Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.

COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU

1. PLAY: CARVALHO
Contents: -K P Poorna Chandra Tejaswi
1. Play: Carvahlo
"Carvalho," a novella written by the renowned Kannada writer
2. Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats K.P. Poorna Chandra Tejaswi, revolves around the life of an
3. Ecology by A K Ramanujan educated farmer facing failures and contemplating leaving
4. TED TALKS -1: "Solutions to Food and Ecological Crisis agriculture. During his struggles, he meets Carvalho, a scientist.
Facing Us Today" -Vandana Shiva Initially, they discuss agricultural issues, but as their friendship
5. Ted Talk -2: It Is Not a Solution If It Is Not Affordable grows, the narrator assists Carvalho in his research on a peculiar
(Health) -Devi Prasad Shetty creature, the flying lizard. The setting of the novel is in Mudigere,
6. GRAMMAR: Pecha-Kucha presentation Chikmagalur District. Tejaswi, the author, was a multi-talented
7. Business writing individual with an interest in photography, publishing, painting,
8. Travel Writing nature, and environmentalism.
9. Article Writing Characters: Carvalho, Narrator, Pyara, Marriage Mandanna,
10. E-Correspondence and Content Writing: Emails, Memos, Lakshmana, Biriyani Kariyappa, Norvey Ramanna, Kiwi,
Handbooks, Press release Photographer Prabhakar, Yenkta, Lawyer Gonsalves
11. Professional Letter Writing, SUMMARY:
12. Blog Writing, The story starts with the narrator visiting the Mudigere Bee
13. Writing on Twitter Keepers' Cooperative Society to buy honey for his sick father on
14. Writing on Instagram the advice of an Ayurvedic doctor. There, he meets Mandanna
15. Question Paper Pattern and Lakshmana, a temporary staff, who offer him a full tin of
16. Model Question Paper honey for 78 rupees because of abundant honey production
caused by the flowering of gurugi trees. The narrator agrees and
pays the rest later.
On his way back, his jeep runs out of fuel, but he gets help from
two motorcyclists and safely reaches home with the honey. At
home, Pyara, a kitchen assistant, mistakes the honey for coconut
oil but is convinced after tasting it. The narrator shares his initial
fear of bees because of a past incident, but his opinion changes
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
after learning more about honey bees. 4. Why did the narrator want to buy honey?
Mandanna seeks the narrator's help to draft an application for a An Ayurvedic doctor advised his father to take a spoonful of
beekeeping job, and the narrator learns that Mandanna is the honey every day to cure his illness.
disciple of Carvalho, a scientist researching a rare flying lizard. 5. What did the staff at Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society think
The narrator agrees to help Mandanna, and they plan to get the of the narrator?
job during a minister's visit. They thought he had come to sell honey.
Mandanna later disappears, but the narrator discovers he is 6. Where did the narrator meet Mandanna for the first time?
getting married. However, trouble arises when Mandanna is Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society
arrested for possessing an earthen pot that the police mistake 7. Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in ..........
for illegal liquor-making equipment. The narrator, along with Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in the Mudigere Bee
Carvalho and Prabhakar, a photographer, supported Mandanna Cooperative Society.
during the legal proceedings.
8. Where were Lakshmana and Mandanna working?
Carvalho reveals his interest in the flying lizard and organizes an Mudigere Bee Keepers’ Society.
expedition to search for it. They enter the forest with Kariyappa,
a skilled man, and Yenkta, a snake catcher. They eventually spot 9. Mandanna asked the narrator to buy.............. honey.
the elusive flying lizard, capture its movements on camera, and Mandanna asked the narrator to buy Gutti honey/ tin of honey.
Carvalho submits his research to scientific agencies. 10.How much did the bottle/tin full of honey cost?
Two Marks questions Seventy-eight rupees

1. Where is the novella set? 11. How much money did the narrator possess when he visited
Mudigere the Mudigere Beekeepers' Society?
He had seventy rupees.
2. Why did the narrator go to the Mudigere Bee Keepers'
Society? 12. The pot honey which was given to the narrator was
Buy honey extracted from …… place
Gutti
3. Whom did the narrator meet at Moodigere Bee-keepers'
Cooperative society? 13. The narrator bought the best honey from the ......... area.
The narrator went to Moodigere Bee-keeper's Cooperative The narrator bought the best honey from the Gutti area.
Society and there he met Mandanna. 14. The honey was whitish fluid very much like..............
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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
The honey was whitish very much like coconut oil. 21. Why did the bees attack the people gathered at the
15. How was the tin full of honey made available at only function?
seventy-eight rupees? The bees were provoked by Mandanna's drum sounds.
The tin full of honey was made available at seventy-eight rupees 22. Who is Pyara? What was he doing in the narrator's house?
due to the unique blooming of gurugi trees in Malenadu once Pyara is a Muslim boy, working as a kitchen assistant in the
every eight years, which resulted in a significant increase in narrator's house.
honey production. The unexpected surplus of honey was a result
of heavy rains during that year, leading to a lower price for 23. What did Pyara see in an overturned earthen pot?
consumers. Bees had built their hives in the pot.
16. Why did the jeep stop and who helped the narrator? 24. Why was Pyara put on remand?
On the return journey from the bee shop, the engine of the He was remanded on the accusation of picking pockets.
narrator's jeep made a few peculiar noises and eventually came 25. Who is Carvalho?
to a halt. Fortunately, two men on Jawa motorbikes came to the Carvalho was a scientist, (entomologist)
narrator's aid and assisted in bringing a can of petrol.
26. Where was Carvalho working?
17. Why did Mandanna visit the narrator's house at Moodigere? Paddy Research Centre, Mudigere
Mandanna visited the narrator in Moodigere to seek help in
27. How did Mandanna look up to Carvalho?
filling out an application requesting the minister to appoint him
Mandanna was Carvalho's disciple. Mandanna considers him his
as the beekeeper of the society.
Guru.
18. To whom did Mandanna plan to submit the application? 28. Who was Carvalho's disciple?
The minister, who was also the chairman of khadi. Mandanna
19. Who gave the guard of honour to the minister? 29. Why does the narrator go to Carvalho's office?
Mandanna and team
The narrator, facing losses because of a peculiar pest infestation
20. What happened when Mandanna and his scout friends blew in his paddy fields, sought to discuss the issue with Carvalho at
their bugles and beat drums? his Research Center.
Mandanna and his scout friends caused a commotion with
30. The first farmer to visit Carvalho's office was ………
bugles and drums, disturbing the humble bees, and leading to
Narrator
chaos as the bees stung various people causing them to run in
fear. 31. Who is Kiwi?
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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Kiwi is the narrator's white Spaniel dog. 40. Who arranged Mandanna's marriage finally?
32. What do the narrator and Pyara notice when they go in Carvalho, narrator and Prabhakar.
search of Kiwi? 41. Who is the father-in-law of Mandanna? Why did he refuse
An earthen pot to give his daughter in marriage to Mandanna?
33. How was Kiwi lying on the floor? Norvey Ramaiah is Mandanna's father-in-law, but he refuses to
let his daughter marry Mandanna because he doesn't have a
Kiwi was lying on the floor, making strange painful sounds, permanent job, which worries Mandanna.
possibly because of an infection caused by a big piece of bone
with rotten flesh that they had hidden to chew at leisure, which 42. Who took the initiative at Mandanna's wedding?
emitted a foul smell resembling that of a cow or an ox bone. Lakshmana.

34. What does the narrator think of the earthen pot? 43. In Mandanna's marriage........... acted as the father of the
The narrator thinks that it was being used to prepare liquor. bridegroom.
Lakshmana
35. What was there inside the pot?
Honey bees 44. What made the quarrelling crowd calm at the wedding?
Prabhakara's photo flash.
36. Why was Mandanna upset in his life?
He was upset, as Norvey Ramaiah was reluctant to give his 45. Why did the police arrest Mandanna?
daughter Raami to him in marriage. During a police raid at Norvey Ramaiah’s house, they suspected
37. Why was Ramaiah reluctant to get her daughter married to illicit distillation and seized Mandanna's honey pot, claiming it
Mandanna? contained country-liquor, leading to his arrest on charges of
Because Mandanna was jobless. trafficking in illicit liquor.

