IMPORTANTTTERMS AND CONCEPTS

Temperature.This
This is the difference between the highest andthe lowest
Rangeof
L Annual
ofthe year.
temperatures
Monsoon. The sudden approach of the
or Burst of
2. Break lightning, violent winds and heavy rainfall.
moisture-laden
winds accompaniedby
thunder, Summers are not very hot and winters are not very cold. There is not much
Climate.
3. Equable throughout the year, e.g., Chennai.
difference in temperature difference in temperature such as Summers are very hot and
Extreme Climate. There is a great
4.
are very cold, e.g., Delhi.
winters
Streams. Air currents found|in the upper layers of the atmosphere, which help in determining
5. Jet monsoons.
the arrival of
Kalhaisakhi. These are thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds and heavy rainfall. They
K tea, coffee and rice.
occur in Assam and West Bengal and are go0d for
dry winds blowing in the Northern plains (Utar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab) in
7. Loo. These are hot,
June.
the months of May and along the coast in Kerala in the hot season.
local storms causing rain
8. Mango Showers. These are between June-September towards India from
winds blow
9. South-West Summer Monsoons. These
and causing rain.
the Arabian Sea, carrying moisture blow from the northern part of India towards the
winds
10. North-East Winter Monsoons. These cause rain on the south-east coast of India after picking
dry but
Arabian Sea. They are cold and Deccan
up moisture from the Bay of Bengal. leeward side which receives very little rain, e-g.,
facing the
I1. kain Shadow Area. The area receivesvery
Plateau. moisture-laden winds and which windward
Windward side. The side of the mountain
facing the
the Arabian Sea andthe
122. Ghats facing
western side of the Western
heavy rain, e.g.,
slopes of the Garo and Khasi hills.
Factors Affecting Climate of India Therefore,the northern-half
India.
throughthe middleof Torrid Zone. equator are
(a) Latitude. The Tropic of Cancer passes
southern-halflies in the Places near the
lies in the Zone and the equator.
Temperate distance from
the
The climate of a place is affected by its Climate 51
hotter than the places which are away from ll
(b) The limalayan MountainWall acts as a barrier and affects the climate in tyowyfrom a severely
India, thus saving it
() The coldwinds from CentralAsia are not allowed to enter
cold climate.
rain-bearing South-West Monsoons causing heavy rain in Indiz
( ) TheHimalayas intercept the cooler due to lapse rate there
is a drop of 6'Cper
mountains are
(c) Altitude. Places located on high cooler than Lucknow in summner.
km in temperature, eg, Nainital is have a moderate clímate while places in the interior
Places near the sea climate whereas Lucknow and
(d) Distance from theSea, Mumbaí have a moderate
Chennaiand
have an extreme onc, eg.,
Delhi have an extreme climate. relief.
distributionof rainfall depends on the regional or localPlateau gets less rainfal
(e) Varied Relief. The Western Ghats gets hcavy rainfall butthe Deccan
() Windwardsidec of the
arca,
as it lies in the rain shadow region of the Aravalli Hílls and ís dry. It does not receie
shadow
(i)) Rajasthan lics in the rain Branch of the South-West
Monsoons.
Bay of Bengal
rainfall from the
windward slopes of Khasí-Garo Hills but Meghalava
lies on the
(üi) Cherrapunji gets heavy rain as it rain.
lies in the rain shadow area and gets less origínate from the Mediterranean Sea and
Cyclones. These
) Western Disturbances or Temperate the plains and snowfall ín the hilly
regions
north-west India causing rainfall in
move towards wheat and barley.
These help in the growth of winter crops like upper layers of the atmosphere and help
are air currents which blow in the
2) Jet Streams. These
western disturbances to enter into India.

ngoon Climate
India -A Land of Sharp Contrasts
There
ere isS great contrast in temperature and rainfall in the different parts of India.
" Temperature Rajasthan 50°C Ladakh-45°C
" Rainfall
Cherrapunji over 2000cm Rajasthan 13 cm.
Annual Range of Temperature Malabar coast 3°C Interior of Country 20°C

