c` cvb?
13. 1952 mv‡ji KZ Zvwi‡L ivóª fvlv evsjvi `vex‡Z e½eÜz KvivMv‡i 14 †deªæqvwi|
Abkb ïiæ K‡ib?
14. hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡b e½eÜz †Kvb Avm‡b weRqx nb? ‡MvcvjMÄ Avm‡b|
15. e½eÜz †Kvb gš¿xmfvi me©Kwbô gš¿x wQ‡jb? 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U gš¿xmfvq|
16. 1964 mv‡j e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `j MVb Kiv nq| K¤^vBÛ AcwRkb cvwU©|
`jwUi bvg Kx?
17. e½eÜz gyRe Qq`dv 1g K‡e †Nvlbv K‡ib? 5 †deªæqvwi 1966 mv‡j|
18. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b 6 `dv M„nxZ nq KZ mv‡j? 1966 mv‡ji 18 gvP©|
19. e½eÜz †kL gywRe AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e Qq`dv †Nvlbv K‡ib? 23 gvP© 1966 mv‡j|
20. ‡Kvb cÖ¯’v‡ei wfwˇZ Qq`dv iwPZ nq? jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve|
21. Qq`dvi cÖ_g `dv wK wQj? ¯^vqZ¡kvmb|
22. ÒevOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb`Ó wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †KvbwU? Qq `dv|
23. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Avmvgx wQj KZ Rb? e½eÜz KZZg Avmvgx 35 Rb| e½eÜz wQ‡jb 1 bs Avmvgx|
wQ‡jb?
24. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv Kx bv‡g `v‡qi Kiv n‡qwQj? ivóª‡`ªvnxZv ebvg †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨|
25. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Òe½eÜzÓ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq KZ mv‡j? 1969 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvwi|
26. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Òe½eÜzÓ Dcvwa †K †`b? ZrKvjxb WvKmyi wfwc †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`|
27. ‡Kv_vq e½eÜz Dcvwa †`Iqv nq? ‡im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b|
28. e½eÜz c~e© evsjv‡K Òevsjv‡`kÓ bvgKib K‡ib KZ mv‡j? 5 wW‡m¤^i, 1969 mv‡j|
29. e½eÜz 7 gv‡P©i fvlY †Kv_vq †`b? XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b, hv GLb †mvnivIqvw`© D`¨vb bv‡g
cwiwPZ|
30. e½eÜz 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi g~j e³e¨ Kx wQj? Gev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|
31. e½eÜz KLb ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b? 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© ga¨ivZ A_©vr 26 gv‡P© e½eÜz
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| GiciB cvwK¯Ívwb
†mbvevwnbx e½eÜz‡K †MÖßvi K‡i|
32. 1971 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj MwVZ A¯’vqx miKv‡i e½eÜzi c` Kx wQj? e½eÜz ‡kL gywReyi ingv‡bi c` wQj ivóªcwZ|
33. e½eÜz cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ cvb K‡e? 1972 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi|
34. e½eÜz ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k †d‡ib K‡e? 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi, hv e½eÜzi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b w`em
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
35. e½eÜz ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib KZ Zvwi‡L? 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi|
36. e½eÜz cÖ_g †bZv wn‡m‡e RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡` evsjv fvlvi 1974 mv‡ji 25 †m‡Þ¤^i|
eK…Zv †`b KZ mv‡j, KZ Zvwi‡L?
37. e½eÜzi ¯^cwiev‡i wbnZ nb KZ Zvwi‡L? 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvMó|
38. e½eÜzi ¯¿xi bvg Kx? ‡kL dwRjvZz‡bœmv gywRe|
39. e½eÜzi †Q‡jчg‡q KZ Rb? Zv‡`i bvg Kx? 5 Rb| wZb †Q‡j `yB †g‡q| †kL nvwmbv, †kL Kvgvj, †kL
†invbv, †kL Rvgvj I †kL iv‡mj|
40. e½eÜz Rv`yNi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? XvKvi avbgwÛi 32 b¤^‡i|
41. e½eÜz KZ Zvwi‡L knx` nb? Bs‡iwR 15 AvM÷ 1975
evsjv 29 kÖveY 1382
Aviwe 8 kvevb 1395
‡mw`b ïµevi wQj|
42. 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq e½eÜzi cwievi †Kv_vq wQj cÖ_‡g cÖwZ‡ekx †gvkvid †nv‡mb Gi evwo‡Z, Gici gMevRvi
G R‣bK gwnjvi d¬v‡U Ges me‡k‡l 18 b¤^i †iv‡W........
43. gywRe evwnbx Kv‡K e‡j? 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq ïay Qv·`i wb‡q MwVZ
gyw³evwnbx‡Z ejv nq gywRe evwnbx|
44. 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ †gvU KZRb wbnZ nb? cwiev‡ii m`m¨ 16 Rb (e½eÜz mn)| Avi wbivcËv Kg©KZ©
K‡b©j Rvwgj DwÏb| †gvU 17 Rb|
45. e½eÜz‡K †hfv‡e †MÖßvi Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv? Acv‡ikb ÒweM evW©Ó Gi gva¨‡g|
46. RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KZev ‡MÖdZvi nb? 1938 mv‡j gvP©-GwcÖj cÖ_g †Rj nq 7 w`‡bi R‡b¨ (Amgvß
AvZ¥Rxebx)
1) 11B gvP© 1948 †kL gywRe 1g †MÖdZvi nb|
2) 14B A‡±vei 1949 †kL gywRe 2q evi †MÖdZvi nb|
3) 11B A‡±vei 1958 †kL gywRe 3q evi †MÖdZvi nb|
4) 6B †deªæqvwi 1962 †kL gywRe 4_© evi †MÖdZvi nb|
5) 18B Rvbyqvwi 1968 †kL gywRe 5g evi †MÖdZvi
nb|
6) 26 gvP© 1971 †kL gywRe 6ô evi †MÖdZvi nb|
47. e½eÜz‡K wb‡q iwPZ eB 1) ‡kL gywRe Avgvi wcZvÑ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
2) gywRe fvBÑ GweGg gymv|
3) e½eÜzi mnR cvVÑ AvwZqvi ingvb|
4) e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb I evOvjxÑ Kvgvj DwÏb
Avn‡g`|
5) ‡`qvj (Dcb¨vm)Ñ ûgvqyb Avn‡g`|
6) e½eÜz RvwZ iv‡óªi RbKÑ cÖZ¨q Rwmg|
7) RvwZi RbK e½eÜz ‡kL gywReyi ingvbÑ wmivR
D``xb Avn‡g`|
8) Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx|
9) Rb‡Ki gyL (MíMÖš’)|
48. Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx Abyev` Ñ 1) Pxbv fvlvq MÖš’wUi Abyev`K Ñ PvB wm|
2) Rvcvbx fvlvq MÖš’wUi Abyev`K Ñ KvRywn‡iv
IqvZvbv‡e|
 3) Bs‡iwR fvlvq MÖš’wUi Abyev`K Ñ dKiæj Avjg|
4) Aviwe fvlvq MÖš’wUi Abyev`K ÑcÖ‡dmi W.Avey †iRv
gynv¤§` †bRvgywÏb b`fx|
49. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi me©vwabvqK †K? ‡kL gywReyi ingvb [35th BCS]
50. ÒAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÓ MÖš’wU Kvi †jLv? ‡kL gywReyi ingvb [35th BCS]
51. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb †K ÒivRbxwZi KweÓ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i †Kvb wbDRDBK [35th BCS]
mvgwqKx?
52. gvwK©b mvgwqKx wbDRDBK KLb e½eÜz‡K ivRbxwZi Kwe wn‡m‡e 5 Ryb, 1971 mv‡j|
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i?
53. 25 gv‡P©i ga¨iv‡Z (26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Iqvi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g [36th BCS]
¯^vaxbZv †Nvlbv K‡ib Kx‡mi gva¨‡g?
54. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ivóªcwZi bvg Kx? ‡kL gywReyi ingvb [29th BCS]
55. HwZnvwmK Qq`dv `vwe †K ‡Nvlbv K‡ib? ‡kL gywReyi ingvb
56. e½eÜz KLb Qq`dv Kg©m~Px †Nvlbv K‡ib? 1966 mv‡ji 5 †deªæqvwi, jv‡nv‡i we‡ivax `jxq m‡¤§j‡b|
[36th BCS]
57. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e Qq`dv †Nvlbv K‡ib? 23 gvP© 1966|
58. Qq`dv w`em K‡e cvwjZ nq? 7 Ryb|
59. †Kvb cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ Qq`dv iwPZ nq? jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve|
60. Qq`dvi cÖ_g `dv wK wQj? ¯^vqZ¡kvmb|
61. Òev½vjx RvwZi gyw³i mb`Ó wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †KvbwU? Qq`dv|
62. Qq `dv‡Ki Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq? g¨vMbvKvU©v wej|
63. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq K‡e? 3 Rvbyqvix 1968 mv‡j|
64. AvMiZjv gvgjvi †gvU Avmvgx KZRb wQj? 35 Rb (‡kL gywRe mn) [40 BCS]
65. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi cÖavb Avmvgx †K wQj? ‡kL gywReyi ingvb|
66. AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv wK bv‡g `v‡qi Kiv n‡qwQj? Òivóª‡`ªvnxZv ebvg †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨Ó|
67. †K KLb c~e© cvwK¯’v‡bi bvgKiY Òevsjv‡`kÓ K‡ib? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, 1969 mv‡ji 5 wW‡m¤^i|
68. †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K KLb e½eÜz Dcvwa †`Iqv nq? 1969 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvwi|
69. †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K e½eÜz Dcvwa †`b †K? ‡Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`|
70. †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K RvwZi RbK Dcvwa †`b †K? Av m g Avãyi ie, 3 gvP© 1971 mv‡j|
71. ‡kL gywRe †K RvwZi RbK †Nvlbv Kiv nq †Kv_vq? HwZnvwmK cëb gq`v‡b|
72. msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki 4ÑK|
RvwZi RbK?
73. e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK 7 gv‡P©i fvlb msweav‡bi †Kvb Zdwm‡ji 5g Zdwm‡j|
AšÍf©y³?
74. KZ mv‡j e½eÜz wewewmÕi RbgZ Rix‡c me©‡kÖó evOvwj wbe©vwPZ nb? 2004 mv‡j|
75. RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b †m me©cÖ_g evsjvq fvlb ‡kL gywReyi ingvb|
†`b?
76. e½eÜzi MÖvg Uzw½cvov †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z? evBMvi|
77. KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡Ri †eKvi †nv‡÷‡j e½eÜzi e¨eüZ †Kvb 23 I 24 bs Kÿ|
KÿwU‡K Òe½eÜz ¯§„wZ KÿÓ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
78. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KLb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cÖwZôv K‡ib? 22 gvP©, 1975 mv‡j|
79. mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i nvB‡KvU© wefvM KLb e½eÜz‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi 2009 mv‡j|
†NvlK e‡j ivq †`q?
80. msweav‡bi †Kvb Zdwmj Abymv‡i e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 6ô Zdwmj|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlK?
81. ‡Kvb †Rjvi GKwU Dc‡Rjvi bvg e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi bv‡g ‡g‡nicyi †Rjvi (gywRebMi Dc‡Rjv) bvgKiY K‡ib cÖ_g
bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q? cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng`|
82. ‡Kvb mvjwU‡K gywReel© †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 2020-2021
83. ÒKvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPvÓ MÖš’wUi iPwqZv †K? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
84. ÒAvgvi wKQz K_vÓ MÖš’wUi iPwqZv †K? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
85. ÒAvwg wngvjq ‡`wLwb, †kL gywRe‡K †`‡LwQÓÑ Dw³wU Kvi? wKDevi cÖqvZ †cÖwm‡W›U wd‡`j Kv‡¯¿vÕi|
86. †Kvb mvgwqKxi cÖe‡Ü e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ÒdiM‡Ub wn‡ivÓ d«›UjvBb mvgwqKx, †jLK †WwfW jy‡Wb|
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq?
87. ûgvqyb Avn‡g‡`i †Kvb †Kvb Dcb¨v‡m hy× I cieZ©x mg‡q e½eÜz‡K ‡RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí, †`qvj|
wPÎvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
88. wek¦ kvwšÍ cwil` KLb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ÒRywj I KzwiÓ kvwšÍ 1973 mv‡ji 23 †g|
c`‡K f~wlZ K‡i?
89. BD‡b‡¯‥v KLb e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i fvlb‡K Òwek¦ cÖvgvY¨ HwZn¨Ó e‡j 2017 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei|
¯^xK…wZ †`q?
90. ÒhZw`b i‡e cÙv-‡gNbv-‡M․ix-hgybv engvb, Kwe Abœ`vk¼i ivq|
ZZw`b i‡e KxwZ© †Zvgvi †kL gywReyi ingvbÓ
cOw³gvjv †Kvb Kwei iPbv?
91. weL¨vZ KweZv Òe½eÜzÓ Gi iPwqZv †K? cjøxKwe RmxgDwÏb|
92. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wb‡q wbwg©Z bvUK Ògnvgvb‡ei †`‡kÓ gvbœvb nxiv|
Gi cwiPvjK †K?
93. Òhw` ivZ †cvnv‡j †kvbv †h‡ZvÓ e½eÜz‡K wb‡q iwPZ GB weL¨vZ nvmvb gwZDi ingvb|
MvbwUi MxwZKvi †K?
94. e½eÜz KZevi evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ n‡qwQ‡jb? `yB evi| (cÖavbgš¿x GKevi)
95. fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki †h․_ cÖ‡hvRbvq e½eÜz‡K wb‡q wbwg©Ze¨ k¨vg †e‡bMvj|
Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK †K?
96. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Kvb wefv‡Mi QvÎ wQ‡jb? AvBb wefvM|
97. hy³d«›U miKv‡ii gš¿xmfvq e½eÜz †Kvb gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x wQ‡jb? K…wl, eb, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq|
98. ÒAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÓ eBwUi †jL‡Ki bvg Kx? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|

cÙv †mZz

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: ৩৮৩
১৪. : ?
:৬
১৫. : ?
: ২৬৪
১৬. : ?
:
১৭. : ?
: , ও
১৮. : ?
: এ আ
১৯. : ?
: ৪২
২০. : ?
: ও
২১. : ?
: .
২২. : ?
:৭ ২০১৪
২৩. : ?
২১ .
২৫. ?
: ও ( )এ ( )
২৬. ?
: ৩০ ২০১৭
৪১ ১০ ২০২০
৪২ ৪১
১ ৩৭-৩৮
৪১ ১২-১৩
২৭. : ?
১.২%
২৮. : ?
: ও ( )
২৯. " " ___
: ২০১৪ ১৮
৩০. ও ২০২২

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb wb‡q Avmv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ‡kœvËi

(1b¤^i Kgb cvIqvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q)
1. g~jbxwZ- 4wU
2. ‡gvU fvM-11 wU
3. ‡gvU Zdwmj- 7wU
4. ‡gvU Aby‡”Q`-153wU
5. msweavb iPbv KwgwUi m`m¨-34Rb
6. cÖavbgš¿xi eqm-25 eQi
7. ivóªcwZi eqm- 35 eQi
 ? -২৩ , ১৯৭২
 ? - ১২ , ১৯৭২
 ? -০৪ ,১৯৭২
 ? -১৬ , ১৯৭২
 ? -১০ এ , ১৯৭২
 -৪৭
 ? -
 ? -
 ? -১১৭
 “আ ” এ
? - ২৭
 ? ১৫
ঠ ? -৩৪
 ? -
 এ ? -
 ঠ ? -২ ও
 ও ? - ও৭
 আ ? -১১
 / ? -১৫৩
 ? -আ
 এ ? -
 ? - ৫
 ? - , , ও
 আ “ ” ? -১৯৭৮ ২ আ
৪এ ২
 আ “ ” ? -১৯৭৮ ২
আ ৪এ ২
 আ “ ” ? -১৯৭৮ ২
আ ৪এ ২
 “ ও ” আ ? -১১
 “ ও ” আ ? -১৪
 “ ”এ ? -২২

 “ আ এ আ আ ” ? -
২৭
 ও ? -৩ , ৩২
 ওআ ? -৩ , ৩৩
 এ ? -২
 আ এ ? -
 ? -
 ? -
 , , ও ? -
 এ ? -
 আ ? -১২
 আ ? -
 আ ? -২ , আ ও
 ? -৬৭
 ও ? -৭৪
 ? -৭৭
 আ ? -১৯৮০
 এ আ ? -১৬
 ? -২৬ , ১৯৭৫
 ? -১২ , ১৯৯৬
 আ ? -
 ? -১৯৬২
 ? - আ
 ? -৩ , ৩৪
 ? -৩ , ৩৬
 ? -৩ , ৩৭
 ও ঠ ? -৩ , ৩৮
 ও ? -৩ , ৩৯ (১)
 ও ? -৩ , ৩৯(২)
 ? -৩ , ৩৯ (২)
 ও ? -৩ , ৪০
 ? -৩ , ৪১
 ? -৩ , ৪২
 ? -৬০
 ? -
 এ ? -৯০
 ? - আ
 ? -
 এ ? -১৯৩৭
 ? – ,৩১
, ১৯৭৪ এ . . , ১৮ , ১৯৭৪
 ? -
 ? - এ
 ? – এ
 ? - ও
 “ ” ? -২৭ , ১৯৯৬
 ? - , ( )
 এ আ ? -২০
 ? - আ
 ? -১৪
 ? -৩৫
 ? -২৫
 ? -২৫
 আ ? -
 ও ? -
 ? -১৯৬৫
 ? -২১৫ এ
 ? -২৮ , ১৯৮২
 ? -৯
 ? -১৫৫
 ? -
 ? - আ
 ? -১৫ , ১৯৮২
 আ ? -৩৫০
 আ ? -৩০০
 আ ? -৫০
 ১ আ ? - ১
 ৩০০ আ ? -
 ? -
 এ ও ঠ ? -৬০
 ও এ ? - ১১ ও
৪৪
 আ ? -৩০
 আ ? -
 ? -৩
 ? -৫
 -৪৭
 “ ও ”
আ ? -২৮ (২)
 ? -৬ (২)
 ,
? -২৮
 ? -৯৩
 ? - ১৬, ১৯৭২
 ? -
 ? - আ
 ও ? -৫৬ (২)
 ‟ আ আ আ ? -৮১ (১)
 ঠ ? -১৩৭
 ? -
 ২০০২ ? -৯৩ (১)
 ‘ ‟ আ ? -৭
 „ ‟ আ ? -৭৭
 -House of Nation
 „ ও ‟
আ ? -২৮ (২)
 Technocrat ? -এ
 - আ
 ২১ (২) “ — –
” -
 ? -২৫ , ১৯৭৫
 -
 , ,
‟ -৪২
 এ -
 ঠ ? -১১৮
 ? -
 আ ? -১১
 আ আ ? – ১৫২
 „ ‟ ? -
 ? – ১৯৮৮
 এ (২০১৬) আ ? -১৬
 ? -৭
 আ ? -১৭
 আ ? -
 ? -৮
 আ ? -
 ? -৮
 এ -
 ? -
 আ ? -
 ? - , , ও আ
 ? -
 ? -আ
 ১৩৭ ? -
 ও ? -
 আ ? -১২১
 -
 „ ‟ ? – ৬ (২)

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm
fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy×
c~e© evsjvi Av‡›`vjb I RvZxqZvev‡`i DÌvb (1947-1970)
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

1/ fviZe‡l© e„wUk kvm‡bi Aemvb nq?

= 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ iv‡Z|
2/ 1937 mv‡j †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn gymwjg jx‡Mi `vßwiK fvlv D`©y Kivi cÖ¯v’ e w`‡j †Kvb evOvwj †bZv Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib?
= †k‡i evsjv G.‡K.dRjyj nK|
3/ 1947 mv‡ji 17 ‡g †K D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯vÍ e †`b?
= ‡P․aywi LvwjKz¾vgvb|
4/ 1947 mv‡ji 17 RyjvB gv‡m †K D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv Kivi cÖ¯vÍ e †`b?
= AvjxMo wek^we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© W.wRqvDwÏb Avng`|
5/ 1947 mv‡j KvgiæwÏb Avng‡`i ‡bZ…‡Z¡ †h `jwU gvZ…fvlvq Òwkÿv `vbÓ Gi `vex Rvbvq H `jwUi bvg wK?
= MY AvRv`x jxM|
6/ XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ 2 †m‡Þ¤^i †Kvb mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V?
= ZgÏyb gRwjm|
7/ 1947 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i D`©y‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq †Kv_vq?
= cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivwP‡Z GKwU wkÿv m‡¤§j‡b|
8/ 1948 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvix †K MYcwil‡`i fvlv wn‡m‡e D`©y I Bs‡iRxi cvkvcvwk evsjvi e¨env‡ii `vwe Rvbvb?
= cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil` m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªš’ `Ë|
9/ KZ Zvwi‡L XvKvq Òme©`jxq ivóª fvlv msMÖvg cwil`Ó cybM©wVZ nq?
= 1948 mv‡ji 2 gvP©|
10/ KLb Òevsjv fvlv `vwe w`emÓ cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`Iqv nq Ges H w`b mvaviY ag©NU cvjb Kiv nq?
= 1948 mv‡ji 11 gvP©|
11/ 1948 mv‡ji 13-15 gvP© †Kb ag©NU cvwjZ nq?
= wc‡KwUs Kiv Ae¯’vq †kL gwRe, kvgmyj nK, Awj Avnv` mn 69 Rb‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi Kvi‡Y|
12/ eva¨ n‡q c~e© cvwK¯’v‡bi gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRgDÏxb KZ `dv Pzw³‡Z mvÿi K‡ib?
= 8 `dv|
13/ ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vjb Òiv‡óªi `ykgb‡`i Øviv AbycÖvwYZ nq bvBÓ G g‡g© gyL¨gš¿x f~j ¯^xKvi K‡i e³e¨ w`‡eb, GUv †Kvb `dvi AšÍf³
~© ?
= 8 `dvi|
14/ ‡gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn KLb ب_©nxb K‡É †NvlYv K‡ib †h, ÒD`©yB n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ fvlvÓ?
= 1948 mv‡ji 21 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) AbywôZ Rbmfvq|
15/ ‡gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn KLb XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b D`©y‡KB cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ fvlv nIqvi K_v e‡jb?
=1948 mv‡ji 24 gvP©|
16/ cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †Kvb ni‡d evsjv cÖPj‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ‡jb?
= Aviex ni‡d|
17/ 1952 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvix †Kv_vq cvwK¯’v‡bi bZzb cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRg DwÏb wRbœvn‡K AbyKiY K‡i D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv
Kivi bZzb †NvlYv K‡ib?
= XvKvi cëb gq`v‡b AbywôZ Rbmfvq|
18/ 1952 mv‡j bZzb Òivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡`iÓ AvnŸvqK †K wQ‡jb?
= Ave`yj gwZb|
19/ 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvix mKvj 11 Uvq XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi GK mfvq KZ Rb K‡i wgwQj ïiæ Kivi wm×všÍ n‡qwQj?
= 10 Rb K‡i|
20/ 1952 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvix XvKvq wekvj †kvK wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki nvgjvq †K kwn` nb? = kwdDi ingvb|

21/ KZ mv‡j evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi msweav‡b AšÍf³ ~© Kiv nq?

= 1956 mv‡j|
22/ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmb c‡e© evOvwj‡`i RvZxq gyw³i cÖ_g Av‡›`vjb †KvbwU?
= fvlv Av‡›`vjb|
23/ KZ mvj †_‡K 21 †deªæqvix kwn` w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q?
= 1953 mvj †_‡K|
24/ KLb RvwZms‡Ni wkÿv, weÁvb I ms¯‥…wZ welqK A½ cÖwZôvb BD‡b‡¯‥v evsjv‡`‡ki 21 †deªæqvwii kwn` w`em‡K ÒAvšÍR©vwZK
gvZ…fvlv
w`emÓ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i?
= 1999 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤^i|
25/ Kv‡`i D‡`¨v‡M RvwZms‡Ni wkÿv, weÁvb I ms¯‥…wZ welqK A½ cÖwZôvb BD‡b‡¯‥v evsjv‡`‡ki 21 †deªæqvwii kwn` w`em‡K
ÒAvšÍRv© wZK gvZ…fvlv w`emÓ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i?
= KvbvWv cÖevmx K‡qKRb evOvwji D‡`¨v‡M I evsjv‡`k AvIqvgxjxM miKv‡ii KzU‣bwZK ZrciZvq|
26/ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi KZ kZvsk evOvwj wQj?
= 56 kZvsk|
27/ ‡Kvb aviYv †_‡K †ei n‡q Amv¤úª`vwqK cÖMwZkxj evOvwj ivR‣bwZK †bZ…Z¡ 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb XvKvi ‡ivR Mv‡W©‡b GK m‡¤§j‡bi
gva¨‡g Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxMÓ MVb K‡i?
= gymwjg jx‡Mi wØRvwZZvwZ¡K a¨vb-aviYv †_‡K|
28/ ‡kL gwRe‡K 1947 mv‡j KvivMv‡i †cÖi‡Yi ci wZwb KZ w`b ch©šÍ ew›` Rxeb KvUvb?
= 1952 mv‡ji 27 †deªæqvix ch©šÍ|
29/ 1949 mv‡j MwVZ Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jxMÓ Gi mfvcwZ †K wQ‡jb?
= gIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|
30/ KZ mv‡j Amv¤úª`vwqK ivR‣bwZK Av`k© aviY Ki Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxMÓ `‡ji bvg Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jxMÓ
bvgKiY Kiv nq?
= 1955 mv‡j|
31/ AvIqvgx jxM †Kb hy³d«›U MV‡bi †Póv K‡i?
= c~e© evsjvi cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi †kvPbxq civRq NUv‡bvi Rb¨|
32/ KZ mv‡j hy³d«›U MV‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq?
= 1953 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤^i|
33/ hy³d«›U G KZwU mdvi D‡jøL Av‡Q?
= 21 wU|
34/ hy³d«›U KZwU `j wb‡q MwVZ?
= 4 wU|
35/ c~e© evsjvi cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i 237 wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U KZwU Avmb cvq?
= 223 wU Avmb|
36/ c~e© evsjvi cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i 237 wU gymwjg Avm‡bi g‡a¨ gymwjg jxM KZwU Avmb cvq?
= 9 wU|
37/ hy³d«›Uf~³ K…lK-kÖwgK cvwUi †bZv G.‡K.dRjyj nK KLb gyL¨gš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnb K‡ib?
=1954 mv‡ji 3 GwcÖj|
38/ hy³d«›U miKvi KZw`b ÿgZvq wQj?
= 56 w`b|
39/ hy³d«›U miKvi‡K †K Ges KLb eiLv¯Í K‡iwQj?
= cvwK¯Ív‡bi MfY©i †Rbv‡ij †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§`, 1954 mv‡ji 30|
40/ AvBqye Lvb wKfv‡e ÿgZv `Lj K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U nb?
= 1958 mv‡ji 27 A‡±vei B¯‥v›`i gxR©v‡K DrLvZ I †`k Z¨v‡M eva¨ K‡i|
41/ mvgwiK kvmb‡K `xN©¯v’ qx Ki‡Z AvBqye Lvb wK e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡ib?
= ‡g․wjK MYZš¿ e¨e¯’v|
42/ ‡g․wjK MYZš¿ e¨e¯’vq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K KZRb wbe©vwPZ BDwbqb KvDwÝj m`m¨ wb‡q wbe©vPKgÐjx MVb Kiv
nq? = 80 nvRvi wbe©vwPZ BDwbqb KvDwÝj m`m¨|
43/ 1955-56 mvj †_‡K 1959-60 mvj ch©šÍ †gvU ev‡R‡Ui cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi 500 †KvwU UvKvi wecix‡Z c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi eivÏ KZ
wQj? = 113 †KvwU 3 jvL UvKv|
44/ 1960-61 mvj †_‡K 1964-65 mvj ch©šÍ †gvU ev‡R‡Ui cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi 22000 wgwjqb UvKvi wecix‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi eivÏ
KZ wQj? = 6480 wgwjqb UvKv|
45/ 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvmbZ‡š¿i weiæ‡× QvÎ mgvR cÖwZev` g~Li n‡q KZ `dv Kg©m~Px †NvlYv K‡ib? = 15 `dv|
46/ 1965 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤^i Kvi mv‡_ cvwK¯Ív‡bi hy× nq? = fvi‡Zi mv‡_|
47/ 1965 mv‡ji 6 †m‡Þ¤^i cvwK¯Ív‡bi hy× KZw`b ¯’vqx nq? = 17 w`b|
48/ 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªæqvix jv‡nv‡i †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e© evsjvi AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ KZ `dv `vex Zz‡j a‡ib? = 6 `dv `vex|
49/ AvBqye miKvi 6 `dv Kg©m~Px‡K wK e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib? = wew”QbœZvev`x Kg©m~Px|
50/ AvMoZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi cÖavb Avmvgx †K wQ‡jb?
= e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
51/ AvMoZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq Avmvgx msL¨v KZRb wQj?
= 35 Rb|
52/ AvMoZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ïbvbx KLb nq?
= 1968 mv‡ji 19 Ryb|
53/ AvMoZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ïbvbx †Kv_vq nq?
= XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U cÖwZwôZ we‡kl UªvBey¨bv‡j|
54/ KLb AvBqye Lvb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nb?
= 1969 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvix|
55/ KLb †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Òe½eÜzÓ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq?
= 1969 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvix †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` Gi cÿ †_‡K|
56/ cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmK AvBqye Lvb c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb †Kb?
= 1969 Gi MY Af~¨Ìv‡bi d‡j|
57/ 1970 Gi wbe©vP‡b †gvU †fvUvi msL¨v KZ wQj?
= 5 ‡KvwU 64 jvL †fvUvi
58/ 1970 Gi wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU †fvUvi msL¨v KZ wQj?
= 3 †KvwU 22 jvL †fvUvi|
59/ 1970 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^i AbywôZ †K›`xq AvBb cwil` wbe©vP‡b 300 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ KZwU Avmb AvIqvgx jxM cvq?
= 288 wU Avmb|
60/ 1970 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^i AbywôZ †K›`xq AvBb cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 169 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ KZwU Avmb
AvIqvgx jxM cvq? = 167 wU|

1966 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖmvk‡bi •elg¨g~jK wPÎ :

bs LvZ evOvwj cwðg cvwK¯Ívb

01 ‡cwm‡W‡›Ui mwPevjq 19% 81%
02 ‡`kiÿv 8.1% 91.9%
03 wkí 25.7% 74.3%
04 ¯^ivóª 22.7% 77.3%
05 Z_¨ 20.1% 79.9%
06 wkÿv 27.3% 72.7%
07 ¯^v¯’¨ 19% 81%
08 AvBb 35% 65%
09 K…wl 21% 79%

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k, gywRebMi miKvi

(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
61/ 1971 mv‡ji 3 gvP© †K RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvqb K‡ib?
= Bqvwnqv Lvb|
62/ 1971 mv‡ji 3 gvP© Gi RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvwlZ nq †Kb?
= f~‡Ævi Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivq|
63/ wK †_‡K evOvwj HK¨e× nIqvi †cÖiYv I gyw³hy‡×i wb‡`©kbv cvq?
= 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i e½eÜzi fvlY †_‡K|
64/ 17 gvP© wU°v Lvb, ivI digvb Avjx evOvjxi Dci †h b„ksm nZ¨vKvÐ cwiPvjbvi bxj bKkv •Zwi K‡ib GUv BwZnv‡m wK bv‡g
cwiwPZ?
= Acv‡ikb mvP© jvBU|
65/ ÒAcv‡ikb mvP© jvBUÓ ïiæ nq KLb?
= 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z|
66/ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi bv‡g †Kvb ¯’vbwUi bvg ÒgywRebMiÓ Kiv nq?
= †g‡nicyi †Rjvi •e`¨bv_ Zjvi Av¤ªKvbb‡K|
67/ KZ mv‡j gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq?
= 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj|
68/ gywRebMi miKvi kc_ MÖnY K‡i KLb?
= 1971 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj|
69/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii ivóªcwZi I gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK †K wQ‡jb?
= e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
70/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii Dc-ivóªcwZ †K wQ‡jb?
= •mq` bRiæj Bmjvg (e½eÜzi AeZ©gv‡b A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ)
71/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
= ZvR DwÏb Avng`|
72/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii A_© gš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
= Gg.gbmyi Avjx|
73/ gyywRebMi miKv‡ii ¯^ivóª, ÎvY I cybe©vmb gš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
= G.GBP.Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb|
74/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii ciivóª I AvBb-gš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
= L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g`|
75/ gyw³hy‡× cÖavb †mbvcwZ †K wQ‡jb?
= K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg.G.wR.Imgvbx|
76/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv cwil` MwVZ nq KZ m`m¨ wewkó?
= 6 m`m¨ wewkó|
77/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖkvmwbK KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ KZwU gš¿bvjq ev wefvM wQj?
= 12 wU|
78/ gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖavb wePvicwZ †K wQ‡jb?
= Avey mvC` †P․ayix|
79/ 10 GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi †`k‡K KZwU mvgwiK †Rv‡b fvM K‡i?
= 4 wU|
80/ 11 GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi cybivq †`k‡K KZwU mvgvwiK †Rv‡b ev †m±‡i fvM K‡i?
= 11 wU †m±‡i|
81/ cvwK¯Ív‡bi 24 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ e½eÜz KZ eQi KvivMv‡i KvwU‡q‡Qb?
= 12 eQi|
82/ KLb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi fviZ †_‡K XvKvq G‡m kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i?
= 1971 mv‡ji 22 wW‡m¤^i|
83/ KLb ¯^vaxbZvi ¯’cwZ RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i G‡m miKvi cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib?
= 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvix|
84/ KLb ¯^vaxbZvi ¯’cwZ RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb b„ksm nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wkKvi nb?
= 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷|
85/ 1972 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b KZ m`m¨wewkó ÒLmov msweavb KwgwUÓ MVb K‡ib?
= 34 m`m¨ wewkó|
86/ e½eÜz KZ mv‡j Òevsjv‡`k MYcwil`Ó bv‡g GKwU Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib?
= 1972 mv‡ji 23 gvP©|
87/ e½eÜz Kv‡K cÖavb K‡i 1972 mv‡j bZzb wkÿv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib?
= wewkó weÁvbx W.Kz`iZ-G-Ly`v|
88/ cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wkÿvi nvi KZ wQj?
= 17 fvM|
89/ cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j evsjv‡`k f~-L‡Ð KZ nvRvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wQj?
= 38 nvRvi|
90/ KZ mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq?
= 1973 mv‡ji 7 gvP©|
91/ evsjv‡`k KgbI‡qj‡_i m`m¨ nq KZ mv‡j?
= 1972 mv‡j|
92/ evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ nq KZ mv‡j?
= 1974 mv‡ji 17 †m‡Þ¤^i|
93/ wek^ kvwšÍ cwil` e½eÜz‡K wK c`K f~wlZ K‡ib?
= RywjI Kzwi kvwšÍ c`K|
94/ 1972 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj MYcwil‡`i 1g Awa‡ek‡b W.Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ KZ m`m¨ wewkó ÒLmov msweavbÓ cÖbqb KwgwU MVb
Kiv nq? = 34 m`m¨|
95/ 1972 mv‡ji 12 A‡±vei †Kv_vq ÒLmov msweavbwUÓ wej AvKv‡i †ck nq?
= MYcwil‡`i 2q Awa‡ek‡b|
96/ 1972 mv‡ji msweavbwU KLb †_‡K Kvh©Ki nq?
= 1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i †_‡K|
97/ fvi‡Z msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z mgq †j‡MwQj KZ w`b?
= 3 eQi (1947-1949)|
98/ cvwK¯Ív‡b msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z mgq †j‡MwQj KZ w`b?
= 9 eQi (1947-1956)|

99/ evsjv‡`‡k msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z mgq †j‡MwQj KZ w`b?