38. Who is Prabhakar? 46. Who gave bail to Mandanna?

Prabhakar, a radio mechanic from Chikmagaluru, is a student of Narrator bails out Mandanna.
Carvalho and is assisting him in his research as a photographer, 47. Whom does Carvalho appoint to deal with Mandanna's
enlarging slides, films, and more. He has established a laboratory case?
within the Research Centre premises. Cyril Gonsalves.
39. Where was Prabhakara working before he set up his studio 48. Who Cyril Gonsalves?
in Mudigere? Famous advocate in Chikmagaluru.
He was working as a radio mechanic in Chikmagalur.
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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
49. What was the only way to win the case, according to Cyril Biriyani Kariyappa .......... is known for his ............ as well
Gonsalves? as…….. skills.
Carvalho's intervention into the case as a witness. Biryani Kariyappa is known for his cooking skills as well as tree
50. Why did Carvalho show a special interest in Mandanna's climbing skills.
case? 57. Where did they have their camp on the first day?
Mandanna's presence was essential in Carvalho's research. Mahamalekanu.
51. What did Mandanna find in the forests of Norvey? OR. 58. Who was Yenkta?
On which animal did Carvalho start his research? OR. Yenkta was a snake catcher.
Which animal was declared extinct in the novella? OR. 59. Yenkta .......... has come for................ in the jungle.
In the novella "Carvalho," which species is officially declared
extinct? the snake catcher, hunting
A rare bird, the flying lizard. 60. What was the reason behind Mandanna and Yenkata's
52. Did Carvalho and his team members catch the flying lizard quarrel?
alive? Magical snake stone
The team was unable to catch the flying lizard, but they 61. Where do Mau-Mau bees exist?
witnessed it. Fortunately, Kariyappa managed to grab it by its South Africa
tail.
62. Name the bee which attacks without provocation in South
53. Who found the flying lizard in the forests of Norvey? Africa.
Mandanna
Mau Mau bee
54. Carvalho shows the narrator the glow worms, which catch
63. What does Mandanna bring in a big gunny bag to the
.......... and ........... them.
narrator’s house?
The bees, swallow Mandanna brought pork in a gunny bag to the narrator's house.
55. Which scientific agencies had extended financial support to 64. Where does the narrator and his team find the flying lizard
Carvalho to continue the research on flying lizards? in the end?
Smithsonian Society, British Geological Institute and Geological In the forests of Norvey.
society.
65. Where was the skin of the dead flying lizard kept, according
56. What was Biriyani Kariyappa known for? OR to Carvalho?
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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
British Geological Museum to catch them for their skin. When tribal people find snakes in
66. Who was the Romanian scientist helping Carvalho in his their homes or farms, they call him, and he catches the snakes
research? using a special musical instrument called a pungi. The narrator
Zekosky also asks him to come to his farm to catch snakes. Once,
Yenkta gave Mandanna a magical snake stone, which
II. Answer the following questions in a page each. Mandanna used to help Bidurumale Manjamma when she got
1. Write short notes on bitten by a scorpion.

a. Kariappa Yenkta is not only a snake catcher but also a hunter. He

b. Yenkta collects the skins of mongooses, otters, and snakes to sell
c. Lakshmana them. The otter's skin can fetch him a hundred rupees, while
d. Mandanna a snake's skin can get him thirteen rupees. This money helps
e. Pyara him buy things like new clothes. Yenkta is also a taxidermist
f. Kiwi and sells stuffed foxes and mongooses. He joined the
expedition when Kariappa was racing with the flying lizard
a. Kariappa: In the novella, there's a fascinating character and is also looking for a cow that had run away.
named Biriyani Kariappa who is famous for making delicious
biriyani. He used to cook for events like weddings in Mudigere. c. Lakshmana: Lakshmana and Mandanna work together at a
When he joined Carvalho's scientific expedition, he place called Moodigere Bee-Keepers Co-Operative Society
showcased his talents in climbing trees, catching fish, and where they sell honey. When Mandanna was getting married,
hunting birds and animals. While others were focused on he asked Lakshmana to act as his father and handle everything
finding the flying lizard, he was more interested in catching during the wedding. Lakshmana is a very kind person and even
different creatures along the way. He caught wild hens, went around collecting money for Mandanna's wedding. He
rabbits, wild sheep and even tried to catch a monitor lizard, also asked the narrator for help. However, he's tired of
thinking it might be the flying lizard they were searching for. dealing with the demands of Ramaiah, who is Mandanna's
Eventually, he successfully climbed tall trees to catch the father-in-law. It seems that during his wedding, Lakshmana
flying lizard, but unfortunately, it slipped away from his grip. made the bride's family emotional and deeply respectful
Despite this, Kariappa's presence in Carvalho's research was towards him.
remarkable because of his unique skills and contributions. d. Mandanna: Mandanna is a beekeeper who is also a skilled
b. Yenkta: In the novella, there's a fascinating person named naturalist. He works at Mudigere Bee Keepers' Society and is
Yenkta who is skilled at catching snakes. He goes to the forest a student of Carvalho, a renowned scientist. In his life,
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 6 of 31
Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
emotional and financial issues are connected. A man named Mandanna can marry four times. Pyara assists in packing the
Norvey Ramaiah refuses to let his daughter marry Mandanna bee box and even joins the narrator's jungle expedition.
because he doesn't have a stable job. Mandanna becomes
upset when Carvalho doesn't offer him a job as an attender. f. Kiwi: In the novella "Carvalho" by Poorna Chandra Tejaswi,
With the efforts of Carvalho, Prabhakar, and the narrator, non-human beings also play a captivating role. The narrator's
Mandanna's marriage to Raami is arranged. However, shortly dog, Kiwi, is a smart white Spaniel and the narrator's best
after the wedding, Mandanna gets into trouble with the police companion. Kiwi is not only intelligent but also acts as a
for allegedly making illegal liquor. Thankfully, due to guardian for the narrator's house and farm. He faithfully
humanitarian reasons, he is released on bail with the accompanies the narrator during his hunting expeditions. One
narrator's help. day, while the narrator is engaged in a discussion with a land
agent, he learns that Kiwi is trapped in the forest. Worried, the
Despite being seen as a vagabond by locals, Carvalho views narrator rushes to the forest and finds Kiwi barking at an
Mandanna as a born naturalist with extraordinary earthen pot full of bees.
observational skills. Mandanna's emotional and economic
struggles are intertwined, and his marriage plays a significant Later in the story, when Carvalho and his team venture into
role in his job prospects. Carvalho eventually appreciates the forest in search of the flying lizard, Kiwi proves to be a
Mandanna's abilities and relies on him during their helpful member of the expedition. His remarkable sense of
adventurous journey in search of a rare bird in the Sahyadri smell aids the team in their quest. Throughout the novella, the
Mountain range. Although they didn't find the bird they were presence of non-human beings, especially Kiwi the dog, adds
looking for, Carvalho was grateful for the assistance of an an intriguing dimension to the narrative. Tejaswi's skilful
illiterate person like Mandanna. depiction of Kiwi's behaviour through photography and
microscopic observation enhances the story's appeal.
e. Pyara: Pyara is a young Muslim boy who works as a kitchen
assistant in the narrator's house. He sought refuge there 2. Narrate how the bees attacked when the minister addressed
because his parents didn't let him come back home after he the public at Mudigere.
got arrested for pickpocketing. Despite his difficult situation, Mandanna wanted to give his job application to the minister in
Pyara remains helpful and supportive. He helps the narrator person. When he found out that the minister's speech would be
search for his missing dog, Kiwi, in the forest. However, at a big open ground in Moodigere on 15th August, he decided
there's a small confusion when Pyara mistakes a tin of honey to go there with his scout group. They had drums, bugles, and
for coconut oil. Pyara also teases Mandanna after his cymbals. During the flag ceremony, Mandanna and his friends
marriage, joking that if he becomes Mandanna's cart man, played their instruments very loudly. This caused a lot of noise