LocalWinds During Hot Dry Season

1. Kalbaisakhi i.e, 'the calamity of the month of Baisakh' are local winds which are accompanicd h
thunderstorms and bring heavy rainfall in West Bengal. This rain is good for the groth of te
in Assam and rice and jute in West Bengal.
2. Loo: These blow in the month of May and June in the Northern Plains, cause severe shortage o
water and are responsible for heatstrokes. These dusty and dry winds blow in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh
Punjab and Haryana.
3. Mango Showers: These are winds which blow in south India and cause rainfall near Mahabaleshwar
They help in the growth of mango, coffee and tea crops. They are also known as 'cherry blossom
in Karnataka.

56 agethes with Geography (1CSE) 10

 SOLVED QUESTIONS
Short Answer Questions
givento the climate of India?
What is the name
oL tvpe Mention any two
ofclimate.
factors
Ans. India has a Tropical Monsoon climate. The two
la) The Himalayas the
stretching from east to westfactors
in the responsible for such
north.
responsible for such a
(b) The presence
of Monsoon winds which
Q.2. Namethe factors that influence the climate of India.bring rain to the
a
climate are:(2016)
Ans. The factors that influence the climate of India are: country.
(a) The Great Mountain wall of Himalayas
h Latitude or Distance from the Equator
(c) Altitude
(d) Distance from the sea
(e) Temperate Cyclones or Western
0.3. Explain two factors
that affect the Disturbances.
climate of India giving a
Ans. The two
factors that affect the climate
of
(a) The Himalayan Mountain: It acts like aIndia are:
from reaching India in winter barrierit as it suitable example for each.(any two)
thus
season, the Himalayas intercept the saving prevents the coldI winds
from a [20151
in India.
(6) Distance from
severely cold climatefrOm
the Sea: Places near rain-bearing South-West . Cent
In the ral Asia
whereas places far the sea
from the sea have have a a
mari tim e OT
monsoon, causin g surmmerrain
heavy
04. State the
Ans. The
climatic significance of the continental
Himalayas are very important and Himalayas to the climate, like Moderate climate like
bearing Bay of Bengal Branch of influence the people of
the clim ate of India
Lucknow.
India. Munbai
Himalayas prevent the cold
Nort South-West
h-East Monsoon winMonsoons greatly.
cause They
0.5. Mention two main
Ans. The main features features
of
the Indian ds from which rain instop the rain
(a) Rainfall is
main
while the leeward
of
the
ly Indian Monsoon Mons0on.
relief or
moisture bearing winds by Orographic. Most of
the
are: enteringIndia.
the rainfall is
India. The
(b) The rainfall is side gets scanty mount a in
rain. ranges. AS a result, caused due to the
Aken resulting inerratic and
isdelayed. floods unpredictable.
and The
amount wi ndward side getsobstruction of
heavy
06. Which type of
of this type of climate is
drought s.
Sometimes,
of
rainfall
the rainfall varies from time to
rain
Ans, The climate. exper ienced in the
hern Plains of India have a Northern Plains of India? State
occurs early and at timestime,it
BeingNort
away
01. Mention thefrom the sea, they one main
Ans. The four four seasons that have very conthotinental type ofandclimate. char a cte ristic