= gvÎ 10 gvm mgq (1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP©-1972 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i)|
100/ 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡b ivóª cwiPvjbvi KZwU g~jbxwZi K_v ejv n‡qwQj?
= 4 wU (RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿, mgvRZš¿ I ag©wbi‡cÿZv)|
101/ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ‡kvK w`em KLb?
= 15 AvM÷|
102/ gyw³hy‡× †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix RvZxq Pvi †bZv‡K KLb †MÖdZvi Kiv nq?
= 1975 mv‡ji 22 AvM÷|
103/ 1975 mv‡ji 26 †m‡Þ¤^i 15 AvM‡÷i nZ¨vKvix‡`i evPv‡Z L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` msweavb I AvB‡bi kvmb we‡ivax †h
Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi nq Zvi bvg wK? = Bb‡WgwbwU AwW©b¨vÝ|
104/ weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` ‡gvkvid Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ †mbv Af¨Ìvb KLb nq?
= 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤^i|
105/ L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` KLb c`Z¨vM K‡ib?
= 1975 mv‡ji 5 b‡f¤^i|
106/ L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g‡`i c`Z¨v‡Mi ci †K †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnb K‡ib?
= wePvicwZ G.Gm.Gg mv‡qg (1975 mv‡ji 6 b‡f¤^i)|
107/ •mq` bRiæj Bmjvg, K¨v‡Þb Gg.gbmyi Avjx, ZvRDwÏb Avng` I G.GBP.Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb †K KLb nZ¨v Kiv nq?
= 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤^i|
108/ evsjv‡`‡ki †mbvkvmb Kvj KZ eQi?
= 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ - 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i (15 eQi)|
109/ †mbv kvm‡bi weiæ‡× `xN© Av‡›`vjb, msMÖv‡gi ci Ae‡k‡l KZ mvj †_‡K cybivq MYZ‡š¿i hvÎv ïiæ nq?
= 1991 mvj †_‡K|
110/ gyw³‡×i mgq wRqvDi ingvb KZ bs †m±‡ii KgvÛvi wQ‡jb?
= 2 bs †m±‡ii|
111/ 1978 mv‡ji ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡b wewfbœ `j †_‡K ‡bZv Kg©x‡`i wb‡q wRqvDi ingv‡bi MwVZ `‡ji bvg wK wQj?
= RvZxqZvev`x MYZvwš¿K `j (RvM`j)|
112/ 1978 mv‡ji ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ AskMÖnbKvix `jwUi bvg wK wQj?
= MYZvwš¿K HK¨‡RvU|
113/ MYZvwš¿K HK¨‡RvU Gi cÖv_©x †K wQ‡jb?
= gyw³hy‡× cÖavb †mbvcwZ Gg.G.wR Imgvbx|
114/ RvZxqZvev`x MYZvwš¿K `j (RvM`j) Gi cÖv_©x †K wQ‡jb?
= wRqvDi ingvb|
115/ wRqvDi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxqZvev`x `j (we.Gb.wc) cÖwZwôZ K‡ib KLb?
=1978 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i|
116/ 2q RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb KLb AbywôZ nq?
= 1979 mv‡ji 18 †deªæqvix|
117/ 1979 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b we.Gb.wc. KZwU Avmb †c‡q Rqjvf K‡i?
= 207 wU Avm‡b|
118/ ‡Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb KZ mv‡j wbnZ nb?
= 1981 mv‡ji 30 †g|
119/ ivóªcwZ †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi †mbvkvmb Kvj KZ w`b wQj?
= mv‡o 5 eQi|
120/ KZ mv‡j †Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡ib?
= 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP©|
121/ 1981 mv‡ji 30 †g †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb wbnZ nIqvi ci msweavb Abyhvqx †K ivóªcwZ nb?
= DcivóªcwZ wePvicwZ Ave`ym mvËvi|
122/ 1981 mv‡ji 30 ‡g †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb wbnZ nIqvi ci KLb cieZ©x ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq?
= 1981 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤^i|
123/ †Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡i mvËvi miKvi‡K AcmviY K‡ib KLb?
= 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP©|
124/ mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZ Avnmvb DwÏb‡K KLb ivóªcwZ Kiv nq?
= 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP|
125/ ivóªcwZ wePvicwZ Avnmvb DwÏb‡K KLb mwi‡q †`Iqv nq?
= 1983 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤^i|
126/ ivóªcwZ wePvicwZ Avnmvb DwÏb‡K, †K mwi‡q w`‡q wb‡RB ivóªcwZ nb?
= ‡Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv`|
127/ mvgwiK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× cÖ_g KLb weÿzf nq?
= 1983 mv‡ji †deªæqvix gv‡m|
128/ KZmv‡j †Rbv‡ij Gikv` c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq?
= 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i|
129/ Gikv` Avg‡j KLb N‡ivqv ivRbxwZ I cÖKvk¨ ivRbxwZi AbygwZ †`Iqv nq?
= 1983 mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj N‡ivqv Ges 14 b‡f¤^i cÖKvk¨|
130/ 1983 mv‡j Gikv‡`i wb‡Ri MwVZ `‡ji bvg wK wQj?
= Rb`j|
131/ KZ mv‡j 5g RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq?
= 1991 mv‡ji 27 †deªæqvwi|
132/ 5g RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b we.Gb.wc. KZwU Avmb jvf K‡i?
= 141 wU|
133/ 6ô RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb KLb nq?
=1996 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvwi|
134/ KLb 7g RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq?
=1996 mv‡ji 12 Ryb|
135/ 7g RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM KZwU Avmb jvf K‡ib?
= 146 wU|
136/ KZmv‡j 8g RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq?
= 2001 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei|
137/ 2001 Gi wbe©vP‡b Pvi `jxq †RvU KZwU Avmb jvf K‡i?
=219 wU Avmb|
138/ 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k `vwi‡`ªi nvi KZ wQj?
= 70 kZvsk|
139/ •Zwi †cvkvK Lv‡Z mviv we‡k^ ißvbx evwY‡R¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb KZ?
= 3q (eZ©gv‡b 2q)

gyw³hy×
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
gyw³hy× wel‡q PvKwii cixÿvq Avm‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQz cÖkœ I DËi wb‡q we‡kl Av‡qvRb
cÖkœ DËi
1. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ¯’cwZ Z_v RvwZi Rb‡Ki bvg Kx? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
2. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq XvKv †Kvb †m±‡ii Aax‡b wQ‡jv? `yB b¤^i †m±i|
3. Acv‡ikb mvP©jvB‡Ui cwiKíbvKvix †K wQj? Bqvwnqv Lvb|
4. me© Kwbô †LZveavix gyw³‡hv×vi bvg Kx? knx`yj Bmjvg (exi cÖZxK 12
eQi)
5. 7B gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z †jvKmsL¨v KZ wQ‡jv? cÖvq 10 jÿ|
6. gywRebMi miKv‡ii A_©gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvb †K? Gg. gbmyi Avjx|
7. miKvwifv‡e wbqwgZ evwnbxi bvg Kx wQ‡jv? Gg. Gd|
8. ivRvKvi evwnbx MVb K‡ib †K? gIjvbv G.†K.Gg BDmyd|
9. 1971 G fviZxq wegvb NvwU‡Z cvwK¯Ívb †evgv nvgjv Pvjvq K‡e? 3iv b‡f¤^i|
10. gyw³hy× hv`yNi XvKvi †Kvb GjvKvq Aew¯’Z? ‡m¸bevwMPv|
11. ‡Kvb †bZv wbe©vwPZ `‡ji Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi evbPvj Ki‡Z Bqvwnqvi Lv‡bi mv‡_ RyjwdKvi Avjx fzÆ|
lohš¿ K‡ib?
12. gywRebMi miKv‡ii ivóªcwZ †K wbhy³ nb? e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
13. gyw³evwnbx K‡e MwVZ nq? 1971 mv‡ji 11 RyjvB|
14. gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`k‡K KqwU †m±‡i fvM Kiv nq? 11 wU †m±‡i|
15. knx` eyw×Rxex w`em K‡e cvjb Kiv nq? 14 wW‡m¤^i|
16. gyw³hy‡× KZ †jvK cÖvY nvivq? cÖvq 30 jvL|
17. gyw³hy‡× exiZ¡m~PK Dcvwa KqwU? PviwU|
18. gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Kv‡Q wcÖq aŸwb †KvbwU? ÒRq evsjvÓ|
19. ‡h․_evwnbx MwVZ n‡qwQj K‡e? 1971 mv‡ji 21 b‡f¤^i|
20. Avf¨šÍixY †b․c_ I mgy`ª DcK~jxq AÂj Pvjbv ‡Kvb †m±‡ii AšÍf~³© wQj? 10 bs †m±‡i|
21. kw³kvjx cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi weiæ‡× Rqjv‡fi Rb¨ gyw³evwnbxi m`m¨iv bvbv ‡Mwijv Avµgb I m¤§yL hy×|
ai‡bi †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi g‡a¨ cÖavb †K․kj †KvbwU?
22. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e Qq`dv †NvlYv K‡ib? 23 gvP© 1966|
23. gywRebMi miKv‡ii ivóªcwZi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †K A¯’vqx ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb ‣mq` bRiæj Bmjvg|
K‡ib?
24. Ò‡KÓ †dv‡m©i AwabvqK †K wQ‡jb? ‡gRi Lv‡j` †gvkvid|
25. gyw³evwnbxi wbqwgZ evwnbx †KvbwU wQ‡jv? gyw³‡d․R|
26. K‡e †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ÒRvwZi RbKÓ †NvlYv Kiv nq? 3 gvP© 1971|
27. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× AmvaviY exiZ¡ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ me©‡gvU KZRb‡K exiZ¡m~PK 676 Rb|
†LZve cÖ`vb Kiv nq?
28. gyw³hy‡× ÒexicÖZxKÓ †LZvecÖvß `yB Rb bvix gyw³‡hv×v †K †K? Wv.‡mZviv †eMg I Zvivgb wewe|
29. KZ Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq? 7B gvP© 1973|
30. evsjv‡`‡ki MYcÖRvZ‡š¿i †NvlYv n‡qwQj? 17 GwcÖj, 1971|
31. gyw³hy×Kv‡j evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii me©`jxq Dc‡`ó KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K wQ‡jb? gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|
32. gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x †K wQ‡jb? ZvRDwÏb Avng`|
33. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× cÖ_g kÎægy³ †Rjvi bvg? h‡kvi|
34. gywRebMi miKvi †Kvb †`‡k wgkb ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jv? hy³ivR¨|
35. 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi mvs‡KwZK bvg? Acv‡ikb mvP© jvBU|
36. KLb gyw³hy‡×i weiwaZvKvix gvwjK gwš¿mfv †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib? 14B wW‡m¤^i|
37. kibv_©x Ki AvBb Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q †Kvb miKvi? fviZ miKvi|
38. gvK© Ujx †Kvb msev` gva¨‡gi mvsevw`K? wewewm|
39. mvBgb wWªs †K wQ‡jb? weªwUk mvsevw`K|
40. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× ÒexicÖZxKÓ †LZve jvfKvix GKgvÎ we‡`kx bvMwiK †Kvb WvP|
†`‡ki?
41. gyw³hy‡×i mgq we‡MÖW AvKv‡i †gvU KZwU †dvm© MwVZ n‡qwQj? 3wU|
42. AvZ¥mgc©‡bi c‡i cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i hy×ewÜ wn‡m‡e †Kv_vq wb‡q hvIqv nq? XvKv †mbvwbev‡m|
43. evsjvi gyw³ mb` wn‡m‡e wK cwiwPZ? 7B gv‡P©i fvlY|
44. m¤úªwZ †Kvb †`‡k GKwU mo‡Ki bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q Òevsjv‡`k w÷ªUÓ? AvBfwi †Kv÷|
45. †K fviZ †_‡K AvZ¥mgc©b `wjj wb‡q Av‡mb? ‡gRi †Rbv‡ij R¨vKe|
46. 1971 mv‡j 22‡k gvP© Av‡jvPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv AvMgb †Kvb †bZvi mv‡_ RyjwdKvi Avjx f~‡Æv|
m¤ú„³?
47. gyw³hy‡×i mgq ewnwe©‡k^ RbgZ •Zwi‡Z Kvi bvg RwoZ? wePvicwZ Avey mvwq` †P․ayix|
48. gyw³hy×wfwËK Rv`yNi †M․iev½b, k^vk^Z evsjv Ges fv¯§i †PZbv †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? h‡kvi, iscyi I gqgbwmsn
†mbvwbevm|
49. Gg.wW.‡mvqvZ PÆMÖv‡g †c․‡Q KZ Zvwi‡L? 3iv gvP©|
50. Acv‡ikb R¨vKc‡U †gvU KZwU cvwK¯Ívbx RvnvR aŸsm K‡i? 60 wU|
 gyw³hy‡×i †m±i mg~n

wPÎ- gyw³hy‡×i 11wU †m±i|

ও :

১ .?
১১
২ ১১ .?
আ
৩ ১১ .?
এ .এ. ও
৪ .?
৬৪
৫ .?
১
৬ .?
১
৭ ১ .?
, ,
৮ ১ .?
(এ - )ও ( - )
৯ ১ .?
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১০ .?
 ২
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২
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১৩ ২ .?
আ , ,
১৪ ২ .?
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১৫ ৩ .?
(এ - )ও ( - )
১৬ ৪ .?
৬
১৭ ৫ .?
৬
১৮ ৬ .?
৫
১৯ ৭ .?
৮
২০ ৮ .?
৭
২১ ৯ .?
৩
২২ ১১ .?
৮
২৩ .?
১০
২৪ এ .?
১০
২৫ .?
১০
২৬ ১০ .?

২৭ .?
৮
১১ হজ

:- জ দশ ওজ

১. - (১ )
২. - (২ )
৩. - এ (৩ )
৪. - আ (৪ )
৫. - ও আ (৫)
৬. - (৬ )
৭. - (৭ )
৮. ও - ও (৮ )
৯. - (৯ )
১০. - ( ) (১০ )
১১. - (১১ )
আ ও১

৭জ

:- আ এ

:- ১,৪,৭,১০,২,০,৮ ( আ এ ৪৭ এ
১ ৪৭ ১০ ২০৮)
আ =আ (১)
= (৪),
= (৭),
= আ (১০),
= (২),
= (০- ),
= (৮)

‡LZvecÖvß gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g‡b ivLvi †UKwbK

01769-175426
exi‡kÖô- 7 Rb exiDIg - 69 Rb exi weµg 175 Rb exi cÖZxK- 426 Rb

evsjv‡`‡ki b` b`xt

1) evsjv‡`‡k †QvU eo b`x i‡q‡Q 700 wU|

2) b`x¸‡jvi AvqZb •`‡N©¨ 22,155 wK.wg.|
3) cÙv b`x fvi‡Z cwiwPZ M½v bv‡g|
4) cÙv b`xi Drcw˯j wngvj‡qi Mv‡½vÎx wngevn|
5) M½v evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i ivRkvnx †Rjv w`‡q|
6) cÙv b`x hgybvi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq †Mvqvj‡›`|
7) eªþcy‡Îi cÖavb aviv hgybv b`x|
8) cÙv b`x †gNbvi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq Pvu`cy‡i|
9) M½v cÙv we‡a․Z A‡ji cwigvY 34,188 eM© wK.wg.|
10) cÙvi kvLv b`x mg~n- fvMxi_x, ûMwj, gv_vfv½v, BQvgwZ, •fie, Kzgvi, K‡cvZvÿ b`, beM½v, wPÎv, gaygwZ, Avwoqvj Lvu|
11) eªþcy‡Îi DrcwË wZeŸ‡Zi gvbm m‡ive‡i|
12) eªþcyÎ b`x evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi ga¨ w`‡q|
13) 1787 mv‡ji Av‡M eªþcy‡Îi cÖavb avivwU cÖevwnZ n‡Zv gqgbwms‡ni g‡a¨ w`‡q DËi-cwðg †_‡K `wÿY-c~‡e©|
14) eªþcyÎ b‡`i MwZ cwiewZ©Z nq 1787 mv‡ji f~wgK‡¤ú|
15) hgybv b`xi kvLv b`x a‡jk¦ix|
16) a‡jk¦ix b`xi kvLv b`x-eywoM½v|
17) hgybv b`xi Dcb`x mg~n- aijv, wZ¯Ív, Ki‡Zvqv, AvÎvB|
18) M½vi m½g¯j ch©šÍ eªþcy‡Îi •`N©¨ 2897 wK.wg. Ges AvqZb 5,80,160 eM© wK.wg Ges Gi 44,030 eM© wK.wg.
evsjv‡`‡ki|
19) myigv I Kzwkqviv b`x wgj‡b DrcwË †gNbv b`x|
20) myigv I Kzwkqviv DrcwË Avmv‡gi eivK b`x bvMv-gwbcyi A‡j|
21) myigv I Kzwkqviv b`x evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i-wm‡jU †Rjv w`‡q|
22) myigv I Kzwkqviv b`x wgwjZ nq mybvgM‡Äi AvRwgwiM‡Ä Ges Kvjbx bv‡g `wÿY cwð‡g AMÖmi n‡q †gNbv bvg aviY K‡i|
23) ‡gNbv eªþcy‡Îi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq •fie evRv‡ii Kv‡Q|
24) eywoM½v, a‡jk¦ix I kxZjÿ¨v †gNbvi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq gywÝM‡Ä|
‡gNbvi kvLv b`x-gyb, wZZvm, †MvgZx, evDjvB|
25) evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY c~e©v‡ji cÖavb b`x KY©dzjx|
26) KY©dzwj b`xi DrcwË jymvB cvnv‡o|
27) KY©dzjx b`xi •`N©¨- 320 wK.wg.|
28) KY©dzwji cÖavb Dcb`x-KvßvB, nvj`v, Kvmvjvs, ivswLqvs|
29) evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgy`ª e›`i PÆMÖvg KY©dzwji Zx‡i Aew¯Z|
30) wZ¯Ív b`xi DrcwË wmwK‡gi cve©Z¨ AÂj|
31) wZ¯Ív b`x fvi‡Zi RjcvB¸wo I `vwR©wjs n‡q wWgjv AÂj w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i|
32) wZ¯Ív b`xi MwZc_ cwiewZ©Z nq 1987 mv‡ji eb¨vq|
33) wZ¯Ív b`x wgwjZ nq eªþcy‡Îi mv‡_|
34) wZ¯Ív b`xi •`N©¨ I cÖ¯- 177 wK.wg. I 300 †_‡K 550 wg.|
35) evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡ji cvwb wb®‥vk‡bi cÖavb Drm wZ¯Ív b`x|
36) wZ¯Ív e¨v‡iR cÖKíwU wbwg©Z nq 1997-98 mv‡j|
37) gsjv e›`‡ii `wÿ‡‡Y cïi b`x|
 f~‡Mvj
wewfbœ RvqMvi cyivZb bvg

o XvKv  Rvnv½xibMi o gywÝMÄ  weµgcyi o ‡bvqvLvjx  myavivgcyi/ fzjyqv

o Lyjbv  Rvnvbvev` o MvBevÜv  fevbxMÄ o wm‡jU  kÖxnÆ/ Rvjvjvev`
o h‡kvi  wLjvdvZvev` o ivRevox  †Mvqvj›` o gywRebMi  •e`¨bv_Zjv
o ev‡MinvU  Lwjdvev` o mvZÿxiv  mvZNwiqv o Avmv` †MU  AvBqye †MU
o gqgbwmsn  bvwmivev` o gnv¯vbMo  cyÛªea©b o ‡k‡i evsjv bMi  AvBqye
o dwi`cyi  d‡Znvev` o gqbvgwZ  †ivwnZwMwi bMi
o ewikvj  BmgvBjcyi/P›`ªØxc o ‡mvbviMvuI  myeY©MÖvg o ivOvgvwU  nwi‡Kj
o Kzwgjøv  wÎcyiv o cÙv  KxwZ©bvkv o ‡m›UgvwU©b  bvwi‡Kj wRwÄiv
o Kzwóqv  b`xqv o hgybv  †RvbvB b`x o wbSzg Øxc  evDjvi Pi
o ‡dbx  kg‡mi bMi o eªþcyÎ  †j․wnZ¨
o K·evRvi  dvjwKs o eywoM½v  †`vjvB b`x/ Lvj
o Rvgvjcyi  wmsnRvbx o PÆMÖvg  Bmjvgvev`/ PÆjv/
o w`bvRcyi  M‡Ûvqvbvj¨vÛ PvUMvu
o ‡fvjv  kvnevRcyi o ewikvj  P›`ªØxc/ evKjv
o jvjevM `~M©  ‡ZnvevM `~M©

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gvbwP‡Î evsjv‡`k

 wefvM- 8wU
 ‡Rjv- 64wU
 Dc‡Rjv- 495wU
 _vbv- 652wU
 wmwU K‡cv©‡ikb- 12wU
 BDwbqb- 4571wU
 MÖvg- 87191 wU
wPÎ- evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ
 evsjv‡`‡ki 8wU wefv‡Mi ‡Rjvi bvg g‡b ivLvi ‡UKwbK
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡gvU wefvM- 8wU
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡gvU †Rjv- 64wU
ewikvj wefvM: ivRkvnx wefvMt iscyi wefvMt
‡UKwbKt cwci ei Svj fvjev‡m| ‡UKwbKt PvucvevR bvwmi| ‡UKwbKt c VvKyi jvj bxj
1) c=cUzqvLvjx 1) Pvu= PvucvB beveMÄ is‡qi KzwowU MvB w`j|
2) wc=wc‡ivRcyi 2) cv= cvebv 1) cÂ= cÂMo
3) ei= ewikvj 3) ev= e¸ov 2) VvKyi= VvKyiMvI
4) ei= ei¸bv 4) R= RqcyinvU 3) jvj= jvjgYxinvU
5) Svj= SvjKvwV 5) bv= bv‡Uvi 4) bxj= bxjdvgvix
6) fvjev‡m= ‡fvjv 6) bv= bIMv 5) is‡qi= iscyi
7) wm= wmivRMÄ 6) KzwowU= KzwoMÖvg
8) i= ivRkvnx 7) MvB= MvBevÜv
8) w`j= w`bvRcyi|
XvKv wefvMt
‡UKwbKt wK‡Mv kwi‡di gvgy ivbv MvRxi
UvKv ‡Zv XvKvi wmÜy‡K| Lyjbv wefvMt
1) wK= wK‡kviMÄ ‡UKwbKt gv †g‡q wS‡q mvZ evN Lyb PÆM«vg wefvMt
2) ‡Mv= ‡MvcvjMÄ K‡i bovBqv h‡kv‡ii Wv½vq ‡djj| ‡UKwbKt Kywgjøvi e«vþb j¶x‡K
3) kwi= kixqZcyi 1) gv= gv¸iv Pvu‡`
4) ‡di= dwi`cyi 2) ‡g‡q= ‡g‡nicyi AvBmµxg Lvq|
5) gv= gv`vixcyi 3) wS‡q = wSbvB`n 1) Kywgjøvi= Kywgjøv
6) gv= gvwbKMÄ 4) mvZ= mvZ¶xiv 2) e«vþb = eªvþgbevoxqv
7) gy= gywÝMÄ 5) evN= ev‡NinvU 3) j¶x‡K= j¶xcyi
8) iv= ivRevwo 6) Lyb= Lyjbv 4) Pvu‡`= Pvu`cyi
9) bv= bvivqYMÄ 7) K‡i= Kzwóqv 5) ‡bq = †bvqvLvjx
10) MvRxi= MvRxcyi 8) bovBqv =bovBj 6) ‡dibx= ‡dbx
11) UvKv= Uv½vBj 9) h‡kv‡ii= h‡kvi 7) P= PÆM«vg
12) XvKvi = XvKv 10) Wv½vq= PzqvWv½vq 8) K= K·evRvi
13) wmÜy‡K= biwms`x 9) ev= ev›`ieb
10) i= iv½vgvwU
11) Lvq = LvMovQwo
wm‡jU wefvMt gqgbwmsn wefvM
‡UKwbKt nweM‡Äi ‡gŠjfxi mybvg wQj| ‡UKwbKt †k‡bRvg
1) nweM‡Äi= nweMÄ
2) ‡gŠjfxi= ‡gŠjfxevRvi 1. ‡kicyi
3) mybvg= mybvgMÄ 2. ‡b·Kvbv
4) wQj= wm‡jU| 3. gqgbwmsn
4. Rvgvjcyi
 miKvi , ivRbxwZ I `j

1| MbZ‡š¿ weKí miKvi ejv nq - we‡ivax `j‡K| 1| miKv‡ii wefvM - wZbwU| h_vt K) AvBb wefvM L)
kvmb wefvM M) wePvi wefvM
2| hy³iv‡óª RvZxq HK¨ M‡o D‡V - Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡| 2| msweav‡bi AwffveK - wePvi wefvM|
3| evsjv‡`‡k †bZ…‡Z¡i g~j mgm¨ n‡jv - mZZv, †`k‡cÖg, I 3| AvBb‡K ev¯Í‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv - kvmb wefv‡Mi KvR|
4| AvBbmfvi cÖ_g Kÿ‡K e‡j - wb¤œKÿ|
cÖÁvi Afve|
5| AvBbmfvi wØZxq Kÿ‡K e‡j - D”PKÿ|
4| †bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q - mvgvwRK ¸Y| 6| ev‡RU cvm I Aby‡gv`b K‡i - AvBb wefvM|
7| hy³iv‡óªi AvBbmfvi bvg - Ks‡MÖm|
5| eZ©gvb mg‡q MbZ‡š¿i Aci bvg - `jxq kvmb| 8| hy³iv‡R¨i AvBbmfvi wb¤œK‡ÿi bvg - KgÝ
mfv|
6| ivR‣bwZK `j M‡o D‡V - bxwZ I Kg©m~Pxi wfwˇZ|
9| Av‡gwiKvi AvBbmfvi D”PK‡ÿi bvg - wm‡bU|
7| me©fviZxq RvZxqZvev` M‡o D‡V - gvnvZ¥v MvÜxi †bZ…‡Z¡| wb¤œKÿ cÖwZwbwa mfv|
10| evsjv‡`‡ki AvBbmfv - GK Kÿwewkó|
8| RbMb I miKv‡ii g‡a¨ †mZz e܇bi KvR K‡i - ivR‣bwZK 11| Aa¨v‡`k Rvix Ki‡Z cv‡ib - kvmb wefvM|
`j| 12| †ewb‡Uv gy‡mvwjwb GKbvqK wQ‡jb -BZvwji|
13| ag©Zvwš¿K miKvi e¨e¯vq ¯^ve©‡f․g‡Z¡i gvwjK -
9| ¯^v_© GKÎxKibKvix ejv nq - ivR‣bwZK `j‡K| Avjøvn ev m„wóKZ©v|
10| cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK MbZ‡š¿i g~jwfwË -ivR‣bwZK `j| 14| ag©Zvwš¿K miKvi e¨e¯v cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q - Bivb I
f¨vwUKvb wmwU‡Z|
15| ÿgZv ¯^Zš¿xKib bxwZi cÖe³v - g‡›U¼z| wZwb
d«v‡Ýi Awaevmx|
16| MVbMZ w`K †_‡K AvBbmfv wef³ - `yBfv‡M|
17| `y‡ói `gb I wk‡ói cvjb Kiv - wePvi wefv‡Mi
KvR|
18| MbZ‡š¿i g~jgš¿ - mvg¨, ¯^vaxbZv I åvZ…Z¡|
19| †dv‡qWvm k‡ãi A_© - mwÜ / wgjb|
20| evsjv‡`k ivóªwU - MbZvwš¿K|
21| Aveªvnvg wjsKb †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb - hy³iv‡óªi| (16
Zg wewmGm)
22| wKDevi miKvi e¨e¯v - mgvRZvwš¿K|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU-1

evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i 57Zg ‡`k wn‡m‡e wbR¯^ m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gvwjK n‡jv| gnvKvk Rq n‡jv ‡QvÆ GB ‡`kwUi| hv evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi LvZvq ‡jLv n‡q
_vK‡e hyM hyM a‡i|
ejwQjvg e½eÜy-1 m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui K_v| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki c«_g m¨v‡UjvBU| G wb‡q mvaviY gvby‡li Rvbvi AvM«n ‡Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| ïay ZvB bq wewfbœ
miKvwi-‡emiKvwi PvKwii cix¶v, wewmGm, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjqmn Ab¨vb¨ wk¶vc«wZôv‡b fwZ©i cix¶vqI m¨v‡UjvBUwU wb‡q c«kœ Avm‡Z cv‡i| ZvB
m¨v‡UjvBUwUi LyuwUbvwU welq Rvbv _vKv `iKvi| G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU cwiwPwZ : bvg : e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU-1| GwU GKwU K…wÎg DcM«n| wRI-‡÷kbvwi m¨v‡UjvBU ev f‚w¯i DcM«n| 2015 mv‡ji 11 b‡f¤^i
d«v‡Ýi _¨v‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv ‡¯ú‡mi m‡½ e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU-1 wbg©v‡Yi Pyw³ ¯^v¶i K‡i evsjv‡`k| Z‡e ‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jv ‡h, evsjv‡`‡k c«_g m¨v‡UjvBU
wb‡q KvR ïiæ nq 2007 mv‡j| AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡i Avmvi ci 2009 mv‡j RvZxq Z_¨c«hyw³ bxwZgvjvq ivó«xq m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡¶c‡Yi welqwU hy³
Kiv nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki c«_g m¨v‡UjvBU ‡Kv¤úvwb : gnvKv‡k Dr‡¶c‡Yi ci e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU-1 cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ôevsjv‡`k KwgDwb‡Kkb m¨v‡UjvBU ‡Kv¤úvwb
wjwg‡UWÕ bv‡g GKwU ‡Kv¤úvwb MVb Kiv nq|
wbg©vY : e½eÜy-1 m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui g~j AeKvVv‡gv ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q d«v‡Ýi _¨v‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv ‡¯úm| GwUi wbg©vY ‡kl nq 2018 mv‡ji 30 gvP©| wbg©vY,
cix¶v, ch©v‡jvPbv I n¯—vš—i ‡k‡l we‡kl Kv‡M©v wegv‡b K‡i ‡mwU hy³iv‡ó«i ‡d¬vwiWvi ‡KBc ‡Kbv‡fiv‡ji j mvB‡U cvVvq _¨v‡jm A¨v‡jwbqv|
e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU-1-Gi IRb wZb nvRvi ‡KwR|
A_©vqb : ïiæ‡Z ev‡RU aiv nq 2967.95 ‡KvwU UvKv| ‡kl ch©š— Aek¨ 2765 ‡KvwU UvKvq G cy‡iv c«Kí ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq| Gi g‡a¨ 1315 ‡KvwU
UvKv w`‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k miKvi| Avi 1 nvRvi 358 ‡KvwU UvKv FY wn‡m‡e w`‡q‡Q nsK mvsnvB e¨vswKs K‡c©v‡ikb (GBPGmwewm)e¨vsK| GwU GKwU
eûRvwZK e¨vsK|
hv Av‡Q : GB m¨v‡UjvB‡U 40wU U«vÝcÛvi Av‡Q| hvi 20wU evsjv‡`‡ki e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ivLv n‡e| Avi evwK 20wU fvov w`‡q ‣e‡`wkK gy`«v AR©b m¤¢e
n‡e|
K¶c_ ‡Kbv : m¨v‡UjvBUwU Dr‡¶cY Ges Zv K¶c‡_ ivLvi Rb¨ ivwkqvi B›Uvi¯úyUwb‡Ki KvQ ‡_‡K K¶c_ (AiweUvj ¯-U) ‡Kbv nq| gnvKv‡k GB
K¶c‡_i Ae¯vb 119 `kwgK 1 wWwM« c~e© `«vwNgvs‡k| 2015 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z m¤úvw`Z Pyw³i wfwˇZ c«vq 219 ‡KvwU UvKvq 15 eQ‡ii Rb¨ GB
K¶c_ ‡Kbv nq|
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui dyUwc«›U : e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui dyUwc«›U ev Kfv‡iR n‡e B‡›`v‡bwkqv †_‡K ZvRvKv‡bw¯Íqv ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| kw³kvjx ‡KBD I wm e¨v‡Ûi
gva¨‡g GwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv Kvfvi Ki‡e cy‡iv evsjv‡`k, mvK©fy³ ‡`kmg~n, wdwjcvBb Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqv |
e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui M«vDÛ ‡÷kb : e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui M«vDÛ ‡÷kb ¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q MvRxcyi ‡Rjvi Rq‡`ecyi I iv½vgvwUi ‡eZeywbqvq| Gi g‡a¨
MvRxcy‡ii ‡Zjxcvovq ‡Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM ÷vd K‡jR msjMœ GjvKvq ¯vwcZ e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU c«vBgvwi M«vDÛ ‡÷kbwU m¤ú~Y© c«¯—yZ i‡q‡Q| GwUB g~j
wbqš¿Y ‡K›`« n‡e e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui| Avi iv½vgvwUi M«vDÛ ‡÷kbwU MvRxcy‡i ¯vcb Kiv M«vDÛ ‡÷k‡bi weKí|
Dr‡¶cYKvix c«wZôvb I Dr‡¶cYKvix i‡KU : e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBUwU gnvKv‡k cvVv‡bvi KvR K‡i gvwK©b i‡KU wbg©vZv c«wZôvb ‡¯úmG·| ‡emiKvwi
gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯v ‡¯úmG·| e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU-1 wb‡q Dovj ‡`q Ôd¨vjKb-9Õ i‡KU|
gnvKv‡k evsjv‡`k : m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡¶cY ¯wMZ : e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU c«_‡g 2017 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i Dr‡¶c‡Yi K_v wQj| wKš‧ N~wY©So Bigvi Kvi‡Y
Gi Dr‡¶cY ¯wMZ Kiv nq| Gici 2018 mv‡ji 10 ‡g (e…n¯úwZevi) evsjv‡`k mgq ivZ 3Uv 47 wgwb‡U Dr‡¶c‡Yi mgq wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj|
wKš‧ Dr‡¶c‡Yi 42 ‡m‡KÛ Av‡M m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡¶cY ¯wMZ Kiv nq| ‡¯úmG‡·i c¶ ‡_‡K Rvbv‡bv nq, i‡KU I ‡c ‡jvW fv‡jvB Av‡Q| wKš‧ wKQy
KvwiMwi ÎywUi Kvi‡Y Zv Dr‡¶cY Kiv hvqwb| c‡i e¨vKAvc ‡W‡Z (c‡ii w`b) Dr‡¶c‡Yi w`b wba©viY Kiv nq|
mdj Dr‡¶cY : Dr‡¶c‡Yi ZvwiL n‡”Q-12 ‡g 2018| evsjv‡`k mgq ivZ 2Uv 14 wgwbU|
Dr‡¶cY ¯vb : hy³iv‡ó«i ‡d¬vwiWvi ‡K‡bwW ‡¯úm ‡m›Uvi ‡_‡K e½eÜy-1 m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡¶cY Kiv nq|
e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui myweavmg~n : eZ©gv‡b ‡`‡ki ‡Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj¸‡jv wm½vcyimn we‡k¦i wewfbœ ‡`k ‡_‡K m¨v‡UjvBU fvov wb‡q Zv‡`i Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| GRb¨ eQ‡i e¨q n‡”Q c«vq 125 ‡KvwU UvKv| e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU Pvjyi d‡j A‡bKvs‡kB K‡g Avm‡e G e¨q| GKB m‡½ ‡`‡ki UvKv
‡_‡K hv‡e ‡`‡kB| Avq n‡e ‣e‡`wkK gy`«v|
‡Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj QvovI B›Uvi‡bU ‡mev`vbKvix c«wZôvb, wf-m¨vU I ‡eZvimn 40 ai‡bi ‡mev cvIqv hv‡e G m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g|
‡h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi c«vK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M ‡Uwiw÷«qvj AeKvVv‡gv ¶wZM«¯Í n‡jI e½eÜy m¨v‡UjvBU ‡`‡k wbiew”Qbœ ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯v I cwi‡ek ‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨g
wn‡m‡e B-‡mev wbwðZ Ki‡e|
GQvov AvenvIqvi c~e©vfvm, ‡Uwj‡gwWwmb, B-jvwb©s, B-wimvP©, wfwWI Kbdv‡iÝ c«wZi¶v I `y‡h©vM e¨e¯vcbv m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv Z_¨-DcvË cvIqv hv‡e G
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g|
G m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡¶c‡Yi d‡j ‡bcvj, wgqvbgvi, fyUvb I Ab¨vb¨ ‡`‡ki Kv‡Q ‡mev fvov w`‡Z cvi‡e evsjv‡`k| Gi gva¨‡g eQ‡i c«vq 50 wgwjqb
gvwK©b Wjvi Avq Kiv hv‡e|

e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU -2
e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU-2 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq fzw¯’i †hvMv‡hvM I m¤úªPvi DcMÖn | Gi Av‡M 2018 mv‡j
e½eÜz 1 m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡ÿcY Kiv nq| Avi e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU -2 Dr‡ÿcY Kivi K_v i‡q‡Q 2023
mv‡j|

m¨v‡UjvBUwU ‣Zwii Z_¨t-

e½eÜz-2 m¨v‡UjvBU ‣Zwii Rb¨ bZzb K‡i Av‡iKwU †`k wn‡m‡e d«v‡Ýi cvkvcvwk ivwkqv AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i‡Q | _¨vjvvm
A¨v‡jwbqv †¯úm e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU -2 ‣Zwii AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i 2021 mv‡ji 28 †m‡Þ¤^i evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi Kvhv©j‡q wPwV
cvVvq|

❐ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wewfbœ w`em ❐

01| RvZxq wk¶K w`em- 19 Rvbyqvix
02| RvZxq cZvKv w`em – 2 gvP©
03| wek¦ bvix w`em- 8 gvP©
04| wkï w`em- 17 gvP©
05| wek¦ AvenvIqv w`em- 23 gvP©
06| ¯^vaxbZv w`em- 26 gvP©
07| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ w`em- 7 Gwc«j
08| gywRebMi w`em- 17 Gwc«j
09| wek¦ ‡gav m¤ú` w`em- 26 Gwc«j
10| gnvb ‡g w`em- 1 ‡g
11| AvšÍRv©wZK wkï w`em- 4 ‡g
12| wek¦ gv w`em- 13 ‡g
13| wek¦ cwievi w`em- 15 ‡g
14| wek¦ ‡Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM w`em- 17 ‡g
15| wbivc` gvZ…Z¡ w`em- 28 ‡g
16| wek¦ ZvgvKgy³ w`em- 31 ‡g
17| wek¦ cwi‡ek w`em- 5 Ryb
18| Qq `dv w`em- 7 Ryb
19| wek¦ wkïk«g c«wZ‡iva w`em- 12 Ryb
20| cjvkx w`em- 23 Ryb
21| wek¦ msMxZ w`em- 21 Ryb
22| Rb¥ wbeÜb w`em- 3 RyjvB
23| wek¦ mgevq w`em- 7 RyjvB
24| gymK w`em- 10 RyjvB
25| wek¦ Rb msL¨v w`em- 11 RyjvB
26| g¨v‡Ûjv w`em- 18 RyjvB
27| wek¦ evN w`em- 29 RyjvB
28| wn‡ivwkgv w`em- 6 AvM÷
29| wek¦ hye w`em- 12 AvM÷
30| RvZxq ‡kvK w`em- 15 AvM÷
31| wek¦ ¯^v¶iZv/ wbi¶iZv w`em- 8 ‡m‡Þ¤^i
32| RvZxq AvqKi w`em- 15 ‡m‡Þ¤^i
33| gnvb wk¶v w`em- 17 ‡m‡Þ¤^i
34| wk¶K w`em- 5 A‡±vei
35| wek¦ WvK w`em- 9 A‡±vei
36| wek¦ Lv`¨ w`em- 16 A‡±vei
37| RvZxq moK wbivc` w`em- 22 A‡±vei
38| ‡RjnZ¨v w`em- 3 b‡f¤^i
39| msweavb w`em- 4 b‡f¤^i
40| mk¯¿evwnbx w`em- 21 b‡f¤^i
41| gyw³hy×v w`em/ wek¦ GBWm w`em- 1 wW‡m¤^i
42| ‡iv‡Kqv w`em- 9 wW‡m¤^i
43| wek¦ gvbevwaKvi w`em- 10 wW‡m¤^i
44| knx` eyw×Rxex w`em- 14 wW‡m¤^i
45| weRq w`em- 16 wW‡m¤^i
46| AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em- 21 ‡deªyqvwi
47| my›`ieb w`em -14 ‡deªyqvwi
48| RvZxq AvqKi w`em- 30 b‡f¤^i
49| g~mK w`em- 10 wW‡m¤^i
50| RvZxq MYnZ¨v w`em- 25gvP©
 AvšÍR©vwZK welqvejx

c„w_ex m¤úwK©Z Z_¨

1. c„w_ex‡Z †gvU gnv‡`k Av‡Q 7wU|

2. c„w_ex‡Z †gvU †`k 233wU|
3. c„w_ex‡Z †gvU ¯^vaxb ‡`k Av‡Q 195wU|
4. c„w_ex‡Z mve‡©f․g †`k 203 wU|
5. ‡gvU RbmsL¨v 793‡KvwU|
6. ‡gvU gymwjg RbmsL¨v 190 †KvwU

AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj
BwZnvm ms¯‥…wZ I mf¨Zv (AvšÍRvwZ©K)
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

cÖkœ DËi
cÖvPxbZg mf¨Zv¸‡jv wK wK? wmÜz mf¨Zv, wgmixq mf¨Zv, my‡gixq mf¨Zv, cvim¨
mf¨Zv, e¨vwejbxq mf¨Zv, †ivgvb mf¨Zv, BwRqvb mf¨Zv|
wek^ mf¨Zvi K‡e hvÎv ïiæ nq? wLªóc~e© 5000 Aã †_‡K|
c„w_exi cÖ_g mf¨Zv ejv nq †Kvb mf¨Zv †K? wgkixq mf¨Zv‡K|
‡nv‡gv m¨vwc‡qÝ ev AvaywbK gvby‡li D™¢e nq †Kvb hy‡M? ‡m‡bv‡RvwqK hy‡M|
AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZMZ w`K w`‡q gvbe RvwZ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q? Pvi fv‡M, (A‡óªj‡qW, g½j‡qW, wb‡MÖv‡qW I K‡Kkxq)
cv_i hyM Kq fv‡M wef³ I wK wK? `yB fv‡M, h_v- cy‡ivcjxq hyM, b‡evcjxq hyM|
cÖvPxb wgkixq mf¨Zv †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj? bxjb`|
wgk‡i †Kvb mf¨Zvi m~Pbv N‡V? bMi mf¨Zv|
cÖ_g ch©v‡q wgkixq wjwc wK wQj? wPÎ wfwËK|
dvivI Lydzi wcivwg‡Wi D”PZv KZ? cÖvq PviÕk dzU|
cÖvPxb wgkixq‡`i g‡Z cvc-cy‡Y¨i wePvi †K Ki‡e? Iwmwim|
nvqv‡ivwMøwdK wK? wgkixq wjwc|
‡g‡mvc‡Ugxi mf¨Zv †Kv_vq M‡o D‡VwQj? UvBwMÖm I BD‡d«wUm b`xi Zxiv‡j|
my‡gixq, e¨vwejbxq, Av‡kixq I K¨vjWxq mf¨Zv †Kvb mf¨Zvi AšÍf~³? ‡g‡mvc‡Ugxq mf¨Zv|
Kviv cÖ_g e„ˇK 360 wWMÖx‡Z fvM K‡i? Av‡kixqMY|
Kviv cÖ_g Aÿvsk I `ªvwNgvsk fvM K‡iwQ‡jb? Av‡kixqMY|
Kviv me©cÖ_g †jvnvi A¯¿ •Zix K‡i hy‡× e¨envi K‡i? Av‡kixqMY|
Av‡kixq‡`i m~h© †`eZvi bvg wK? kvgm|
KZ wLªóc~‡e© Av‡kixq‡`i mf¨Zv aŸsk nq? 612 wLªóc~‡e©|
wKfv‡e Av‡kixq mf¨Zv aŸsk nq? cÖwZ‡ekx ivR¨¸‡jvi Avµg‡bi gy‡L|
K¨vjWxq mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb †K? m¤ªvU †beyPv` †bRvi|
K¨vjWxq cÖavb †`eZvi bvg wK? RywcUvi|
‡Kvb mf¨Zvi †jv‡Kiv AvKv‡ki MÖn‡K †`eZv g‡b KiZ? K¨vjWxqiv|
Kviv cÖ_‡g mßvn‡K mvZ w`‡b wef³ K‡ib? K¨vjWxqiv|
K¨vjWxqiv †R¨vwZweÁvbxMY KqwU bÿÎ cy‡Äi mÜvb cvb? 12wU|
‡g‡mvcwUgxqvi me‡P‡q cÖvPxb mf¨ZvwU M‡o Zz‡jwQj Kviv? my‡gixiMY|
cvwUMwY‡Zi ¸b c×wU Kviv Avwe®‥vi K‡i? ‡g‡mvc‡Uixqiv|
my‡gixq mf¨Zvi ag©xq I ivóªxq †bZv‡`i Dcvwa wK wQj? cv‡ZRx|
e¨wejbxq mf¨Zvi ¯cwZ †K wQ‡jb? nv¤§yivwe|
e¨wejbxq mf¨Zv †Kv_vq M‡o D‡VwQj? ‡g‡mvc‡Uwgqvq|
bZzb e¨wejbxq mf¨Zv †K M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb? ‡beyPv` †bRvi|
e¨wejbxq k~‡b¨`vb †K •Zix K‡ib? ‡beyPv` †bRvi|
e¨wejbxq‡`i cÖavb †`eZvi bvg wK? gviWK|
e¨wejbxq‡`i wjLb c×wZi bvg wK? wKDwbdg©|
nv¤§yivwe †Kvb mf¨Zvi AvBbwe` wQ‡jb? e¨wejbxq mf¨Zvi|
Av‡kixq mf¨Zv ‡Kvb b`xi Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj? UvBwMÖm|
g‡nb‡Rv`v‡iv cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯Z? jviKvbv †Rjvq|
cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m wdwbkxq‡`i †kÖôZg cwiPq wK? bvweK I RvnvR wbg©vZv wn‡m‡e|
mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m wdwbkxq‡`i me‡P‡q eo Ae`vb wK? eY©gvjvi D™¢veb|
Kviv wdwbkxq‡`i D™¢vweZ eY©gvjvi mv‡_ ¯^ieY© †hvM K‡i eY©gvjv‡K MÖxKiv|
m¤ú~Y© K‡ib?
K¨vjWxq mf¨Zvi cZb N‡UwQj wKfv‡e? cvim¨ Avµg‡bi d‡j|
‡j․nvi e¨envi ïiæ K‡i? wnUªBUiv|
Gwkqvi gvBb‡i †j․nhy‡Mi myÎcvZ N‡V K‡e? wLªóc~e© 1200 A‡ã|
wmÜz mf¨Zvi wb`k©b KZ wLªóv‡ã Avwe®‥…Z nq? 1921 wLªóv‡ã|
‡gvnb‡Rv`v‡iv I niàv kni `ywU K‡e Avwe®‥…Z nq? 1921-22 mv‡j|
Kviv wmÜz mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb? `ªvweoev|
‡gvnb‡Rv`v‡iv I niàv †Kvb mf¨Zvq Aew¯Z? wmÜz mf¨Zvq|
wmÜz mf¨Zv KLb cZb N‡U? 1750 wLªóv‡ã|
cÖZœZvË¡we`‡`i g‡Z wmÜz mf¨Zv cZ‡bi KviY wK? cÖjq¼ix eb¨v|
wmÜz‡`i Zx‡i cÖ_g gvwU Lyu‡o cÖ_g †Kvb kniwU †LuvR cvIqv hvq? niàv bMix|
fviZxq mf¨ZvwU wmÜz mf¨Zv bv‡g cwiwPZ †Kb? wmÜz b‡`i Zx‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q e‡j|
g~j wmÜz b‡`i Zx‡i KZ GjvKv Ry‡o g‡nv‡Äv`v‡iv bMix M‡o D‡VwQj? GK gvBj|
g~j wmÜz b‡`i Zx‡i KZ GjvKv Ry‡o wK bMix M‡o D‡VwQj? g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv bMix
Px‡b kvs hyM K‡e ïiæ n‡q wQj? 1122 wLªóv‡ã|
BD‡ivcxq Kv‡`i ‡_‡K Kjg, Kvwj I KvM‡Ri e¨envi wk‡L? wdwbkxq|
KZ wLªóc~‡e© cvim¨ m¤ªvR¨ M‡o D‡V? 600 wLªóc~e©|
MÖxK exi Av‡jKRvÛvi K‡e cvim¨ m¤ªvR¨ AwaKvi K‡ib? 330 wLªóc~‡e©|
cvim¨ mv¤ªv‡R¨i Aci bvg wK? GK‡gwbW mv¤ªvR¨|
‡K cvimxq w`bcyÄx •Zix K‡ib? `vwiqym|
cvim¨ ¯vc‡Z¨i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb‡`k©b †KvbwU? KvBiv‡mi mgvwa|
cvim¨ BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q mdj kvmK †K? `vwbqye|
cvimxqiv wjwc wjL‡j KqwU wKDwbdg© wPý e¨envi KiZ? 39 wU|
cvim¨ mf¨Zvi wjLb c×wZ‡Z KqwU fvlvi cÖPjb wQj? 2 wU|
Kviv 12 gvm 1 eQi I 30 w`‡b 1 gvm MYbvi ixwZ cÖeZ©b K‡ib? cvimxqiv|
wneªæ‡`i Avw` evm †Kv_vq wQj? Avie giæf~wg‡Z|
Ck^‡ii Avivabvi K_v cÖ_g cÖPvi K‡ib Kviv? wneªæiv|
wneªæ wek^vm †Kvb a‡g©i wfwË •Zix K‡iwQj? wLªóvb a‡g©i|
eZ©gvb BmivB‡ji Awaevmxiv Kv‡`i eskai wQ‡jb? wneªæ‡`i|
wneªæ cÖ_g ag©xq †bZv †K wQ‡jb? ‡mvgwUK|
Px‡bi bMi mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj KLb? cÖvq Pvi nvRvi eQi Av‡M|
‡Kvb b`xi Zx‡i kvO ivRviv mf¨Zv M‡o Zz‡j? ‡nvqvs‡nv|
kvO hy‡M wK‡mi wRwbm e¨eüZ nZ? ‡eªv‡Äi|
Pxbv Rb‡Mvôx g~jZ †Kvb †Mvôxi es‡kv`~Z? g‡½vjxq|
BwRqvb mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V ‡Kvb AÂj‡K wb‡q? BwRqb mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x c~e© ejKvb AÂj|
BwRqvb mf¨Zvi weKvk nq †Kvb mgqKv‡j? wLªóc~e© 4000 A‡ã|
BwRqvb mf¨Zvi Z_¨ †Kv_v †_‡K cvIqv hvq? MÖxK Kwe †nvgv‡ii BwjqW I I‡Wmx Kv‡e¨|
Uªq, gvB‡mbxq, wUwibm A‡ji bMixi aŸsmv‡kl †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib? Rvg©vb c~ivZvwË¡K nvBbwiL wkøg¨vb|
BD‡iv‡ci †Kvb A‡ji gvby‡liv cÖ_g avZzi hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i? c~e© ejKvb A‡ji gvbyl|
KZ wLªóv‡ã BwRqvb mf¨Zvi cZb N‡V? 1200 wLªóv‡ã|
MÖxK I AMÖxK ms¯‥…wZi wgkÖ‡Y wgk‡ii Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h bZzb ‡n‡jwbwóK ms¯‥…wZ|
ms¯‥…wZi Rb¥ nq Zvi bvg wK?
MÖx‡Ki BwZnvm 1100 †_‡K 750 wLªóvã mgq ch©šÍ mgqKvj wK bv‡g ‡nvgvixq hyM|
cwiwPZ wQj?
BwZnv‡mi RbK ejv nq Kv‡K? MÖxK BwZnvm‡eËv †n‡iv‡WvUvm|
‣eÁvwbK BwZnv‡mi RbK ejv nq Kv‡K? _ywKWvBwWm|
‣PwbK mf¨Zv †Kv_vq M‡o D‡VwQj? ‡nvqvs‡nv, BqvswmwKqvs I `wÿb Px‡b|
‡P․ ivRv‡`i AvwacZ¨ Px‡b KZ eQi wU‡KwQj? 873 eQi|
‡n‡jwbwóK mf¨Zvi wejywß N‡U †Kvb mgq? wLªóc~e© 31 A‡ã|
‡Kvb m¤ªvU wLªóag©‡K †iv‡gi ivóªa‡g©i gh©v`v †`b? Kb÷vbUvBb|
‡iv‡gi cÖavb †`eZvi bvg wK? RywcUvm|
me©cÖ_g †ivgvb AvBb msKjb Kiv nq wK‡m? 12 wU †evÄ cv‡Z|
‡ivgvb mf¨Zvi cZb N‡U K‡e? 476 wLªóv‡ã|
Kvi kvmb Avg‡j †iv‡g `vmZ¡ cÖ_vi wejywß N‡U? AMvóv‡mi|
Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve N‡U †Kvb mgqKv‡j? mßg kZvwã‡Z|
AvivevZ k‡ãi A_© wK? e„ÿjZvnxb giæf~wg|
Bmjv‡gi me©cÖ_g Ni †KvbwU? Kvev|
KvevM„‡n †gvU KZwU †`e-‡`exi g~wZ© wQj? 360 wU|
û`vBweqv wK‡mi bvg? GKwU K~‡ci bvg|
`viæj b`Iqv wK KzivBk‡`i gš¿Yv M„n|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m Avbmvi bv‡g Kviv AewnZ? g`xbvi ¯^v_© Z¨vMx gymjgvb‡`i|
K‡e †_‡K wnRix MbYv ïiæ nq? 622 mvj †_‡K|
Kvi mgq †_‡K wnRix mvj MbYv nq? nhiZ Igi (iv)|
Bmjv‡gi me©cÖ_g gmwR` †Kv_vq wbwg©Z nq? Kzevq|
c„w_exi gvbwPÎ Kviv cÖ_g A¼b K‡ib? MÖxK weÁvbxiv|
Kvi kvmb Avg‡j MÖx‡m Awjw¤ú‡Ki hvÎv ïiæ nq? ivRv BwdUvm|
Kviv e¨Äbe‡Y©i mv‡_ ¯^ieY© †hvM K‡iwQ‡jb? MÖxKiv|
MÖx‡m Awjw¤ú‡Ki hvÎv ïiæ nq KLb? 776 wLªóc~e©|
‡n‡jwbwóK mf¨Zvi DrcwË I weKv‡k Kvi f~wgKv cÖavb? g¨vwm‡Wvb AwacwZ Av‡jKRvÛvi `¨v †MÖU|
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii wkÿv¸iæ wQ‡jb †K? ‡cø‡Uvi wkl¨ weL¨vZ `vk©wbK GwióUj|
c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg wek^we`¨vjq †KvbwU? jvBwmqvg wek^we`¨vjq|
jvBwmqvg wek^we`¨vjq ‡K ¯vcb K‡ib? MÖxK `vk©wbK GwióUj|
wek^ mf¨Zvi K‡e hvÎv ïiæ nq? wLªóc~e© 5000 Aã †_‡K|
c„w_exi cÖ_g mf¨Zv ejv nq †Kvb mf¨Zv ‡K? wgkixq mf¨Zv‡K|
‡nv‡gv m¨vwc‡qÝ ev AvaywbK gvby‡li D™¢e nq †Kvb hy‡M? ‡m‡bv‡RvwqK hy‡M|
AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZMZ w`K w`‡q gvbe RvwZ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q? Pvi fv‡M, (A‡óªj‡qW, g½j‡qW, wb‡MÖv‡qW I K‡Kkxq)
cv_i hyM Kq fv‡M wef³ I wK wK? `yB fv‡M, h_v- cy‡ivcjxq hyM, b‡evcjxq hyM|
Bmjv‡gi me©cÖ_g wkÿv‡K›`ª †KvbwU? `viæj AvivKvg, g`xbv|
`wÿb Av‡gwiKvq †Kvb mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj? BbKv mf¨Zv|
BbKv mf¨Zvi ¯cwZ †K wQ‡jb? gvb‡Kv Kv‡cb|
me©cÖ_g Kviv Rj †m‡Pi c×wZ Avwe®‥vi K‡iwQ‡jb? BbKv iv|
KZ kZvãx‡Z BbKv mf¨Zv aŸsm nq? †lvok kZvãx‡Z|

Av‡jvPbvi welq:- Gwkqv gnv‡`k, Pxb, fviZ, Rvcvb

(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
Gwkqv gnv‡`kt
44wU †`k wb‡q Gwkqv gnv‡`k MwVZ|
c~e© Gwkqv 5wU †`k ( Pxb +......) cwðg Gwkqv 14wU †`k| `wÿY Gwkqv 9wU †`k (evsjv‡`k + mvK©fz³ †`k)
`wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv 11wU †`k Ges ga¨ Gwkqvi †`k 5wU|
c„w_exi me‡P‡q e„nËg gnv‡`k Gwkqv| Gwkqvi wn›`y ivóª Z_v c„w_exi GKgvÎ wn›`y ivóª wQj †bcvj| Z‡e 2006 mv‡j AvBb cv‡ki
gva¨‡g †bcvj‡K ag© wbi‡cÿ ivóª †NvlYv Kiv nq| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k †ewk Pv Drcbœ nq| Z‡e Gwkqvi ÿz`ª †`k gvjØxc|
Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwPZ †`k Pxb|

Pxb ::: †hB Kvi‡b Pxb Lye Av‡jvwPZt

Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki c~e© Gwkqvi cvuPwU †`‡ki g‡a¨ Px‡bi Ae¯vb cÖ_‡gB i‡q‡Q| Px‡bi ivRavbx †eBwRs| Px‡bi gy`ªvi bvg BDqvb|
Px‡bi AvBbmfv b¨vkbvj wccjm Ks‡MÖm| Px‡bi fvlv gv›`vwib| Px‡bi cvj©v‡g›U fe‡bi bvg †MÖU nj Ae w` wccjm| AvaywbK Px‡bi
cÖwZôvZv gvI †mZzs| AvaywbK Px‡bi RbK mvb Bqvs †mb| gvI †mZzs Px‡b mvs¯‥…wZK wecø‡ei WvK †`b 11 Rvbyqvwi 1996 mv‡j| The
Art of war myb Ry iPbv K‡ib| Px‡b Ô‡MÖU IqvjÕ ev ÔÔgnvcÖvPxiÓ wbg©vY Kiv nq 214 A‡ã| wUb Drcv`‡bI kxl© †`k Pxb| eZ©gvb
we‡k¦i me‡P‡q A_©‣bwZK ÿgZvai ivóª n‡jv Pxb|
Px‡b †MÖU nj Aew¯Z| Px‡bi Ô‣ØZ A_©bxwZiÕ aviYv cÖavbZ †h ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L M„nxZ Zv nsKs Gi A_©bxwZ‡K mPj ivLv| me©vwaK
cÖwZ‡ewk ivóª Øviv cwi‡ewóZ Pxb I ivwkqv| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ me‡P‡q †ewk Kve©b wbM©gb I B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii †`k Pxb| Px‡b KwgDwbRg
cÖwZwôZ nq 1949 mv‡j|Px‡bi wbKU nsKs n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq 1997 mv‡j| Pxb cÖ_g cvigvYweK †evgvi we‡ùviY NUvq 1964 mv‡j|

nsKs

nsKs e„‡U‡bi Aax‡b wQj 156 eQi| cZz©Mvj g¨vKvI kvmb K‡i 442 eQi| bvbwKs Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq 1842 mv‡ji 29 AvM÷ Pxb I
e„wUk‡`i g‡a¨ ZLb GK‡`k `yB bxwZ Pvjy nq (1997) mv‡j|
ÔÔnsKs fvBivmÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ Ômvm©Õ cÖ_g Px‡b †`Lv hvq| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k BD‡iv‡ci me‡P‡q cÖvPxb I me©‡kl Dcwb‡ek wQj
g¨vKvI|
 Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki Av‡jvwPZ †`k wn‡m‡e fvi‡Zi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqvw` Zy‡j aiv n‡jv|

fviZ

`wÿY Gwkqvi bqwU †`‡ki g‡a¨ fviZ me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwPZ| fviZ ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i 1947 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷| fvi‡Zi ivóªxq
bvg wicvewjK Ae BwÛqv| fvi‡Zi miKvi n‡jv msm`xq| fvi‡Z msm`xq MYZš¿ weivRgvb| fvi‡Zi eZ©gvb cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gv`x|
fvi‡Zi AvBbmfvi bvg cvj©v‡g›U| fvi‡Zi AvBbmfv wØKÿ wewkó| D”PKÿ Ges wb¤œ Kÿ| D”P K‡ÿi bvg ivR¨ mfv ev KvDwÝj
Ae †÷U, Avi wb¤œ K‡ÿi bvg †jvKmfv ev nvDm Ae `¨ wccjm| ‡jvKmfvi eZ©gvb Avmb msL¨v 545 wU| Gi g‡a¨ 2wU Avmb
ivóªcwZ KZ…©K msiwÿZ| †gvU ivR¨ ev cÖ‡`k 29wU| GQvov †K›`ª kvwmZ GjvKv 7wU| fvi‡Zi A½ivR¨ 29wU| fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿xi
evmfe‡bi bvg wbivc` feb| fvi‡Zi cwðge½ cvj©v‡g›U Gi bvg weavbmfv| fviZxq †jvKmfvi wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ msL¨v 543 Rb|
fvi‡Zi RbK n‡jv gnvZ¥v MvÜx| Rbeûj †`k n‡jv fviZ| fvi‡Z cÖ_g †jvKmfv MwVZ n‡qwQj 1952 mv‡j| fvi‡Zi †jvKmfvq
miKvi MVb Ki‡Z b~¨bZg Avm‡bi cÖ‡qvRb 272 wU| fvi‡Zi Kgv‡Ûv evwnbx n‡jv ÔÔeø¨vK K¨vUÓ| fvi‡Zi mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x ivRxe
MvÜxÔÔ‡ev‡dvm© A¯¿Ó †K‡j¼vwii mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| †j․n gvbex bv‡g L¨vZ wQ‡jb Bw›`iv MvÜx| wZwb AvZvZvqxi ¸wj‡Z wbnZ
nb 1984 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei| fviZe‡l© me©cÖ_g ivR¯^ †evW© ¯vcb K‡i Iqv‡ib †nw÷s| ¯^vaxbZvKvjxb fviZ e‡l© fvBmiq wQ‡jb
jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub| fvi‡Zi cÖ_g ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb iv‡R›`ª cÖmv`| HwZnvwmK ÔÔevewi gmwR`Ó fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki AšÍf³ ~© |Kvk¥xi
fvi‡Zi AšÍf³ ~© nq 1947 mv‡j| ÔÔwkqvPb wngevnÓ Ae¯vb Kvk¥x‡i| gnvZ¥v MvÜx `wÿY Avwd«Kvi BwÛqvb AwcwbqbÓ cwÎKvwU
m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb| fvi‡Zi m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re ‡K ÔÔAvjgMxiÕÕ ejv n‡Zv| ÔÔAvKmvB Pxb gnvmoKÓ Aew¯Z Kvk¥x‡i| fvi‡Zi gnvivóª
cÖ‡`‡k ÔÔAÁZv I B‡jvivÓ ¸nvØq Aew¯Z| fviZ n‡jv wewfbœ a‡g©i Drmef~wg| †hgb- wn›`y, †e․×, •Rb, wkL ag©vej¤^x‡`i| fvi‡Zi
DMÖcšx Øviv evewi gmwR` aŸs‡mi jxjv¯Íyc nq 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i| ÔÔjv`vLÓ fviZ I Pxb mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯Z| SvoLÛ iv‡R¨i
miKvi ÔÔevsjv‡KÓ †mLvbKvi wØZxq fvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| ÔÔwke‡mbvÓbvgK m¤úª`vq msMVbwU ÿgZvmxb i‡q‡Q gnvivóª-G|
fvi‡Z †Kwe‡bU wgkb G‡mwQj 1946 mv‡j| •Zgyi js fviZ AvµgY K‡i 1938 mv‡j| fviZxq es‡kv™¢~Z g‡n›`ª †P․ayix ÔÔwdwRsÕÕ
†`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| fviZ †_‡K wbe©wPZ me©‡km wek¦my›`ix ÔÔjviv `ËÓ| fviZ gnv‡`‡k B÷-BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbxi
Aemvb N‡U 1958 mv‡j| fvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wQUgnj Av‡Q 51wU|

