WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program

RESEARCH I 9

LEARNING QUARTER I

MODULE WEEK
2
 MODULE IN RESEARCH I
Science, Technology and Engineering
(STE) Program

QUARTER I
WEEK 2

Types of Research

Development Team

Writer: Leo Mark Y. Ulep

Editors/Reviewers: Hamilton C. Remigio Flenie A. Galicinao

Management Team

Vilma D. Eda, CESO V

Joye D. Madalipay Lourdes B. Arucan

Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 1

 What I Need to Know

When you start planning a research project, developing research questions and
creating a research design, you will have to make various decisions about the type of research
you want to undertake. There are many ways to categorize different types of research. The
words you use to describe your research depend on your discipline and field.

This module introduces you to the different types of research.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):

Differentiate the types of research.

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. identify and describe the different types of research; and
2. analyze the type of research published relevant for their research proposal.

What I Know

Pre-Test:

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What type of research seeks to establish a relation/ association/ correlation between two
or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation?
A. correlational B. experimental C. pure D. survey

2. The main motivation of this type of research is to expand man’s knowledge, not to create
or invent something.
A. applied B. descriptive C. experimental D. pure

3. Research that is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop
innovative technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge’s sake.
A. applied B. descriptive C. experimental D. pure

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 2

4. A type of research that adheres to scientific research design.
A. applied B. basic C. descriptive D. experimental

5. This type of research attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two
aspects of a situation or phenomenon.
A. applied B. basic C. experimental D. explanatory

6. A research which is undertaken to explore an area where little is known or to investigate

the possibilities of undertaking a research study.
A. active B. creative C. explanatory D. exploratory

7. This type of research, which falls under inquiry mode perspective, collects data through
measuring things.
A. basic B. experimental C. qualitative D. quantitative

8. A student just got suspended for defiant behavior. The guidance councilor investigated the
student’s background and found that he had been suspended multiple times for similar
issues in middle school. What descriptive research method did the guidance councilor
use?
A. case study B. experimental study
C. observation D. survey

9. Mr. Ulep has a hundred students in his class. He wants to gauge students’ interest in class.
Which descriptive research method would most effectively investigate the question?
A. case study B. experimental study
C. observation D. survey

10. This type of research, which falls under inquiry mode perspective, collects data through
participant observations and interviews.
A. basic B. experimental C. qualitative D. quantitative

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 3

Lesson
Types of Research
2

What’s In

Directions: Find and encircle all the words that are hidden in the grid.

APPLIED EXPERIMENTAL PURE

CORRELATIONAL EXPLANATORY QUALITATIVE
DESCRIPTIVE EXPLORATORY QUANTITATIVE

A Q M T K J F G D G D R G F D F
B C O R R E L A T I O N A L D Q
A C D E F J S S M G Y K Q E D U
P P W T K G I E A R L J U S D A
P A R Z F D A X O N Y W A S D N
L S R Z D S K T N R E Q L S E T
I R F Z K D A T O I O S I F S I
E T F T G R K T Y A G W T G C T
D D D T O H A T O L W W A C R A
S H D L G N E T N A A R T V I T
D J P T A J A K O O P R I B P I
D X S L L J D F G H J R V V T V
E K P P U R E O D Z K F E D I E
T X S T T J V P D N K E R W V D
E Q E X P E R I M E N T A L E T

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 4

 What’s New
Directions: Use the following words/ terms from the grid above to complete the concept map.

What is It

The types of research can be classified into three different perspective (Kumar, 2011):
application of the findings of the research study; objectives of the study; and mode of
inquiry used in conducting the study.

The classification of a research based on these perspectives is NOT mutually

exclusive; that is, a research classified from the viewpoint of application can be classified from
the perspectives of objectives and inquiry mode.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 5

Types of Research

Application perspective
a) Pure/Basic research
- This type of research is driven by scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific
question. The main motivation is to expand man’s knowledge, not to create or invent
something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from
this.

For example, basic researches probe for answers to questions such as:
- How did the universe begin?
- How do slime molds reproduce?
- What is the specific genetic code of a fruit fly?
- What is an atom composed of?

b) Applied research
- Refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems.
Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and
develop innovative technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge’s
sake.

For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to:

- improve agricultural crop production
- treat or cure a specific disease
- improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of transportation

Objective perspective
a) Descriptive research
- It attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem, phenomenon, program,
or provide information about the living conditions of a community or describe
attitudes towards an issue.
- It is a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the
frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information.
- It is also known as statistical research.