(0) The seasons that prevail inprevail in Indiasummers very cold
(6) The ColHot
d season or the India are: stating the
months each.winters.
for
C) The Season
(a) Rainy or the(March to
The
Nor
May)th- E ast Monsoon Season (20171
Retreating SoutSouth-Wh-esWtest Summer Season (June to(December to February).
Summer Season. September),.
Climate 57
 in In dia.
monsoon rainfall
Q.8. Give two important characteristics of the summer [2013|
Or
Monsoon rainfall.
Indiaare:
South-West heavy rainfall
Give two important characteristics ofSummer monsoon rainfall
in
regions receive very
of some
Ans. The two important characteristics
rainfallis unevenly
distributed as
sometimes. It comes
(a) The summer monsoon rainfall varies
amount ofdelayed.
while others receive less. unpredictable.The itis South-West
Monsoone
erratic and and at tines
rainfall is ready before the a lou
(0) The farmers are not the
subcontinent
dry, therefore hot and
carly when
the in
that exist sub-continent is very
the climaticconditions
Monsoons strike,
the country.
Q9. Describe the
South-West north-western part of the high. The
Ans. Before
develops in the monsoon? Why? the pressure is very Arabian
pressure summer where the
the direction of the south-west direction monsoon windsfrom
Q.10. VWhat is from the attracts the
summer mons0on blows pressure which
Ans. The Indiahas low
north-westernpart of Bay of Bengal.
Tamil Nadu. over the
Sea. rain in coming experienced in:
the source of the winter North-East Winter Monsoons they are
Q.11. Name from the whích
Tamil Nadu gets rain and the months during
Ans. rainfall (b) TamilNadu.
Name the two sources of
Q.12.
(a) Punjab
sources of rainfall in: and Temperate cyclones.
and Tropical cyclones.
Ans. The two
Monsoon Monsoon importance
are South-West Summer North-East Winter Disturbances. State the
(a) Punjab from the
lamil Nadu gets rainfallreceives rainfallfrom theWestern helps in the
(0)
area in India which India. Thisrainfall
Q13. of Name the part of
this rainfall. the north-west
Disturbances cause rainfall in
Ans. The
Western example
growth of wheat and
barley. example of it in India. receive much rain. An
area? Give oneleeward slope and does not
What is a rain shadow faces the
Q14. is one which [2017]
shadow area Plateau.
Ans. Rain is the Deccan
of such a region derived from:
the agricultural benefits
Q.15. State Depression inPunjab. crops like
Westerly for the
(a) The Kalbaisakhi in Assam. inwinter which is beneficial
rain
(b) The
Westerly Depressionsin Punjab cause thunderstorms
The
Ans. (a) wheat hot season. These are
and barley. West Bengal in the beneficialfor the tea,
coffee
Kalbaisakhi occurin Assam and rainfallwhich is
(b) The winds and heavy
accompanied with strong
and ríce crops.
Q.16. Name the following: heavy rain to Cherrapunji India and is good for tea and coffee crops.
(a) The winds that bring
brings a light rainfall to South [2016]
(b) The local wind that South
rain to Cherrapunji are the Bay of Bengal Branch of the
The winds which bring heavy
Ans. (a) West Summer Monsoons. for
the local winds that bring light rainfall to South India. These are good
(b) Mangoshowers are
tea and coffee crops.