Rvcvb

Rvcvb c~e© Gwkqvq Aew¯Z| Rvcv‡bi c~e© bvg wbàb| Rvcv‡bi ivRavbx †UvwKI| c~‡e© ivRavbx wQj wK‡qvUv| Rvcv‡bi AvBbmfv Wv‡qU|
RvZxq cªZxK wµ‡mbw_gvg wmsnvmb, fvlv (Japanese) RvcvwbR, Av‡iv 3wU †`k GB fvlv e¨envi K‡i| GB fvlv e¨enviKvix 122
wgwjqb| Rvcv‡bi ivR‣bwZK `j wijev‡ij †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU©| gy`ªvi bvg B‡qb| Rvcv‡bi miKvi cÖavb‡K ejv nq cÖavbgš¿x, Avi ivóª
cÖavb‡K e‡j m¤ªvU|mvsweavwbK ivRZš¿ n‡jv miKvi c×wZ| †jvKmsL¨vq Rvcv‡bi ivRavbx †UvwKI we‡k¦i e„nËg kni| Rvcv‡bi weL¨vZ
msev`cÎ Avkvwn wk¤^yb I BDwgDwi wk¤^yb Ges †Mv‡q›`v ms¯v bvB‡Kv (Naicho)| Rvcv‡bi wegvb ms¯v Aj wbàb Gqvi I‡qR Ges
†Mwijv ms¯v †iW Avwg©| mgy`ª e›`i n‡jv ImvKv| RvwZmsN wek¦we`¨vjq Aew¯Z †UvwKI (Rvcvb), 1973 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ| Rvcv‡bi
Awaevmx‡`i AvBby ejv nq| AvšÍR©vwZK AvbweK kw³ G‡RwÝi (IAEA) gnvcwiPvjK n‡jv BDwK‡qv Av‡gvbv| Kz‡Wj ØxccyÄ Rvcvb mvM‡i
Aew¯Z, GB ØxccyÄ wb‡q ivwkqv I Rvcv‡bi g‡a¨B we‡iva Pj‡Q|m~h©`‡qi †`k I f~wgK‡¤úi †`k Rvcvb| we‡k¦i me‡P‡q e„nr mvnvh¨`vZv
†`k Rvcvb| Rvcv‡bi mgªvU Dcvwa n‡jv wgKv‡Wv| Rvcv‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv ms¯v n‡jv RvBKv| Rvcv‡bi eZ©gvb mgªvU AvwKwn‡Zv,
125Zg| wZwb wØZxq wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q ivóªcÖavb nb| Rvcv‡bi e„nËg Øxc nbmy, AvqZb 2,31,000 eM© wK.wg.| we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g
Rvcv‡b AvbweK †evgv †djv nq| wn‡ivmxgvq GUg †evg †djv nq 1945 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m| * KY©vi‡÷vb Ae wcm: ¯§„wZ‡m․awU Rvcv‡bi
IwKbvIqv Aew¯Z| 2003 mv‡j AvM÷ gv‡m A‡÷ªjxq mš¿vm `g‡bi Rb¨ †h †iveUwU wbhy³ K‡i‡Q †mwU Rvcv‡bi •Zwi| Pxb-Rvcvb hy×
msNwUZ nq 1937, 7 RyjvB........1945, 2 †m‡Þ¤^i| Rvcvb gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi NvwU cvj nvievj AvµgY K‡i 1941, 7 wW‡m¤^i| Rvcv‡bi
wn‡ivmxgv I bvMvmvwK‡Z cvigvYweK †evgv †djv nq 6, 9 AvM÷ 1945 mv‡j| Rvcv‡b me©cÖ_g wiKkv Avwe®‥vi nq| Rvcv‡bi `wÿ‡Y
weZwK©Z kvLvwbj Øxccy Aew¯Z| Japan is the torof high speed bullet train. Rvcv‡bi bvMvmvwK‡Z ÔÔ÷¨vPz Ae wcmÓ Aew¯Z|
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Rvcv‡bi msweavb‡K ÔÔkvwšÍ msweavbÓ ejv nq| g‡½vwjqv Rvcv‡bi DcRvwZi bvg| w_ª wm÷vi Gi †`k wn‡m‡eI Rvcvb
cwiwPZ (Rvcvb, Rvg©vwb, BZvwj)| Awef³ †Kvwiqv Rvcv‡bi `L‡j wQj|

Av‡jvPbvi welq:- wdwjw¯Íb, cvwK¯Ívb, BivK, Bivb I BmivBj

wdwjw¯Íb

wdwjw¯Íb iv‡óªi †Kvb mve©‡f․gZ¡ †bB| wdwjw¯Íb ivóª ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv cvq 15 b‡f¤^i 1988 mv‡j| ¯^vaxb wdwjw¯Íb‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vbKvix
cÖ_g †`k AvjwRwiqv (1988 mv‡j)|
wdwjw¯Í‡bi ivR‣bwZK msMVb ev †Mwijv ms¯v ÔnvgvmÕ| nvgvm cÖwZwôZ nq 1987 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤^i| nvgv‡mi cÖwZôvZv †kL Avnv¤§`
BqvwQb, WvK bvg Avey Avgi| ÔÔIqv`vÕÕ n‡jv wdwjw¯Í‡bi ivóªxq evZ©v| ÔÔAvj AvKmv Bw¯Ídv`vÓ wdwjw¯Í‡bi gyw³ Av‡›`vjb| Bw¯Ídv`v
k‡ãi A_© Afz¨Ìvb| ÔÔPLOÓ wdwjw¯Í‡bi ¯^vaxbZv msMVb| PLOGi c~Y©iƒc Palastine Leberation Orrganisation.
PLOm`i `ßi Iwi‡q›U nvDR, hv ivgvjøvq Aew¯Z|PLOGi cÖwZôvZvKvjxb †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb Bqvwmb AvivdvZ| wZwb wZDwbwkqvi
wbe©vwmZ Rxeb †Q‡o ¯vqxfv‡e emev‡mi Rb¨ MvRv f~L‡Û Av‡mb 1994 mv‡ji 1jv RyyjvB| wZwb kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib
1994 mv‡j| wZwb wQ‡jb Awemsevw`K †bZv whwb 2004 mv‡ji 11 b‡f¤^i d«v‡Ýi ivRavbx c¨vwi‡mi mvgwiK nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz¨eiY
K‡ib|
c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi Rb¨ Ôwd«Wg †d¬vwUjvÕ Zzi¯‥ †_‡K †cÖwiZ nq| wdwjw¯Íb RvwZms‡Ni ch©‡eÿK iv‡óªi gh©v`v jvf K‡i 2012 mv‡ji 29
b‡f¤^i|
Avie †`k¸‡jv cvðv‡Z¨i †`‡ki Dci †Zj Ae‡iva K‡i 1973 mv‡j| hy³ivóª Pvq BmivBj 13 kZvsk RvqMv wdwjw¯Í‡bi Dci
n¯ÍvšÍi KiæK|
 `wÿY Gwkqvq Aew¯Z cvwK¯vb| cvwK¯Ívb kãwU me©cÖ_g •Zwi K‡ib †P․ayix ingZ Avjx| g~jZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbK †gvnv¤§` Avjx
wRbœvn|
 cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷| cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRavbx Bmjvgvev`| cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvBbmfv RvZxq cwil` I
wm‡bU| †`kxq gy`ªv iƒwc|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi wgR©v Ges cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb (1947-1951)|
 cvwK¯Ívb Ôwfðz¤^jvÕ b`x ZxieZ©x GKwU †`k| cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Mwijv ms¯v ÔÔeøvK wW‡m¤^iÓ|
cvwK¯Ívb GKB mv‡_ ECO Ges G8 Gi m`m¨ †`k wn‡m‡e AšÍf³ ~© |
cvwK¯Ívb Z_v gymwjg we‡k¦i me©cÖ_g gwnjv cÖavbgš¿x †ebRxi fz‡Æv| †ebwRi fz‡Ævi Dcvwa wQj ÔWUvi Ae `¨ B÷Õ|

cvwK¯Ív‡bi me© cÖ_g mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj 1958 mv‡j| GB mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡ib B¯‥v›`vi wgR©v|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cvigvbweK †evgvi RbK Avãyj Kv‡`i Lvb|

 cvwK¯Ív‡b cvigvbweK †evgvi we‡ùviY `yBevi N‡U, ¯vb wQj †ejy¯Ív‡bi PvMvB giæf~wg‡Z, 28 I 29‡g 1998|
 mvK©fz³ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ cvwK¯Ív‡b ÔÔeøvm‡dmx AvBbÓ cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
 fviZ-cvwK¯Ívb G ch©šÍ PviwU hy× msNwUZ nq 1947, 1965, 1971 I 1999|
 ‡Ljva~jvi miÄv‡gi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÔÔwkqvj‡KvUÕÕ weL¨vZ| GKgvÎ cvwK¯Ív‡b cÖKvk¨ a~gcvb wb‡la| GKgvÎ B‡›`v‡bwkqv e¨ZxZ
gymjgvb msL¨vq me©vwaK| ÔÔG‡evUvev`ÕÕ cvwK¯Ív‡b Aew¯Z|
BivK Ges Biv‡bi wKQz ¸iæZ¦c~Y© Z_¨ hv †h †Kvb cixÿvi mnvqK|

*BivK*
Biv‡Ki c~e© bvg †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv| BivK wU‡ei I wmb b`x ZxieZ©x GKwU †`k| e¨wej‡bi SzjšÍ D`¨vb Biv‡K Aew¯Z| Biv‡Ki RbwcÖq kni
dvjyRv| KvievjvI Biv‡K Aew¯Z| ÔÔAvey MvwieÓ Biv‡Ki weL¨vZ KvivMvi| BivK Kz‡qZ `Lj K‡i †bq 1990 mv‡j| BivK....Bivb hy×
msNwUZ nq 22 †m‡Þ¤^i 1980 †_‡K 20 AvM÷ 1988 ch©šÍ| Gi ciciB DcmvMixq hy× msNwUZ nq 2 AvM÷ 1990 †_‡K 28
†deªæqvwi 1991 ch©šÍ| BivK....Bivb hy`&a weiwZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvix RvwZmsN kvwšÍiÿv evwnbx wQj UNIMOG. gvwK©b hy³ivóª BivK AvµgY
K‡i 2003 mv‡ji 20 gvP©| Global Terrorism index Abyhvqx 2014 mv‡j me‡P‡q SzuwKc~Y© ivóª BivK|
 Bivb

Biv‡bi c~e© bvg cvim¨| Biv‡bi bvgKiY Kiv nq 1935 mv‡j| Biv‡bi Bmjvgx wecø‡ei bvqK iæûjøvn AvqvZzjøvn †Lv‡gbx| Biv‡bi ivRZš¿
cZ‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvgx wecøe msMwVZ nq 1979 mv‡j| GB cZ‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †Lv‡gbx wb‡R w`‡qwQ‡jb| Biv‡bi m‡e©v”P ag©xq †bZv mvB‡q`
Avjx û‡mBb Lv‡g‡bB| Avey gymv Øxc wb‡q Bivb mshy³| Avie-AvwgivZ Gi g‡a¨ we‡iva Pj‡Q| BivK... Bivb hy× msNwUZ nIqvi g~j
KviY wQj kvZ-Bj-Avie Rjvavi wbqš¿Y‡K †K›`ª K‡i| Biv‡b †h cvigvbweK cøv›U‡K cÖ_g cvigvbweK A¯¿ Dc‡hvMx Highly Enriched
Uranium cÖ¯w‧ Zi Rb¨ m‡›`n Kiv n‡qwQj Bmdvnvb cøv›U‡K|

BmivBj

Avie iv‡óª BmivBj cÖwZôvi Declaration nq 1948 mv‡ji 14 †g Ges c‡ii w`bB 15 †g BmivBj iv‡óªi cÖwZôv Kvh©Kix nq| Bûw` ivóª
cÖwZôvi cÖwZkÖæwZ cÎ ÔÔ‡ej‡dviÓ †NvlYvi †cÖwÿ‡Z BmivBj iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| †ej‡dvi †NvlYvi NUbvwU N‡U 1917 mv‡j| cÖ_g wek¦hy×
PjvKvjxb †ej‡dvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq wQj Bû`x‡`i Rb¨ GKwU RvwZ ivóª MVb| BmivBj‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix c_g ivóª hy³ivóª, Z‡e cÖ_g
gymwjg †`k Zzi¯‥ (1949) Ges Avie †`‡ki g‡a¨ cÖ_‡g wgki (1979 mv‡j)| BmivBj iv‡óªi ¯^cœ`ªóv wQ‡jb nv‡½ix‡Z †bIqv mvsevw`K
bvU¨Kvi w_I‡Wvi nv‡R©j| 1996 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ MÖš ``Dear Judenstatt” (Bûw` ivóª) G wb‡q wZwb ¯^cœ †`‡L| ZvB w_I‡Wvi nv‡R©j‡K
Bûw` iv‡óªi cÖe³v ejv nq| eZ©gv‡b BmivB‡ji Awaevmxiv wneªæ‡`i eskai| BmivB‡ji eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U wiD‡fb wiWwjs| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui
†gqv`Kvj 7 eQi| cÖ_g bvix cÖavbgš¿x †Mvìv †gqvi| BmivB‡ji †Mv‡q›`v ms¯v †gvmv` (MOSSAD), 1949 mv‡ji 13 wW‡m¤^i cÖwZwôZ
nq Ges mvgwiK †Mv‡q›`v ms¯v Avgvb (AMAN), 1950 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq| Bû`xev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖe³v ev Bû`x emwZ cªwZôvi RbK
iIhveb GWgÛ i_mPvBì| Avie we‡k¦i `ywU †`‡ki mv‡_ A_©vr wgmi I RW©vb Gi mv‡_ BmivB‡ji kvwšÍ Pzw³ i‡q‡Q| Avie-BmivBj Gi
g‡a¨ kvwšÍ Pzw³ wn‡m‡e ÔÔK¨v¤ú †WwfWÕÕ Pzw³ wQj| wgmi-BmivBj K¨v¤ú †WwfW Pzw³ ¯^vÿi nq 1978 mv‡ji 17 †g| K¨v¤ú †WwfW ¯vbwU
hy³iv‡óªi †gwij¨v‡Û Aew¯Z| K¨v¤ú †WwfW Pzw³ D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb hy³iv‡óªi 39Zg †cÖwm‡W›U wRwg KvU©vi|wmwiqv-BmivBj Gi g‡a¨ †Mvjvb
gvjf~wg wb‡q gZwe‡iva i‡q‡Q| G ch©šÍ Avie-BmivBj Gi g‡a¨ 4 evi hy× msNwUZ nq 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973 mv‡j| 1956 mv‡ji
wØZxq hy×wU ÔÔmy‡qR msKUÕÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| ÔÔI‡qwjs IqvjÓ †RiæRv‡j‡g Aew¯Z Bû`x‡`i Rb¨ GKwU cweÎ ¯vb| fvi‡Zi mv‡_
BmivB‡ji †Kvb K~U‣bwZK m¤úK© †bB| BmivB‡ji mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM †bB|

Av‡jvPbvi wel:- A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÛ, `wÿY Av‡gwiKv

A‡÷ªwjqv
A‡÷ªwjqv k‡ãi A_© Gwkqvi `wÿbvÂj| GwU I‡kwbqvi me©e„nr †`k| †MÖU wf‡±vwiqv †`‡ki n«`|1901 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi KgbI‡qj_
Ae A‡÷ªwjqv MwVZ nq| GQvovI A‡÷ªwjqv‡K K¨v½viæi †`kI ejv nq| we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo cÖevj cÖvPxi ÔÔ‡MÖU e¨vwiqvi widÓ
A‡÷ªwjqvi KzBÝj¨v‡Û Aew¯Z| A‡÷ªwjqvi m‡e©v”P ce©Zk„½ †Kvwmqv‡¼v| RbmsL¨vq I AvqZ‡b I‡kwbqvi me©e„nr kni wmWwb|
A‡÷ªwjqvi DòZg gvm Rvbyqvwi Ges kxZjZg gvm RyjvB|

 A‡÷ªwjqv k‡ãi A_© = Gwkqvi `wÿYvÂj

 A‡÷ªwjqv gnv‡`‡ki DòZg gvm= Rvbyqvwi
 The Capital of Australia = K¨vb‡eiv
 KgbI‡qj_fz³ †h †`kwU hy³iv‡R¨i ivRv ev ivbx‡K Zv‡`i ivóªcÖavb wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i = A‡÷ªwjqv|
 KzBÝj¨v‡Û †h †`‡ki Ask = A‡÷ªwjqv
 The smallest continent of the earth we‡k¦i me‡P‡q †QvU gnv‡`k = A‡÷ªwjqv|
 2012 mv‡j Kve©b Pvjy K‡i = A‡÷ªwjqv
 jvswdm cvIqv hvq = A‡÷ªwjqv
 wbDwRj¨vÛ

‡b`vij¨v‡Ûi ÔÔwRj¨vÛÕÕ cÖ‡`‡ki bvgvbymv‡i wbDwRj¨vÛ Gi bvgKiY K‡ib WvP bvweK fvmg¨vb| G‡`k‡K `wÿ‡Yi †MÖU weª‡UbI ejv
nq| we‡k¦i cÖ_g 1893 mv‡j wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi †g‡qiv †fvUvwaKvi jvf K‡i| G †`‡ki RvZxq †Ljv ivMex| G †`‡ki Awaevmx‡`i ejv
nq ÔwKDBÕ| 2015 mv‡ji wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc AbywôZ nq A‡÷ªwjqvq I wbDwRj¨v‡Û|

 ‡Kvb †`‡ki gwnjv cª_g †fvUvwaKvi jvf K‡i= wbDwRj¨vÛ|

 gvDwi †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx = wbDwRj¨vÛ|
 wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi Awaevmx †h bv‡g cwiwPZ = wKDB
 Name of Newzealand is Originated from wbDwRj¨vÛ bvgwU DrcwË n‡q‡Q †h bvgwU †_‡K = zealand
(wRj¨vb&&W)

** `wÿY Av‡gwiKv I I‡kwbqvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯vb

..`wÿY Av‡gwiKv..
** dKj¨vÛ**

Gi Aci bvg gvjwfbvm| Av‡R©w›Ubv n‡Z 400 gvBj c~‡e© AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡i Aew¯Z| G ØxcwU weªwUk wbqš¿Yvaxb| 1982 mv‡j G
Øx‡ci gvwjKvbv wb‡ Av‡R©w›Ubv I Bsj¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨ msNl© nq|

** wiI –wW-‡RwbwiI**
eªvwR‡ji cÖv³b ivRavbx | 1992 mv‡j wek¦ awiÎx m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq|

I‡kwbqvi weL¨vZ ¯vb:

** wbDB**
`wÿY cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡i Aew¯Z GKwU Øxc| GwU we‡k¦i e„nËg cevj Øxc| 1901 mv‡j GwU wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi kvm‡b Av‡m|

**wmWwb**

A‡÷ªwjqvi wbD mvD_ I‡qjm cÖ‡`‡ki ivRavbx I A‡÷ªwjqvi me‡P‡q eo bMi| †m․›`‡h©¨i Rb¨ `wÿY Gi ivbx ejv nq| we‡k¦i me©‡kÖô
ckg weµq †K›`ª| 2000 mv‡j 27Zg Awjw¤úK †Mgm GLv‡b AbywôZ nq|

**AKj¨vÛ**

wbDwRj¨vÛ Gi DËi Øx‡c Aew¯Z| wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi Ab¨Zg †kÖô e›`i Ges e„nËg kni|

**WviDBb**

A‡÷ªwjqvi †K›`ª kvwmZ ivR¨ b`©vb †Uwi‡Uvwii ivRavbx Ges A‡÷ªwjqvi Ab¨Zg kni|
 **weªm‡eb**

c~e© A‡÷ªwjqvi Aew¯Z| A‡÷ªwjqvi Ab¨Zg cavb A½ivR¨ KzBÝj¨vÛv‡ii ivRavbx Ges e„nËg kni|

 I‡kwbqv gnv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxb †`k = 14wU dKj¨vÛ ØxcwU Aew¯Z = Av‡R©w›Ubvq

 wek¦ awiÎx m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq= 1992 mv‡j wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi ivRavbx = I‡qwjsUb
 A‡÷ªwjqvi ivRavbx = K¨vb‡eiv wbDB ØxcwU Av‡R©w›Ubvi AvIZvq Av‡m = 1901 mv‡j|
ন

AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj

UwcKm : AvšÍR©vwZK msMVbmg~n Ges •ewk¦K A_©‣bwZK cÖwZôvbvw`

 jxM Ae †bkbm MwVZ nq = 1919 mv‡j

 RvwZmsN cÖwZwôZ nq = 24 A‡±vei 1945 mv‡j
 RvwZms‡Ni eZ©gvb m`m¨ msL¨v = 193
 wek¦e¨vs‡Ki SOFT LOAN WINDOW n‡jv = IDA
 ÔÔ‡eªUb DWm Bbw÷wUDUÓ †h mn‡hvwMZv eySvq = AvBGgGd I wek¦e¨vsK
 GATT Gi cwiewZ©Z iƒc = WTO (1995 mv‡j)
 ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i = UNDP
 mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨ gvÎvi jÿ¨ = AvUwU
 OIC cÖwZwôZ nq = 1969 mv‡j
 ‡RvU wbi‡cÿ cÖ_g kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq = †ej‡MÖW
 KgbI‡qj_ Gi eZ©gvb m`m¨ msL¨v = 53
 BD‡iv gy`ªv Pvjy nq = 1 Rvbyqvwi 1999
 MÖæc-77 †Kvb ai‡Yi †`k wb‡q MwVZ? = Dbœqbkxj
 I‡cK cÖwZôvi cÖ_g D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb = †fwbRy‡qjv
 mvK© cÖwZwôZ nq= 8 wW‡m¤^i 1985
 wegm‡UK †h ai‡Yi cªwZôvb = A_©‣bwZK
 ‡iWµ‡mi cÖwZôvZv n‡jb = †nbwi Wzbv›U
 ‡iWµm cÖwZwôZ nq = 9 †deªæqvwi 1863 mv‡j
 Aviwem wK? = DbœZ Pÿz nvmcvZvj
 IUCN Gi KvR n‡jv wek¦e¨vcx = cªvK…wZK m¤ú` msiÿY Kiv

.msMVb.

o G-8 = cÖwZwôZ nq 15 b‡f¤^i 1975 mv‡j| m`m¨ msL¨v 7|

o D-8 = 15 Ryb 1997 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ| m`i`ßi Zzi‡¯‥| m`m¨ msL¨v 8|
 o ADB = Asian Development Bank. cÖwZwôZ nq 1966 mv‡j| m`i`ßi g¨vwjbv-wdwjcvBb| m`m¨ msL¨v 67|
o IDB = Islamic Development Bank. cÖwZwôZ nq 20 A‡±vei 1975 mv‡j| m`i`ßi †RÏv-‡m․w`Avie| m`m¨
msL¨v 56|
o IMF = International Monetary Fund. cÖwZwôZ nq 1944 mv‡ji 1-22 RyjvB hy³iv‡óªi wbD n¨v¤úkvqv‡ii
†eªUb DW‡mi gvD›U IqvwksUb †nv‡U‡j AbywôZ 45wU †`‡ki cÖwZwbwa`‡ji Ask MÖn‡Y M„nxZ nq| AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
cÖwZwôZ nq 27 wW‡m¤^i 1945 mv‡j| Kvh©µg ïiæ nq 1 gvP© 1947 mv‡j| m`i`ßi IqvwksUb wWwm-hy³ivóª|
o APEC = Asia Pacific Economic co-operation. cÖwZwôZ nq 6 b‡f¤^i 1989 mv‡j& m`i`ßi wm½vcyi| m`m¨
msL¨v 21|
o G-77 = cÖwZwôZ nq 15 Ryb 1964 mv‡j| m`m¨ msL¨v 134|
o G-20 = cÖwZwôZ nq 1999 mv‡j| m`m¨ msL¨v 23|
o CIRDAP = cÖwZwôZ nq 6 RyjvB 1979 mv‡j| m`i`ßi XvKv Pv‡gjx nvDR| m`m¨ msL¨v 15|
o OPEC = Organization of the petroleum Exporting Countries. cÖwZwôZ nq 14 wW‡m¤^i 1960 mv‡j|
m`i`ßi wf‡qbv-Aw÷ªqv| m`m¨ msL¨v 12|
o ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nation. cÖwZwôZ nq 8 AvM÷ 1967 mv‡j| m`i`ßi RvKvZ©v-
B‡›`v‡bwkqv| m`m¨ msL¨v 10|
o SAARC = South Asian Association for Regional Co-Operation. cÖwZwôZ nq 8 wW‡m¤^i 1985 mv‡j|
m`i`ßi KvVgyÛz †bcvj| m`m¨ msL¨v 8.
o ECO = Economic Co-operation Organisation. cÖwZwôZ nq 1985 mv‡j| m`i`ßi †Znivb-Bivb| m`m¨
msL¨v 10|
o BENLUX = cÖwZwôZ nq 1958 mv‡j| m`i`ßi eªv‡mjm-‡ejwRqvg| m`m¨ msL¨v 3|
o SAPTA = South Asian Free Trade Area. cÖwZwôZ nq 11 GwcÖj 1993 mv‡j| m`i`ßi XvKv| m`m¨ msL¨v 8|

.AvÂwjK I ivR‣bwZK †RvU.

 Avie jxM = cÖwZwôZ nq 22 gvP© 1945 mv‡j| m`i`ßi Kvq‡iv-wgki| m`m¨ msL¨v 22|
 CIS= Commonwealth of Independent State. cÖwZwôZ nq 8 wW‡m¤^i 1991 mv‡j| m`i`ßi wgb¯‥-‡ejviæm| m`m¨ msL¨v 11|
 EU = BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb| cÖwZwôZ nq 1993 mv‡j| m`i`ßi eªv‡mjm-‡ejwRqvg| m`m¨ msL¨v 28|
 AU = African Union. cÖwZwôZ nq 9 RyjvB 2002 mv‡j| m`i`ßi AvwÏm Aveviv-Bw_Iwcqv| m`m¨ msL¨v 54|
 GCC = Gulf Co-operation Council. DcmvMixq mn‡hvwMZv ms¯v cÖwZwôZ nq 25 †g 1981 mv‡j| m`i`ßi wiqv`-
‡m․w`Avie| m`m¨ msL¨v 6
 ivRavbx, gy`ªv, AvBbmfv
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

‡`k I ivRavbx
 fzUvb  w_¤úy  Nvbv  Avµv
 kÖxj¼v  Kj‡¤^v  gwikvm  †cvU©jyBm
 gvjØxc  gv‡j  wm‡qivwjqb  wd«UvDb
 AvdMvwb¯Ívb  Kveyj  eªvwRj  eªvwmwjqv
 _vBj¨vÛ  e¨vsKK  wbDwRj¨vÛ  I‡qwjsUb
 wdwjcvBb  g¨vwjbv  A‡÷ªwjqv  K¨vb‡eiv
 wgmi  Kvq‡iv  nvIqvB  nbjyjy
 B‡›`v‡bwkqv  RvKvZ©v  wdwR  myfv
 Av‡R©w›Ubv  ey‡qÝ Avqvm©  ‡b`vij¨vÛ  Avg÷viWvg
 wPwj  mvw›Uqv‡Mv  g‡½vwjqv  DjvbevUi
 BKz‡qWi  wK‡Uv  ‡ejviæk  wgb¯‥
 Rvg©vwb  evwj©b  gw›Uwb‡MÖv  †cvW‡Mvvwi‡Kv
 BZvwj  †ivg  wR¤^vey‡q  nviv‡i
 DR‡ewK¯Ívb  ZvmL›`  `wÿY my`vb  Ryev
 ZvwRwK¯Ívb = `ykvb‡e  B‡q‡gb  mvbv
 jvIm = wf‡qZbvg  wMÖm  G‡_Ý
 eªybvB  e›`i‡mwi †eMIqvb  AvBfwi‡Kv÷  Avwe`Rvb
 DËi †Kvwiqv  wcqsBqs  ‡¯úb  gvw`ª`
 `wÿb †Kvwiqv  wmDj  ‡WbgvK©  †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb
 Bivb  †Znivb  ¯‥¨vUj¨vÛ  GwWbevM
 wmwiqv  `v‡g¯‥ GKB †`‡ki bvg I ivRavbx..
 mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ  `yevB
 KvZvi  †`vnv  wm½vcyi  wm½vcyi wmwU
 wjweqv  wÎcjx  cvbvgv  cvbvgv wmwU
 gv‡j‡qwkqv  Kzqvjvjvgcyi  ¸qv‡Zbvgv  ¸qv‡Zbvgv wmwU
 Di渇q  g‡›UwfwWI  jy‡·gevM©  jy‡·gevM© wmwU
 Kjvw¤^qv  †evMvZv  mvb‡gwi‡bv  mvb‡gwi‡bv
 ‡ciæ  wjgv  wReywZ  wReywZ
 gvqvbgvi  bvBwc‡`v  f¨vwUKvb  f¨vwUKvb wmwU
 dªvÝ  c¨vwim  Ky‡qZ  Kz‡qZ wmwU
 wf‡qZbvg  n¨vbq  ‡gvbv‡Kv  †gvbv‡Kv wmwU
 K‡¤^vwWqv  bg‡cb  wReªvëvi  wReªvëvi
 c~e© wZgyi  w`wj
 UwcKt gy`ªvwfwËK †`k

 Wjvi = wm½vcyi, evnvivBb, c~e© wZgyi, jvB‡ewiqv, wR¤^vey‡q, hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, wbDwRj¨vÛ, wdwR| (LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb‡¤œv³¸‡jv)-
[eªæbvB, eve©v‡Wvm, evnvgv ØxccyÄ, †ewjR, MÖvbvWv, R¨vgvBK¨v, wÎwb`v` I †Uvev‡Mv, †m›U jywmqv, Gw›U¸jv A¨vÛ gvigyWv, Mvqvbv, gvk©vj
ØxccyÄ, cvjvD, Uzf¨vjy, bvDiæ, wKwievwZ, †mvggvb ØxccyÄ|]
 BD‡iv= we‡kl K‡i dzUej †Ljvi me †`k GB gy`ªvi bvg Av‡Q| d«vÝ, Rvg©vwb, BZvwj, †¯úb, Aw÷ªqv, cZz©Mvj, †ejwRqvg, jy‡·gevM©,
Avqvij¨vÛ, †b`vij¨vÛ, wdbj¨vÛ, wMÖm, †¯øv‡fwbqv, †¯øvfvwKqv, mvBcÖvm, gvëv|

BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb fz³ †`k bq= LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©:- †gvbv‡Kv, mvb‡gwi‡bv, G‡Ûviv, gw›Uwb‡MÖv, K‡mvfv, I f¨vwUKvb wmwU|

‡h †Kvb cÖwZ‡hvMxZv g~jK cixÿvq cÖkœ n‡j wb‡¤œv³ †lvjwU †_‡KB nq-

 wiswMZ = gv‡jwkqv
 wKqvU = wgqvbgvi
 Ws = wf‡qZbvg
 R‡jvwU = †cvj¨vÛ
 ‡dvwi›U = nv‡½wi
 ‡iÛ = `wÿb Avwd«Kv
 ¸jUªvg = fzUvb
 wjiv= Zzi¯‥
 B‡qb == Rvcvb
 ev_ = _vBj¨vÛ
 Dqb = `wÿb †Kvwiqv
 BDqvb = Pxb
 wkwjs = DMvÛv, †Kwbqv, †mvgvwjqv, ZvbRvwbqv
 ‡mvg = DR‡ewK¯Ívb, wKiwR¯Ívb
 µvbv = Avqvij¨vÛ, †WbgvK©, myB‡Wb, biI‡q|
 ‡c‡mv = wdwjcvBb, †gw·‡Kv, wKDev, Av‡R©w›Ubv, wPwj, Di渇q, K‡¤^vwWqv, ewjwfqv
 d«v¼ = (LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©) g¨vwj, wMwb, Pvu`, M¨veb, K‡½v, iæqvÛv, eyiywÛ, wReywZ, bvBRvi, †ewbb, †Uv‡Mv, gvjgvwQ, ga¨ Avwd«Kvb
cÖRvZš¿|
 wewfbœ †`‡ki gy`ªv
‡UKwb‡K g‡b ivLyb