Methods that Can Be Used in Descriptive Research

- Naturalistic observation > observation and recording of behavior in natural state or
habitat
- Survey > assessment through questionnaire or interview of a sample or population
- Case study > in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals

b) Correlational research
- It refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of relationships among
two or more variables, without necessarily determining cause and effect.
- It seeks to establish a relation/ association/ correlation between two or more
variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation.
- It determines whether and to what degree a relationship exists between two or more
variables. The degree of the relationship is expressed as a coefficient or correlation.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 6

 For example:
- what is the impact of an advertising campaign on the sale of a product?
- what is the relationship between technology and unemployment?

c) Explanatory research
- This type of research attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two
aspects of a situation or phenomenon.
For example:
It tries to explain why stressful lifestyle results in heart attacks, or how home
environment affects children’s level of academic achievement.

d) Exploratory research
- It is a research which is undertaken to explore an area where little is known or to
investigate the possibilities of undertaking a research study. It is flexible and can answer
what, who and why questions.
- It is a research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined.
- The results of exploratory research are not usually useful for decision making by
themselves, but they can provide significant insight into a given situation.

e) Experimental research
- Experimental research is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design.
It includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and
variables that can be measured, calculated, and compared. Most importantly,
experimental research is completed in a controlled environment. The researcher
collects data and results will either support or reject the hypothesis. This method of
research is referred to a hypothesis testing or a deductive research method.
- There are many definitions of experimental research, but they all share several
obligatory features:
 a dependent variable and at least one independent variable;
 cause-and-effect relationship between these two variables while eliminating
or controlling all other possible confounding factors;
 an experimental group and a control group;
 appropriate selection and assignment of subjects; and
 replicability.

Inquiry mode perspective

a) Quantitative research (structured research)
- The main objective of this research is to quantify the variation and diversity in a
phenomenon, situation, or attitude.
- It assumes a fixed and measurable reality.
- Data are collected through measuring things; analyzed through numerical
comparisons and statistical inferences; and reported through statistical analyses.

Qualitative research (unstructured)

- A qualitative study describes the variation and diversity in a phenomenon, situation, or

attitude with a flexible approach so as to identify as much variation and diversity as
possible.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 7

 - It assumes a dynamic and negotiated reality.
- Data are collected through participant observation and interviews; analyzed by themes
from descriptions by informants; and reported in the language of the informant.

What’s More

Directions: Identify the type of research that can be used to address these
questions/statements.

1. What is an atom composed of?

2. Improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of transportation.
3. A business hotel wants to gather some preliminary information on how business
travelers feel about the menu variety, food, and service in its restaurants.
4. What is the relationship between technology and unemployment?
5. The effects of three different anti-hypertensive drugs on patients with hypertension.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill-out the table to generalize the concepts that you have learned from this
module.

Three things that I didn’t know 1.

before. 2.
3.
Two things that surprised me 1.
about this topic 2.
One thing that I want to start doing 1
with what I have learned.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 8

 What I Can Do

Directions: Perform the following task. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Choose a type of research which may be used for your research proposal. Explain why
you have chosen such. Discuss the area/s of your research proposal congruent to the features
of the chosen type of research.

Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. This type of research attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two
aspects of a situation or phenomenon.
A. applied B. basic C. experimental D. explanatory

2. A research which is undertaken to explore an area where little is known or to investigate

the possibilities of undertaking a research study.
A. active B. creative C. explanatory D. exploratory

3. This type of research, which falls under inquiry mode perspective, collects data through
measuring things.
A. basic B. experimental C. qualitative D. quantitative

4. A student just got suspended for defiant behavior. The guidance councilor researched the
students background and found that he had been suspended multiple times for similar
issues in middle school. What descriptive research method did the guidance councilor
use?
A. case study B. experimental study
C. observation D. survey

5. Mr. Ulep has a hundred students in his class. He wants to know how students feel about
the interest in the class so far. Which descriptive research method would most effectively
investigate the question?
A. case study B. experimental study
C. observation D. survey

6. This is a type of research that falls under inquiry mode perspective and collects data
through participant observations and interviews.
A. basic B. experimental C. qualitative D. quantitative

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 9

7. What type of research seeks to establish a relation/ association/ correlation between two
or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation?
A. correlational B. experimental C. pure D. survey

8. The main motivation of this type of research is to expand man’s knowledge, not to create
or invent something.
A. applied B. descriptive C. experimental D. pure

9. Research that is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop
innovative technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge’s sake.
A. applied B. descriptive C. experimental D. pure

10. A type of research that adheres to scientific research design.

A. applied B. basic C. descriptive D. experimental

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 10

 Answer Key

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 11

References
Harland, D.J. (n.d.). An introduction to experimental research. Retrieved from
https://cemast.illinoisstate.edu/downloads/hsrs/types_of_research.pdf

Kumar, R. (2011). Research methodology: A step-by step guide for beginners. London:Sage
Publications.

Types of research. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://ekladata.com/yUiXfJlzlzzj1FV535GzhWzOHF4/Lecture-No4-Types-of
research.pdf

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 12

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: [email protected]

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research I (Grade 9) 13