58 Tagthes wtk Geograplhy (1CSE) 10

 afect India and two
yclonic systemsthat areas that receive
0.17. Name two
Systems.
types of
India are:
rainfall from these
cvclonic systems that affect (20131
Ans. The two Cyclones or depressions
(a) Temperate the north-west of India which includes the states of.
These
Hìmachal Jammu
affectPradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand etc. These are caused in theandwinter
Kashmir, Punjab.
(December-January)
(b)Tropical Cyclones
coast of southern India (Odisha, Andhra Pradesh..
These afect the eastern
October-November. Tamil Nadu)
months of
thebenefits and blow
QI8. Stateinthe that are derived from the local winds that blow in summer in the following
states: (b) West Bengal.
Ans. (a)
(@) Kerala
Kerala receives rainfallfrom the local winds known as mango showers, during the hot season.
mangoes.
(2014)
These winds help in growth of the
experience thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds and heavy rainfall.
(b) West Bengal Kalbaisakhi or Norwesters and help in the
are known as
Bengal. cultivation of tea in AssamTheseand
jute and rice in West
Give reasons for the following
Give geographical reasons for the following:
Q19. summer, Shimla is cooler than
Delhi.
ic) Even in
not freeze in winter
) The northern plains of India do
i Kochi has a lesser annual range of temperature than Agra. [2012]
cooler than Delhi in summer as it is :situated at a higher altitude, where the
(a) Shimlaiss
Ans. Arons atthe rate of 6°C per km of ascent. Delhi is situated at a lower heicht temperature
(6) The northern plains of India do not freeze in winter as they are protected from the influence
of the cold north-east monsoons by the Himalayas.
i Kochi is situatedalong the coast and is influenced by the land and sea breezes which modertes
its temperature. On the other hand, Agra has an extreme climate as it is situated in the
interior of the continent and is not influenced by the sea breezes.
Q.20. Give a reason to explain why:
in) the coastal areas of India do not experience a significantvariation in temperature between
Summer and winter months
(6) the annual rainfall in Rajasthan is less than 25 cm
(c) the Coromandel coast gets most of its rain during the winter season. [2010]
Ans. (a) Those regions situated in the coastal areas have a moderate climate which means that there
is not much of difference between the temperatures in summer and winter. This is due to
the influence of the sea and land breezes which moderate the temperature.
(b) Rajasthan gets less than 25 cm of rain due to two reasons. It lies in the rain shadow area
of the Aravalli Hills and does not get much rain from the Bay of Bengal Branch of the
South-West Summer Monsoons. Secondly the Arabian Sea Branch blows parallel to the
Aravalli Hills and does not cause rain as wel1. Thev go past the hills causIng haraly dly
rainfall in Rajasthan.
(c) The southern India. This region receives
Coromandel coast is located on the east coast of
rainfall from the North-East Monsoons which blow during the winter months.
Climate 59
 Q.25. Giy
Q.21. Give reasons for the following: most of India. (a
almost no rain to (
(a) The North-East Monsoons bring local winds. conditions which
(b) The mango showers are beneficial in the climatic
responsible for the variation Ans.
is
(c) The latitudinal extent of India not contain
moisture until they
prevail in the country. over land and do along the
cause some rain India
North-East Monsoonwinds originate moisture and
Ans. (a) The they pick up rain to most of
the Bay of Bengal. HereTherefore they bring almost no rainfall near
pass over
Deccan Plateau.
the Arabian Sea and cause Q.26.
east coast of the India from crops.
Mango showers blow in south growth of mango, coffee and teacold. South of the Tropic Ans.
(b) The the therefore
Mahabaleshwar. They help in the temperate zone and is Therefore the variation in the
part of India lies in warmer. Q.27.
(c) The northernIndia lies in the tropical zone and is from the equator.
of Cancer, place is
conditions depends on how far a
climatic following:
each of the
Q.22. Give a reason for Equatorialtype of climate. coastalplains.
of Sri Lanka has than the Eastern equator.
(a) Most
plains receive more rainfall
an island situated near the Ar
coastal as it is the
(6) Western
Lanka has an equatorial type of climate they lie on the windward slope of
rainfall as Monsoon.
Ans. (a) Most of Sri
coastal plains receive very heavy from the South-West Summer
(b) Western get rain
the first region to
Western Ghats. This is in the rain shadow area.
plains lie
The Eastern coastal
the following: during summer.
Q.23. Give reasons for mountain slopes than in the plains
(a) It is cooler on the in December.
than Kanpur
(b) Mumbai is warmer increasing
Rajasthan receives very little rainfall. plains because temperature decreases with
(c)
cooler in the mountains as compared to
Ans. (a) It is every 167 m. influence of the sea.
altitude at the rate of 1°C for December because of the moderating
Aravalli
Mumbai is warmer than Kanpur in lies in the rain
shadow area of the
(b) rainfall because it
very little
(c) Rajasthan receives
Hills.
0.24. Give reason:
same latitude, Mangalore experiences more rainfall
(a) Though Mangalore and Mysore are on the
than Mysore. Mumbai.
range of temperature than
(b) Jaipur has a higher annual the same latitude, Mangalore experiences more rainfall
Mysore are on
Ans. (a) Though Mangalore and on west coast of India and receives heavy rainfall
than Mysore because Mangalore lies
June-September. On the other hand Mysore
from the South-West Summer Monsoon from Moreover it receives rain from the
Ghats.
lies in the rain shadow area of the Western
rainfall
North-East Winter Monsoon which causes rainfall between December-February. This
is not very heavy.
(b) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai as it is situated far away from
the sea and has a continental type of climate. This means that there is a vast difference
between the highest and lowest temperatures. Jaipur has a desert type of climate also.
Mumbai on the other hand is nearer to the sea and has a maritime type of climate. The
temperatures are more or less the same throughout the year.