‡h mKj †`‡ki gy`ªvi bvg Òw`bviÓ

‡UKwbK : AvR wZmv I wjev KB wWbvi Ki‡e?
Av = Avj‡Rwiqv R = RW©vb wZ = wZDwbwkqv mv = mvwe©qv
wj = wjweqv ev = evnivBb K = Kz‡qZ B = BivK
wWbvi = w`bvi
‡h mKj †`‡ki gy`ªvi bvg ÒWjviÓ
‡UKwbK : Mwb gvwSi RvgvB HSC cvk K‡i BBA co‡Z A‡÷ªwjqv †Mj|
M = Mvqbv wb = wbDwRj¨vÛ gv = gvwK©b hy³ivóª wS = wR¤^vey‡q
Rv = RvgvBKv gv = gvk©vj AvBj¨vÛ B = BKz‡qWi H = nsKs
S = wmsMvcyi C = KvbvWv B = †ewjR B = eªæbvB
A = Gw›U¸qv I evigyWv A‡÷ªwjqv = A‡÷ªwjqv ‡Mj = MÖvbvWv
‡µvbv
‡UKwbK : Ò‡Wbgv‡K© AvmybÓ
‡Wbgv‡K© = †WbgvK© Av = AvBmj¨vÛ my = myB‡Wb b = biI‡q
cvDÛ
‡UKwbK : hy³iv‡R¨ wmmv
wg‡j = cvDÛ hy³ivR¨ = hy³ivR¨ wm = wmwiqv mv = mvBcÖvm
wg = wgki ‡j = †jevbb
wkwjs
‡UKwbK : ‡mvgev‡i †KD Zvm
‡L‡jv = wkwjs ‡mvg = †mvgvwjqv ‡K = †Kwbqv D = DMvÛv Zvm = ZvÄvwbqv
wjiv
‡UKwbK : †Zvi †ewU?? Ñ wjiv
‡Zvi = Zzi¯‥ ‡ewU = f¨vwUKvb
BD‡iv
‡UKwbK : ABC Rvj w`‡q mvbg¨vwi‡bv FISH a‡i MAMA i Kv‡Q SPAIN cvVvb|
A = Aw÷ªqv, Avqvij¨vÛ B = †ejwRqvig, f¨vwUK¨vb C = mvBcÖvm Rv = Rvg©vwb
j = jy‡·gevM© w`‡q mvbg¨vwi‡bv = mvbg¨vwi‡bv F = France, wdbj¨vÛ I = Italy
S = Spain H = Holland M = ‡gvbv‡Kv A = G‡¯Ívwbqv
M = gw›Uwb‡MÖv, gvëv A = G‡Ûviv Kv‡Q = K‡mv‡fv S = ‡¯øv‡fwbqv,†¯øvfvwKqv
 P = cZz©Mvj A = Athence (MÖxm) Avqvij¨vÛ
wi‡qj
‡UKwbK : Igv B‡q‡gb †`LwQ wi‡qwj Biv‡bi KvZv K¤^j wb‡q mDw` hvq| we:`ª: eÜbxi wfZi ivRavbx|
Igv = Igvb (Av¤§vb) B‡q‡gb = (mvbv) Bivb = (†Znivb) KvZv = KvZvi (‡`vnv)
K¤^j = K¤¢wWqv (bg †cb) m Dw` = m Dw` Avie (wiqv`)

iæwc
†UKwbK : iæwci fvwi‡Z kÖx †b cv wm‡P g‡i|
fvwi‡Z = fviZ kÖx = kÖxjsKv ‡b = †bcvj cv = cvwK¯Ívb wm‡P = wm‡Pwjm g‡i = gwimvm
cvDÛ
†UKwbK : mywg UK G wj‡Pb÷vBb _v‡K|
my = myBRvij¨vÛ, wmwiqv, wj‡Pb÷vBb = wj‡Pb÷vBb,
wg = wgki UK = hy³ivR¨ (cvDÛ ÷vwj©s)
my`vb †jevbb
†c‡mv
†UKwbK : AvR Kj¤^vm wPwj VS Di渇qi dzU ej match ‡`L‡e|
AvR = Av‡R©wUbv Kj¤^vm = Kjw¤^qv wPwj = wPwj Di渇qi = Di渇q dzU = wdwjcvBb
ej = ewjwfqv match = †gw·‡Kv

wewfbœ †`‡ki AvBbmfv

cÖ_‡gB †hme †`‡ki AvBbmfv GKKÿ wewkót-

‡UKwbK:- bkÖxW Avg‡`, gb KZ? Bm PzBd|
 b = biI‡q = b¨vkbvj wccjm Ks‡MÖm
 kÖx = kÖxjsKv = wmsnvjv
 W = †WbgvK© = †dv‡KwUs
 Av = AvdMvwb¯Ívb = jqvR wRicv
 g = g‡½vwjqv = _yivj
 ‡` = `wÿY †Kvwiqv = b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wj
 g = gvjØxc = gRwjm
 K = DËi †Kvwiqv = mywcÖg wccjm Ks‡MÖm
 Z = Zzi¯‥ = MÖvÛ b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wj
 B= Bivb = gRwjm
 m = myBRvij¨vÛ = †dWv‡ij G¨v‡m¤^wj
 m= myB‡Wb = wiLmW¨vm
 Pz= Pxb= b¨vkbvj wccjm Ks‡MÖm
 B= BmivBj= †b‡mU
 d = wdbj¨vÛ = GWzmKzÛv/ wiLmW¨vm
 wØKÿ wewkó AvBbmfv

‡UKwbK:- Avcviv Rvdhyf hyRfv

‡`k = AvBbmfv = D”PKÿ = wb¤œKÿ

 Av = AvdMvwb¯Ívb = Ks‡MÖm = wm‡bU = nvDR Ae wi‡cÖ‡R›UwUfm

 cv= †cvj¨Û = cvj©v‡g›U =wm‡bU= mxg
 iv = ivwkqv †dWv‡ij A¨v‡m¤^wj = †dWv‡ikb KvDwÝj = ‡÷U Wzgv
 Rv = Rvcvb=Wv‡qU= nvDm Ae KvDwÝjim = nvDR Ae wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwUfm
 d = d«vÝ = cvj©v‡g›U = wm‡bU = b¨vkbvj G‡m¤^wj
 hy = hy³ivóª = Ks‡MÖm = wm‡bU = nvDR Ae wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwUfm
 f = fzUvb = cvj©v‡g›U = b¨vkbvj KvDwÝj = b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wj
 hy= hy³ivR¨ = cvj©v‡g›U = nvDR Ae jW©m = nvDR Ae KgÝ
 R = Rvg©vwb= cvj©v‡g›U = eyb‡WmU¨vc =eyb‡Wm‡iU
 fv = fviZ = cvj©v‡g›U = ivR¨mfv = †jvKmfv

welq t RvwZmsN
RvwZmsN MV‡bi cÖavb D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U GdwW iæR‡fë| wZwb RvwZmsN Gi bvgKiY K‡ib| RvwZms‡Ni bvgKiY Kiv nq
1 Rvbyqvwi, 1942| RvwZms‡Ni mwPevjq Gi cÖavb n‡j gnvmwPe| RvwZms‡Ni m`i `ßi wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª| vwZms‡Ni BD‡ivcxq Kvh©vj‡q
†R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ| RvwZms‡Ni m`i `߇i RvqMvwU `vb K‡ib Rb wWiK‡djvi Rywbqi| RvwZms‡Ni m`i `߇ii ¯cwZ WweøD n¨vwimb|
RvwZms‡Ni mb` ¯^vÿwiZ nq 26 Ryb, 1945 mv‡j| RvwZmsN mb` Kvh©Kix nq 24 A‡±vei 1945| RvwZms‡Ni mb‡`i iPwqZv AvwP©evì
g¨vK‡jBk| cÖwZeQi RvwZmsN w`em cvwjZ nq 24 †k A‡±vei| RvwZms‡Ni cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ †`k mvaviY cwil‡`i|

RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i cÖavb‡K e‡j mfvcwZ| RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq jÛ‡bi I‡q÷ wgwb÷vi
n‡j| RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nq 1 eQ‡ii Rb¨| RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i wbqwgZ evwl©K Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq
†m‡Þ¤^i gv‡mi Z…Zxq g½jevi| wbivcËv cwil‡`i m`m¨ iv‡óªi msL¨v 15wU| wbivcËv cwil‡`i ¯vqx m`m¨ ivóª 5wU| (Pxb, d«vÝ, ivwkqv,
hy³ivóª I hy³ivR¨)| A¯vqx ‡`k 10wU|

wbivcËv cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb RvwZms‡Ni m`i`߇ii Qvov Ab¨Î AbywôZ nq 2 evi| wbivcËv cwil‡`i A¯vqx m`m¨ 2 eQ‡ii Rb¨|
wbivcËv cwil‡`i mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nq 1 gv‡mi Rb¨| wbivcËv cwil‡`i †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Kgc‡ÿ 9 m`m¨ ‡`‡ki m¤§wZi
cÖ‡qvRb nq, (5wU ¯vqx m`m¨ ivóªmn AwZwi³ 4wU m`m¨ iv‡óªi)

A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb mvaviY eQ‡i `yÕevi e‡m, Zv GKgvm e¨vcx| A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i m`l¨ 3 eQ‡ii
Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ nb| A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i m`m¨ †`k 54wU| AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ cÖwZwôZ nq 24 A‡±vei, 1945 mv‡j|

AvšÍRv© wZK Av`vj‡Zi wePvi‡Ki msL¨v 15Rb|

AvšÍRv© wZK Av`vj‡Zi wePvi‡Ki †gqv`Kvj 9 eQi| RvwZms‡Ni Awdwmqvj fvlv 6wU| (Bs‡iwR, Aviweg dviwm, Pxbv, iæk, ¯ú¨vwbk)|
RvwZms‡Ni ev‡RU mvaviY cwil‡` †NvwlZ nq| RvwZmsN mb‡` cÖ_‡g 51wU †`k ¯^vÿi K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni c_g gnvmwPe wQ‡jb UªvBM‡f
jvB (biI‡q) (1946 †_‡K 1952)| RvwZmsN mwPevj‡qi Kg©KZ©v Kg©PvwiMY Zv‡`i KvRK‡g©i fvlv wn‡m‡e Bs‡iwR A_ev divwm e¨envi
K‡ib|
 RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe
kvwšÍ‡Z gi‡YvËi †bv‡ej cyi®‥vi `¨vM n¨vgvi‡kì (1961 mv‡j) , eZ©gv‡b gnvmwPe ¸Z‡im|

AvqZ‡b RvwZms‡Ni †QvU †`k †gvbv‡Kv (1.95 eM© wK.wg.) RbmsL¨vq RvwZms‡Ni †QvU †`k Uªyf¨vjy| †cvj¨vÛ cÖ_‡g RvwZmsN mb‡` ¯^vÿi
bv K‡iI RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ nq|

RvwZmsN wek¦we`¨vjq Aew¯Z †UvwKI (Rvcvb)| RvwZms‡Ni m‡e©v”P Kg©KZ©v gnvmwPe| AwQ cwil` mvaviY cwil‡`i Aax‡b KvR K‡i|
RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe wegvb `~N©Ubvq gviv hvb `¨vM n¨vgvi‡kì (myB‡Wb, 1961)| RvwZms‡Ni m`i `ßiwU 17 GKi Rwgi Dci cÖwZwôZ
nq| RvwZms‡Ni Av‡qi g~j Drm m`l¨ †`kmg~‡ni Pvu`v| RvwZmsN Gi gnvmwPe wbivcËv cwil‡`i mycvwi‡k wbhy³ nb| RvwZms‡Ni
GKgvÎ gymjgvb gnvmwPe Kwd Avbvb, Nvbv, 7g| D _v›U wgqvbgv‡ii Awaevmx wQ‡jb| RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`k Pvu`vi cwigvY wbR¯^ ev‡R‡Ui
0.01% Ask| evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni 29 Zg Awa‡ek‡b m`m¨ c` jvf K‡i|
 AvšÍRv© wZK welqvewj
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
‣ewk¦K BwZnvm, AvÂwjK I AvšÍR©vwZK e¨e¯v I f~-ivRbxwZ
o we‡k¦i me‡P‡q cªvPxb mf¨Zv M‡o D‡VwQj= †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvq o ev›`ys kniwU †Kv_vq Aew¯Z.? = B‡›`v‡bwkqv
o mßv‡ni mvZ w`b‡K wef³ K‡i = K¨vjWxqiv o ‡Kvb †`kwU I‡kwbqv A‡ji AšÍf~©³ = bvDiæ
o c„w_exei cÖ_g wjwLZ AvB‡bi cªYqb nq = e¨vwej‡b o ‡KvbwU wbkxZ m~‡h©i †`k? = biI‡q
o MYZ‡š¿i m~wZKvMvi n‡jv = MÖxK o ‡KvbwU wPikvwšÍi kni = †ivg
o BwZnv‡mi RbK ev wcZv = †n‡iv‡WvUvm o ‡iwbb cÖRvZš¿ †Kvb gnv‡`‡k Aew¯Z? = Avwd«Kv
o Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki AvqZb BD‡iv‡ci = mv‡o Pvi¸Y o ivwkqvi c~e©v‡ji me©e„nr kni †KvbwU? = føvw`f÷K
o we‡k¦i cÖ_g a~gcvb gy³ †`k = f~Uvb o K‡mvfvi ivRavbx = wcÖw›Ubv
o cÖvPxb Kv‡j cvim¨ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj = Bivb o ga¨ Gwkqvq Aew¯Z me©e„nr cÖRvZš¿= KvRvL¯Ívb
o ¯^vaxbZvi c~‡e© c~e© wZgyi †h †`‡ki Aax‡b wQj = B‡›`v‡bwkqv o we‡k¦i †Kvb kni wbwl× kni bv‡g cwiwPZ? = jvvmv
o fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖwZwôZ nq = 1885 mv‡j o nvRvi n«‡`i/ nvRvi Øx‡ci †`k = wdbj¨vÛ
o ÔAvie emšÍÕ ej‡Z eySvq= Avi‡ei wewfbœ †`‡k MYRvMiY o mvK©fz³ †Kvb †`‡k wek¦we`¨vjq †bB? = gvjØxc
o `ywU gnv‡`‡ki AšÍf~©³ †`k = Zzi®‥ o Iqvjw÷ªU Aew¯Z = wbDBqK©
o gv`vi †Z‡imv Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib = †gwm‡Wvwbqv o K‡½vi ivRavbx = wKbmvmv
o fvi‡Zi A½ ivR¨ i‡q‡Q = 29wU o RbmsL¨vq we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo gymwjg †`k = B‡›`v‡bwkqv
o Px‡bi •ØZ A_©bxwZi KviY = nsKs Gi A_©bxwZ mPj ivLv o Kvievjv eZ©gv‡b †Kv_vq Aew¯Z? = Biv‡K
o ÔKY©vi‡÷vb Ae wcmÕ ¯§„wZ‡m․awU Aew¯Z = IwKbvIqv, Rvcvb o Px‡bi `ytL bv‡g cwiwPZ= †nvqvs‡nv b`x
o ‡bcv‡ji me©‡kl ivRv wQ‡jb = Áv‡b›`ª o me‡P‡q †ewk Pv Drcv`b nq = Gwkqv
o Avie †¯úb‡K AwfwnZ KiZ = AvB‡eixq DcØxc bv‡g o Gwkqvi GKgvÎ †e․× ivóª = kÖxj¼v
o wMÖbj¨v‡Ûi Gi gvwjKvbv = †Wbgv‡K©i o Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi g~j Drm = K…wl
o c~e© Rvgv©wb I cwðg Rvg©vwb GKwÎZ nq = 3 A‡±vei 1990 †fvM nq o Gwkqvi e„nËg n«` = K¨vw¤úqvb mvMi
1961 mv‡j o East London Aew¯Z = `wÿb Avwd«Kvq
o ‡h †`‡ki miKvi cÖavb‡K P¨v‡Ýji ejv nq = Rvg©vwb I Aw÷ªqv o `wÿY Avwd«Kvq KZ eQi †k¦Zv½ kvmb wQj = 342 eQi
o ‡h †`‡ki msweavb AwjwLZ = hy³ivR¨ o ‡nvqvs‡nv b`xi DrcwË n‡qwQj = Kzbjyb ce©Z
o msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i DrcwË †h †`‡k = Bsj¨v‡Û o BD‡iv‡ci KK©wcU ejv nq = †ejwRqvg †K
o d«v‡Ýi †cÖwm‡W›U Gi evmefe‡bi bvg wK? = Gwjwm cÖvmv` o wMÖb wcP †Kvb †`‡ki cwi‡ekev`x MÖæc = †b`vij¨vÛ (1971
o BD‡iv‡ci †i‡bmvu ïiæ nq= PZz`©k kZvãx‡Z cÖwZwôZ)
o wnUjv‡ii ivR‣bwZK `‡ji bvg wK? = Nazi party o hy³iv‡óªi BDwbq‡b me©‡kl hy³ nq = nvIqvB (1959)
o `wÿY Avwd«Kvi †k¦Zv½ †cÖwm‡W›U = wW K¬vK© o hy³iv‡óªi †Kvb †÷ªUwU d«v‡Ýi wbKU †_‡K µq Kiv nq =
o hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ n‡Z n‡j b~¨bZg B‡jK‡Uªvivj †fv‡Ui jyBwmqvbv 1912 mv‡j
cª‡qvRb = 270
o gvIwi †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx? = wbDwRj¨vÛ
o c„w_ex = †m․iRMr Gi GKwU MÖn Av‡jvPbv: AvÂwjK I AvšÍR©vwZK e¨e¯v:
o c„w_exi RbmsL¨v = 716.21 †KvwU
o m~h‡© K cÖ`wÿY = 365 w`b 5 N›Uv 48 wgwbwU 47 †m‡KÛ o fvi‡Z weªwUk‡`i AvMgb = 1608 mv‡j
o c„w_exi gnv‡`k msL¨v = 7wU o B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi †`Iqvbx kvmb jvf K‡i = 1975
o c„w_exi gnv‡`k¸‡jv= Gwkqv, AvwdªKv, BD‡ivc, DËi Av‡gwiKv, mv‡j
`wÿY Av‡gwiKv, I‡kwbqv, I G›UvK©wUKv| o cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxbZv cvq = 14 AvM÷ 1947 mv‡j
o c„w_exi gnvmvMi¸‡jv n‡jv= cvuPwU:- cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi, AvUjvw›UK o fviZ ¯^vaxbZv cvq = 15 AvM÷ 1947 mv‡j
gnvmvMi, fviZ gnvmvMi, DËi gnvmvMi, `wÿY gnvmvMi| o evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv cvq = 26 gvP© 1971 mv‡j
o c„w_exi w`bivZ mgvb nq = 21 gvP© I 23 †m‡Þ¤^i o fvi‡Zi RbK = gnvZ¥v Mvšx
o c„w_exi e„nËg gnv‡`k = Gwkqv o evsjv‡`‡ki RbK = e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
o cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii MfxiZg LvZ = gvwiqvbv †UªÂ o cvwK¯v‡bi RbK = †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn
o c„w_exi ¯^vaxb ivóª = 195 wU o fvi‡Zi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x = RInijvj †b‡niæ
o c„w_ex‡Z MYZvwš¿K ivóª =122 wU o cvvwK¯v‡bi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x = wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb
o me©‡kl ¯^vaxb ivóª = `wÿY my`vb (2011, 9 RyjvB) o fvi‡Zi †kl fvBmiq = jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub
o Gwkqvi weL¨vb AiY¨ = •ZMv o gnvZ¥v MvÜx ivRbxwZ‡Z †hvM †`b = 1917 mv‡j
o Gwkqvi e„nËg giæf~wg= †Mvwe giæf~wg o ‡Wbgv‡K©i cvj©v‡g‡›Ui bvg = †dv‡KwUs
o `wÿY Gwkqvi †Kvb †`‡k mviv eQi e„wócvZ nq?= kÖxjsKv o c„w_exi me©e„nr wjwLZ msweavb = fvi‡Zi msweavb
o RbmsL¨vq Gwkqvi †QvU †`k = gvjØxc
o AvqZ‡b Gwkqvi †QvU †`k = gvjØxc
 AvšÍRv© wZK welqvewj
UwcKm: AvšÍRv© wZK wbivcËv I AvšÍivóªxq ÿgZv m¤úK©
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
hy×, wecøe, Acv‡ikb I cÖwZiÿv
...........hy×................ ........Bmjv‡gi HwZnvwmK hy×.......................
 e`‡ii hy`a msNwUZ nq = 624 wLªóv‡ã  e`i hy× nq = wØZxq wnRwi, 624 mv‡j
 Pxb I hy³iv‡R¨i mv‡Z_ †h hy× n‡qwQj = Avwdg hy×  Iû` hy`a nq = Z…Zxq wnRwi, 625 mvj
 ‡Kvixq hy× Avi¤¢ nq = 1950 mv‡j  L›`‡Ki hy× nq = cÂg wnRwi, 627 mv‡j
 fviZ I Pxb hy× nq = 1962 mv‡j  Lqevi hy× nq = mßg wnRwi, 628 mv‡j
  gyZvi hy`a nq = Aóg wnRwi, 630 mv‡j
................IqvUvi jy hy×.................  g°v weRq = A÷g wnRwi, 630 mv‡j
 weL¨vZ hy× †ÿÎ ÔÔIqvUvi jyÕÕ Aew¯Z= †ejwRqv‡g
 IqvUvi jy hy× msNwUZ nq = 1815 mv‡j ....................‡Mwijv msMVb............................
 IqvUvi jy hy‡× weRqx †mbvcwZi bvg = wWDK Ae I‡qwjsUb ms¯vi bvg..........‡`k
 IqvUvi jy hy‡`a civwRZ nb= †b‡cvwjqb o Djdv = Avmvg
o Avey mvqvd = wdwjcvBb
..........cÖ_g wek¦hy×.................. o UzcvK, Avgviæ, mvBwbs cv_ = †ciæ
o wcGjI, eøvK †m‡Þ¤^i, nvgvm = c¨v‡j÷vBb
 cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i c~‡e© Aw÷ªqvi hyeivR‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq =
o dvK©, Gg-19 = Kjvw¤^qv
mviv‡R‡fv kn‡i
o ‡ev‡Kv nvivg = bvB‡Rwiqv
 cÖ_g wek¦hy× Gi mgq gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡j = D‡Wªv DBjmb o gvIevv`x = †bcvj
 cÖ_g wek¦hy× ïiæ nq = 1914 mv‡j o Zv‡jevb, AvjKvq`v = AvdMvwb¯Ívb
o ‡LgviæiæR = K‡¤^vwWqv
..............wØZxq wek¦hy×...................... o bvmvKv = wgqvbgvi
 wØZxq wek¦hy× Gi mgq e„‡U‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb = PvwP©j o BDwbUv = A¨v‡½vjv
 wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq ivwkqvi †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb = ÷¨vwjb o Djdv, wke‡mbv, eø¨vKK¨vU = fviZ
 wØZxq wek¦hy× Gi mgq Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U wQ‡jb = iæR‡fë o AvBGm= Bivb/wmwiqv
 wØZxq wek¦hy× ïiæ nq = 1 †m‡Þ¤^i 1939 mv‡j
 wn‡ivwkgvq wbwÿß †evgvi bvg = wjUj eq .............dKj¨vÛ hy×..................
 wØZxq wek¦hy× †kl nq = 2 wW‡m¤^i 1945 mv‡j  dKj¨vÛ = Bsj¨v‡Ûi Dcwb‡ek
 wØZxq wek¦hy× Gi mgq Rvcvb cvj© nvievi AvµgY K‡i =  dKj¨v‡Û hy‡×i mgq e„‡U‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb =
1941 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^i gvM©v‡iU _¨vPvi
 me©cÖ_g AvYweK †evgv †djv nq = Rvcv‡b  Av‡R©w›Ubv dKj¨vÛ `Lj K‡i = 1982 mv‡j
 wn‡ivwkgvq GUg †evg †djv nq = 1945 mv‡j  Av‡R©w›Ubv I Bsj¨vÛ Gi g‡a¨ dKj¨vÛ wb‡q hy× nq
1982 mv‡j|
 wØZxq wek¦hy× Gi mgq †Kvwiqv †h †`‡ki Dcwb‡ek wQj =
............‡Mv‡q›`v msm&&_v.......................
Rvcv‡bi
‡`k = ‡Mv‡q›`v
 wØZxq wek¦hy‡× Rvg©vwb AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i = 1945 mv‡j
o hy³ivóª = CIA, FBI, NSA, INR, NGA
wØZxq wek¦hy×-G Rvcv‡b AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i 1945 mv‡ji AvM÷ gvv‡m|
o fviZ = RAW, CIB
......... Avie-BmivBj hy×................... o Pxb = MSS
 G ch©šÍ Avie-BmivBj Gi g‡a¨ hy× nq = Pvievi o cvwK¯Ívb = ISI, PIA, FSB
 1967 mv‡ji Avie I BmivB‡ji g‡a¨ hy‡`ai ¯vwqZ¡Kvj wQj = o BmivBj = MOSSAD, AMAN, mvfvK
6w`b o Rvcvb = Naicho
 wjweqv I BmivB‡ji g‡a msNv‡Zi KviY = †Mvjvb gvjf~wg o Bivb = wWfvK, IRIOIM
 BmivBj c~e© †RiæRv‡jg `Lj K‡i = 1973 mv‡j o wgki = gyLeivZ
 ga¨cÖv‡P¨ cÖ_g †ZjA¯¿ e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj = 1973 mv‡j o dªvÝ = wWwRGmAvB
o hy³ivR¨ = SS, SIS
..............weL¨vZ msev`cÎ................ ..................wØ-cvwÿK Pzw³mg~n.................

* gvwK©b hy³ivóªt- Pzw³i bvg = ¯^vÿ‡ii m&&_vb = ¯^vÿi = cÿmg~n

 Iqvj w÷ªU Rvb©vj  û`vqweqvi Pzw³ = g°v = 628 wLªóvã = gymjgvb-Kvwdi

 IqvwksUb †cv÷  gvMbvKvU©v = Bsj¨vÛ = 15 Ryb 1215 mv‡j = ivRv Rb I
 wbDBqK© UvBgm Bsj¨v‡Ûi RbMY
 B›Uvib¨vkbvj  cÙv cvwb e›Ub Pzw³ = bqvw`wjø = 1999 mv‡j = fviZ I
 wbDBqK© UvBgm evsjv‡`k
 ‡WBwj wbDR  ZvmL›` Pzw³ = DR‡ewK¯Ívb = 10 Rvbyqvwi 1996 = fviZ
I cvwK¯Ívb
 UvBg
 wmgjv Pzw³ = fviZ = 2 RyjvB 1972 = fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb
 di‡eR
 fviZ-gvwK©b cigvYy Pzw³ = fviZ= 2 gvP© 2007 = fviZ I
 Gwc
hy³ivóª
 wUKdv Pzw³ = hy³ivlUª =25 b‡f¤^i 2013 = evsjv‡`k I
* hy³ivR¨ t- hy³ivóª

 `¨ MvwW©qvb
 wdbvwÝqvj UvBgm ................eûcvwÿK Pzw³mg~n...........................
 `¨ †WBwj ÷vi
 fvm©vB Pzw³ = 28 Ryb 1919 = cÖ_g wek¦hy× Gi Aemvb
 `¨ †WBwj wgii
 ‡eªUb DWm Pzw³ = RyjvB 1944 = IBRD I IMF MVb
 ‡WBwj †gBj `¨ †niì
 ‡R‡bfv Kb‡fbkb = 28 Ryb 1949 = hy× ew›` I hy`avnZ
 `¨ B‡Kvbwg÷ e¨w³‡`i mv‡_ AvPiY wewa
 mvb‡W UvBgm  g¨vmwUªPU Pzw³= 7 †deªæqvwi 1992 = BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb
 `¨ †WBwj †UwjMÖvd cÖwZôv
 `¨ UvBgm  mvcUv Pzw³ = 11 GwcÖj 1993 mvj = m`m¨ ‡`k¸‡jvi mv‡_
 `¨ BbwW‡cb‡W›U evwYR¨ D`vixKiY
Rvg©vwb = †WBwj †UwjMÖvd  wK‡qvUv cÖ‡UvKj = 11 wW‡m¤^i 1997 = wMÖb nvDm M¨vm
d«vÝ = †j g‡Û, kvwj© Ge‡`v wbM©gb n«vm
ivwkqv = cÖvf`v, BR‡fw¯Íqv  mvdUv Pzw³ = 4 Rvbyqvwi 2004 = mvK©fz³ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨
Rvcvb = Avkvwn, wk¤^yb, BDwgDwi wk¤^yb evwYR¨ mn‡hvwMZv †Rvi`vi
Pxb = (1) Gwkqvb Iqvj w÷ªU Rvb©vj
 mgwš^Z cvigvYweK A¯¿ cixÿv wbwl×KiY Pzw³ (wmwUwewU) =
(2) wccjm †÷Umg¨vb
24 wW‡m¤^i 1996 mv‡j = wek¦e¨vcx cvigvbweK cixÿvg~jK
(3) mvb‡W
we‡ùviY wbwl× Kiv|
cvwK¯Ívb = (1) †WBwj Wb
(2) `¨v †bkb  A‡Uvqv Pzw³ = 3 wW‡m¤^i 1997 = e¨w³ weaŸsmx gvBb
e¨envi gRy`, Drcv`b I ¯vbvšÍi wbwl× Kiv
..................we‡k¦i weL¨vZ msev` ms¯v.........................
‡`k ................bvg
.............wewfbœ ms¯vi m`i`ßi.......................
 d«vÝ = GGdwc
 gvwK©b hy³ivóª = Gwc, †fvqv, wmGbGb o wbDBqK©, hy³ivóª = UN, UNICEF, UNDP, UNEP,
 hy³ivR¨ = wewewm, iqUvm©, A¨v‡mvwm‡q‡UW ‡d«m UNFEM
 ivwkqv = B›Uvid¨v·, BZvi Zvm o IqvwksUb wWwm, hy³ivóª = WB, IMF, IBRD, IDA,
 Pxb = Pxbûqv, wbD Pvqbv wbDR G‡RwÝ (GbwmGbGb) MGA, IDB, CAFE
 Rvcvb = wK‡qv`v o ‡R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ = ECE, ILO, ITU, WMO, WHO,
 fviZ = wcwUAvB, BDGbAvB WTO, UNHOR, UNCTAD
 cvwK¯Ívb = wcwcAvB, BDwcwc, Gwcwc o wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv = IAEA, OPEC, CTBTO
  evsjv‡`k = evmm, Gbv, BDGbwe o ‡ivg, BZvwj = FAO, IFAD, WFP
 KvZvi = Avj RvwRiv o w` †nM, †b`vij¨vÛ = UNESCO
 B‡›`v‡bwkqv = AvbvZviv o c¨vwim, dªvÝ = INTERPOL
 Bivb = Bibv o jÛb, hy³ivR¨ = Commonwealth, Amnesty
 wgmi = †gbv, Gbv international, Oxfam international
 wmwiqv = mvbv o bvB‡ivwe, †Kwbqv = UNEP
o wm½vcyi wmwU = ASEAN, APEC o nvg‡evM©, Rvg©vwb = ITLOS
o XvKv, evsjv‡`k = CIRDAP, ICDDR, IJSG, BIMSTEC o ‡RÏv, †m․w`Avie = OIC, IDB, GCC
o m`i`ßi †bB = NAM, G-8, G-77, ASPAC o eªv‡mjm, †ejwRqvg= EU, NATO
o g¨vwjbv, wf‡qZbvg = ADB, IRRI
 Transferansy informatioanal, Human
...............AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯v¸‡jvi aiY...................
 AvÂwjK A_©‣bwZK †RvU = G-7, D-8, G-20, G-77,
‡RvU ...........................aiY APEC, OPEC, CIRDAP
 AvšÍR©vwZK ivR‣bwZK †RvU = Commonwealth, OIC,  AvšÍR©vwZK Avw_©K †RvU = IDB, ADB
NAM  AvÂwjK evwYR †RvU = NAFTA, EFTA, AFTA
 AvšÍR©vwZK ivR‣bwZK †RvU = EU, AU, Arab leagt,  AvÂwjK mvgwiK †RvU = NATO
GCC  cwi‡ek welqK ms¯v = wMÖbwcm, IUCN, WWF, E-8
 AvÂwjK A_©‣bwZK †RvU = ASEAN, SAARC,  gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯v = bvmv, Bmv
BIMSTEC, ECO, BENELUX  wek¦ gvbevwaKvi ms¯v = Amnesty
internationalRights Watch.
AvšÍR©vwZK †mev ms¯v = †iWµm, †ivUvwi B›Uvib¨vkbvj, A·dvg
B›Uvib¨vkbvj, ¯‥vDU Av‡›`vjb, Aiwem B›Uvib¨vkbvj, mvqÝ K¬ve
B›Uvib¨vkbvj

m`i `ßi
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

1. RvwZms‡Ni m`i `ßi = wbDBqK©|

2. UNDP Gi m`i `ßi = wbDBqK|
3. UNICEF Gi m`i `ßi = wbDBqK|
Av‡gwiKv 4. BDGb DB‡gb (UN Women) Gi m`i `ßi = wbDBqK|
5. AP Gi m`i `ßi = wbDBqK, hy³ivóª|
6. World Bank Gi m`i `ßi = IqvwksUb wWwm|
7. IMF Gi m`i `ßi = IqvwksUb wWwm|
8. IDA (Int’l Development Association) Gi m`i `ßi = IqvwksUb wWwm|
9. KgbI‡qj_ Gi m`i `ßi = jÛb|
10. weª‡U‡bi cÖkvmwbK m`i `ßi‡K ejv nq = †nvqvBU nj, jÛb|
e„‡Ub 11. A¨vg‡bw÷ B›Uvib¨vkbvj Gi m`i mßi = jÛb|
12. iqUv‡m©i m`i `ßi = jÛb, weª‡Ub|
13. AvšÍRvwZ©K †iWµm Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
myBRvij¨vÛ 14. WHO Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
 15. WTO Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
16. WLO Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
17. ILO Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
18. WIPO Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
19. UNCTD Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
20. ITU (Int’l Telecommunication Union) Gi m`i `ßi = †R‡bfv|
21. BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡bi m`i `ßi = eªv‡mjm, †ejwRqvg|
†ejwRqvg 22. NATO Gi m`i `ßi = eªv‡mjm, †ejwRqvg|
23. IAEA Gi m`i `ßi = wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv|
Aw÷ªqv 24. OPEC Gi m`i `ßi = wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv|
25. UNIDO Gi m`i `ßi = wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv|
26. ICJ (International Court of Justice) Gi m`i `ßi = †nM|
‡nM, 27. OPCW (Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons) Gi m`i
†b`vij¨vÛ `ßi = ‡nM|
28. AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vj‡Zi m`i `ßi = ‡nM|
29. B›Uvi‡cvj ms¯’vi m`i `ßi = wjI, d«¨vÝ|
d«¨vÝ 30. AFP Gi m`i `ßi = c¨vwim, d«¨vÝ|
31. UNESCO Gi m`i `ßi = c¨vwim|
32. RvwZms‡Ni we‡kl ms¯’v Bdv` (IFAD) Gi m`i `ßi = ‡ivg, BZvwj|
BZvwj 33. FAO Gi m`i `ßi = ‡ivg, BZvwj|
34. NDB Gi m`i `ßi = mvsnvB, Pxb|
35. AIIB Gi m`i `ßi = ‡eBwRs, Pxb|
36. IRRI Gi m`i `ßi = jm e¨v‡bvm, wdwjcvBb|
37. Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki m`i `dZi = g¨vwbjv, wdwjcvBb|
38. Bmjvgx Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki m`i `dZi = †RÏv, †m․w` Avie|
39. OIC Gi m`i `ßi = ‡RÏv, ‡m․w` Avie|
40. BIMSTEC Gi m`i `ßi = XvKv|
41. ÒwmiWvcÓ (CIRDAP) Gi m`i `ßi = XvKv|
42. mv‡K©i m`i `ßi = †bcvj (KvVgyÛz)|
Pxb 43. D-8 (Developing) Gi m`i `ßi = B¯Ív¤^yj, Zzi¯‥|
44. UNU (United Nation University) = †UvwKI, Rvcvb|
45. wddvi (FIFA) Gi m`i `ßi = RywiL, myBRvij¨vÛ|
46. AvBwmwm Gi m`i `ßi = `yevB, (BDbvB‡UW Avie AvwgivZ)|
47. UªvÝcv‡iwÝ B›Uvib¨vkbvj Gi m`i `ßi = evwj©b, Rvg©vwb|
48. PLO Gi m`i `ßi = ivgvjøv, wdwjw¯Íb|
49. NAM Gi m`i `ßi = m`i `ßiwenxb|
50. G-8 Gi m`i `ßi = m`i `ßiwenxb|
51. G-77 Gi m`i `ßi = m`i `ßiwenxb|
 m`i `ßi g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj
1. ‡hme ms¯’vi ïiæ‡Z W A_ev †k‡l O Av‡Q Zv‡`i m`i`ßi †R‡bfv, myBRvij¨vÛ|
‡hgb : WIPO, WHO, WMO, WTO, ILO, ISO (e¨wZµg IMO hvi m`i`ßi jÛ‡b)|
2. jÛ‡b †hme m`i`ßi (I AM Common)
I – IMO AM – Amnesty international Common – KgbI‡qj_ wfwËK mKj ms¯’v|
3. UvKv cqmv welqK ms¯’vi m`i`ßi hy³iv‡óªi IqvwksUb wWwm‡Z|
‡hgb : IMF, World Bank.
Atomic/petroleum/industrial development msµvšÍ ms¯’vi m`i`ßi wf‡qbv, Aw÷ªqv|
‡hgb : UNIDO, IAEA, OPEC BZ¨vw`|
4. Economical Ges Educational _vK‡j Zv‡`i m`i`ßi c¨vwim, d«vÝ|
‡hgb : OECD, UNESCO
5. ‡Kvb ms¯’vi bvg UN wKsev Gi mv‡_ E/F hy³ n‡j Zvi m`i`ßi wbDBqK©|
‡hgb : UNIFEM, UNICEF, UNFPA, UN
6. ‡h mKj ms¯’vi bv‡gi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ wb‡`©k K‡i, †m¸‡jvi m`i`ßi †ivg, BZvwj|
‡hgb : IFAD, WEP, FAO
7. ïiæ‡Z I Ges †k‡l A/B/C/D/F _vK‡j Zvi m`i`ßi wWwm, hy³ivóª|
‡hgb : IMF, IFC, IDA, IDB, IBRD, ICSID

mxgv‡iLv g‡b ivLvi †UKwbK

(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

১। : ।
: = , - ও ।
২। : ও।
: অ , ও ।
৩। : জ হ হ ।
: জ , ও শ ।
৪। : দ ।
: , ও ।
৫। জ জ দ ।
: জ ,জ ও ।
৬। : হ ।
: হ , শ ও ।
৭। : ।
: , ও ।
৮। : হ দ ।
: হ , ও ।
৯। : ।
: দশ ও ।
১০। : ।
: অ , ও ।
 cÖYvjx
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