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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
that disturbed the bees at the Taluk Office, making them angry. they claimed contained country-liquor. The constable stated that
Chaos broke out, and the whole program got disrupted. The Mandanna, while on his honeymoon at his father-in-law's house,
minister got hurt and had to go to the hospital in Mudigere for was engaged in making country liquor and had stored it in the
treatment. Because of this, Mandanna couldn't submit his job honey-pot. Mandanna eventually confessed to the accusation.
application to the minister as he wanted to. As a result, the police arrested him and placed him in a lock-up.
3. The narrator's paddy field was plagued by a strange variety Subsequently, a case was filed, and the court issued summons
of insects. Did Carvalho solve this problem? for him to appear. If found guilty, Mandanna could face a fine of
Rs. 600 and be sentenced to one year in jail.
The narrator purchased a piece of land in Mudigere and started
farming, converting some of it into paddy fields. However, he 5. Write a note on Prabhakara's role in finding the flying lizard.
encountered a major problem when strange insects attacked his Prabhakara's role in the novella "Carvalho" is truly impressive. He
paddy field. Despite spending a significant amount on pesticides, was a photographer and assisted Carvalho in his research.
they proved ineffective in getting rid of pests. The villagers Before starting his studio in Mudigere, he worked as a radio
believed the infestation was caused by an evil spirit. Before mechanic in Chikmagaluru. During field trips with Carvalho to
succumbing to superstitions, the narrator sought advice from study insects, Prabhakara would take photos of insects and
Carvalho. Carvalho listened to the description and identified the enlarge them for detailed study. When they went on an
pests as armyworms. These worms hide in the paddy plant stems expedition to find the flying lizard, Prabhakara came well-
and go underwater when pesticides are used. Carvalho advised prepared with all his cameras, lenses, binoculars, and other
draining the water to bring the armyworms out. The narrator necessary tools. When they finally spotted the flying lizard in the
followed the advice, and it worked. The armyworms emerged tall trees, Prabhakara quickly took out his camera and captured
and were dealt with, finally resolving the issue. On another photos and videos of its movements. His contribution was vital
occasion, the narrator discussed the pests eating his paddy crop in helping Carvalho with his research by documenting important
with Carvalho. Carvalho's prediction was right, and the solution visuals of the flying lizard and other insects.
worked, but unfortunately, the pests had already damaged over During the jungle expedition with Carvalho and others,
half of the crop. Prabhakara demonstrated his skills using a chromometer and
4. Describe Mandanna's role in illicit brewing. compass to determine directions. He also received praise for his
In the novella "Carvalho," Mandanna finds himself involved in culinary abilities. When they spotted the flying lizard, Prabhakara
illicit brewing. The police conducted a raid at Norvey Ramiah's used binoculars with tele-lens to take photos. He then switched
house, suspecting illegal distillation activities. During the raid, to the movie camera and skilfully captured the lizard's
they discovered a honey-pot belonging to Mandanna, which movements as it blended with the tree bark. Prabhakara's
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 8 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
expertise played a significant role in the discovery of the flying with Gonsalves and explained the case in detail. During the court
lizard. proceedings, the public prosecutor argued that the pot seized by
6. Discuss the relationship between the narrator and his dog the police contained materials for making liquor. However,
Kiwi. Gonsalves cleverly questioned if the original content in the pot
could have been honey, to which the prosecutor agreed it was a
In the novella "Carvalho," the relationship between the narrator possibility. Gonsalves then argued that making liquor from
and his dog, Kiwi, is heartwarming and significant. Kiwi, a clever honey, which was expensive, didn't make financial sense when
white Spaniel, is the narrator's best friend and loyal companion. liquor could be produced much cheaper. His logic convinced the
He diligently guards the narrator's house and farm and court that Mandanna was innocent of the charges. With
accompanies him on hunting trips. When Kiwi gets trapped in the Carvalho also testifying as a witness and Gonsalves' convincing
forest while the narrator is occupied with a land agent, the defense, Mandanna was acquitted from the case, securing his
narrator rushes to rescue him. They share a strong bond, and release from jail and clearing his name.
Kiwi's presence brings comfort and joy to the narrator.
8. Who is Yenkta? Why did he come to the jungle?
During Carvalho's expedition to find flying lizards, Kiwi proves to
be a valuable companion, utilizing his extraordinary sense of Yenkta, the snake catcher, has arrived in the jungle for hunting.
smell to assist the team. However, when Kiwi gets injured, the He seeks to collect the skins of mongoose, otters, and snakes, as
narrator prioritizes his well-being, rushing him to the hospital. they can fetch him good money. Yenkta explains that snake-
Despite feeling nostalgic and losing interest in the expedition at catching and selling medicines does not yield enough income. He
times, Kiwi remains a steadfast link to the narrator's memories values an otter skin at a hundred rupees and a snake skin at
and cherished moments. Throughout the novella, Poorna thirteen rupees, which could help him afford new clothes and
Chandra Tejaswi portrays the special connection between the other items. Besides being a snake catcher, Yenkta is also a sort
narrator and Kiwi, showcasing the importance of their friendship of taxidermist, selling stuffed foxes and mongooses.
and the role Kiwi plays in the narrator's life. During his time in the jungle, Yenkta is on a mission to find a cow
7. How did the lawyer release Mandanna from the illicit that has run away. Additionally, he joined the expedition with
brewing case? Kariappa and others, including Carvalho, in their quest to find the
flying lizard. Yenkta's expertise as a snake catcher is well-known
After Mandanna was arrested for the illicit brewing case, the among the tribal people, who call upon him whenever snakes are
narrator came to his aid by providing bail. In the meantime, found in houses or farms. The narrator often invites him to catch
Carvalho intervened and appointed a skilled criminal lawyer snakes on his farm. Moreover, Yenkta generously provides
named Cyril Gonsalves to represent Mandanna. The narrator met Mandanna with a magical snake stone to treat a scorpion bite
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
suffered by Bidurumale Manjamma. Yenkta's character adds an narrator initially feels disappointed by its white appearance, but
intriguing dimension to the novella, contributing to the overall he learns that it is of good quality. He meets Carvalho, an
richness of the narrative. esteemed botanist and entomologist who is also Mandanna's
9. Write briefly about the role of Carvalho. guru.

Carvalho, the main character in the novella, is a renowned Facing pest-related losses in his paddy fields, the narrator seeks
scientist working at the Paddy Research Centre. As a famous Carvalho's advice and requests a job for Mandanna. The narrator
entomologist, he focuses on the rare flying lizard and receives also supports Mandanna during his legal troubles for illicit
support from various institutions for his research. Carvalho brewing, standing surety to bail him out. When Carvalho
serves as a mentor to Mandanna, praising his natural talent for embarks on an expedition to find a rare, believed-to-be-extinct
keen observation of nature. Despite his fame, Carvalho remains lizard, the narrator joins him along with Mandanna, a
kind-hearted and willingly helps the narrator with his paddy field cameraman, and a cook.
pest problems. When Mandanna faces trouble in an illicit Throughout the novella, the narrator's presence is significant as
brewing case, Carvalho appoints a lawyer to represent him. he discovers the flying lizard and witnesses its pursuit. From the
Carvalho values Mandanna's discoveries, including the glow- beginning to the end, the narrator's involvement weaves the
worm findings. threads of the story together. His interactions with Carvalho and
Driven by his passion to find the extinct flying lizard, Carvalho Mandanna, along with his compassion and support, make him an
assembles a team, which includes the narrator, Mandanna, a integral part of the narrative.
camera man, and a cook. Although they didn't find the lizard, III Answer the following questions in 2-3 pages each. Each
they discovered a rare bird in the Sahyadri Mountain range, question carries 10 marks.
thanks to Mandanna's contributions. Carvalho's dedication to 1. The flying lizard plays a significant role in the novella
scientific truth and curiosity is ultimately fulfilled through these Carvalho. Substantiate.
experiences.
In the novella "Carvalho," the flying lizard plays a significant role,
10. The narrator plays an important role in the novella weaving together various aspects of the story. The novella
Carvalho. Discuss. delves into the interconnectedness of man, society, beliefs,
In the novella "Carvalho," the narrator, Poorna Chandra Tejaswi, superstitions, and the natural and man-made environment. The
plays a vital role. He starts his journey by visiting the Moodigere narrator, gifted with keen observation and a sense of humour,
Bee-Keepers Cooperative Society, where Mandanna and meets Mandanna, a seemingly simple bee-keeper who is
Lakshmana work. While buying honey from the Gutti area, the admired by the great botanist and entomologist, Carvalho, for