60 Tyetke adtk Geograply (ICSE) - 10

 Q.25. Give a reason for each of the following:
(a) Patna gets heavier rainfall than Varanasi.
A The Arabian Sea branch of the South-West
Monsoon does not shed any moisture in western
Rajasthan.
(a) Patna getsa heavier rainfall than Varanasias it lies in the lower Ganga valley, whereas
lies further west. The South-West Monsoon (Bay of Bengal Varanasi
Patna and then in Varanasi.
Branch) first causes rain in
Ib) The Arabian Sea branch of the South-West
Monsoondoes not shed any moisture in western
Rajasthan as it blows parallel to the Aravalli.
Q.26. Give reason why the South-West Monsoons do not give much rainfall to Chennai.
The South-West Monsoons do not give much rain to
Chennai because it lies on the east coast of
India which is in the rain shadow area.
Q.27. Give a geographic reason for each of the following:
() Kerala has the longest rainy
season.
(b) The Konkan coast experiences orographic rainfall.
(c) The city of Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh has a
in Tamil Nadu.
higher range of temperature than that of Chennai
Ame (a) Kerala lies in the South-Western coast of India [2015]
and is the first region to get the rains from
the Arabian Sea Branch of the
South-West Monsoons. This causes rain between June to
September.
(b) The Konkan coast stretches along the
Arabian Sea west of the Western Ghats. The
South-West Monsoons blow from the Arabian Sea and strike the Western
relief or orographic rainfall.bsb Ghats causing
(c) Kanpur located in Uttar Pradesh has a continental type of
are very hot and the winters are extremely cold due to climate.
This means that the summers
their distance from the sea.
Chennai in Tamil Nadu is a coastal city and has a moderate climate, which
not much difference between the highest and lowest means that there is
temperatures during the year.
0.28. Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) Kanpur has extreme temperature conditions.
(b) Kochi is warmer than Mumbai even though both lie on
the western coast of India.
(c) The Ganga Plain gets the monsoon rain much later than the west
coast of India.
Ans. (a) Kanpur has extreme temperature conditions because it is located very far from the sea [2016]
and has
a continental climate.
(b) Kochi is warmer than Mumbai even though both lie on the western coast of
India because it
is situated closer to the equator.
(c) The Arabian Sea Branch of the South-West monsoons strikes the west coast first as it
originates
in the southern part of the Arabian Sea at the end of May/first week of June.
After travelling over the Deccan it crosses the Bay of Bengal and strikes the Khasi, Garo and
Jaintia hills. It then turns westwards and causes rain in the Ganga Plain at the end of June
or the beginning of July.
Q.29. Give reasons for the following:
(a) When the Malabarcoast is receiving heavy rainfall in July, the Tamil Nadu coast is comparatively
dry.
(b) The Northern Plains of India have a continental type of climate.
Ds (c) Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall [2013]
() ne Malabar coast is located on the western coastal nlains where the South-West Moisoos
coast which
strike first. Therefore, it the eastern
gets very heavy rain. Tamil Nadu lies on
lies in a rain shadow area and gets less rain.
Climate 61
 Therefore, it has ver
(b) The influence of the sea.
Northern Plains
hot Summers and cold winters. It has an
from the
of India lie Very far extreme climate or a continental type of climate
receives
little
Q.41.
Ans. TI
the Western Ghats and
(c) Central Maharashtra lies in the rain shadow area of
Q.42. W
rainfall. Ans. T
following:
Q.30. Mention a geographical reason for each of the branch of the
South-West
Monsoon
(a) Patna receives heavier rain than Delhi
from the Arabian Sea
rain
no [2014)
(b) Western Rajasthan receives
winds month of
December.
Valley, whereas Delhi
Ganga
Mangalore is not cold even
in the lies in the lower of Bengal
(c) heavier rain than Delhi because it Branch flows from the Bay
IS. (a) Patna receives Valley. The Bay of Bengal Q.43.
heson the Upper
Ganga
Delhi. of the south-west Monsoon
carlier than Branch Ans.
and reaches Patna the Arabian Sea
Rajasthan receives no rain from sea breezes which
(0) Western winds blow parallel to the Aravalli Hills. and is affected by the
December.
as these western coastal plain cold in
Mangalore is situated along the Mangalore does not get
(c) temperature. Therefore Q.44
moderate its
Ans
terms
Define the following
temperatures of the year. Q.4
Q.31. Annual Range of Temperature. the lowest
between the highest and
Ans. This is the difference lightning, violent Ar
Q.32. Break or Burst of Monsoon. moisture-laden winds accompanied
by thunder.,
the
Ans. The sudden approach of
winds and heavy rainfall.
temperature
Q.33. Equable Climate.
not verv cold. There is not much difference in
hot andwinters are
Ans. Summers are not very
throughout the year, e.g., Chennai.
are very cold.
Q34. Extreme Climate.
temperature as the summers are very hot and winters
in
Ans. There is a great difference
eg., Delhi.
arrival
atmosphere, which help in determining the
0.35. Jet Streams.
in the upper layers of the
Ans. Air currents found
of monsoons.
Q.36. Kalbaisakhi.
and heavy rainfall. These occur in Assam
Ans. These are thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds
and West Bengal and are good for tea, coffee and rice.
0.37. Loo.
Ans. These are hot, dry winds blowing in the Northern plains (Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab) in the
months of May and June.
Q.38. Mango Showers.
Ans. These are local storms causing rain along the coast in Kerala in the hot season.
0.39. North-East Winter Monsoons.
Ans. These winds blow from the northern part of India towards the
but cause rain on the south-east coast of India after
Arabian Sea. They are cold and dry
picking up moisture from the Bay of Bengal.
040. Rain Shadow Area.
Ans. The area facing the leeward side which
receives very little rain, e.g., Deccan plateau.
62 Tagethe uith Geography (ICSE) 10
 South-West Summer Monsoons.
Q41.
These winds blow between June-September towards India from the Arabian Sea
Ans.
and causing rain. carrying moisture
0.42. Windwardside.
Theside of the mountain facing the
Ans. moisture-laden
western side of the Western Ghats facing the
winds and which receives very
heavy rain, e.g.,
Arabian Sea and windward slopes of the
hills. Garo, Khasi