K. e„nËg cÖYvjx- gvjv°v L. cÖk¯ÍZg cÖYvjx - †WbgvK

M. miæ cÖYvjx- emdivm cÖYvjx N. Av‡jvwPZ cÖYvjx - nigyR

১) আ আ
: আ =আ-আ ; -
-
আ =আ ; -
, আ ও আ আ ও

________________________________
২) এ
এ =এ-এ ; -
 = - ; -
-
, এ ও আ ও
___________________________________
৩) ?
= - ; -
-
- ; -
___________________________________
৪) FB- আ আ
FB=F-France;B-Britten
-
আ -আ
-
__________________________________
৫) আ
= - ; -
-
আ =আ-আ ; -
___________________________________
৬)
= - ; -
-
- +
___________________________________
৭) ! ও ?
= - ; - আ আ
ও= - ;ও-ও
-
___________________________________
৮) আ এ
আ -আ ,এ -এ
-
- আ -
__________________________________
৯) আ
- , -
আ -
আ -আ
-
__________________________________
১০)
-
= - ; -
- , -
_________________________________
১১)
-
= - ; -
= - ; -
_________________________________
১২) MA KFC
MA=M- ;A-আ
KFC=K- ;F-
-
 weÁvb
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
wewfbœ gv‡ci hš¿t wewfbœ wel‡qi RbK

o mxm‡gvMªvd = f~wgK‡¤úi MwZ I ZxeªZv gvcvi hš¿ o AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK : cj m¨gy‡qjmb
o e¨v‡ivwgUvi = evqyi MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o c`v_© weÁv‡bi RbK : AvBR¨vK wbDUb
o ‡m·U¨v›U = Aÿvsk gvcvi hš¿ o mgvR weÁv‡bi RbK : AMv÷ †Kuvr
o ‡µv‡bvwgUvi = mgq gvcvi hš¿ o wnmve weÁv‡bi RbK : jyKvc¨vwmIwj
o _v‡g©vwgUvi = ZvcgvÎv gvcvi hš¿ o wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi RbK : Be‡b wmbv
o K¨vjwiwgUvi = Zvc gvcvi hš¿ o `k©b kv‡¯¿i RbK : m‡µwUm
o j¨v‡±vwgUvi = `y‡ai weï×Zv gvcvi hš¿ o imvqb weÁv‡bi RbK : Rvwei Be‡b nvBqvb
o ‡fjv‡WvwgUvi = †eM gvcvi hš¿ o BwZnv‡mi RbK : †n‡iv‡WvUvm
o w¯ú‡WvwgUvi = `ªæZ gvcvi hš¿ o m‡b‡Ui RbK : †cÎvK©
o Gw·jv‡ivwgUvi = Z¡iY gvcvi hš¿ª o weÁv‡bi RbK : _¨vwjm
o nvB‡WªvwgUvi = cvwbi NbZ¡ gvcvi hš¿ o ‡gwWwm‡bi RbK : wn‡cv‡µwUm
o wiLUvi †¯‥j = f~wgK‡¤úi gvÎv gvcvi hš¿ o R¨vwgwZi RbK : BDwK¬W
o I‡WvwjUvi/ Rain Gauge = e„wócvZ gvcvi hš¿ o exR MwY‡Zi RbK : Avj LvIqviRgx
o ‡U‡KvwgUvi = D‡ovRvnv‡Ri MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o RxevYy we`¨vi RbK : jyBm cv¯‧i
o cvB‡UvwgUvi = Rj Rvnv‡Ri MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o ivóªweÁv‡bi RbK : Gwi÷Uj
o Gwb‡gvwgUvi = evqyi MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o A_©bxwZi RbK : GWvg w¯§_
o GwU‡bvwgUvi = k‡ãi MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o As‡Ki RbK : AvwK©wgwWm
o d‡Uv‡UwjMÖvd = Av‡jvi MwZ gvcvi hš¿ o weeZ©bev` Z‡Ë¡i RbK: Pvj©m WviDBb
o mvgvwRK weeZ©bev‡`i RbK: nve©vU †¯úÝi o K¨vjKzjv‡mi RbK: AvBR¨vK wbDUb
o eskMwZ we`¨vi RbK : †MMÖi †Rvnvb †gb‡Wj o evsjv M‡`¨i RbK : Bk¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
o ‡kÖwYKiY we`¨vi RbK : K‡ivjvm wjwbqvm o evsjv KweZvi RbK : gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
o kixi we`¨vi RbK : DBwjqvg nv‡f© o evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi RbK : ew¼gP›`ª P‡Æcva¨vq
o evsjv bvU‡Ki RbK : `xb eÜz wgÎ o Bs‡iRx KweZvi RbK : wRD‡d« Pmvi
o evsjv m‡b‡Ui RbK: gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë o g‡bvweÁv‡bi RbK : DBj‡ng DÛ
o AvaywbK imvq‡bi RbK : Rb Wvëb o cªvYx weÁv‡bi RbK : Gwi÷Uj
o AvaywbK MYZ‡š¿i RbK : Rb jK
 wewfbœ GwmW I †ivM RxevYy

 gvby‡li jvjvq †Kvb GbRvBg _v‡K?  Uvqvwjb

cvKv Kjvq wK _v‡K?  GgvBj Gwm‡UU  ‡Kvb RviK im cvK¯jx‡Z `y» RgvU evuavq?  †iwbb
cvKv Avbvi‡m wK _v‡K?  B_vBj Gwm‡UU  HCl ‡Kvb †Kvl †_‡K wbtm„Z nq?  c¨vivBUvj †Kvl
cvKv Kgjvq wK _v‡K?  AKUvBj Gwm‡UU  `ya `vuZ KqwU?  20wU
U‡g‡Uv‡Z ‡Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  g¨vwjK GwmW  ÿz`ªv‡š¿i •`N©¨ KZ?  6wgUvi
‡jeyi i‡m †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  mvBwUªK GwmW  wc‡Ëi e‡Y©i Rb¨ `vqx wK?  wewjiæweb
Av‡c‡j †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  g¨vwjK GwmW  wewjiæweb †Kv_vq •Zwi nq?  hK…‡Z
‡ZuZz‡j †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  UviUvwiK GwmW  gvbe Pÿz‡Z †Kvb ai‡Yi †jÝ we`¨gvb?  D‡fvZj
AvgjwK‡Z †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  A·vwjK GwmW  GKwU e„‡° †bd«‡bi msL¨v KZ?  cÖvq 10 jÿ
AvOz‡i †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  UviUvwiK GwmW  gvby‡li kix‡i †gvU nv‡oi msL¨v KZ?  206wU
Kgjv‡jey‡Z †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  GmKiweK GwmW  i‡³i mve©Rbxb `vZv MÖæc wK?  O+
`y‡a †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  j¨vKwUK GwmW  i‡³i mve©Rbxb MÖnxZv †Kvb MÖæc?  AB+
KPz †L‡j Mjv PzjKvq †Kb?  KviY KPz‡Z K¨vjwmqvg  GKRb gvby‡li kix‡i wK cwigvY i³ _v‡K?  †`‡ni
A·v‡jU _v‡K IR‡bi 7 kZvsk
‡iKwUdvBW w¯úwiU wK?  95.6% B_vBj Gj‡Kvnj Ges  Avwg‡li Afv‡e gvby‡li wK †ivM nq?  †KvqvwkqiKi
‡Kvb wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e ¯‥vwf© †ivM nq?  wfUvwgb wm
4.4% cvwbi wgkÖY‡K †iKwUdvBW w¯úwiU e‡j|

wWwWwUi c~Y©iƒc wK?  WvB-‡K¬v‡iv-WvB-wdbvBj-UªvB-‡K¬v‡iv-  ‡Kvb wfUvwg‡mbi Afv‡e ivZKvbv †ivM nq?  wfUvwgb G
B‡_b
 ‡Kvb wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e †ewi‡ewi †ivM nq?  wfUvwgb we
wUGbwUi c~Y©iƒc wK?  UªvBbvB‡Uªv UjyBb
 ‡Kvb wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e wi‡KU †ivM nq?  wfUvwgb wW
mvev‡bi ivmvqwbK bvg wK?  †mvwWqvg w÷qv‡iU
 wbD‡gvwbqv I h²v †ivM ‡Kv_vq nq?  dzmdz‡m
‡Uw÷s më Gi ivmvqwbK bvg wK?  †mvwWqvg †i‡bvcøyUv‡gU
 wWc‡_wiqv †Kv_vq nq?  Mjvq
‡c‡Uªv‡ji Aci bvg wK?  M¨v‡mvwjb
 cvBwiqv †Kv_vq nq?  `vu‡Zi gvwo
wmiKvq †KKvb GwmW _v‡K?  GwmwUK GwmW
 `y‡ai †cÖvwU‡bi bvg wK?  †Kwmb
G‡Kvqv †iwRqv ev ivRA¤ø wK?  GK †gvj Mvp bvBwUªK GwmW
 Wv‡e †Kvb LwbR c`v_© †ewk _v‡K?  cUvwmqvg
Ges wZb †gvj Mvp nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK Gwm‡Wi mswgkÖY‡K ivRA¤ø
 wek¦ ¯^v¯¨ ms¯v KZ…©K wba©vwiZ Av‡m©wb‡Ki wbivc` gvÎv KZ?
e‡j|
 0.01mg / L
‡ewKs cvDWvi wK?  †mvwWqvg evBKve©‡bU, Gjywgwbqvg
 c„w_exi ¯^v`y cvwbi KZ kZvsk jeYv³?  97%
mvj‡dU I cUvwmqvg nvB‡Wªv‡Rb UviUv‡i‡Ui wgkÖY‡K †ewKs
cvDWvi e‡j|  c„w_exi GKw`b mg‡q †Kvb MÖ‡ni AvKv‡k `yBevi m~h© D‡V
 jvwds M¨vm wK?  bvBUªvm A·vBW‡K jvwds M¨vm e‡j| Ges `yBevi A¯Í hvq?  e„n¯úwZ
GwU nvm¨ DÏxcK|  ‡KvbMÖ‡ni DcMÖn me‡P‡q †ewk?  kwb|
 `vk©wb‡Ki Dj wK?  wRsK A·vBW `vk©wb‡Ki Dj bv‡g  gvwQ‡Z KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  12wU
cwiwPZ|  KzKz‡i KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  78wU
 mv‡ci we‡l †Kvb avZzi Aby _v‡K? wRsK  Miæ-QvM‡j KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  60wU
 ‡Kvb avZzi Dci AvNvZ Ki‡j kã nq bv?  Gw›Ugwb  avb Mv‡Q KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  24wU
 weRviK wn‡m‡e wµqv K‡i Ggb GKgvÎ AavZz †KvbwU?   e¨v‡O KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  22wU
Kve©b  gyiMx‡Z KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  78wU
 wb‡e©v‡ai †mvbv wK?  AvqiY wW mvjdvBW  ‡fov‡Z KqwU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?  54wU
 me‡P‡q mwµq avZz wK?  cUvwmqvg  DNA ‡Z wK _v‡K bv?  BD‡ivwmj _v‡K bv|
 ¯^v‡` wgwó A_P Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU bq †KvbwU?  wMømvwib  RNA Gi cÖavb KvR wK?  †cÖvwUb •Zwi
 ‡Kvb weÁvbx cixÿvMv‡i me©cÖ_ •Re †h․M cÖ¯Z
‧ K‡ib?   RNA ‡Z wK _v‡K bv?  _vqvwgb _v‡K bv
gvbe‡`‡n wR‡bi msL¨v KZ?  40,000
Rvg©vb weÁvbx Dnjvi

 weï× mvjwdDwiK Gwm‡Wi Aci bvg wK?  mvjdvb
 fvBivmRwbZ †ivM¸‡jv wK wK?  nvg, emšÍ, †cvwjI,
 cÖ¯vª e †_‡K †h MÜ Av‡m Zv wK‡mi?  G‡gvwbqvi Bbd¬z‡qÄv, RjvZ¼, nvwc©m, gv¤úm, GBWm, †ncvUvBwUm
 GKRb c~Y©eq¯‥ gvby‡li †`‡n †Kv‡li msL¨v KZ?  Qq BZ¨vw`|
jÿ †KvwU †_‡K `k jÿ †KvwU  e¨vK‡UwiqvRwbZ †ivM¸‡jv wK wK?  K‡jiv, UvBd‡qW,
 Rxe‡Kv‡li †Kv_vq †cÖvwUb ms‡køwlZ nq?  †cÖvwUb Kzô, h²v, wWc‡_wiqv, wbD‡gvwbqv BZ¨vw`|
d¨v±wi L¨vZ ivB‡ev‡Rv‡g †cÖvwUb ms‡køwlZ nq|  giæf~wg‡Z Rb¥v‡bv Dw™¢`‡K wK e‡j?  †R‡ivdvBU
 ‡Kvb Rx‡e me‡P‡q Kg msL¨K †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K?  GK  m~h©v‡jvwKZ el©vq avb Mv‡Qi mv‡jvK ms‡køl‡Yi nvi wK‡mi
ai‡Yi cyiæl wcucovq 1wU Ges ¯¿x wcucovq 2wU †µv‡gv‡mvg  Kve©b WvB A·vB‡Wi NbZ¡ n‡Z
Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq?
_v‡K|
 wUKwUwKi †jR L‡m hvIqvi KviY wK?  fq †c‡j
 ‡Kvb Dw™¢‡` me©vwaK †µv‡gv‡mvg _v‡K?  dvY©eM©xq wUKwUwKi †jR L‡m
Dw™¢‡`, cÖvq 1260wU|
 we‡k¦i me‡P‡q welv³ cªvYxi bvg wK?  Sea Wasp ev
 iv‡Zi †ejv weovj I KzKz‡ii †PvL R¡jR¡j K‡i †Kb?  mgy‡`ªi †evjZv, Giv GK ai‡Yi †Rjx wdm
†U‡c‡Uvb bvg iÄK †Kv‡li Kvi‡Y
 Gwgev k‡ãi A_© wK?  me©`v cwieZ©bkxj
 gw¯Í‡®‥i c`©vi bvg wK?  †gwbb‡Rm
 ‡cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv k‡ãi A_© wK?  cÖ_g cÖvYx
 ü`wc‡Ûi c`©vi bvg wK?  †cwiKvwW©qvg
 ‡Kvb cï kã Ki‡Z cv‡i bv?  wRivd
 dzmdz‡mi c`©vi bvg wK?  cøyiv  wbD‡gvwbqv †iv‡Mi c‡ivÿ KviY wK?  †MvjK…wg
 hK…‡Zi c`©vi bvg wK?  wMømbm K¨vcmyj  gvbe‡`‡n cvwbi cwigvY KZ kZvsk?  60% †_‡K 70%
 Aw¯i c`©vi bvg wK?  †cwi Aw÷qvg
Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb

 mylgLv‡`¨ kK©iv, Avwgl I Pwe© RvZxq Lv‡`¨i AbycvZ 

4:1:1
 mylg Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb  6wU  meyR ZwiZiKvix‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk _v‡K  LwbR c`v_© I
 ‡cÖvwUb †ewk _v‡K  gmyi Wv‡j wfUvwgb
 nvo I `vuZ‡K gReyZ K‡i  K¨vjwmqvg I dmdivm  me‡P‡q †ewk cUvwmqvg cvIqv hvq  Wv‡e
 Pv cvZvq _v‡K  wfUvwgb we Kg‡cø·  gvwo w`‡q cyuR I i³ c‡o  wfUvwgb wm Gi Afv‡e
 g¨vwjK GwmW  U‡g‡Uv‡Z cvIqv hvq  gvbe‡`‡ni e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb  Avwgl RvZxq Lv`¨
 ÿZ¯vb †_‡K i³ cov eÜ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i   m~h© wKiY n‡Z cvIqv hvq  wfUvwgb wW
wfUvwgb †K  wW‡gi mv`v As‡k †h †cÖvwUb _v‡K  A¨vjeywgb
 Natural Protein Gi †KvW bvg  Protein- P  Avwg‡li KvR  †`n †Kvl MV‡b mnvqZv Kiv
 ‡gvUvgywU m¤ú~Y© ev Av`k© Lv`¨ ejv nq  `ya‡K
49
 KPzkvK we‡klfv‡e g~j¨evb  †j․n Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨
 ‡Kv‡j‡÷ij  GK ai‡Yi Am¤ú„³ A¨vj‡Kvnj
 wfUvwgb wm n‡jv  A¨vmKiweK GwmW
 ‡Kvjv‡Rb  GKwU †cÖvvwUb
 Zv‡c bó nq  wfUvwgb wm
 nvo I `vuZ •Zwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb  wfUvwgb wW
 Avwg‡li cwigvY me‡P‡q †ewk  ïuUKx gvQ
 wfUvwgb wW Gi Afv‡e  wi‡KUm †ivM nq
 MjMÛ †ivM nq  Av‡qvwW‡bi Afv‡e
 Aw¯i e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb  K¨vjwmqvg
 gvbe‡`n MV‡b cÖ‡qvRb me‡P‡q †ewk  Avwg‡li
 gjv gv‡Q _v‡K  wfUvwgb wW
 Av‡qvwWb †ewk _v‡K  mgy‡`ªi gv‡Q
 mn‡R mw`© Kvwk nq  wfUvwgb wm Gi Afv‡e
 KPz †L‡j Mjv PzjKvq, KviY KPz‡Z Av‡Q 
 welv³ wb‡KvwUb _v‡K  Zvgv‡K
K¨vjwmqvg A·v‡jU
 Z¡‡K wfUvwgb wW •Zwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i  Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU
 ivZKvbv †ivM nq  wfUvwgb G Gi Afv‡e
iwk¥
 gy‡L I wRnŸvq Nv nq  wfUvwgb we Gi Afv‡e
 kix‡i kw³ †hvMv‡Z `iKvi  Lv`¨
 cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wfUvwgb  wfUvwgb we I wm
 mvgyw`ªK gv‡Q cvIqv hvq  Av‡qvwWb
 wkï‡`i wi‡KUm †ivM nq  wfUvwgb wW Gi Afv‡e
 me‡P‡q †ewk wfUvwgb wm mg„× dj  †cqviv
 wgwó Kzgov  wfUvwgb RvZxq Lv`¨
 wfUvwgb G me‡P‡q †ewk  MvR‡i
 wgwó Avjy  ‡k¦Zmvi RvZxq Lv`¨
 gvby‡li †cÖvwU‡bi Afv‡e  †KvqvwkqiKi †ivM nq
 wk‡gi wewP  Avvwgl RvZxq Lv`¨
 Av‡qvwWb cvIqv hvq  •kev‡j
 `y‡a _v‡K  j¨vKwUK GwmW  Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKRb c~Y©eq¯‥ e¨w³i cªvq Mo K¨vjwi
 Av‡qvwW‡bi Afv‡e  MjMÛ †ivM nq kw³i cÖ‡qvRb  2500 K¨vjwi
 ‡nR •Zwi‡Z e¨eüZ Dw™¢`  KigPv  Møy‡Kv‡Ri g~j ms‡KZ  CH 2 O
 ‡jey‡Z †ewk _v‡K  wfUvwgb wm
 j¨v_vivBRg †ivM nq  ‡Lmvwi Wvj †L‡j
 AvgjKx, †jey, †cqviv wfUvwg‡bi Drm  wfUvwgb wm
 me©vwaK †¯œn RvZxq c`v_© we`¨gvb  `y‡a
 ‡cÖvwUb •Zwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq  A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW
 i³k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`q  Avqi‡bi Afv‡e
KPzkvK-G †ewk _v‡K  †j․n
 `y‡ai is mv`v nq  †cÖvwU‡bi Rb¨
 wfUvwgb wm Gi ivmvqwbK bvg  A¨vmKiweK GwmW
 weÁv‡bi fxlY MyiæZ¡c~Y© cÖ‡kœvIi
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
 ‡Kvb wkivi g‡a¨ fvuR fv‡jv †`Lvq = cvjwjK wkjv
 ‡Kvb i‡Oi Kv‡c Pv ZvovZvwo VvÛv nq? = Kv‡jv  cÖej †Rvqv‡ii KviY, G mgq = m~h©, P›`ª I
 gUiMvwoi †nW jvB‡U †Kvb `c©Y e¨envi Kiv nq? = AeZj c„w_ex GK mij‡iLvq _v‡K
 ivbœv Kivi nvwocvwZj mvaviYZ Gjywgwbqvg e¨envi Kiv nq KviY =  Longest day = 21 June
G‡Z `ªæZ Zvc mÂvwjZ n‡q Lv`¨`ªe¨ ZvovZvwo wm× nq|  m~‡h©i KqwU MÖn= 8wU
 c„w_exi N~Y‡© bi d‡j Avgiv wQU‡K cwo bv †Kb? = gva¨vKl©‡Yi e‡j  ‡Kv_vq w`bivÎx mgvb = wbiÿ‡iLvq
Rb¨  MfxiZg gnvmvMi = cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi
 ‡Kvb gva¨‡g k‡ãi MwZ me‡P‡q †ewk? = KwVb  c„w_exi AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq m~‡h©i AvqZb
 GKK mg‡q kã †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K e‡j = k‡ãi MwZ †gvUvgywU KZ¸Y eo = 13 jÿ ¸Y
 we`y¨r cwievnx ZvcgvÎv I cÖ¯‡”Q` AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j •`N©¨ evov‡j  Zviv‡`i Rxeb cÖev‡ni Z…Zxq Ae¯v †KvbwU? =
†iv‡a wK NU‡e? = †iva evo‡e †nvqvBU †Wvqvd©
 c¨vm‡K‡ji m~ÎwU cÖ‡hvR¨ = Zij I evqexq c`v‡_©i †ÿ‡Î  n¨vwji a~g‡KZz me©‡kl †`Lv hvq = 1986 mv‡j
 International System of Unit †K ms‡ÿ‡c ejv nq = S.I  ‡m․i RM‡Zi me‡P‡q eo MÖn = e„n¯úwZ
c×wZ  ÔÔKmwgK BqviÓ ej‡Z wK eySvq? = Qvqvc‡_i
 ‡Kvb e¯‧i Z¡iY ej‡Z wK eySvq? = mg‡qj mv‡_ †eM e„w×i nvi wbR A‡ÿ AveZ©bKvj
 wbDUb wK? = e‡ji GKK  bvmv †Kvb †`‡ki gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯v =
 cv‡Î Ave× Zij c`v‡_©i †Kvb As‡k Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j wK NU‡e? = hy³ivóª
c`v‡_©i mew`‡K Pvc mgvbfv‡e mÂvwjZ nq|  ‡Kvb b‡fvPvix me©cÖ_g c„w_ex cÖ`wÿY K‡ib =
 `ywU ¯^”Q gva¨‡gi we‡f` Z‡j Av‡jvKiwk¥i w`K cwieZ©‡bi NUbv‡K BDwi M¨vMvwib
wK e‡j? = cÖwZmiY  c„w_exi wbKUZg MÖn †KvbwU? = g½j
 jvj I meyR is wgwk‡q †Kvb is cvIqv hvq? = njy`  ‡Kvb KvíwbK †iLv †_‡K Aÿvsk MYbv Kiv
 Wvqbv‡gv wK? = hvwš¿K kw³‡K we`y¨r kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii hš¿| nq? = welye †iLv
 ‡Kvb c`v_© cÖK…wZ‡Z KwVb, Zij, evqexq Ae¯vq cvIqv hvq= cvwb  f~-c„‡ôi †m․i`xß I AÜKviv”Qbœ As‡ki
 Pz¤^‡Ki AvKl©Y †Kvb As‡k †ewk? = `yB †giæ‡Z ms‡hvM¯j‡K wK e‡j? = Qvqve„Ë
 ‡KvbwU bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm? = m~h©iwk¥  gnvKv‡k cÖ_g †Kvb cÖvYx cvwV‡qwQj? = KzKzi
 20 0 †mw›U‡MÖW mgvb KZ wWwMÖ dv‡ibnvBU? = 68 0 F  M¨vwjwjI wK? = c„w_ex †_‡K cvVv‡bv e„n¯úwZi
GKwU K…wÎg DcMªn
 cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 0 0 †_‡K 4 0 G Db&œxZ n‡j cvwbi NbZ¡ = evo‡e
 gnvk~‡b¨ cÖ_g †Kvb †`k KzKzi jvBKv
 Kv‡Ri GKK †KvbwU? = Ryj
cvwV‡q‡Q? = ivwkqv
 w¯úªs wbw³ w`‡q wK gvcv nq? = IRb
 gvbyl cÖ_g K‡e P‡›`ª AeZj K‡ib? = 1969,
 w¯i Zi‡j †Kvb e¯‧‡K wbgw¾Z Ki‡j †mB e¯‧ Dc‡ii w`‡K †h jwä
21 RyjvB
ej Abyfe K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?= cøeZv
 Pvu‡`i Dci me©cÖ_g cv iv‡Lb = bxj Avg©÷ªs
 ‡KvbwU †R‡b‡iU‡i Drcvw`Z Kv‡i›U‡K e„w× K‡i? = K‡q‡j †cuP
msL¨v e„w× K‡i  mgy`ª evqy KLb KLb cÖej †e‡M cÖevwnZ nq?
=Aciv‡ý
 ‣`N©¨ cÖmviY ¸YvsK †Kvb wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i? = ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j,
e¯‧i cÖK…wZ  wm.Gd.wm evqygÛ‡ji †Kvb ¯Íi ÿwZ K‡i =
÷ªv‡Uv‡ùqvi
 `„k¨gvb Av‡jv‡Z †Kvb is Av‡jv‡Z Zi½ •`N©¨ †ewk nq? = jvj
 ‡Kvb evqygÛjxq ¯Íi †_‡K †eZvi Zi½
 O 0C ZvcgvÎvq Ges ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c ï®‥ evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM KZ?
cÖwZdwjZ nq? = AvqbvgÛj
=332 wgUvi/ †m‡KÛ
 wkgMvQ gvwU‡Z †Kvb Dcv`vb e„w× K‡i? =
 kxZKv‡j Rjxq ev‡¯úi cwigvY = Kg _v‡K
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
 AvšÍRv© wZK c×wZ‡Z ZvcgvÎvi GKK‡K wK e‡j? = †Kjwfb
 eY©vÜ †jv‡Kiv †Kvb is eyS‡Z cv‡i bv? = jvj,
 m~h© †_‡K nVvr Av‡jv Avmv eÜ n‡q †M‡j Zv Avgiv Abyfe Ki‡Z
bxj, meyR
cvwi KZÿY ci? = 8 wgwbU 22 †m‡KÛ
 ‡Kvb e¯‧i Z¡iY ej‡Z eySvq= mg‡qi mv‡_
 QvZvi Kvc‡oi is mvaviYZ Kv‡jv nq †Kb? = Kv‡jv is Zvc †eM e„w×i nvi
†kvlb K‡i e‡j  cig k~Y¨ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ?
 ‣e`y¨wZK evj¦ Avwe®‥vi K‡ib †K? = Ugvm Avjfv GwWmb = k~b¨
 GKRb gvbyl wK Ae¯vq c„w_ex‡K me‡P‡q Kg Pvc †`q = †kvqv  Kvc©vm Zzjv †_‡K †Kvb Zš‧wU cvIqv hvq? =
Ae¯vq A¨vm‡emUm
 mgy`ª bxj †`Lv‡bvi KviY n‡jv AvcwZZ m~h© iwk¥i= we‡ÿcY  ‡Kvb cZ½ Zvi wb‡Ri IR‡bi 50 ¸Y †ewk
 kã we¯Ív‡ii Rb cÖ‡qvRb nq = evqexq gva¨‡gi IRb enb Ki‡Z cv‡i? = wcucov
 b¨v‡bv †m‡KÛ n‡jv = GK †m‡K‡Ûi GKkZ †KvwU fv‡Mi  ‡mvqvBb d¬zi fvBivm wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿ wK bv‡g
GKfvM cwiwPZ? = GBP 1 Gb
 k~b¨ N‡ii †P‡q †jvK fwZ© N‡ii kã Kg nq †Kb? = k~Y¨ N‡i  kxZKv‡j Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY = Kg _v‡K
k‡ãi †kvlb Kg nq  ‡Kvb †`k cvigvbweK kw³i AwaKvix bq =
 m~h© †_‡K c„w_ex‡Z kã Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M = 8.32 wgwbU Rvg©vwb
 ‡h m‡e©v”P k‡ãi `ªæwZ mxgvi Dci gvbyl ewai n‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv  kvjMvQ evqygÛ‡j wK Z¨vM K‡i? = Aw·‡Rb
= 105 †Wwmej  ‡Kvb cÖKv‡ii gvwU Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ me©v‡cÿv
 Pvu‡` ev Ab¨ MÖ‡n wb‡j e¯‧i wK cwieZ©b NU‡e = e¯‧i fi GKB DcKvix? = †`vuAvk
_vK‡e wKš‧ IRb e`jv‡e  ‡Kvb Mv‡Qi cvZv †_‡KB MvQ Rb¥vq? =
 ‡Uwj‡dv‡bi Avwe®‥viK = Av‡jKRvÛvi MÖvnvg †ej cv_iKzuwP
 m~h© iwk¥ wK MwZ‡Z Mgb K‡i = †m‡K‡Û 1,86,000 gvBj †e‡M  iæcvšÍwiZ KvÛ †KvbwU? = Avjy
 ÔÔw_Dwi Ae wi‡jwUwfwUÓ Gi D™¢veK †K? = AvjevU© AvBb÷vBb  ÔgvkiægÕ GK ai‡Yi = dv½vm
 ‣e`y¨wZK ev‡j¦i wdjv‡g›U †Kvb avZz w`‡q •Zwi nq? = Uvs‡÷b  MÖxb nvDm M¨vm bq = bvB‡Uª‡Rb
 GKwU •e`y¨wZK cvLv ax‡i Pvjv‡j we`y¨r LiP n‡e = mgvb ev  ‡Kvb Kwb‡Ri Afv‡e MjMÛ †ivM nq? =
GKB _v‡K Av‡qvwWb
 iw½b †Uwjwfkb †_‡K ÿwZKi †h iwk¥ wbM©Z nq= Mvgv iwk¥  ‡Kvb cÖvYxwU `vwo‡q Nygvq? = †Nvov
 cvwb‡K ei‡d cwiYZ Ki‡j Gi AvqZb = ev‡o  el©vKv‡j †fRv Kvco ïKv‡Z †`wi nq †Kb? =
 eY©vÜ †jv‡Kiv †Kvb is eyS‡Z cv‡i bv? = jvj, bxj, meyR evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K
 ‡Kv_vq mvuZvi KvUv Kg Amva¨? = mvM‡i  d¨vb Pvjv‡j Avgiv VvÛv Abyfe Kwi KviY=
 DòZvi GKK wKfv‡e cwigvc Kiv nq? = †Kjwfb kixi †_‡K ev®úxfe‡bi nvi evwo‡q †`q
 nxiv Avuav‡i PK PK K‡i †Kb? = D”P cÖwZmiv‡¼i Kvi‡Y  GKwU jvj dzj‡K meyR Av‡jv‡Z †Kgvb
Av‡jvi cÖwZmiY N‡U †`Lv‡e? = Kv‡jv
 AvenvIqvi 90% Av`ª©Zv ej‡Z wK eySvq?= evZv‡m Rjxq  e¯‧i Av‡cwÿK fi †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib? =
ev‡®úi cwigvY m¤úwK©Z Ae¯vq 90% AvwK©wgwWm
 f~wgK¤ú gvcvi hš¿ wK? = wmm‡gvMÖvd ev wmm‡gvwgUvi  cvwbi Rxe n‡jI evZv‡m wbtk¦vm †bq = ïïK
 D‡ovRvnv‡Ri MwZ wbY©vqK hš¿ = U¨v‡KvwgUvi  ‡Uwjwfkb Avwe®‥vi K‡ib = Rb †eqvW©
 ‡Kvb hš¿ w`‡q we`y¨r cwigvc Kiv hvq? = A¨vwgUvi  ‡Kvb †Kv‡l GKvwaK wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K? = †cwk
 evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv cwigvc hš¿ = nvB‡MÖvwgUvi †Kv‡l
 Wz‡evRvnvR n‡Z cvwbi Dc‡i †Kvb e¯‧ †`Lvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq =  ‡Kv‡li gw¯Í®‥ ejv nq = wbDwK¬qvm‡K
†cwi‡¯‥vc  av‡bi ev`vgx †ivM nq= QÎvK Øviv
 c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q k³ c`v_© wK? = nxiK  ‡Kvb Dw™¢` `‡ji g~j, Kvb&&W, cvZv †bB wKš‧
 ‡mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv 0 0 wWwMÖ n‡j Zv dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j †K¬v‡ivwdj Av‡Q = •kevj
n‡e = 32 dv‡ibnvBU  dvb© Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨? = g~j, KvÛ,
 Electric bill is calculated in = kilowatt hour cvZv wef³ Acy®úK Dw™¢`
 we`y¨r I †Uwj‡dv‡bi Zvi Szwj‡q Uvbv nq ‡Kb? = kxZKv‡j Zvi  gvQ †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq = dzjKvi
VvÛvq msKzwPZ nq mvnv‡h¨
 ‡Kvb e¯‧ hLb mg¯Í Av‡jv †kvlY K‡i ZLb Zv‡K = Kv‡jv  gvby‡li †`‡n Kq †Rvov †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K? =
†`Lvq| 23 †Rvov
 ‡gNv”Qbœ AvKv‡ki ivZ A‡cÿvK…Z Dò nq KviY = †gN gvwU  ‡Mv` †iv‡Mi RY¨ `vqx †Kvb RxevYy? =
†_‡K evqy‡Z Zv‡ci wewKi‡Y evav †`q| dvB‡jwiqv wµwg]
 `„k¨gvb Av‡jvi ÿz`ªZg Zi½‣`N©¨ †Kvb i‡Oi = †e¸wb  ‡`‡ni me‡P‡q KwVb As‡ki bvg wK? =
 ``For every action there is an equal and opposite Gbv‡gj
reaction” The theory has given by = Newton 
 Uz_‡c‡÷i cÖavb Dcv`vb = mvevb I cvDWvi  fq †c‡j Mv‡qi †jvg Lvov n‡q hvq †Kvb
 cvwb KZ ZvcgvÎvq dz‡U? = 100 0 C ni‡gv‡bi Afv‡e ? = A¨vW‡ibvwjb
 Zij wgkÖ c`v_© †_‡K †Qu‡K fvix A`ªeYxq c`v_© c„_K Kivi  wdZv K…wg †Kvb ai‡Yi cÖvYx? = AšÍtciRxex
cÖYvjx‡K e‡j = cvZb  C÷ wK? = GKwU QÎvK
 bvBwUªK GwmW GKwU Aby‡K KqwU cigvYy _v‡K? = 5wU  gvbe †`‡ni me©e„nr A¼ wK? = Z¡K
 ‡Kvb avZz cvwb‡Z fv‡m? = Cu  gvB‡UvKwÛªqv Abycw¯Z?= e¨vK‡Uwiqv
 wRsK mvj‡d‡Ui ms‡KZ wK? = ZnSO 4  mv`v i³ ev eY©nxb wewk÷ cÖvYx = †Zjv‡cvKv
 A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi †hvRbx = 4  ‡Kvb LwbR je‡Yi Afv‡e Mv‡Qi cvZv I cyj
 ‡KvbwU Zwor we‡kølY †hvM¨ bq?= wPwb S‡i hvq? = dmdivm
 mvi wn‡m‡e †Kvb c`v_©wU dm‡ji †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq? =  ‡hme fvBivm e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K AvµgY K‡i
BDwiqv Zv‡`i e‡j = e¨vK‡UwiIdvR
 n¨v‡jv‡Rb †g․jmg~‡ni †kl †Lvj‡m B‡jKU‡bi msL¨v KZwU? =  ‡Kv‡li gw¯Í®‥ ejv nq = wbDwK¬qvm‡K
5wU  i‡³i †jvwnZ KwYKv •Zwi nq = Aw¯
 Am¤ú„³ nvB‡WªvKve©b †KvbwU? = Bw_wjb  Mvoxi e¨vUvwi‡Z †Kvb GwmW e¨envi Kiv nq?
 B_vbj RxevYyi Dcw¯wZ‡Z evqy Øviv RvwiZ n‡j wK cvIqv hvq? = mvjwdDwiK
= GwmwUK GwmW  eid cvwb‡Z fv‡m KviY ei‡di Zzjbvvq cvwbi
 ‡Kvb i‡Oi Kv‡c Pv ZvovZvwo VvÛv nq? = Kv‡jv NbZ¡ = †ewk
 me‡P‡q nvjKv †g․j = nvB‡Wªv‡Rb  gvebe‡`‡n kw³ Drcv`‡bi cÖavb Drm = k¦mb
 `ya †Kvb ai‡Yi GwmW _v‡K? = j¨vKwUK GwmW  ‡Kvb Wv‡ji m‡½ j¨v_vivBRg †iv‡Mi m¤úK©
 cvwb‡Z wK‡mi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j gvQ I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYx gviv Av‡Q? = †Lmvwi
hvq? = Aw·‡Rb  ‡KvbwUi we`y¨r cwievwnZv me‡P‡q †ewk? =
 Zvgv I wU‡bi wgkÖ‡Y wK nq? = †eªvÄ iƒcv
 ïKv‡bvi gva¨‡g Lv` msiÿY Kiv hvq KviY = ï®‥ Lv‡`¨  Rwgi jeYv³Zv wbqš¿Y K‡i †KvbwU? = cvwbi
AvenvIqv weiƒc cÖevn weivR K‡i †mP
 evqy gÛ‡j †Kvb Dcv`vb AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥‡K †kvlY K‡i = I‡Rvb  bevqY‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb †KvbwU? = cigvYy kw³
 Nl©Y, Zvc, ivmvqwbK BZ¨vw` cªwµqvq mn‡RB cigvYy †_‡K  cªvK…wZK †Kvb Drm †_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk g„`y
wbM©Z nq= B‡jKUªb cvwb cvIqv hvq? = e„wócvZ
 ‡Kvb M¨vm wb‡R Z¡‡j wKš‧ Ab¨‡K R¡j‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i bv? =  Wvqv‡ewUm †ivM m¤ú‡K© †h Z_¨wU mwVK bq =
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb wPwb RvZxq Lvevi †L‡j G †ivM nq
 KPz †L‡j Mjv PzjKvq KviY KPz‡Z _v‡K= K¨vjwmqvg A·v‡jU  mybvwgi KviY n‡jv = mgy‡`ªi Zj‡`‡k f~wgK¤ú
 digvwjb n‡jA digvjwWnvB‡Wi = 40% Rjxq `ªeY  nvo I `vuZ‡K gReyZ K‡i = K¨vjwmqvg I
dmdivm
 KvuP •Zwii cÖavb KvuPvgvj n‡jv= evwj
 ‡Kvb Lv‡`¨ †cÖvwUb †ewk = Miæi gvsg
 wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi KvR wK? = Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvB A·vBW enb
Kiv  cÖvYx RM‡Zi DrcwË I esk m¤^Üxq we`¨v‡K
e‡j = B‡fvwjDkb
 ‡KvbwU Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb bq? = ev‡qvM¨vm
 AwZwi³ Lv`¨ ‡_‡K wjfv‡i mwÂZ myMvi n‡jv
 nxiK D¾¡j †`Lvq KviY = Av‡jvi m¤ú~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb
= MøvB‡Kv‡Rb
 me‡P‡q g~j¨evb avZz = cøvwUbvg
 ‡Kvqv›Uvg ZË¡ Gi Aci bvg = †dvUb ZË¡
 GwmW e„wó nq evZv‡m = mvjdvi WvB A·vB‡Wi AvwaK¨
 gvQ †_‡K Avwgl Av‡m = 60%
 M¨vjfvbvB‡Rkb Gi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq †Kvb avZz? = wRsK
 ‡ikg †cvKv Pv‡li •eÁvwbK c×wZ =
 cvwb Rg‡j AvqZb = ev‡o
†mwiKvjPvi
 gvbe †`‡n ¯^vfvweK DòZv KZ? = 98.4 wWwMÖ dv‡ibnvBU  K…wl D`¨vb welqK we`¨v‡K e‡j = nwU©KvjPvi
 N.I.P Gi c~Y©iƒc wK? = Normal Temperature &  Ôw÷ªU fvBivmÕ RxevYy n‡jv= †iwem †iv‡Mi
Pressure  gnvk~Y¨ †_‡K AvMZ iwk¥‡K e‡j= KmwgK iwk¥
 cig k~Y¨ ZvcgvÎv mgvb = 2730 ‡mw›U‡MÖW  MwZwe`¨vi RbK = M¨vwjwjI
 Gm AvB c×wZ‡Z Zv‡ci GKK = Ryj  wbDwK¬q wdkb wefvRb n‡jv = we‡qvRb cÖwµqv
 GKwU e× N‡i GKwU Pvjy wd‡Ri `iRv Ly‡j ivL‡j N‡ii  Li cvwb‡Z DËg †dbv †`q = wWUvi‡R›U
ZvcgvÎv = AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e  `~i‡Z¡i me‡P‡q eo GKK = Av‡jvKel©
 wm Gb wR Mvox P‡j = A‡UvP‡µ  ‡KvbwU i³ Avgvk‡qi RxevYy?= wm‡Mjv
 evsjv‡`‡k wUwf m¤úªPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î AwWI wmMb¨vj cvVv‡Z nq =  A¨vjywgwbqvg mvj‡dU‡K PwjZ evsjvq e‡j =
wd«Kz‡qwÝ gWz‡jkb K‡i wdUwKwi
 AvjUªvm‡bvMÖvdx wK? = †QvU Zi½‣`‡N©¨i k‡ãi Øviv B‡gwRs  ‡jW A¨vwm‡UW †h †iv‡Mi Ilya = Pg©‡ivM
 nxiK D¾¡j †`Lvq KviY = Av‡jvi m¤ú~Y© Af¨šÍixY cÖwZdjb  cvigvYweK †evgvi PvB‡Z kw³kvjx n‡jv =
N‡U nvB‡Wªv‡Rb †evgv
 el©vKv‡j †fRv Kvco ïKv‡Z †`wi nq †Kb? =evZv‡m Rjxq  GKwU GU‡g KwYKvi msL¨v = 3wU
ev‡®úi cwigvY †ewk _v‡K  wbDUb Avvwe®‥vi K‡ib = P¨vWDBK
 ‡ZRw®…q c`v_© bq = †j․n  cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡m _v‡K = wbDUªb I †cÖvUb
 kxZKv‡j †VvuU I Mv‡qi Pvgov †d‡U hvq KviY = evZv‡m  ‡h․wMK AYyexÿb hš¿ Avwe®‥vi K‡ib =
Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv Kg _v‡K M¨vwjwjI (1610 mv‡j)
 wWwRUvj †Uwj‡dv‡bi cÖavb •ewk÷¨ = wWwRUvj wmMb¨v‡j evZ©v  ‡jvnvi cÖavb AvKwiK n‡jv= †ngvUvBU
†cÖiY  ‡Pv‡Li mv‡_ wgj Av‡Q= K¨v‡givi
 f~wg †_‡K Dc‡i DV‡j k¦vmKó nq †Kb? = Dc‡i evqyi Pvc †ewk  `y‡a _v‡K = j¨vKwUK GwmW
_v‡K  ‡U÷wUDe c×wZi RbK = ievU© GWIqvW©m
 MÖx®§Kv‡j Avgiv Kv‡jv Kvco cwiavb Kwi bv †Kb? = Kv‡jv  ‣Re imvq‡bi RbK = †d«WwiK Dnjvi
Kvco kix‡ii Zvc †K evwn‡i †h‡Z †`q bv  Ô‡MvÕ emšÍ †ivM †h fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ nq =
 d¨vb Pvjv‡j Avgiv VvÛv Abyfe Kwi KviY= kixi †_‡K f¨vw·wbqv fvBivm
ev®úxfe‡bi nvi evwo‡q †`q  1 Faraday = 96500 Columb
 cøv÷vi Ae c¨vwim ejv nq = `yB Aby cvwb mn‡hv‡M MwVZ  K…wÎg wRb Avwe®‥vi K‡ib = ni‡Mvwe›` †Lvivbv
K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU  Zvgvi mv‡_ wK †gkv‡j wcZj nq? = `¯Ív
 DW †cw݇ji ÔÔmxmÕÕ n‡jv = MÖvdvBU 2B, 4B, 6B ‡cw݇ji  KYv Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v †K? = AvBR¨vK wbDUb
kx‡lI MÖvdvBU _v‡K  Av‡jvi DrcwËi KviY = cigvYyi B‡jKUªb
 ï®‥ eid ejv nq = wngvwqZ Kve©b WvB A·vBW‡K, e¨eüZ nq  KvuP •Zwii cÖavb KvuvPvgvj n‡jv = evwj
†÷‡R †avqv m„wó‡Z  ÔRjvZ¼Õ Gi fvBivm n‡jv = i¨vwem fvBivm
 ‡KvbwU †m․i †Kv‡l e¨eüZ nq= K¨vWwgqvg  wmwjKb we`y¨r = Acwievnx
 cvwb †X‡j †K‡ivwm‡bi Av¸b wbfv‡bv hvq bv KviY = †K‡ivwmb  GK Av‡jvKel© = 9.46110 wK.wg.
cvwbi †P‡q nvjKv  wefvRb ÿgZv Abymv‡i wUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi? = `yB
 A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU wK? = GKwU jeY cÖKvi
 KvuP wK w`‡q ‣Zwi? = SiO2 , hvi Ab¨ bvg wmwjKv  me‡P‡q mwµq AavZz = †d¬vwib (F)
 ‡Kvb •Ree¯‧i Am¤ú~Y© `n‡bi d‡i †Kvb M¨vm •Zwi nq? = Kve©b  evqyi gva¨‡g msµvwgZ nq= Bbd¬z‡qÄv
g‡bvA·vBW  AavZzmg~n cÖavbZ we`y¨r I Zvc = Acwievnx
 ‡Kvb N¨v‡mi is jvj‡P ev`vgx? = bvB‡Uªv‡Rb WvB A·vBW  Ae¯vb I Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ †Kvl KZ cÖKvi? =
 GwmW e„wói KviY = mvjdvi WvB A·vBW I bvBUªvm A·vBW `yB cKvi
 ‡Kvb avZz me©v‡cÿv nvjKv ? = wjw_qvg  wm‡g›U •Zwii KvuPvgvj = wRcmvg
 ‡Kvb †g․wjK M¨vm me‡P‡q fvix? = †iWb, GwU GKwU wbw®…q  fvBivmRwbK †ivM bq = wWc‡_wiqv
M¨vm  meyR KvuP cvIqv hvq = †µvwgqvg †_‡K
 ‡d«qb Kvi †UªW bvg? = CFC (‡iwd«Rv‡iU‡i _v‡K), †K¬v‡ivd¬z‡iv  we`y¨r we‡ji wnmve Kiv nq? = wK‡jvIqvU
 Kve©b NbUv
 jvwds M¨vm wK? N 2 O  RwUj AYyexÿY h‡š¿ e¨envi Kiv nq= `ywU
DËj †jÝ
 Kvco KvuPvi †mvWv †KvbwU? = Na2 CO3
 ‡cUv †jvnv n‡jv = big
 ‡bvej M¨vm bq= I‡Rvb  Avgv‡`i †`‡k †h cÖvK…wZK M¨vm cvIqv hvq
 IqvUvi M¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb¸‡jv wK wK? = nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I Kve©b Zv‡Z wg‡_b _v‡K = 95-99%
g‡bvA·vBW
 `ywU ZworØvi wewk÷ evqyk~b¨ evj¦‡K e‡j=
 ‡Uw÷s më Gi ivmvqwbK bvg wK? = g‡bv †mvwWqvg MøyUv‡gU, Wv‡qvW
AvvwRbv‡gvUv|  ‡÷c Avc = wb¤œ¯iÍ †_‡K D”PZi
 cv¯‧ivB‡Rk‡bi gva¨‡g RxevYygy³ Kiv nq = `ya‡K  AvenvIqv m¤úwK©Z weÁvb = †gwUI‡ivjwR
 cªvYxi gjg~Î †_‡K e¨vK‡Uwiqvi mvnv‡h¨ dvi‡g‡›Ukb cÖwµqvq  Dò I kxZj †¯ªv‡Zi wgi‡b = Kzqvkv I So
Drcbœ nq = wg‡_b nq
 ‡iw÷dvBW w¯úwiU n‡jv = 95% B_vBj Gj‡Kvnj + 5% cvwb  mgy`ª †¯ªv‡Zi Ab¨Zg KviY = evqy cÖev‡ni
 M¨vjfvbvB‡Rkb n‡jv †jvnvi Dci = `¯Ívi cÖ‡jc cÖfve
 m¨vKvwib cÖ¯Z‧ Kiv nq = UjyBb n‡Z  evqy gÛ‡ji ¯Íi KqwU? = 4wU
 ‡Kvb R¡vjvwb †cvov‡j cÖavbZ mvjdvi WvB A·vBW M¨vm evZv‡m  ‡Møvevj Iqvwg©s Gi Rb `vqx = Kve©b WvB
Av‡m = wW‡Rj A·vBW
 ‡g․wjK c`v_© bq = dmwdb  wb‡Pi †KvbwU GwmW e„wói mv‡_ mswkøó =
 ‡Kvb avZz †cvov‡j D¾¡j njy` e‡Y©i wkLv Drcbœ nq? =
†mvwWqvg  h²v †iv‡Mi RxevYy †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib? = ievU©
 ‡Kvb AavZz we`y¨r cwienb K‡i? = MÖvdvBU KP
 Uz_‡c‡÷ †d¬vivBW e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb? = GwU `vu‡Zi ÿq‡iva  ‡`n †Kv‡li cybiæ¾xeb NUv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
K‡i = †cÖvwUb
 ‡KvbwU Kvu`v‡b M¨vm wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq? = †K¬v‡ivwcwµb  fq †c‡j Mv‡qi †jvg Lvov n‡q hvq †Kvb
 ‡h avZz we‡kølY Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K e‡j = †g․wjK avZz ni‡gv‡bi Afv‡e = A¨vW‡ibvwjb
 wRiKb, †gvbvRvBU, weDUvBj cÖf…wZi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq = Kv‡jv  ‡Kvb wfUvwgb ÿZ¯vb n‡Z i³cvZ cov eÜ
†mvbv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i? = wfUvwgb †K
 ¯^‡Y©i Lv` †ei Ki‡Z †Kvb GwmW e¨envi Kiv nq? = bvBwUªK  ‡KvbwU †`n‡Kvl bq?= †cÖvwUb
GwmW  ‡K¬v‡ivwdj AYyi Dcv`vb wK? = g¨vM‡bwmqvg
 gvby‡li i‡³i pH KZ? = 7.4  wn‡gv‡Møvwe‡bi KvR wK?? = Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b
 CNG Gi c~Y©iƒc wK? = Compressed Natural Gas. WvB A·vBW enb Kiv
 PCR Gi c~Y©iƒc wK? = cwjgvi †PBb wiG¨vKkb  ‡Kvb i‡³i MÖæc‡K Ôme©Rbxb `vZvÕ
 C6 H14 Gi AvB‡mvgvi Gi msL¨v = 6wU (Universal donar) ejv nq = MÖæc I (O)
 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cigvYy‡Z †KvbwU †bB? = B‡jKUªb  ‡gvUvgywU m¤ú~Y© ev Av`k© Lv`¨ ejv nq = `ya‡K
 AwMœwbe©vcK wmwjÛv‡i _v‡K = Zij Kve©b WvB A·vBW  Zv‡c †Kvb wfUvwgb bó nq? = wfUvwgb wm
 Zij avZz = cvi`  ‡Kvb wfUvwg‡bi Afv‡e gy‡L I wRnŸvq Nv nq?
H  Avqb `ªe‡Yi NbgvÎv FYvZ¥K jMvwi`g‡K wK e‡j?= pH
= wfUvwgb we-2

 gv‡Qi gv_v †_‡K †Kvb wfUvwgb cvIq hvq? =
 ‡÷Bb‡jm ÷x‡j †jvnvi mv‡_ †Kvb avZz wgkv‡bv nq nq? =
wfUvwgb G
wb‡Kj I †µvwgqvg
 ‡`‡n Avwg‡li KvR wK? = †`n †Kvl MV‡b
 wf‡bMvi = 10% GwmwUK Gwm‡Wi Rjxq `ªeY
mnvqZv K‡i
 ÔÔA¨v‡Kvqv wiwRqvÓ ej‡Z wK eySvq? = Kb‡mb‡Uª‡UW
 KPz †L‡j Mjv PzjKvq KviY KPz‡Z _v‡K =
nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW I bvBwUªK Gwm‡Wi wgkÖY
K¨vjwmqvg A·v‡jU
 `y‡ai is mv`v nq †Kb? = Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui R‡b¨
 kÖeY QvovI Kv‡bi Ab¨Zg KvR n‡jv= ‡`‡ni
 gvby‡li eyw×i weKvk mvab nq = 24 eQ‡i
 i³ RgvU evua‡Z †Kvb avZzi Avqb mvnvh¨
 Dw™¢‡`i mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y KvR K‡i = †K¬v‡ivwdj
K‡i? = K¨vjwmqvg
 ‡h e¯‧ Av‡jvi me is cÖwZdwjZ K‡i Zvi is = mv`v  ‡K¬vwbs Gi gva¨‡g Rb¥ †bIqv me©cÖ_g †fovi
 wR‡bi ivmvqwbK MVb Dcv`vb †K ejv nq = wWGbG bvg wK? = Wwj
 cvDiæwU evbv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb QÎvK RvZxq Dw™¢` e¨envi Kiv nq?  RwÛm †iv‡M †`‡ni †Kvb Ask AvµvšÍ nq? =
= C÷ wjfvi
 Kjvi Pviv jvMv‡bvi mgq cvZv †K‡U †djv nq †Kb? = cÖ‡¯^`b  wWc‡_wiqv †iv‡M †`‡ni †Kvb Ask AvµvšÍ nq?
†iva Kivi Rb¨ = Mjv
 fvBivm GKwU = A‡Kvlxq Rxe  ‡KvbwU †g․jI bq Avevi †h․MI bq? = kK©iv
 ‣kevj †Kvb RvZxq Dw™¢`? = ¯^‡fvRx  gvQ †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq? =
 Dw™¢` †Kvl †_‡K cvwb ev®úvKv‡i †ei n‡q hvIqvi wbqg‡K e‡j dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨
= cÖ‡¯^`b  evZv‡m Aw·‡R‡bi kZKiv nvi KZ? =
 ‡hme wbDwK¬qv‡mi †cÖvUb msL¨v mgvb wKš‧ fi msL¨v mgvb bq, 20.71%
Zv‡`i e‡j = AvB‡mv‡Uvc  evqygÛ‡j †Kvb M¨v‡mi cwigvY †ewk? =
 ‡hme wbDwK¬qv‡mi wbDUªb msL¨v mgvb wKš‧ fi msL¨v mgvb bq, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
Zv‡`i e‡j= AvB‡mv‡Uvb  mybvwg Gi cÖavb KviY wK? = mgy`ª Zj‡`‡k
 Ôwk‡gi wewPÕ †Kvb ai‡Yi Lv`¨?= Avwgl f~wgK¤ú
 wWg I `y‡a †Kvb wfUvwgb †bB? = wfUvwgb wm  hvbevn‡bi Kv‡jv †avuqv wKfv‡e cwi‡ek `~wlZ
 ÔMjMÛÕ †ivM nq wK‡mi Afv‡e? = Av‡qvwWb K‡i? = evZv‡m Kve©b g‡bv A·vB‡Wi cwigvY
 cvwb evwnZ †ivM = RwÛm e„w×
 ‡cÖvwUb •Zwi‡Z e¨envi nq= A¨vgvB‡bv GwmW  ‡KvbwU w`‡q nvu‡mi †cøM †ivM nq? = fvBivm
 ‡Kvb †iv‡M kix‡ii BwgDwbwU bó nq? = GBWm
 wewjiæweb •Zwi nq = hK…‡Z  f~-c„ô †_‡K eû Dc‡i DV‡j kixi †d‡U i³
 gvbe‡`‡n †jvwnZ KwYKvi Avqy¯‥vj KZw`b? = 120 w`b †ei nq †Kb? = †mLv‡b evqyi Pvc Kg _v‡K
 gvbe‡`‡n KZwU nvo Av‡Q? =206wU  m~h© iwk¥ †_‡K †Kvb wfUvwgb cvIqv hvq? =
 mKj m¤ú~iK Dw™¢` = ¯^‡fvRx wfUvwgb wW
 me©vwaK cUvwmqvg hy³ Lv`¨ †KvbwU? = Wve  me‡P‡q †ewk wfUvwgb wm mg„× dj = †cqviv
 ü`wc‡Ûi eÜ wkiv †ejy‡bi mvnv‡h¨ dzjv‡bv‡K e‡j = GbwRI  f~-c„‡ô me‡P‡q †ewk cvIqv hvq = Aw·‡Rb
cøv÷  eY©vjx I ïåv wK? = DbœZ Rv‡Zi fzÆv
 wbD‡gvwbqv †ivMwU nq = dzmdz‡m  c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk Kwc Drcbœ nq =
 Rx‡ei eskMwZi •ewkó¨ enb K‡i = †µv‡gv‡Rvg eªvwR‡j
 gvbe †`‡n e„w×i Rb¨ `iKvi = Avwgl  evsjv‡`‡k GKwU RxešÍ Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb = ivR
 ‡Kvb †iv‡M gvwo w`‡q i³ I cyuR c‡o = ¯‥vwf© KvuKov
 i‡³ †jvwnZ KwYKvi KvR wK? = Aw·‡Rb enb Kiv  cvwbi Rxe n‡qI evZv‡m wbtk¦vm †bq = ïïK
 fvimvg¨ iÿv Kiv  me©cÖ_g †h Ddkx avb Pvjy n‡q GL‡bv eZ©gvb
 ‡KvbwUi gva¨‡g †cwk¸‡jv Aw¯i mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K = wjMv‡g›U i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv = Bwi-8 (AvUv)
 ü`‡iv‡Mi cÖavb KviY = a~gcvb  evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq A_©Kix dmj = Pv
 evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb weÁvbx Kwj½ cyi®‥vi jvf K‡ib? = Wt  ‡KvbwU g¨vb‡MÖvf eb? = my›`ieb
Avãyjøvn Avj gyZx  ‡Kvb R¡vjvwb †cvov‡j cÖavbZ mvjdvi WvB
 ‡Kvb ivmvqwbK c`v_©wU †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K bv? = A·vBW M¨vm evZv‡m Av‡m? = wW‡Rj
wjwcW  dj cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ `vqx = Bw_wjb
 cøvw÷W †Kv_vq _v‡K? = mvB‡UvcøvR‡g  Dw™¢‡`i g~L¨ cywó Dcv`vb KqwU? = 9wU
 ‡Kvb c`v‡_©i Rb¨ dzj iw½b I my›`i n‡e?= †µv‡gvcøv÷  iƒcvjx I †Wj‡dvR wK? = DšÍ Rv‡Zi Zzjv
 Aw¯i e„w×i Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk cÖ‡qvRb = K¨vjwmqvg  K…wli iwe †g․myg †KvbwU? = KvwZ©K-dvêyb
 ‡K¬v‡ivwd‡ji g‡a¨ †Kvb avZe AvqibwU Av‡Q? = gv½vwbR  evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªx †Mv cÖRbb Lvgvi †Kv_vq
 ‡Kvb cÖvYxwU †giæ`Ûnxb cÖvYx?= †Ku‡Pv Aew¯Z? = mvfv‡i
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g KZ mv‡j M¨vm D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq? = 1957 mv‡j  bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mg„× •Re mvi †KvbwU? = mwilvi •Lj
 hLb m~h© I c„w_exi gv‡S Pvu` _v‡K ZLb nq = m~h©MÖnY
  KPz kv‡K †ewk _v‡K? = †j․n  Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z Pj‡j c„w_ex †_‡K Pvu‡`
 ev‡qvM¨vm •Zwii ci †h Aewkóvsk _v‡K Zv = mvi wn‡m‡e †c․Qv‡Z KZ mgq jv‡M = 1.5 †m‡KÛ cÖvq
e¨envi Kiv nq  Gwkqvi `wÿYfvM w`‡q †M‡Q = KK©UµvwšÍ
 ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwRi gva¨‡g †Kvb ni‡gvb •Zwi nq? = †Mv_ †iLv
ni‡gvb  ‡KvbwU gkv evwnZ †ivM = †W½y
 welv³ wb‡KvwUb _v‡K = Zvgv‡K  ‡K¬v‡ivwdj Qvov m¤úbœ nq bv = mv‡jvKms‡kølY
 IRb ¯Íi me‡P‡q †ewk ÿwZ K‡i = †K¬vwib  Gw›Uev‡qvwUK Gi KvR = RxevYy aŸsm K‡i
 wfUvwgb wW Gi Aev‡e †Kvb †ivM nq? = wi‡KUm  wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Afv‡e †Kvb †ivM nq=
 IRb ¯Í‡ii dvUj aivi Rb¨ g~L¨ `vqx M¨vm = †K¬v‡iv‡d¬v‡iv ivZKvbv
Kve©b
 A¨vb_ªv· †iv‡Mi wUKv Avwe®‥vi K‡ib = jyB cv¯‧i
 ‡KvbwU †_‡K CFC wbM©Z nq bv? = KvM‡Ri wgj

www.sadiksir.com fb/sadik Sir

 evQvBK…Z AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© weÁv‡bi cÖkœ
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
 Avgv‡`i †`n‡Kvl i³ n‡Z MÖnY K‡i Aw·‡Rb I Møy‡KvR| (10Zg  KK©UµvwšÍ †iLv evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨Lvb w`‡q †M‡Q| (16 Zg
wewmGm) wewmGm)
 D‡ovRvnv‡Ri MwZ wbY©vqK hš¿ U¨v‡KvwgUvi| (22Zg wewmGm)  Kve©y‡iUi _v‡K †h Bwćb †c‡Uªvj BwÄb| (27 Zg wewmGm)
 GbwRI cøvw÷ n‡”Q ü`wc‡Ûi eÜ wkiv †ejy‡bi mvnv‡hª dzjv‡bv|  K¨v‡m‡Ui wdZvi kã iwÿZ _v‡K Pz¤^K †ÿÎ wnmv‡e| (23 Zg
(21Zg wewmGm) wewmGm)
 KPzkvK we‡klfv‡e g~j¨evb †h Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ Zv n‡jv †j․n| (10 Zg  ‡K¬vwbs c×wZ‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix †fovi bvg Wwj| (19 Zg
wewmGm) wewmGm)
 Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®‥vi K‡ib nvIqvW© GBwKb| (20 Zg wewmGm)  M¨vwjwjI n‡jv c„w_ex †_‡K cvVv‡bv e„n¯úwZi GKwU K…wÎg
 Rxe †`‡ni kw³i Drm wK?  Lv`¨ DcMÖn| (18 Zg wewmGm)
 Rxe cÖhwy ³ e¨envi K‡i D™¢vweZ bZyb cÖvYx wKsev Dw™¢`‡K wK e‡j?  wMømvwib `ªexf~Z nq bv| (28 Zg wewmGm)
 Uªv݇RwbK cÖvYx  Pvu‡` †Kvb kã Ki‡j Zv †kvbv hv‡e bv, KviY Pvu‡` evqygÛj