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 10 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
his innate understanding of nature. In the beginning of the novella "Carvalho," the narrator visits the
Mandanna faces personal struggles, wanting to marry Raami Moodigere Bee-Keeper's Co-operative Society on a rainy day. His
despite not having a proper job. The wedding day turns chaotic purpose is to buy honey for his father, following the advice of an
due to the consumption of illicit liquor, resulting in Mandanna's Ayurvedic physician. Carrying seventy rupees for the purchase,
arrest. The narrator stands surety for him, leading to legal he encounters two young men, Lakshmana and Mandanna, who
complications alongside the pest problems in his paddy crop. work as beekeepers at the society. Mandanna educates the
Carvalho needs Mandanna's expertise in understanding various narrator about the difference between bottled and potted
insects, and to save him from the legal clutches, they enter the honey, with potted honey being hand-extracted and more
world of lawyers, law courts, police brutality, caste, and political affordable. Opting for potted honey, the narrator notices
rivalry. kerosene tins in the room, but Mandanna assures him that it is
pure honey and that the Co-operative Society is trustworthy.
However, the narrative takes a twist with the revelation of the
flying lizard in the deep forests of Norway. Carvalho sees it as a Mandanna provides the narrator with the finest honey from the
link to ancient periods before pre-history, an extraordinary Gutti area, priced at seventy-eight rupees per tin. However, the
creature capable of unique movements despite lacking wings. narrator falls short of the required amount, promising to pay the
The story unfolds further as they venture into the forest with remaining eight rupees the next day. This initial encounter with
compasses, tele lenses, and movie cameras in search of the flying Mandanna and Lakshmana establishes the setting for the novella
lizard. The novella embraces multiple dimensions, blending and highlights the narrator's interest in honey and its
scientific and spiritual elements. significance in his life. The scene paints a vivid picture of the rainy
day visit to the Bee-Keeper's Co-operative Society, bringing the
Carvalho's portrayal of various worlds, from the dream world to characters of Mandanna and Lakshmana into focus. The theme
the world of science and mystery, creates an intriguing narrative. of honey's importance emerges early on, foreshadowing its
The characters Kiwi, the narrator's Golden Spaniel, and Biriyani relevance in the narrator's journey and the overall narrative.
Kariappa, a skilled tree climber, connect the story to the world
of vegetation. Through the flying lizard and the different 3. Describe the circumstances in how Mandanna got married.
characters, "Carvalho" explores the complexities of life and Mandanna, an orphan and a beekeeper, longs to marry Raami,
nature, intertwining humour, science, and spirituality in a the daughter of Norvey Ramaiah. However, Ramaiah rejects the
compelling tale. proposal because Mandanna is jobless, leaving him
2. Narrate the first encounter between the narrator and disappointed. One day, the narrator meets Mandanna and learns
Mandanna and Lakshmana. of his unhappiness and dissatisfaction with Carvalho, his guru,
who refused to offer him a peon job.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 11 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
The narrator, along with Prabhakara, a photographer and adorned with glass beads and carrying paper and cork club.
Carvalho's assistant, helps Mandanna. They persuaded Ramaiah Women gracefully balanced pots and plates on their heads.
to reconsider the marriage. Carvalho, too, supports Mandanna, Prabhakara, armed with his camera and new flash equipment,
believing he deserves a better position because of his captured the precious moments of the wedding. Despite his
exceptional naturalist abilities. Finally, Mandanna's marriage is nervousness, Mandanna posed for pictures, and as the liquor
arranged, and Lakshmana takes on the responsibility of making flowed, some minor fights broke out among the guests. The
it a success. wedding rituals were meticulously carried out, culminating in
Throughout the novella, Carvalho recognizes Mandanna's true Mandanna tying the tali (a sacred thread) around the bride's
talents, describing him as an extraordinary natural scientist with neck, symbolizing their marriage.
exceptional observation skills. Despite facing emotional and Once the camera clicks ceased, people gathered to admire the
financial challenges, Mandanna's marriage is made possible captured memories. The novella vividly portrays the lively and
through the combined efforts of Carvalho, the narrator, and eventful atmosphere surrounding the wedding, underscoring
Prabhakara. The story explores Mandanna's struggles and the cultural significance of such celebrations in the community.
highlights the importance of support from Carvalho and the
narrator in helping him find happiness in his personal life. 4. The role of Carvalho in the novella is unique. Discuss.
Wedding scene: In the novella "Carvalho," the character Carvalho plays a unique
and crucial role. He is a renowned scientist with an international
As Mandanna's wedding day approached, he entrusted his friend reputation, and the story unfolds in the hilly land of mid-
Lakshmana to handle all the arrangements as his father would Karnataka. When the narrator visits the Bee-Keepers Co-
have done. Lakshmana gladly took on the responsibility but Operative Society, he encounters Mandanna, considered a
faced financial challenges as Mandanna's money ran out. He wanderer by the locals. However, Carvalho sees Mandanna
sought help from others to manage the wedding preparations, differently, recognizing him as a born naturalist and an
which left him exhausted. During this time, there were extraordinary scientist.
discussions about the rituals, and Lakshmana questioned why
Mandanna's caste had more rituals compared to the Brahmins. Mandanna faces emotional and financial challenges, including
difficulties in getting married due to his lack of employment.
Villagers were eagerly expecting the wedding, and notable Seeking help, the narrator approaches Carvalho, who, instead of
figures like Carvalho and Prabhakara were also present to directly providing a job, convinces Norvey Ramaiah to arrange
witness the ceremony. On the wedding day, a vibrant procession Mandanna's marriage. With Carvalho's intervention,
was formed, with Lakshmana leading the way, adorned in Mandanna's wedding took place successfully. Subsequently,
traditional attire. Mandanna followed suit, wearing a turban
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Mandanna gets into legal trouble for illicit brewing, but the Truth Beauty."
narrator stands surety and aids him in resolving the issue. When The poet sees the urn as an eternal piece of art, crafted from
Mandanna faces a court summons, Carvalho appoints a criminal stone and immune to the effects of time. He imagines that the
lawyer, leading to their victory in the case. The plot takes an music heard by the spirits on the urn is more melodious than
adventurous turn when Carvalho becomes fascinated with what humans can experience. The images of the youth playing a
finding a mysterious flying lizard, believed to be extinct. pipe and the lover chasing his beloved will forever remain fixed
Together with the narrator, Mandanna, and others, they embark in their actions, their love and beauty preserved throughout
on a forest expedition to locate the creature. Although they eternity.
don't capture the lizard, the experience satisfies their scientific
curiosity. Another scene on the urn showcases a sacrificial procession led
by a priest with a decorated cow. The surrounding crowd seems
Throughout the novella, other characters, such as a cook, a to belong to a perpetually empty town, captured in a timeless
snake-catcher, and the narrator's dog Kiwi, contribute to the freeze on the urn. The poet finds the urn utterly captivating,
narrative. Bees also play an intriguing role, connecting different transporting him to a world of imagination. He believes that
events and characters in the story. Carvalho's multifaceted even after the present generation passes, the urn will continue
personality as a philosopher, scientist, and photographer to teach the profound lesson that beauty and truth are
enriches the narrative. The novella explores the intertwined—a truth that humanity needs to grasp. The poem
interconnectedness of nature, humanity, and the mysteries of concludes with the conviction that the urn's message of
the world, prompting readers to reflect on their place in the enduring beauty and truth will guide future generations through
natural order. The story offers a fascinating exploration of unknown trials and sufferings.
scientific curiosity and human relationships, making Carvalho's
role truly unique and different. Answer the following questions in a page:
1. Discuss the development of the theme of transience and
Chapter 2: LISTENING SKILLS: Poems
permanence as discussed in the poem 'Ode on the Grecian Urn'.
1. Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats
In John Keats' poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn," the poet explores
SUMMARY: "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats is a poem that the difference between things that last forever and the
celebrates an ancient Greek urn adorned with beautiful images. temporary nature of human life. The poem praises the timeless
The poet directly addresses the urn in five stanzas, describing the beauty of an ancient Greek urn that remains unchanged over
scenes depicted on it. One scene portrays a lover in pursuit of his time. On the urn, there are images frozen in the moment, like a
beloved, while another shows villagers engaged in a sacrificial youth playing the pipe and a lover chasing a maiden. These
ritual. The overarching message of the poem is "Beauty is Truth,
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 13 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
scenes show how art can preserve moments forever, but they nothing more. The things we consider beautiful in this world, like
also remind us that human desires and feelings are fleeting and flowers, may not possess true beauty as they are perishable.
don't last forever. The urn also depicts a joyous sacrificial Even works of art, though they appear everlasting, will
procession, frozen in celebration, symbolizing the happiness eventually perish. Hence, only the eternal truth remains the true
captured in art. beauty, while everything else may change and fade away.
Keats admires the enduring quality of art, but he also recognizes Therefore, it is essential to focus more on the core beauty, which
that it lacks the depth and real emotions found in human life. He is truth, rather than external appearance.
reflects on the idea that "Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty," 2. Ecology by A K Ramanujan
suggesting that art's beauty holds a profound truth that goes
SUMMARY: The poem "Ecology," authored by A K Ramanujan,
beyond the passing moments of human existence.
portrays the speaker's deep affection for his mother, who suffers
Overall, the poem highlights the contrast between the from severe migraine attacks due to the Red Champak flower's
everlasting beauty of art on the urn and the temporary nature of pollen fragrance. The scent spreads everywhere, making it
human experiences. It celebrates how art can preserve moments impossible for the house's doors and windows to keep it out. In
of beauty and truth for all time while acknowledging that human an attempt to relieve his mother's suffering, the speaker
life is transient and ever-changing. considers cutting down the tree. However, she stops him,
2. What does Keats mean by "Beauty is Truth, Truth is beauty"? appreciating the tree's positive aspects. It was planted by
chance and is considered a good omen, providing abundant
The philosophical statement "Beauty is Truth, Truth is beauty" flowers for offerings to gods and future generations, despite
conveys that true beauty lies in permanence, and the ultimate causing migraines to some family members.
beauty in the world is found in truth, which never fades away.
Everything else, though seemingly beautiful, loses its charm as it Through the poem, Ramanujan focuses on the theme of family,
is perishable. This idea is found in John Keats' poem "Ode on a with irony evident in the mother's attachment to the tree
Grecian Urn," where he observes two pictures on the urn's sides. despite her pain. Each stanza presents different ideas that flow
One side depicts young lovers and musicians, while the other together casually. The title "Ecology" is not used conventionally,
side shows pious people making a sacrifice at a green altar. Keats but it conveys the notion that a tree may have both positive and
concludes the poem with the urn's message to humanity: negative aspects, suggesting it need not be removed. The
"Beauty is Truth, Truth is Beauty. That is all you know on earth, central theme revolves around the complexities of familial bonds
and all you need to know." and emotional attachments, depicting the speaker's struggle to
balance his desire to help his mother with her sentimental
Keats emphasizes that real beauty is synonymous with truth and connection to the tree. Ramanujan's poetic craftsmanship
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
shines through in his ability to weave various emotions and attachment to nature and the environment.
themes into a single, sentence-like structure. 2. Why did A.K. Ramanujan's mother not allow the Champak
Answer the following questions in a page: trees to be cut?
1. How does A.K. Ramanujan explain his mother's love for the A.K. Ramanujan's mother did not allow the Champak trees to be
Champak tree? cut because of her sentimental attachment and the tree's
The poem explores the theme of a mother's love for the significance. In the poem "Ecology," from Ramanujan's the
Champak tree. The poet's mother has a deep affection for these narrator, who deeply cares for his mother, used to visit home
trees, which have been a part of their family's tradition, with great concern after the first rain of the monsoon. This was
providing flower baskets for offerings to their Gods for as long because the blooming red Champak tree near their ancestral
as she can remember. However, her daughters trim down the place caused severe allergy to his mother due to its suffocating
flowers as the fragrance triggers her migraines. Upon hearing smell. The fragrance spread everywhere, and even the walls of
this, the mother passionately complains about her children. their house couldn't keep it out.