in
Differentiate between the following
Q43. Climatic conditions Kerala and Uttar Pradesh
during June month.
Ans. Kerala (Climatic conditions)
(a) Humid due to heavy monsoon rain Uttar Pradesh (Climatic
(b) Lower temperatures (a) conditions)
Intense low pressure (dry)
Q.44. Climatic difference of Almora and Kochi.
Rooitaae (b) High
temperatures
Ans. Almora
Almora is at a height so it has a cooler climate Kochi
Kochi is on the
Q.45. Climatic difference of sea-coast and has a moderate
Cherrapunji and Shillong. climate.
Ans.
Cherrapunji
Cherrapunji has very heavy
on the rainfall as it is
windward slope of the hills. situated Shillong lies in the rainShillong
shadow area of
Khasi-Garo Hills and has very little rain.the
046. Climatic difference of
Mumbai and Lucknow.
Ans.
Mumbai
Mumbai has a
it has very maritime climate which means Lucknow
little difference that Lucknow has an
and the winters. It is between the
situated near the sea. summers This means that extreme climate as it is in the interior.
it has cold
047, Rainfall (a) that winters and hot summers
India. occurs from June to
Ans.
September and (b) from
December to Feberuary in North
Rainfall (June-September)
(a) Very heavy [2015]
(b) Rainfall (December-February)
Moisture-laden
sea (South-Westwinds as they come
Monsoon) from the
(a)
(b)
Less rain
Winds blow from land to sea,
when they therefore
dry and cold except they are
0.48. South-West Summer Monsoon and cross a
Ans. (North-East Monsoons) waterbody
South-West Summer North-East
Monsoon Winter Monsoon.
(a) Blow
(b) Winds during the Rainy season. North-East Winter Monsoon
(c) Active blow from sea to land. (a) Blow during the
between
(a) Most parts June to (b) Winds blow Winter scason.
these winds. countrySeptember.
of the from land to sea.
(c) Active between
(e) Two receive rain from (b) Rain is caused December to February.
branches- Bay of Bengal Coast.
mainly along the Tamil Nadu
Arabian Sea Branch. Branch andde) Only one branch.