 Rxb
†bB| (16 Zg wewmGm)
 Rxe RM‡Zi •ewP‡Î¨i wbqš¿Y‡K?  RjR Dw™¢` mn‡R fvm‡Z cv‡i KviY G‡`i Kv‡Û A‡bK evqy
 Rxe cÖhyw³i D`vniY †Kvb ¸‡jv?  AYyRxe weÁvb, wUmy¨ KvjPvi, KzVzix _v‡K| (10 Zg wewmGm)
wRb cÖ‡K․kj  ‡Rvqvi-fvUvi †ZRKUvj nq Agvem¨vq| (18 Zg wewmGm)
 Rxe weÁv‡bi RbK †K?  Gwi÷Uj  Uz_‡c‡÷i cÖavb Dcv`vb mvevb I cvDWvi| (17 Zg wewmGm)
 Rxe msiÿY I cuPb wbevi‡Yi Rb¨ wK e¨eüZ nq?  digvwjb  wWwRUvj Nwo ev K¨vjKz‡jU‡i Kvj‡P Aby¾¡j †h †jLv dz‡U D‡V
†mwU wmwjKb wPc| (15 Zg wewmGm)
 RxevYy we`¨vi RbK †K?  fb wjD‡qb ûK  Zvgvi mv‡_ †h Dcv`vb †gkv‡j wcZj nq `¯Ív (wR¼)| (23
 Rx‡ei esk MwZi GKK ‡KvbwU?  wRb Zg wewmGm)
 Ry‡fbvBj Møy‡Kvgv Awÿ‡Mvj‡Ki KvwVb¨  w`bivwÎ me©Zi mgvb wbiÿ‡iLvq| (28 Zg wewmGm)
 Uz_‡c‡÷i cÖavb Dcv`vb wK?  mvevb I cvDWvi  cvwb‡Z †b․Kvi •eVv evuKv †`Lv hvIqvi KviY Av‡jvi cÖwZmiY|
‡Uwjwfkb †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  Rb Gj †eqvW©
(13 Zg wewmGm)

 Ôwcwm KvjPviÕ ej‡Z eySvq grm¨ Pvl| (23 Zg wewmGm)
 ‡Uw÷s më Gi ivmvqwbK bvg wK?  †mvwWqvg g‡bv MøyUv‡gU  ev`yo Pjv‡div K‡i m„ó k‡ãi cÖwZaŸwb ï‡b| (27 Zg
 Uªv݇RwbK cÖvYx D™¢ve‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvYx¸‡jvi `ya, i³, g~Î †_‡K wewmGm)
cÖ‡qvRbxq Ilya AvniY Kivi cÖwµqv‡K wK e‡j?  gwjKzjvi dvwg©s  wek¦ cwi‡ek w`em cvwjZ nq cÖwZeQi 5 Ryb| (30 Zg
 ‡Vv‡Ui †Kvbv gy‡Li Nv wK‡mi Afv‡e nq?  wfUvwgb we-2 wewmGm)
 Wvqv‡ewUm †ivM nq wK‡mi Afv‡e?  Bbmywjb  ‣e`y¨wZK ev‡j¦i wdjv‡g›U †h avZz w`‡q •Zwi Zv n‡jv Uvs‡÷b|
(29 Zg wewmGm)
 wWGbG †U‡÷i gva¨‡g wcZvgvZv-mšÍvb KZ fvM wgj cvIqv hvq?   f~wgK¤ú wbY©vqK hš¿ wmm‡gvMÖvd| (22 Zg wewmGm)
99.9%  g½jMª‡n †cÖwiZ b‡fvhvb fvBwKs| (13 Zg wewmGm)
 WªvB AvBm ev ï®‥ eid Kv‡K e‡j?  KwVb Kve©b WvB A·vBW †K  gvQ Aw·‡Rb †bq cvwbi g‡a¨ `ªexf~Z evZvm n‡Z| (10 Zg
 Z¡‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq †K?  †Ku‡Pv wewmGm)
 Zi½ •`N© evo‡j k‡ãi ZxÿèZv- K‡g  gvby‡li Mv‡qi is wbf©i K‡i †h Dcv‡`bi Dci †gjvwbb|
 Zij c`v‡_© Zvc †Kvb c×wZ‡Z cÖevwnZ nq?  cwiPjb c×wZ‡Z  gvby‡li ¯úvBbvj K‡W©i •`N©¨ 18 Bw (cÖvq)|
 hLb m~h© I c„w_exi g‡a¨ Pvu` Ae¯vb K‡i ZLb nq m~h© MÖnY|
 Zvgv‡K welv³ †Kvb c`v_© _v‡K?  wb‡KvwUb  ‡h wfUvwgb ÿZ¯vb n‡Z i³ cov eÜ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
 Zvgvi mv‡_ wUb wgkv‡j wK Drcbœ nq?  †eªvÄ wfUvwgb Ô†KÕ|
 Zvgvi mv‡_ `¯Ív ev wRsK †gkv‡j wK Drcbœ nq?  wcZj  ‡h gm„Y Z‡j Av‡jvi wbqwgZ cÖwZdjb N‡U `c©Y|
‡ZuZz‡j †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  UviUvwiK GwmW
 ‡h ni‡gv‡bi Afv‡e Wvqv‡ewUm †ivM nq Zv n‡jv Bbmywjb|
  i½xb †Uwjwfkb n‡Z ÿwZKi †h iwk¥ †ei nq Mvgv iwk¥|
 _vBwgb †Kv_vq _v‡K?  wWGbG  ‡iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii Kg‡cÖm‡ii KvR †d«qb‡K ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv|
 `B wK?  `y‡ai RgvU evuav e¨vK‡Uwiqv  k‡ãi ZxeªZv wbY©vqK hš¿ AwWIwgUvi|
 `vwo †Mvud MRvq †Kvb ni‡gv‡bi Kvi‡Y?  †U‡÷v‡÷iY ni‡gvb  mgy`ªc„‡ô evqyi Pvc cÖwZ eM© †mw›UwgUv‡i 10 wbDUb|
w`‡bi Av‡jv‡Z KvR K‡i †Pv‡Li ‡Kvb Ask?  Kbm
 mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv gvcv nq †h hš¿ Øviv- d¨v‡`vwgUvi|
  mv‡jvKms‡kølY me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y nq meyR Av‡jv‡Z|
 `ya †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  j¨vKwUK GwmW  wm‡bgv‡¯‥vc cÖ‡R±‡i †h ai‡Yi †jÝ e¨eüZ nq AeZj|
 `y‡ai NbZ¡ †Kvb hš¿ w`‡q gvcv nq?  j¨vK‡UvwgUvi  CNG Gi A_© Kg‡cÖm Kiv cÖvK…wZK M¨vm|
 `y‡ai †cÖvwU‡bi bvg wK?  ‡Kwmb  G¨vwmW Avwe®‥vi nq K‡e?  1981 mv‡j|
 `y‡ai kK©iv‡K wK e‡j?  j¨vK‡UvR  A¨vwmW bxj wjUgvm †ccvi‡K wK K‡i?  jvj
 `„k¨gvb eY©vjxi ÿz`ªZg Zi½ •`N©¨ †Kvb Av‡jvi?  †e¸bx  AvKvk bxj †`Lvq †Kb?  bxj Av‡jvi we‡ÿcY A‡cÿvK…Z
 `„k¨gvb eY©vjxi e„nËg Zi½ •`N©¨ †Kvb Av‡jvi?  jvj †ewk e‡j
 bevqY‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm †Kv_vq?  dz‡qj †mj  AvKv‡k †gN _vK‡j Mig †ewk jv‡M †Kb?  †gN f~-c„‡ôi
bvwoi ¯ú›`b cÖfvweZ nq wK‡mi gva¨‡g?  agbxi gva¨‡g
Zvc wewKi‡Y evav †`q e‡j

 bvix cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ Kvi Z_¨ aviY ÿgZv †ewk?  bvixi
 Av½y‡i †Kvb G¨vwmW _v‡K?  UviUvwiK GwmW
AvaywbK Kw¤úDUvi †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  Pvj©m e¨v‡eR
bvmv cÖwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j?  1958 mv‡j


Av‡c‡j †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  mvwjK GwmW
bvmvi m`i `ßi †Kv_vq Aew¯Z?  hy³iv‡óªi †d¬vwiWvq


AvgjwK‡Z †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?  A·vwjK GwmW
wbDUªb Avwe®‥vi K‡ib †K?  †P¨vWDBK

Avwgl RvZxq Lv`¨ †Kvb RviK im cwicvK K‡i? 

wbD‡gvwbqv †ivM nq †Kv_vq?  dzmdz‡m


†ccwmb
 wb¤œ †kÖwYi †cªvwUb mg„× Lvevi †KvbwU?  Wvj  wmjfv‡ii
 Avqbvi wcQ‡b wK‡mi cÖ‡jc †`qv nq?
 cigvYyi PvR© wbi‡cÿ KwYKv †KvbwU?  wbDUªb 
 Av‡qvwWb cÖK…wZ‡Z wKfv‡e _v‡K? KwVb Ae¯vq
cigvYyi wbDwK¬qv‡m wK _v‡K?  †cÖvUb I wbDUªb
AvjKvZiv wK †_‡K •Zwi nq?  Kqjv


cigvYyi †b‡MwUf PvR©hy³ KwYKv †KvbwU?  B‡jKUªb
Av‡jvi MwZi Avwe®‥viK †K?  G gvB‡Kjmb


cigvYyi c‡RwUf PvR©hy³ KwYKv †KvbwU?  †cÖvUb
BD‡ivwmj †Kv_vq _v‡K?  RNA-‡Z


cigvYyi me©v‡cÿv nvjKv Kbv †KvbwU?  B‡jKUªb KwbKv
Bbmywjb †Kv_vq Drcbœ nq?  AMœvk‡q


cvigvYweK †evgv †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  I‡cb †nBgvi
B›Uvi‡dib wK?  ÿz`ª ÿz`ª A‡bK¸‡jv †cÖvwU‡bi mgwó hv


 cvnv‡o IVv KóKi †Kb?  AwfKl©R e‡ji wecix‡Z KvR Kivi †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv evovq
Rb¨
 B‡jKUªb †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  Rb _¤úmb
 cyiæl gvby‡li Rbb •ewk‡ó¨i Rb¨ `vqx †Kvb †µv‡gv‡Rvg? Y  B¯úviZ •Zwi‡Z †jvnvi mv‡_ wK wgkv‡Z nq?  Kve©b
†µv‡gvRvg
 wbDib  B¯úv‡Z Kve©‡bi kZKiv cwigvY KZ?  0.15-1.5%
 c~Y©v½ ¯œvqy †Kvl‡K wK e‡j?
 c„w_ex‡Z †gvU †g․wjK c`v‡_©i msL¨v KZ?  109wU  D”P †kÖwYi †cÖvwUb mg„× Lvevi †KvbwU?  gvsm
DW †cw݇ji kxl wK w`‡q •Zwi nq?  MÖvdvBU
 c„w_exi †K›`ª¯‡j e¯‧i IRb †Kgb?  k~Y¨ 
DW w¯úwiU wK?  wg_vBj Gj‡Kvnj
c„w_exi ÿz`ªgZ ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx †KvbwU?  evgb wPKv

D‡ovRvnv‡Ri MwZ wbY©vqK h‡š¿i bvg wK?  U¨vKwgUvi

c„w_exi `ªæZZg cvwL †KvbwU?  myBdU evW©

Dw™¢‡`i RxešÍ Rxevk¥ †KvbwU?  mvBKvm

c„w_exi cÖ_g gnvKvkPvix †K?  DBwi M¨vMwib (1961 mv‡j)

Dw™¢‡`i cÖRbb A½ †KvbwU?  dzj

‡cwbwmwjb †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  Av‡jKRvÛvi †d¬wgs

G‡Kvqv †iwRqv ev ivR A¤ø Kv‡K e‡j?  3:1 Abycv‡Zi

‡cm‡gKvi †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  Rvg©vwbi wm‡gÝ Gwjqv †Kv¤úvbx,

Dw™¢` weÁv‡bi RbK †K?  w_I d«vmUvm

1958 mv‡j 
 cÖK…wZ‡Z cÖvß †g․‡ji g‡a¨ avZzi msL¨v KZwU?  70wU  G‡±vWvg©vj wWm‡cøwmqv > NvgMÖwš I `vu‡Zi Abycw¯wZ

 cÖK…wZ‡Z cÖvß †g․‡ji msL¨v KZwU?  92wU  KPz †L‡j Mjv PzjKvq wK‡mi Dcw¯wZi Rb¨?  Kvjwmqvg
cÖK„wZ‡Z †iwWI AvB‡mv‡Uv‡ci msL¨v KZwU?  50wU
A·vwjK

 KPz kv‡K wK †ewk _v‡K?  †j․n
 cÖK…wZ‡Z me‡P‡ KwVb c`v_© †KvbwU?  nxiv  cwienb
 KwVb c`v‡_© Zvc †Kvb c×wZ‡Z cÖevvwnZ nq?
 cÖwZ wgwb‡U ü`wc‡Ûi ¯^vfvweK ¯ú›`b KZ?  72 evi c×wZ‡Z
 cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖv‡gi iPwqZv †K?  †jWx G‡Wv AM÷v  Kwd‡Z †Kvb Dcv`vb _v‡K?  K¨v‡dBb
 cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Gi cÖavb Dcv`vb wK?  wg‡_b  Kgjv †jey‡Z †Kvb GwmW cvIqv hvq?  GmKiweK GwmW
 cÖvK…wZK jvOj ejv nq Kv‡K?  †Ku‡Pv  K¤úv¼ evo‡j k‡ãi ZxÿèZv-ev‡o
 cÖvYx †Kv‡li cvIqvi nvDm ejv nq Kv‡K?  gvB‡UvKwÛªqv  Kw¤úDUvi †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  nvIqvW© GBwKb
 cÖvYxi cÖRbb Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb wfUvwgb?  wfUvwgb-B  KqwU c×wZ‡Z Zvc cwienb nq?  3wU
 ‡cÖmvi KzKv‡i ivbœv ZvovZvwo nIqvi KviY wK?  D”P Pv‡c Zi‡j  Kvu`y‡b M¨vm Gi ivmvqwbK bvg wK?  Kiwcwµb
ùzUbvsK ev‡o  KvuP ‣Zwii cÖavb KvuPvgvj wK?  evwj
 ‡cÖvUb KwYKv Avwe®‥vi K‡ib †K?  iv`vi‡dvW©  K¨vÝvi‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi cÖv_wgK c`‡ÿc †KvbwU? 
 ‡cÖvwUb RvZxq Lv‡`¨i cÖavb KvR wK?  †`‡ni ÿq c~iY I e„w× B›Uvi‡dib cÖ‡qvM
mvab
 dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥j-G gvbe †`‡ni ¯^vfvweK DòZv KZ?  98.4 wWwMÖ  KzBbvBb cvIqv hvq †Kvb MvQ †_‡K?  wmb‡Kvbv
 dzjKvi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq †Kvb cÖvYx?  gvQ  ‡K cÖ_g †iveU Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  DBwjqvg †M IqvjUvi
 eskMwZ we`¨vi RbK †K?  †g‡Ûj  ‡K †g‡Û‡ji d¨v±‡ii bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb wRb?  †eUmb
 eskMwZi †f․Z wfwË †K?  †µv‡gv‡Rvg (1908 mv‡j)
 eU Mv‡Qi AvVvq †Kvb GbRvBg _v‡K?  dvBwmb, hv K…wg‡iv‡M  ‡Ku‡Pv wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ k¦vmKvh© Pvjvq?  Z¡‡Ki
e¨eüZ nq  ‡Kvb AavZz wer`yZ Acwievnx?  MÖvdvBU
 e¨v‡Oi ürwc‡Ûi cÖ‡Kvó KqwU?  3wU  ‡Kvb Dw™¢` Avwgl?  Wvj
 evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU RxešÍ Rxevk¥ Kv‡K e‡j?  ivR KvuKov|  ‡Kvb GbRvB‡gi Øviv KvUv wWGbG †Rvov †`qv nq? 
 ‡K¬vwbs KZ cÖKvi?  3 cÖKvi- wRb, †mj, Rxe †K¬vwbs jvB‡MR
 ÿvi jvj wjUgvm †ccvi‡K wK K‡i?  bxj  ‡Kvb MÖæ‡ci i³‡K me©Rb MÖnxZv e‡j?  Gwe MÖyc‡K
 Lv`¨ kw³ †ewk _v‡K †Kvb gv‡Q?  ïuUKx  ‡Kvb MÖæ‡ci i³‡K mve©Rbxb `vZv e‡j?  ÔIÕ MÖæc
 Lvevi je‡Yi ivmvqwbK bvg wK?  †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW  ‡Kvb Rš‧i PviwU cvK¯jx _v‡K?  Miæ
 MjMÛ †ivM nq wK‡mi Afv‡e?  Av‡qvwW‡bi Afv‡e  ‡Kvb RjR RxewU evZv‡m wbtk¦vm †bq?  ïïK
 M¨vjfvbvBwRs wK?  ‡jvnvi Dci `¯Ívi cÖ‡jc  ‡Kvb avZz me‡P‡q ÿqcÖvß nq?  Zvgv
 MÖx®§ Kv‡j †Kvb ai‡Yi Kvco cwiavb Kiv fv‡jv?  mv`v  ‡Kvb gw¯Í‡®‥ †h †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ `ªæZ w`‡Z cv‡i?  cyiæl
 Pvu‡` †Kv‡bv kã Ki‡j †kvbv hvq bv †Kb?  evZvm †bB e‡j  ‡Kvb gva¨‡g k‡ãi MwZ me‡P‡q †ewk?  KwVb gva¨‡g
 Pvu‡`i ey‡K AeZiY Kiv P›`ªhv‡bi bvg wK?  A¨v‡cv‡jv-11  ‡Kvb †g․wjK AavZz mvavib ZvcgvÎvq Zij _v‡K?  †eªvwgb
 Pvu‡`i ey‡K †K cÖ_g AeZiY K‡i?  bxjAvg©÷ªs I GWDBb Awìªb  ‡Kvb †g․wjK avZz mvaviY ZvcgvÎvq Zij _v‡K?  cvi`
 Pvu‡`i ey‡K cÖ_g gvbyl AeZj K‡i?  21 RyjvB, 1969 mv‡j  ‡Kvb is‡qi Kv‡c Pv ZvovZvwo VvÛv nq?  Kv‡jv
 Pv‡qi cvZvq †Kvb Dcv`vb _v‡K?  w_b  ‡Kvb ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx wWg cv‡o?  cøvwUcvm
 Pz¤^‡Ki AvKl©Y me‡P‡q †ewk †Kv_vq?  ‡giæ we›`y‡Z  ‡Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i cvigvYvweK msL¨v n‡jv  cigvYyi †cÖvUb
Rx‡bi ivmvqwbK MVb wK?  wWGbG
msL¨v

 Rxe AviGbG †Kv‡l Kq cÖKvi?  3 cÖKvi| rRNA, mRNA,
 ‡Kv‡li KvR wbqš¿Y K‡i †K?  wbDwK¬qvm
tRNA  K¨vjKzjvm †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  wbDUb
 bvBwUªK I nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW  ‡µv‡gv‡Rv‡g †Kvb †Kvb †g․wjK c`v_© _v‡K?  K¨vjwmqvg,
 GUg †evgv †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  A‡Uvn¨vb gvM‡bwmqvg, †j․n
 G›Uvwgevi msL¨vwaK¨ gvbe †`‡n wK m„wó nq?  Avgvkq  ‡µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †cÖvwUb Kq cÖKvi?  2 cÖKvi| (1) wn‡÷vb
I (2) bb-wn‡÷vb
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
(1b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)

 Z‡_¨i ÿz`ªZg GKK-‡WUv  Kw¤úDUv‡ii †Kvb eyw× we‡ePbv †bB|

 Kw¤úDUv‡ii †eªBb n‡jv = gvB‡µvcª‡mmi  Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv GKwU ÿwZKviK †cÖvMÖvg
 AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii RbK ejv nq = Pvj©m e¨v‡eR ev mdUIq¨vi|
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avwe®‥viK = nvIqvW© GBwKb  ‡gwKb‡Uvk Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exi me fvlv
 AvaywbK gy`ªY e¨e¯vq avZz wbwg©Z Aÿ‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨env‡ii cÖg my‡hvM Av‡m|
†kl nIqvi KviY = d‡Uv wj‡_vMÖvdx  Kg‡cø· Kw¤úDUv‡ii b·v •Zwi K‡ib = W.
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKj Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡i = †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms w÷weR
BDwbU  BDwb· Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g `yBkÕi AwaK KgvÛ
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii †K›`ªxq cªwµqvKiY Ask MwVZ Af¨šÍixY e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
¯§„wZ, MvwYwZK hyw³ Ask I wbqš¿Y As‡ki mgš^‡q|  ‡gwkb j¨v½y‡qR `yBwU ms‡KZ mgš^‡q MwVZ|
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii hš¿vsk ev hš¿‡K ejv nq = nvW©Iq¨vi  cÖvPxb e¨vwej‡b MYbvi c×wZ wQj 2 ai‡Yi|
 Kw¤úDUvi c×wZi `yÕwU cÖavb A½ = nvW©Iq¨vi I  ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj MYbvi †g․wjK Ask 16wU|
mdUIq¨vi  we‡k¦i cÖg I‡qe eªvDRvi = †gvRvBK
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mgm¨v mgvav‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úv`‡bi  cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR = di‡Uªvb|
Abyµ‡g mvRv‡bv wb‡`©kbvejx‡K ejv nq = †cÖvMÖvg  wjbv· Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi RbK = U¨v‡fjW
 Kw¤úDUvi fvBivm n‡jv GKwU ÿwZKviK †cÖvMÖvg ev wjbv·|
mdUIq¨vi|  c„w_exi cÖg ¯^qswµq MYbvi hš¿ = gvK© 1: hš¿wU
 B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g DbœZ wPwKrmv c×wZ‡K ejv nq = j¤^vq wQj 51 dzU •`N©¨
†Uwj‡gwWwmb  me‡P‡q `ªyZMwZm¤úbœ †Uc = g¨vM‡bwUK †Uc
 bvwdm web mvËvi = evsjv‡`kx mdUIq¨vi BwÄwbqvi  B›Uvi‡cÖUvi = Abyev`K ‡cÖvMÖvg
2007 mv‡j A¯‥vi cyi®‥vi AR©Y K‡ib|  evsjv‡`‡k AbjvBb B›Uvi‡bU †mev Pvjy nq = 4
 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mdUIq¨vi ej‡Z eySvq Gi †cÖvMÖvg ev Ryb, 1996 mv‡j
Kg©cwiKíbv †K․kj  we‡k¦i cÖg Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© &Avicv‡bi Pvjy
 ‡gwk‡bi fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K ejv nq = G‡m¤^wj nq, 1969 mv‡j|
 ‡cÖvMÖvg iPbv me‡P‡q KwVb †gwk‡bi fvlvq|  cybive„wËg~jK Kv‡R Kw¤úDUvi †ewk myweavRbK|
 wek¦e¨vcx wech©q m„wóKvix wmAvBGBP (‡Ps-Bqs-‡nv)  Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ cwien‡bi Rb¨ cwievnx
fvBivm 26 Gwcªj 1999 Zvwi‡L AvµgY K‡i| c_‡K ejv nq = evm
 Zviwenxb `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx =  DcvË MÖnY I wbM©gY ev‡mi bvg †WUv‡em|
IqvBg¨v·  IivKj= GKwU †WUv‡em mdUIq¨vi|
 VSAT cÖhyw³ f~-c„ô n‡Z m¨v‡UjvBU †hvMv‡hvM Kivi Rb¨  ‡WUv‡em mdUIq¨vi Gi Rb¥ZvwiL n‡jv GKwU
e¨envi Kiv nq| wdì|
 cÖg j¨vcUc Kw¤úDUvi = Gcmb, 1982  wkÿv_©xiv mn‡R AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i BASIC
 51. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i eZ©gvb cwiwPwZ B›Uvi‡bU ‡cÖvMÖvg|
Pvjy nq 1994 mv‡j|  System software _v‡K Startup disc G.
 cvIqvi A‡cj = GKwU Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g|
 cÖg Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvgvi = †jwW A¨vWv Amv÷v evqib  cÖg mdj Kw¤úDUvi evRv‡i Av‡m 1976 mv‡j|
(Kwe jW© A¨Wv evqi‡bi Kb¨v)  wWwRUvj K¨v‡givi RbK = w÷‡fb †R wm‡mvb
 g¨v‡·wgwWqv d¬vk = GKwU Gwb‡gkb mdUIq¨vi (hy³ivóª)
 ‡¯‥vwUqv = ivwkqvi A¨vevKvm  e¨vswKs Lv‡Z GwUGg c×wZi RbK = Rb †kdvW©
 m‡iveY© = Rvcv‡bi A¨vevKvm e¨vib|
 K¨vjKz‡jU‡ii m‡e©v”P ÿgZv †cÖvMÖvwgs Kiv|  Bqvûi RbK = †Rwi Bqvs (ZvBIqvb ) I †WwfW
 Kx †ev‡W© dvskbvj Kx 12wU| †d‡jv (hy³ivóª) 1995
  Kw¤úDUv‡ii myBP Ab Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ RAM Gi  ¸Mj Gi RbK = mv‡R©B weªb (hy³ivóª, 1998)
RvqMvi cwigvY cixÿv K‡i Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g|  ‡dmey‡Ki RbK = gvK© RyKvievM© (hy³ivóª,
 OK Ges Cancel A_ev Close ‡evZvg _v‡K 2004)
Dialogue Box-G  UzBUv‡ii RbK= R¨vK †Wvi‡mB (hy³ivóª, 2006)
 eY©wfwËK Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g DOS, UNIX  B-eyK Gi RbK = gvB‡Kj Gm nvU©
 Visual Basic-G `yB ai‡Yi aªæeK _v‡K|  B-‡gB‡ji RbK = hvqgÛ m¨vgy‡qj Ugwjbmb
 Visual Basic Gi †cÖv‡R± G e¨eüZ Object- (hy³ivóª)
Procedure.  DBwKwjK‡mi (myB‡Wb wfwËK) = Gi cÖwZôvZv-
 E-mail wVKvbvi †Wv‡gb bv‡gi me©‡kl Ask‡K ejv nq Rywjqvb G¨vmvÄ (A‡÷ªwjqv)
 K¤ú¨v± wW¯‥ (wmwW) Gi RbK = †bvwiI InMv
Top Level Domain (TLD)
(Rvcvb)
 LAN Ges LAN Topology-BUS, STAR, RING.
 Kw¤úDUvi gvD‡mi RbK = WMjvm G‡½jevU©
 Flash ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi wfwË Timeline.
(hy³ivóª)
 myBRvij¨v‡Ûi weÁvbxMY www e¨e¯vwU D™¢veb K‡ib
 AvaywbK j¨vcU‡ci RbK = wej †gMvwiR
1991 mv‡j|
 mvP© Bwćbi RbK = Gjvb GgUvR
 1993 mv‡j cÖ_g Avwe®‥…Z eªvBRv‡ii bvg †gvRvBK,
 Kw¤úDUvi wbg©vZv cÖwZôvb A¨vc‡ji cÖwZôvZv =
Avwe®‥viK= gvK© GwWmb
w÷f Rem (mvbd«vwÝm‡Kv, hy³ivóª)
 B›Uvi‡bU wjsK †_‡K wjs‡K Mgb Kiv‡K ejv nq jM Bb|
 cv Kv‡W©i D™¢veK = †Rv‡md g¨vix R¨vKzqvW©
 Dial up internet connection G †Uwj‡dvb jvBb
 jMvwi`g Gi D™¢veK = Rb †bwcqvi|
cÖ‡qvRb|
 ‡Uwj‡dvb Avwe®‥…Z nq Av‡jKRvÛvi MÖvnvg †ej
 me©cÖ_g d‡Uvkc e¨envi nq Apple Macintosh KZ…©K 1986 mv‡j|
Kw¤úDUv‡i|
 Zoom out....image ‡QvU Kiv|
 B›Uvi‡b‡Ui RbK = wf›Ub †MÖ Kvd©|
 Gray scale B‡gR‡K mv`v-Kv‡jv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
 gvB‡µvmdU Gi RbK = wej †MUm (1975)
Kiv hvq Threshold KgvÛ|
 Iqvì© IqvBW I‡qe (www ) Gi RbK = wUg evb©vWm
 evsjv‡`‡k B›Uvi‡bU †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb=
wj, (myBRvij¨vÛ, 1991)
cÖwkKv‡bU, MÖvgxY mvBevi †bU, evsjv‡`k
 ‡gvevBj †dv‡bi RbK= gvwU©b Kzcvi (hy³ivóª, 1973)
AbjvBb|

wewfbœ weåvwšÍKi cÖ‡kœi mwVK DIi

১. + -
= +
২. + -
= +
৩. +
= +
৪. আ
=
৫. + -
=আ +
৬. + -
= +
৭. + -
= +
৮. আ =১৭
৯. +আ -
= আ +
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১২. -
- ( )
- ( )
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- ( + )
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১৫. -
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১৬. -
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- ( ঠ )
১৭. -
- ১৭ এ , ১৯৭১
- ১০ এ , ১৯৭১ ( ঠ )
১৮. -
- (BRRI- )
- (IRRI- আ )
১৯. -৪ /৫ ?
-৪ (১৬১০, ১৬৬০, ১৯০৫, ১৯৪৭)
-১ (১৯৭১) ৫
২০. ৩ /৪ ?
→৪ ( , , ? ও !)
২১. ১৫ /১৭ ?
→ ১৫ ( - ২০১৮)
২২. --এ
- ( ঠ )
২৩. - / ?
→ ,আ
২৪.
১১/১২
→ ১২
২৫ ৪৫/৪৮/৫০ ?
→ ৫০
২৬. আ ? / ?
→
২৭. ও এ ৫২/৫৩/৫৪ ?
→ ৫৪
২৮. এ ২৭/২৮ ?
→ ২৭
২৯. ' ' / ?
→ ( আ )
৩০. UNESCO ১৯৮৪/১৯৮৫?
→১৯৮৫ ( আ ২০০৩ )
৩১. /ও / ?
→
৩২. এ / ?
→
৩৩. এ ?
→ ৯ , ৭
৩৪. - / ?
→ : , :
৩৫. আ আ / ?
→
৩৬. ( ) - / /
?→
৩৭. ?
→EU ( )
→WTO ( )
৩৮. .এ এ - ঠ / ?
→ ঠ ( ১৯৫০ )
৩৯. ' , আ '- -
/ - ?
→ - ( ," - আ এ
- !")
৪০. ১৬ /১৯ ?
- ১৬ ( : )
৪১. - USA/China ?
- USA (GDP ), China (PPP )
৪২. / ?
→ ( )
৪৩. - / ?
→ ( )
৪৪. CPU - Register/ Memory
- Register (Register,CPU এ এ ,
CPU এ ও )
৪৫. Control unit -performs mathematical
operations/performs logical operations/directs the movement of electrical ?
- Performs logical operations
( এ )
৪৬. আ - /আ ?
-আ ( ১০০ ৪৪৫ . )
- ( ১০০ ২০০ . )
৪৭. আ এআ - এ / এ ?
: এ
৪৮. আ -৮ . /৯ . ?
:৮ ( )
৪৯. -
/ ?
:
: : আ এ আ
এ এ ও ও এ
এ - , এ এ
আ এ ১৩০-৩৫০ এ
আ ১-২ এ
এ ও ঠ
আ আ আ এ -
আ আ
আ ১৯৫৮ এ
১৯৬৩ ১৯৭৮ এ
১৯৮১- এ
:এ আ , এ ,এ ও

৫০. ৪০/৪৩ ?
- ৪৩ ( ১৯৪২ ৪৩ )
৫১. আ - ১৫ /২০ ?
- ১৫ ( আ ২০ )
৫২. ১১ /১২ ?
- ১২
৫৩. - ৬৮ / ৬৯ ?
- ৬৯ ( ৬৮
আ (২০১০) ১৯৭৫
আ ২০১০
৫৪. ২৫ এ ,২০১৫ - ৭.৮/৭.৯ ?
- ৭ .৮ ( ৭.৯ ও ৭.৮ আ )