Interestingly, the poet's mother unknowingly becomes a fervent In an attempt to protect his mother from the allergy and pain,
advocate for nature and trees through her love for them. The the narrator decided to cut down the tree. However, his mother
poem portrays the poet as an educated modern individual who stopped him and revealed that the tree was as old as her. She
may neglect nature, while his mother's love for the trees shared an interesting fact about the tree's birth, explaining that
demonstrates a profound connection to the environment. it grew from the droppings of a passing bird, which is considered
a very auspicious sign in that region.
The Red Champak tree's blossoms cause his mother headaches,
and neither the breeze nor their dwelling can protect her from Despite causing migraines to his mother, the Champak tree
the pollen. In an attempt to alleviate her suffering, the poet produced numerous basketfuls of flowers every year, used for
prunes the tree, but the mother stops him. She sees the tree's offering to gods and the daughters and granddaughters.
positive side, explaining that it symbolizes her rage but also Surprisingly, this legacy of migraines affected one line of cousins
provides flowers for worshipping Gods and adorning girls, in the family. Thus, due to the tree's age, its significance as a
despite its potential to cause headaches. good omen, and its continued contributions to their religious
practices, the mother did not allow it to be cut down.
The poem highlights the poet's family-centred perspective,
showcasing his mother's love for the tree, which leads her to 3. Examine the appropriateness of the title 'Ecology' for the
prevent its removal. It emphasizes the poet's great concern and poem.
love for his mother, while she, in turn, exhibits a deep emotional The title "Ecology" is indeed appropriate for the poem as it
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 15 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
probes into the intricate relationship between humans and the ecology. She emphasizes the wisdom of women in preserving
cluster of Red Champak trees. The poem beautifully portrays the vital resources like water, food, and air.
blooming of the trees after a long dry spell, symbolizing the Shiva criticizes the harmful effects of the green revolution in the
celebration of nature's beauty. However, the poem also 1960s and 70s, which led to the conversion of agricultural land
acknowledges the unintended consequences of this beauty, as into residential and industrial areas. The introduction of chemical
the pollen from the flowers can cause migraine allergies in some fertilizers and pesticides harmed the soil's life and benefited
people, highlighting an aberration in the rules of ecology. capitalists and industrialists, not farmers. She points out that
Despite this, the bond between humans and the Red Champak hunger and poverty persist despite the green revolution's
trees remains strong, particularly in tropical countries where promises.
people passionately adorn themselves with the flowers in their Shiva highlights the destruction of biodiversity, with modern
hair, drawn in by their coloured petals and bewitching fragrance. diets relying on only a few commodities instead of the many
The poem captures this irresistible connection between humans crops people used to eat. She emphasizes that eating is not just
and flowers, emphasizing both its glorious and potentially an act of sustenance but also an ecological, ethical, and political
harmful aspects. choice. Supporting ecosystems, diversity, and farmers can lead
While "Ecology" is a scientific term, and the poem primarily deals to positive changes for the planet and its people. She urges
with human emotions and their relationship with nature, the title people to make conscious choices in their eating habits and think
is still fitting and justified. It portrays the interplay of ecological holistically to protect the environment and promote overall well-
factors and human emotions, making it an apt and accurate being.
representation of the themes explored in the poem. Ted Talk -2: It Is Not a Solution If It Is Not
3. TED TALKS Affordable (Health)
TED TALK -1: "Solutions To Food and Ecological Crisis -Devi Prasad Shetty
Facing Us Today" Dr. Devi Prasad Shetty is an Indian entrepreneur and cardiac
-Vandana Shiva
surgeon, known as the chairman and founder of Narayana
Vandana Shiva delivered a TED talk titled "Solutions to Food and Health, a chain of 21 medical centres in India. He has performed
Ecological Crisis Facing Us Today." She is an environmentalist over 16,000 heart operations and received prestigious awards
and ecologist born in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Her interest in like the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan for his contributions to
ecology began during her school days, and she volunteered for affordable healthcare. In his work, Dr. Shetty faces the challenge
the Chipko Movement. In her speech, she shares her experiences of putting a price on human life, particularly in cases of cardiac
from the Chipko movement, discussing capitalist patriarchy and surgery. Many patients, including young children, come to him
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 16 of 31
Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
for treatment, and their families often struggle to afford the Japanese, is a popular social event and a novel way for
necessary medical procedures. companies and educators to help employees and students
To address the healthcare funding issue, Dr. Shetty implemented sharpen public speaking and promote connectivity.
the "Yashaswini" scheme, convincing farmers to contribute a Origins of Pecha Kucha
small amount monthly, which allowed thousands to receive The origins of Pecha Kucha begin in Tokyo, Japan, where
necessary surgeries. He emphasized the importance of family architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham created the format in
involvement in patient care and developed a curriculum to train 2003. They wanted a creative way to bring together fellow
spouses as caregivers to ensure continuity of care when patients architects, exchange ideas, and showcase their work in concise,
return home. Dr. Shetty believes that the health sector can drive short-format design presentations that first got-together paved
the economy in the 21st century and advocates for women's the way for regular events called Pecha Kucha Nights (PKN). The
empowerment through job creation, as women tend to presentation format took root in Europe the following year, and
prioritize their families' welfare. by 2019, more than 1,000 cities worldwide offered PKN events to
He envisions India becoming a country where healthcare is not more than three million people.
determined by affluence and credits the nation's vast pool of The success of Pecha Kucha led to the development of a
medical professionals and FDA-approved drug manufacturing presentation style called Ignite in 2006. It offers a Pecha Kucha-
units for its potential in delivering exceptional healthcare. style presentation format with the same number of slides but
Overall, Dr. Shetty highlights the significance of affordable with a slight wrinkle: Speakers only have fifteen seconds before
healthcare, family participation, and empowering women to the next slide advances. Pecha Kucha: An Innovative Method of
build a stronger society and a prosperous nation. Presentation Pecha Kucha is an innovative method that makes
GRAMMAR: Chapter – 3: SPEAKING SKILLS slide shows, or PowerPoint presentations, more effective.
Presentations are often drawn out and dull, and the average
1. Pecha-Kucha presentation person's attention span is short.
What is Pecha Kucha? The Pecha Kucha presentation is a unique, short presentation
Pecha Kucha also wrote "Pecha Kucha is a presentation format with a fixed duration. The presentation contains 20 slides, each
that requires a speaker to deliver twenty seconds of of which is shown for 20 seconds. The entire presentation has a
commentary per slide for twenty consecutive, automatically length of exactly 6 minutes and 40 seconds. Presenters have no
advancing slides. The total presentation time for a Pecha Kucha control over this and must strictly adhere to the time frame. This
presentation is six minutes and forty seconds. Pecha Kucha, ensures that an audience can take in all key information. The
which means "the sound of conversation" or "chit-chat" in presentation script has to be aligned exactly with the slides
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 17 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
shown. Pecha Kucha also written as "Pecha Kucha"-is a presentation
Exercise: format that requires a speaker to deliver twenty seconds of
commentary per slide for twenty consecutives, automatically
1. Explain the steps of preparing a Pecha Kucha presentation. advancing slides. The total presentation time for a Pecha Kucha
STEP 1: Divide your presentation into a beginning, middle, and presentation is six minutes and forty seconds. Pecha Kucha,
end. In the Pecha Kucha presentation, the speaker has to plan which means "the sound of conversation" or "chit-chat" in
well for his talk. The twenty slides have to be divided into three Japanese, is a popular social event and a novel way for
parts to convey what he wishes to convey. Time should be companies and educators to help employees and students
allotted to the beginning, middle, and ending parts of the sharpen public speaking skills and promote connectivity:
presentation.
Origins of Pecha Kucha
STEP 2 : Storytelling and Pecha-Kucha go hand in hand. The
slides of the Pecha-Kucha presentation should run as the speaker The origins of Pecha Kucha begin in Tokyo, Japan, where
does his narration. This should happen naturally. architects Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham created the format in
2003. They wanted a creative way to bring together fellow
STEP 3: Focus on the core message. The speaker in the Pecha- architects, exchange ideas, and showcase their work in concise,
Kucha presentation should focus on the core message of his talk. short-format design presentations. That first get-together paved
He should not beat around the bush. He should have clarity in the way for regular events called Pecha Kucha Nights (PKN). The
conveying his message. presentation format took root in Europe the following year, and
STEP 4: Find images that follow your storyline. This kind of by 2019, over 1,000 cities worldwide offered PKN events to over
presentation requires more pictures. The pictures have to be three million people.
opted appropriately. Sometimes pictures talk more than words. 3. Bring out the relevance of Pecha Kucha in today's
STEP 5: Pictures can be found everywhere. The speaker can put presentation skills.
the pictures anywhere on the slides. Speaking skill is one skill that needs special techniques and
STEP 6 : Practice your presentation. Before presenting any topic, strategies because of some complexities happening during the
practice is much needed. Practice makes the speaker perfect and learning process. It is because speaking skill development is not
confident. And the presentation goes on systematically when simply a matter of learning language aspects, yet it is an ongoing
there is enough practice. process. There are various techniques to develop speaking skills,
and one of them is the Pecha Kucha presentation technique.
2. What is meant by Pecha Kucha Presentation? Describe its
Pecha Kucha, which means "the sound of conversation" in
origin.
Japanese, was conceived by Tokyo architects Astrid Klein and
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Mark Dytham, who were seeking a way to encourage student on World Science Day, November 10th. Our science teacher, Miss
presenters to use PowerPoint in a more organized and succinct Durga Singh, introduced us to various temples and architecture
manner. from the Vijayanagar empire. Hampi's fine art and historical
significance were explained, as it was included in UNESCO's
WRITING SKILLS
World Heritage Site inscription in 1986.
2. Business writing The tour began at 7 am as we boarded a bus and reached Hampi
Business writing is a type of writing that is used in a professional in 2.5 hours. During the journey, we researched the place for easy
setting. It is a purposeful piece of writing that conveys relevant recognition. After sightseeing and learning from local people
information to the reader in a clear, concise, and effective and tourist guides, we took a break for lunch at 1 pm. Later, we
manner. This includes client proposals, reports, memos, emails, visited an amusement park where we enjoyed water rides and
and notices. Proficiency in business writing is a critical aspect of had fun. At 5 pm, we returned to school, where our parents
effective communication in the workplace. Business writing eagerly awaited us. We expressed our gratitude to the principal
refers to written communications conducted with colleagues, and school staff for organizing such an amazing tour.
supervisors, clients and other business stakeholders. The The educational trip provided us with insights into our rich
content and purpose of these communications can vary based culture and the mastery of artists from the past. We learned
on the category of business writing. about the history of Hampi, its significance, and the rulers who
3. What is travel writing? once thrived there. It was an enriching experience that not only
expanded our knowledge but also strengthened the bond
Travel writing, by definition, is writing that describes places the among students. Such educational tours are valuable for every
author has visited and the experiences they had while travelling. school, as they offer a chance to explore various areas of interest
Travel writing introduces us to new places, people and ideas. and connect engagingly and enjoyably.
Truly great travel writing can transport us; give us a glimpse of
Example-2