Clhmate 63
 Branch
Dengal
of Bengal Branch Bayof
).49, Arabian Sea Branch and Bay (a) Lesspowerful Bengal
Branch.
of
Arabian Sea Branch theBay alongthe
Ans. Blowsover mainly Northern Plai..
/(b) rainfall deltaand
|(a) More powerful Arabian Sea Causes
Ganga-Brahmaputra
/(c)
the western
|(b) Blows Over
rainfall mainly
alongthe
(c) Causes plainandPeninsular
India Monsoon
coastal Monsoon Breakin the are
Break in the
andAugust there
Monsoon and of July rain this is
Burstingof BurstingofMonsoon During themonths when there is no
Q.50. weather monsoons.
moisture-ladenwinds,/ spells ofdry breakon the
ofthe lightningisknownas referred to as a
suddenapproach
Ans.
and
The violentthunder
along with burstofthe monsoon,.
or
thebreak LongAnswerQuestions
India.
prevailingover
climate climate.
Name the type of responsible for it. Monsoon
0.51. (a)
Mention any two
factors
over Indiais the Tropical
(b) climate prevailing
climate are: differences in the
type of the cause the
Ans. (a) The two factors responsible for land and sea
which
(6) The well-developed pressure system over
water.
(0) A heating and cooling of land and
rate of landmass and
waterbody.
of large its
(ü) Presence
Orographic in nature.' and the effect of relief on
India is of rainfall
0.52. 'Rainfall in reference to the distribution
with
Give an example passage of the winds.
For
mountains block the
distribution. regions where moisture from
Heavy rainfall iscaused in those
Western Ghats after collecting
Ans. Monsoon winds strike the over
example the South-West the windward slope and as the wind passes
rainfall is caused on lies in the rain shadow
area of the
the Arabian Sea. Heavy The Deccan Plateau
less rainfall.
the leewardslope there is
Western Ghats. North-East Winter Monsoons
South-West Summer Monsoons
(a) Blow during the Rainy season (a) Blow during the Winter season
|(b) Winds blow from land to sea.
(b) Winds blow from sea to land
(c) Active between June to September (c) Active between December to February
(d) Most parts of the country receive rain from (d) Rain is caused mainly along the Tamilnadu
these winds. Coast.
(e) Two branches- Bay of Bengal Branch and (e) Only one branch.
Arabean Sea Branch

0.53. Mention the characteristic features of the Retreating Monsoons.

Ans. The characteristics features of retreating monsoons are as
follows.
(a) The Retreating Monsoons blow during the
(b) They originate over the Northern months October and November.
of
Plains as the temperatures begin to
pressure through becomes weaker. decrease and thelow
(c) Skies are clear and
(d) Low pressure area temperature rises. There is also high humidity
shifts to the Bay of Bengal. resulting in the October heat.
64 Tagether udtk Geography (1CSE) 10
 Cyclonic depressions originate over the AIndaman Sea.
(e)
Arabian Sea Branch
Bay of Bengal Branch
(a) More powerful (a) Less powerful
Arabian sea (b) Blows over the Bay of
(b) Blows over the
i) Causes rainfall mainly along the western (c) Causes rainfall mainly Bengal Branch.
along the Ganga
coastalplain and Peninsular India
Brahmaputradelta and Northern Plains
Account for the heavy rain in the north-eastern part of
Q.54. India during
0.54. r crossing the Bay of Bengal the
Heavy rainfall is caused on the
June-September.
sOuth-West summer monsoons strike the Garo-KhasiHils
(6) windward slopes (over 2500 cm).
are located here.
Shllong recives only about
Cherrapunji and Mawsynram
250 cm as it lies on the rain shadow area
(Assam region too recoNes heavy rainfall as the winds are
moisture-laden.