Memories
What is Memories?
The device used to store digital data, temporarily or permanently either on the semiconductor medium or in the
magnetic medium for processing data.
Terms related to memory device:
• Memory Cell: It is an electronic circuit that stores single binary bit 0 or 1.
Eg: flipflop, capacitor ,1 magnetic dot(hard disk), 1 optical dot (CD).
Note: dot(.) means outward direction.
• Memory Word: group of flipflop is known as register and it is known as one memory word. It is called
by the names word length ,word size.
• Memory Address: It is the number that locates or identifies a memory word in memory device.
• Memory Capacity: It indicates total number of bits stored in the memory device.
Memory capacity = Total no of memory word X word size
Eg: 1KB
• Memory Read Operation: This operation on memory device taking the data and instruction from the
selected memory word.
• Memory Write Operation: This operation on memory word stores the data on selected memory
word.
• Read/Write Memory: A memory device that can be read or write many number of times.
Semiconductor Memory
Semiconductor memory is a sort of computerized electronic memory that utilizes semiconductor material,
ordinarily silicon, to store and recover advanced information. It is the essential sort of memory utilized in PCs,
cell phones, and other electronic gadgets.
The widespread use of semiconductor memory is fueled by its remarkable properties:
• High Storage Density: Semiconductor memory can store a lot of information in a little space.
• Fast Access Time: Information can be gotten rapidly from semiconductor memory, making it
appropriate for elite execution applications.
• Lower Power Consumption: reduces environmental impact, extends battery life, and minimizes energy
consumption.
• Scalability: Compared to other kinds of memory, like magnetic storage, semiconductor memory uses
less power.
Applications of Semiconductor Memory
Semiconductor memory is used in a wide variety of applications, including:
• Digital Cameras: Used for storing photographs and recordings.
• Smartphones: Used for storing applications, music, photos and other valuable information.
• Computers: Used for storing program instruction and working data.
• USB drivers: Used for storing potable data storage.
• Solid state drive(SSD): Used for high-performance storage in computers.
• MP3 Player: Used to store music.
Advantages:
• High Speed
• Low power consumption
• High storage density
• Scalability
Disadvantages:
• Can be much expensive
• Limited life span (for flash memory)
• Security issues.
FIFO Memory- (First in First out)
Basic data flow of FIFO Memory
Signal Status:
1. Empty FIFO:
• Initially, both pointers will point to the same address in the memory (zero). Further, we’ll return both
pointers to zero any time the user requests that the memory to be reset.
• This status also indicates that all the locations of FIFO have been read and made empty.
2. FIFO with data
• When a data is written to the memory, the write pointer is incremented. This pointer then always points
to the data not yet written to.
• When a data is read from the memory, the read pointer is incremented. This pointer always references
the next data to be read.
3. Full FIFO
• This status which indicates that all the locations inside FIFO have been written.
RTL:
TB:
Output from display statement:
EP Wave Form:
-----------------------------------------------END----------------------------------------------------------
#happy learning
#LWL