far-flung places and provide inspiration or escapism. I like to
think that travel writing, much like travel itself, can open our Travelogue on one of the places I visited.
minds to different cultures and possible ways of living, fostering In September, my college organized an educational tour to
more empathy for others and curiosity about the world around Bangalore, Mysore, and Coorg. Excited and eager, I joined my
us. Share an example of your travel to a tourist place. friends for my first trip with them. The journey began with a train
Example-1 ride, observing interesting and sometimes unpleasant sights
along the way. In Bangalore, known as "The Garden City," we
Our college organized an educational tour to Hampi, Karnataka,
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 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
enjoyed our stay and explored the beautiful city. Next, we people's views and bring about meaningful change.
headed to Coorg, a serene place resembling Ooty's climate and Types of Articles Writing
environment. The scenic road to the abbey falls was rugged yet
beautiful, surrounded by lush trees and cloud-covered There are various types of article writing. This is writing. a
mountaintops. Seeing the falls for the first time filled me with newspaper article, writing a magazine article, SEO article writing,
joy. online article writing, freelance article writing, and many more.
Some of the articles, like online article writing, and freelance
After Coorg, we visited Mysore, where the majestic Mysore article writing, can be descriptive, or narrative that depends
Palace left me in awe. In the evening, we were mesmerized by upon the writer and the client for whom the writer works.
Brindavan Gardens' illuminated fountains, botanical park, and
vibrant boating experiences. Although the colourful waterfalls Step-by-Step Guide to Article Writing
were crowded, the music-synced water show delighted Step 1: Find your target audience
everyone. Later, we enjoyed a lively night at a hotel with a fire Step 2: Select a topic and an attractive heading
camp and dancing. On our way back, the moon's reflection on Step 3: Research is the Key
the river surrounded by apartments and companies created a Step 4: Write and Proofread
breathtaking view. Step 5: Add Images and Infographics Samples of Article Writing
Throughout the trip, I cherished the beautiful memories and the Example 1. Article Writing on Covid-19:
joyous moments spent with friends. The tour allowed me to
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of human
explore new places, enjoy nature's beauty, and experience the
life, particularly the education sector. Classes were abruptly
magic of being together on an unforgettable journey.
shifted from offline to online, causing confusion among
4. Article Writing students, especially those preparing to enter college. Many
students even opted for a gap year, hoping for an improvement
Article writing is a form of writing intended to reach a large
in the situation. Although schools and colleges have reopened
audience through publication in newspapers, magazines,
due to widespread vaccination efforts, several challenges
journals, and similar platforms. Crafting a newspaper or
persist. Upon college reopening, the priority should be to
magazine article is a challenging task, demanding extensive
educate students about COVID-19, its transmission, and
research and strong writing abilities. The primary purpose of
protective measures. It is crucial to familiarize students with the
such articles is to inform the public about specific topics and
safety rules that will be enforced in the college classroom.
influence their perspectives. Writers aim to make a positive
However, explaining these guidelines to young and innocent
impact on the world by using article writing as a means to change
minds can be challenging.
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Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
To reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19, students and college Given the significant increase in vehicles on the roads, road
faculty must strictly adhere to certain rules. Carrying hand safety has become more critical than ever. Following traffic rules
sanitisers at all times is a must. Instead of sneezing into their and laws is essential to protect ourselves and our families from
hands, students should use their elbows or a tissue/handkerchief road accidents. A collective effort from everyone can help
to cover their sneezes. It is essential to remind students not to reduce the number of accidents and create safer roads for all.
frequently touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, as these are Exercise:
common routes for the virus to enter the body. By diligently • An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away.
following these basic safety rules, the spread of the virus can be • Where there is a will, there is a way
controlled, enabling schools and colleges to continue their • Time and Tide wait for none
operations safely. Proper education and compliance with • Indian Education System
guidelines are crucial to creating a safe learning environment • Disaster Management
during these challenging times. • Save fuel for a better environment
Example-2 : Awareness of Driving and Road Safety Rules
E-Correspondence and Content Writing
The rising number of road accidents involving children aged 12 Emails:
to 15 due to careless driving is alarming and heart-wrenching.
Lack of awareness is the underlying cause of this issue, and it is Email is a common form of transactional business writing, widely
crucial to take proactive measures to address it. Conducting used by professionals in various industries. It enables instant
intensive awareness campaigns and workshops aimed at communication between the sender and recipient through the
sensitizing school children about driving laws and road safety internet. Professionals often use email to convey information,
rules can be an effective approach. Such programs have been request action, or provide updates. For instance, a supervisor
shown to stimulate both thought and action. might email an employee to gather research on a new product,
while a project team may send an email to the client with
Realizing the significance of following driving laws and traffic progress updates on their project. Email serves as a quick and
rules is essential to bring about behavioural changes in efficient means of communication in the business world.
schoolchildren. As the target age group is teenagers, who can be
stubborn and sensitive, handling them with care is crucial during Memos:
these campaigns. The awareness initiative should focus on A business memo serves as an instructional form of business
informing children about the legal age for driving, the writing, providing a concise and less formal way to communicate
permissible speed limits, and the importance of wearing helmets information within an organization. Companies primarily use
and other major road safety rules. memos for mass communication rather than personal messages.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 21 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
For instance, the human resources department might send a explain the different types of business writing, provide common
memo to employees about changes in company procedures or examples and offer tips to improve your skills.
policies, while a manager could inform internal stakeholders
Examples-1
about the launch of a new product.
Memos typically focus on one purpose and are designed to be Memo
quickly read. Though less formal than reports or business letters, Meeting regarding the expansion of work hours. This is to inform
they still maintain appropriate language for the workplace. all the staff at Bright Tech Pvt. Ltd that the work hours from 01-
Similar to other types of business writing, memos include an 06-2023 will be from 9 AM to 6 PM. All employees are requested
introduction, body paragraph, conclusion, and the sender's to co-operate with the changes.
contact information.
Press release
Handbooks
Mr. Raj Chowdary has been appointed as the new CEO of
A handbook or manual is a form of instructional business writing. Mindtech Pvt. Ltd. Peenya, Bengaluru, On 25th January 2023, the
Specifically, the employee handbook serves as a guide to help M D of Mindtech Pvt Ltd. announced the new CEO of the
employees understand and adhere to company policies and company. Mr Raj Chowadray was a professor at IIT Bombay from
procedures. In some cases, employees may receive manuals that 2011 to 2018. He has a lot of challenges before him.
offer step-by-step instructions for performing their job or
E-Mail Writing
completing certain tasks. Depending on the company's size, the
business owner or the human resources department is usually Email Writing: Email stands for electronic mail. It is the easiest
responsible for drafting this document. Legal terms and and cheapest way of communication. It is used formally. Semi-
conditions may also be included, and in such cases, a lawyer formal and an informal way of expression or writing.
might be consulted to assist in drafting the language. Emails are of three types:
Career Guide: Semi-Formal email
Professionals use various examples of business writing to Formal email
communicate with their coworkers, employees, and clients. The Informal email
intended purpose of these business communications can affect Email Writing Format
their format or content. When you understand the different
The email writing format is the same for each of the categories.
business writing, you can use that knowledge to communicate
Though the choice of words and language differs depending
more effectively and engage your readers. In this article, we
upon the type of email. One can use friendly and casual language
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 22 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
in informal emails. The language used in formal emails should be a) Sending quotation email Dear [customer name]
professional, clear, and formal.
We'd like to thank you for sending in your inquiry on [date]
Elements of Mail Writing regarding a quotation for auditing your website. Based on an
From initial estimation, we are happy to offer you a quote based on
TO your request. Please find the official pricing quote attached to
Cc this email. Note that this quotation includes a list of services],
Bec but should you want additional services, we'd be happy to
Subject discuss it further with you and provide another quotation. Please
Greetings/Salutation get back to us with questions about the quotation or our
Main body services.
Closing Yours sincerely.
Attachments [Your name and job title]
Signature Line
b) Email to schedule a meeting
Sample E-Mails
Hi [name].
Thank you for the job interview Dear Sir,
Thanks for getting in touch with us about our product. I'd be glad
I enjoyed speaking with you the other day at the interview for to set up a meeting to give you more information, answer your
the post of assistant accountant. The job appears to be an ideal questions, and show you how it can work for your business. Does
match for my skills, ambitions, and interests. The innovative [date] at [time] work for you?
approach to corporate culture within the world confirms my
wish to work at your firm. I will bring my engineering skills, I look forward to meeting with you soon!
assertiveness, and ability to engage others to work Best,
cooperatively within the department. Thank you for taking the [Your name]
time to interview me for the post of assistant accountant at
EXERCISE:
[company]. I have a high level of interest in working for your firm
and look forward to hearing from you. 1. Draft a mail to enquire about Summer Camp Courses.
Best Regards, Dear Sir/Madam,
[name] Your advertisement regarding the SUMMER CAMP COURSES
appeals to me. Kindly send the detailed information. I want to
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 23 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
pursue some courses this summer. Communication Skills[training's purpose) on 10 May 2023 at
Regards, 10:00 am. The training will take place in the seminar hall This
Mahesh training is mandatory for employees to attend. It will enhance
your communication and interpersonal skills. Please respond to
2. You have ordered a branded watch online and received a this email by 1"May 2023 with information regarding your
damaged watch. Draft an email to the service provider. attendance at the event.
Hi Regards,
I ordered a Sonata watch on 1" April 2023 and received it on 10 Suresh
April 2023. After opening the box, I found that the watch was not 5. In response to an advertisement, you would like to apply for
functioning. I feel so disappointed because I planned to gift it to the position of Assistant Accountant. Apply by sending an
my brother on his birthday. I request you to replace it. The email.
invoice number sonata 12/23
Subject: Application for Assistant Accountant Dear Sir/Madam
Regards
Mahesh I am M.Com with a finance specialization. I have 4 years of work
experience at various levels. I have also done a CS course. Your
3. You want to apply for 10 days leave. Draft an email to your advertisement on Naukari com appeals to me to apply for the
boss. position of Assistant Account.
Subject Application of leave for 10 days. For further details, I have attached my updated CV.
I wish to apply for 10 working days leave from the 15th of August Looking forward to your reply.
2023 till the end of the month (15th-30th August 2023) as I am
going on a family vacation, I would like to have your approval on Regards,
my leave of 10 days. All my responsibilities and outstanding work Hareesh Gowda
will be taken care of by me before I leave. Looking forward to a Professional Letter Writing
positive reply at the earliest!
Sample 1
4. Draft an email to HR about the forthcoming training
programmes you want to conduct for your team. Appreciation Letter for Contribution to Project

Subject: Training scheduled on 10 May 2023 Dear [Name]. Sudhir Kumar

XYZ Colony, 22nd Street
I would like to invite you to attend a training session for Bangalore - 29
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 24 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
8 June 2020 future as well. The way you deal with problems and resolve them
Dear Mr. Sudhir, is a matter of appreciation. Also, your team works with great
effort and it's your best quality. We would also like to
Subject: Appreciation letter for Contribution to Project. recommend your service to other organizations.
We would like to thank you for your outstanding contribution to Thank you.
the XYZ project. You worked hard and made us proud of this
achievement. You have been a great leader and your coworkers Sample 3
appreciate you for your creative work. With your dedication, we Appreciation letter for Hard Work.
are achieving great success and output for our company, which
Sohail Gupta
has resulted in increasing our clients as well. We would be glad if
Deloitte LLP. Mind Space, Hi-Tech city,
you could contribute more in the future and help us grow. We
Mumbai
also expect you to grow more and be successful in the future.
10 November 2022
Thanking you.
Dear Sohail Gupta,
Mr Roy
Head of Department I would like to thank you for your performance on the Blue
Fusion project. Your dedication and your hard work on the
Sample 2
project to make it successful are commendable. We could finish
Appreciation Letter for Good Service the project within the deadline (January 18, 2023) despite the
Sudhir, XYZ Colony, challenges faced. As a gesture of appreciation, you are given a
22nd Street salary increment which will reflect in your appraisal cycle and
Bangalore-29 also paid holiday for a week. You may avail the leave at your
convenience. The human resources department will
28th June 2020 communicate and will assist you in availing your paid leave.
Dear Sudhir, Thank you again for your hard work and extra time on the project
Blue Fusion. We expect your continued support for future
Subject: Appreciation letter for good service
projects.
We would like to thank you for your great time. The issue that I
Best wishes and regards,
had with your company has been successfully resolved with no
inconvenience. Customer support was also very good. It was a Yours Sincerely.
good experience with you and I hope to work with you in the Nisha Naik.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 25 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Congratulation letter Gandhi Nagar. New Delhi-110010
Example on starting a new job role. November 01, 2021
Neha Dear Saurav,
No. 46, 6th Cross Gandhi Nagar, Subject: Congratulations on getting the business project
New Delhi- 110010
Congratulations on doing such an excellent job and developing a
November 01, 2021 great software development program for your internal team. I
Dear Neha, am sure this project would change our organization’s work
environment and approach towards software and programmes.
Subject-Congratulations on starting a new job role
This business project is well-thought-out, and it is going to help
1 recently heard that you got a new job role as a quality analyst customers access e-commerce websites with much more ease. I
at XYZ Company. I am writing to express my heartiest could not have imagined it any other way the hard work you put
congratulations on the same. I am so happy for you. I have seen into this project for over a year now. From approval to design
you work hard in your last job, and I know how relentlessly you and implementation, you have been patient through it all, and it
have been preparing yourself for your current job role. You sat has paid off despite the challenges. I am super proud of your
for various exams and attend online skills training courses to achievement. I wish you splendid success in all your future
sharpen your skills. Only a committed individual like yourself can endeavours.
go through all these challenges and still come out stronger. I am
Kind regards.
sure you will get more such opportunities in the future where
Gaurav
you can use your talent and potential to rise and excel in
whatever it is you do. I am confident that splendid success and Exercises:
meaningful opportunities are waiting for you. Once again, 1. Write a Congratulate letter to your boss who has won the
congratulations on your new job role. I am proud of your best project of the year award.
professional success. 2. Write a Congratulate letter to your brother for getting a
Sincerely, promotion to manager post.
Jaya 3. Write a Congratulate letter to your friend who has won the
best teacher award.
Example of securing a business project
4. Write a Congratulate letter to your mom for opening a new
Saurav parlour.
No. 46, 6th Cross
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 26 of 31
Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
3. Promotion Letter Vijayanagar, Bangalore -40
Sample 1: Promotion Letter 21 January 2023
Surya Investments Pvt. Ltd. No. 4, Dear Surya,
Vijayanagar, Subject: Promotion to General Manager
Bangalore -40
We are pleased and honoured to inform you that you have been
21 January 2023 promoted to General Manager in our company. We congratulate
Ramprakash you on your achievement. With this promotion, you will be
No. 21, TCS Layout, Domlur assigned new roles and responsibilities, which you need to
Bangalore -45 adhere to. Take care of almost all the departments, especially
Dear Ramprakash, sales projects and finance. With your passion for your job and
hard work and dedication, you have been appointed to this
Subject: Promotion as an Assistant Secretary
position. We expect the same dedication from you in the future.
I have the pleasure to inform you that you have been promoted The details of the salary structure and compensation benefits
to Assistant Secretary of our company. You are required to take will be given to you in an official letter. For any clarification, you
charge of the new assignment on 15th May 2023. Please accept can reach the HR department. Congratulations once again and
my hearty congratulations on your promotion. Your salary scale all the very best.
in the promoted cadre will be Tk. 76,000 and from May 15th, your
Yours Sincerely,
basic salary will be fixed at Tk. 32,000 on the said scale. You will
HR
be entitled to all other allowances as applicable to the staff-II of
Himami Marketing Pvt. Ltd.
the company. Other service conditions remain unchanged.
Please acknowledge receipt of this letter. SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT WRITING
Yours, 1. BLOG WRITING
HR
What is a blog?
Surya Investments Pvt. Ltd
The term "weblog" was shortened to "blog" in 1999, by
Sample 4: Promotion letter format for General Manager programmer Peter Merholz. A blog (a shortened version of
Surya "weblog") is an online journal or informational website
Himami Marketing Pvt. Ltd. No. 4, displaying information in reverse chronological order, with the

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 27 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
latest posts appearing first at the top. It is a platform where a • Start with a strong title.
writer or a group of writers share their views on an individual • Make your blog post skimmable
subject. • It is very important to understand your topic.
Who is the blogger? • Add strong visuals.
• Start with a question or a unique sentence that attracts the
A blogger is a person who runs and controls a blog. He or she audience to read more.
shares his or her opinion and knowledge on different topics with • Gather all the information about that topic. Write about the
a target audience. importance of the topic and why you are writing on this
What is blog writing? particular topic.
• Engage the audience and ask for their opinions at the end.
Blogging refers to writing, photography, and other media that
While writing about this topic, you can start with an attractive
are self-published online. Blogging started as an opportunity for
phrase or a sentence.
individuals to write diary-style entries, but it has since been
• Write about the positive and negative aspects you noticed
incorporated into websites for many businesses. They can be
• Conclude your blog
used for anything that involves communicating or publishing
information on the World Wide Web. Common uses include SAMPLE: 1
teaching, educational and corporate use. Your blog can be a Travel Blog
personal diary, a project collaboration tool, a guide, or any
means of communicating and publishing information on the Family Vacation Ideas: Our picks for multi-generational trips let
web. us help you create lifelong memories with your loved ones on the
trip of a lifetime. The past year has been challenging for families.
Types of blogs: People have been separated, and time that could have otherwise
• Travel blogs been spent having quality time has instead been spent locked
• Political Blogs down and isolated at home. But now that the worst of the
• Personal blogs pandemic seems to be over, it's time to reconnect, clean the
• Corporate and organizational blogs slate and form positive and happy memories that will linger far
• Health and fitness blogs longer than those of these difficult few months. There is truly no
• Lifestyle blogs better way to do this than a good old-fashioned family vacation.
• Fashion and beauty blogs. Photography blogs But where can you go as a family that will appeal to everyone
regardless of their age or interests? It turns out that planning the
How to write a blog?
logistics and activities for a diverse group can be time-
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 28 of 31
 Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
consuming. Let our experts show you family vacation ideas that only benefit their families and communities but also pave the
truly live up to the adage, "fun for the whole family. Start Making way for a better future for the next generation. Despite
Memories" progress, discrimination against women remains widespread,
Exercises: encompassing various forms of inequality.

Write a blog in a proper format on the following topics: The Historical Struggle: Throughout history, women have faced
inequality and mistreatment, pushing them to question their
1. Title: Corona: India's Journey in the Face of the Pandemic status and demand equality. Women from all corners of the
India is a diverse nation with 28 states and 8 Union Territories, world have been persistent in their efforts to empower
stands united in the fight against COVID-19. As the deadly virus themselves and achieve gender equality.
emerged, each State and UT followed the directives of the Importance of Women's Empowerment: Empowering women is
central government, showcasing the strength of our unity. not just an end in itself; it is vital for sustainable development.
India's densely populated geography posed a significant Women's full participation in all aspects of life, including shared
challenge in containing the virus, but the nation fared relatively responsibilities for childcare and household maintenance, is
well compared to many countries. The first confirmed case was essential. However, women often receive less formal education
reported in Kerala on January 30, 2020, where the state's and their capabilities go unrecognized, hindering their progress.
preparedness from the Nipah outbreak proved beneficial.
Education as a Tool for Empowerment: Education plays a crucial
During February, the seriousness of the pandemic was role in empowering women by providing them with knowledge,
overlooked, and COVID-19 silently spread across the country. In skills, and confidence to participate actively in development.
March, the transmission escalated, with cases linked to people Despite global efforts to expand basic education, millions of
returning from affected countries. India's response to the women, especially in developing regions, remain illiterate and
pandemic, guided by the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897, lack access to opportunities for personal growth and adaptation
exemplifies the coordination between the Central Government, to societal changes.
State governments, and political parties for the well-being of
citizens. Despite the challenges ahead, India stands resilient in Conclusion: Women's empowerment is a collective
the face of this unprecedented global cry. responsibility, and promoting gender equality is crucial for
achieving sustainable development. Empowering women not
2. Title: Women Empowerment: A Path to Progress and Equality only benefits them but also strengthens families, communities,
Introduction: Gender equality is a fundamental human right, and and societies as a whole. To create a more inclusive and
empowering women plays a crucial role in advancing prosperous world, we must continue to support and empower
development and reducing poverty. Empowered women not women in every sphere of life.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 29 of 31
Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
3. Writing on Twitter unique, and no two people can have the same handle.
How to write content for Twitter? Re-tweet (RT): When you like a tweet by someone else, you can
click on the retweet button and share it with your followers, along
Writing content for Twitter is a skill that can be improved with
with your opinion. This is called a retweet.
practice and the right guidance. Each social media platform
requires different types of content. Twitter has a character limit, Mention: Tagging a person in your tweet is called a mention.
so you need to be clever with your words. Here are some tips for People use the handle of different individuals to tag them along or
writing content on Twitter: to reply to their tweets.
Understand how people talk on Twitter, 3. Writing on Instagram
Decide what you want to tweet about,
Use data to support your points, How to write captions for Instagram marketing posts?
Engage your audience involved, Writing captions for Instagram marketing posts is crucial for
use images and videos in your tweets. capturing audience attention and engagement. While the visual
By following these tips, you can make your tweets more quality of the photos plays a significant role in gaining followers,
interesting and engaging. the task doesn't stop there. A captivating caption gives a voice to
the visual content and enhances its impact. A well-crafted
Understand The Twitter Language: Instagram caption serves to describe the photo's context,
To use Twitter effectively, it's important to understand the encourages action, or even adds humour, making the content
language and terms commonly used on the platform. Here are more enjoyable and interactive for the audience.
some key terms to know: Steps to follow:
Hashtag: A hashtag is a word or phrase preceded by the "#" Create a first impression.
symbol. It's like using keywords to start discussions openly. For Include call to action,
example, #genderequality can initiate a conversation on gender, Ask a question to increase curiosity.
followed by a post with pictures, videos, or GIFs. Tweets with Offer tips/ tricks,
hashtags get more views, and they help people find tweets related Use phrases / anecdotes,
to similar topics. Use emojis,
Use hashtags,
Handle: A handle is your username on Twitter. It appears at the
Keep it short
end of your post with the "@" symbol followed by your username.
Your Twitter profile name can be your name, but the handle is Model Question Paper
IV Sem. B. Com/ Generic English -L2.
Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 30 of 31
Notes: GENERIC ENGLISH B.COM / BBA IV Semester, NEP SCHEME BNU
Time: 2.30 Max. Marks: 60 toward nature in the poem 'Ecology'?
Instructions: Answer all the questions. 3. What did Vandana Shiva learn from the Chipko movement?
I. Answer any five of the following questions in one or two 4. Write about Devi Shetty's view on women's empowerment.
sentences each. 2x5=10 marks V. Explain the steps of Preparing a Pechakucha presentation.
1. Why did the narrator go to Moodigere Bee-keepers" 1x5=5
Cooperative Society? Whom did he meet? or
2. Mandanna and Lakshmana worked in …………. Bring out the relevance of Pecha Kucha in today's presentation
3. How much did the bottle of honey cost? skills.
4. Why did Mandanna visit the narrator at Moodigere?
5. Who is Carvalho? How did Mandanna look up to him? VI. Answer any one of the following 1x5=5
6. What did Mandanna find in the forests of Norvey? 1. What is business writing? Write an example of business writing.
7. Did Carvalho and his team members catch the flying lizard
2. Draft a speech on the following topic in one page: "Poverty is a
alive?
state of mind.'"
II. Answer any two of the following questions in a page each.
3. Narrate your travel to a historical place in a page:
5x2=10
1. Write short notes on VII. Answer any one of the following. 1x5=5
a. Kariappa or 1. Draft a mail to enquire about Summer Camp Courses.
b. Yenkta 2. Write a Congratulate letter to your boss who has won the best
2. Narrate how the bees attacked when the Minister addressed project of the year award.
the public at Moodigere. 3. Write a promotion letter from Vice- Principal to Principal.
3. Describe Mandanna's role in illicit brewing.
4. Discuss the relationship between the narrator and his dog Kiwi. VIII Answer any one of the following. 1x5=5

III. Answer any one of the following questions in 2-3 pages. 10x1=10 1. Write a blog on the following topic CORONA'.
1. The flying lizard plays a significant role in the novella Carvalho. 2. Write a tweet on behalf of Bangalore Traffic Police department
Substantiate to inform your followers about the importance of following
2. Narrate the first encounter between the narrator and traffic rules.
Mandanna and Lakshmana. 3. Write caption for the following pictures to promote on
Instagram:
IV. Answer any two of the following questions in a page each: 5x2=10
1. Discuss the development of the theme of transience and
permanence as discussed in the poem Ode on the Grecian Urn'.
2. How does a mother symbolize a traditional reverent attitude

Prof. VENKATA RAMU.B.R. Dept. of English, GFGC, GUDIBANDE, Ph; 7899581146 Page 31 of 31