KERALA PUBLIC SCHOOLS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

CLASS : VIII HOME ASSIGNMENT
DATE:20.01.20
SUBJECT ASSIGNMENT
MATHS Chap-17 Construction of Quadrilaterals [Ex-17(A), 17(B)]
Chap-23 Line graph and Linear graph [Ex-23]

SCIENCE – CHAPTER 13 SOUND

1. Read the chapter thoroughly. Page (212 - 222) BOOK - SCIENCE
SCIENCE IN DEPTH
2. Write the key terms. ( Page 222)
3. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. How is sound produced ?
Ans. Sound is produced by vibrations.
Q. 2. Why there is a difference in the voice of adults and children ?
Ans. It is due to difference in their vocal glands.
Q. 3. What kind of instrument is a guitar ?
Ans. Stringed instrument.
Q. 4. What is the audible range of human ear ?
Ans. 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Q. 5. How is noise produced ?
Ans. Noise is produced by the irregular vibrations of the sound producing source.

4. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What is amplitude of vibration ? How is amplitude related to loudness ?
Ans. The maximum distance of the vibrating object from its mean position is
called amplitude.
It is denoted by A and measured in metre(m).Amplitude is directly proportional
to the loudness, i.e., greater the amplitude, louder is the sound.
Q. 2. Give two uses of ultrasonic sound.
Ans. Ultra sound is used in surgical tools. It is also used in cleaning system and
SONAR system.
Q. 3. A bat screams with a sound more than 20,000 (Hz) but we cannot hear it.
Why ?
Ans. We can hear sound ranging from 20Hz to 20,000 Hz. A sound below 20 Hz
or above 20,000 Hz is inaudible to us. This is the reason why can’t we hear a
bat’s scream.
Q. 4. What are the characteristics of sound ?
Ans. A sound is characterised by its loudness, shrillness (or pitch) and quality.
 Q. 5. If the frequency of an oscillator is 25 Hz, what would be its time period?
Ans. Frequency = 25 Hz
Frequency = 1/time period
1/25 = 0.04s
Time period of oscillator is 0.04 s.

5. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. How is sound produced in human beings?
Ans. A human being produces sound because of vibration of his voice box. The
voice box or larynx is situated at the upper end of windpipe. There are two
stretched membranes or vocal cords attached in larynx; with a narrow slit
between them. When air passes through those stretched membranes they produce
different types of sound with different combinations of stretching.
For example, when the muscles attached to the vocal cords make them tight and
thin, the type or quality of voice is different from that when they are loose and
thick.
Q. 2. How do we hear sound ? Explain.
Ans. We hear through our ears. Due to unique shape of our external ear or pinna
sound waves are concentrated once they enter here. From there, these waves
reach the eardrum through a 2-3 cm long passage called ear canal. The ear drum
vibrates when sound waves strike it. These vibrations are passed to middle ear
through three interconnected bones. The inner part of ear has a coiled tube called
‘cochlea’ with a fluid containing nerve cells. Its one end is connected to middle
ear and another is connected to auditory nerves which go to brain. From inner
ear, sound waves are sent to the brain via auditory nerves. The brain interprets
these signals and tells what the sound is.
Q. 3. What is the difference between noise and music ?
Ans. Differences between Music and Noise
Music Noise

1. A musical sound appears pleasant 1. Noise does not appear pleasant to

to our ears. our ears.

2. A musical sound is produced by 2.Noise is produced by the irregular

the regular vibrations of the sound producing
vibrations of the sound producing source. Example : Sound at
source. construction site, sound of aeroplane
Example : Sound of musical etc.
instruments, song of a singer etc.
 Q. 4. List some measures to reduce noise pollution.
Ans. Noise pollution can be limited or controlled by controlling the noise coming
from source. Noise pollution can be limited by taking following measures:
1.TV or radio should be played at low volume.
2. By installing high quality silencers in vehicles.
3.Misuse of loudspeakers, worshippers, outdoor parties and public
announcement system should be checked.
4.Minimum use of vehicle horns.
5.Plantation of trees along the road sides and around buildings. Trees absorb
sound.
6.Noisy operations should be conducted away from residential area.
7.Awareness campaigns to make people aware about the harmful effects of noise
pollution and measures to control noise pollution.
Q. 5. How would you show that sound needs a medium to propagate ?
Ans. Refer to Activity-8 on page no. 216 of the textbook.

SCIENCE – CHAPTER 9 REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

1. Read the chapter thoroughly. Page (146 - 152) BOOK - SCIENCE
IN DEPTH
2. Write the key terms. ( Page 153)
3. Draw the male and female reproductive organs in human. (Page 147)
4. Draw the Binary fission in Amoeba. (Page 152)
5. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What is a zygote ?
Ans. A zygote is the fertilised egg formed by the fusion of male and
female gametes.
Q. 2. What is fertilisation ?
Ans. The fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (ovum) is
called fertilisation.
Q. 3. What is metamorphosis ?
Ans. The transformation of a larva to become as adult through
different changes is called metamorphosis.
Q. 4. Why do frogs move to ponds or near water bodies during rainy
season ?
Ans. Frogs move to ponds or near water bodies so that female frog
can lay eggs and male frog can deposit sperms on them.
Q. 5. What is asexual reproduction ?
Ans. The type of reproduction in which only a single parent is
involved is called asexual reproduction.
6. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Name the male and female gamete in human body. Where in the
body they are produced ?
Ans. Male gametes called sperms are produced by the tests. Female
gametes called ova (eggs) are produced by the ovary.
Q. 2. What are viviparous and oviparous animals ?
Ans. Animals that give birth to young ones are called viviparous
animals. Examples are humans, dog, cow, lion etc. Animals that lay
eggs are called oviparous animals. Frog, lizard, birds, insects are
some oviparous animals.
Q. 3. What is gestation period ? What is the duration of gestation in
humans ?
Ans. The period of development of the young one of a mammal
inside the womb of mother from the time of fertilisation to birth is
called gestation period.It is about 40 weeks (or 280 days) in humans.
Q. 4. Give reason for the following :
(a) Some characters in you are similar to those of your father or
mother.
(b) The male egg cell has a long tail.
Ans. (a) The process of fertilisation involves the fusion of an egg cell
from mother and a sperm cell from father-resulting in the formation
of a new cell called zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo that
ultimately develops in a new individual. The new individual inherit
some characteristics from mother and some from father.
(b) The long tail of sperms help them to move in semen. To fertilise
an egg, sperms have to move a distance. The tails of sperms also help
them to penetrate the egg.

7. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What is internal fertilisation ? Explain with example.
Ans. Internal fertilisation : Fertilisation that takes place inside the
female body is called internal fertilisation. Internal fertilisation occurs
in many animals including humans, cows, dogs and hens.

Q. 2. How are chicks born ?

Ans. In a hen, soon after the fertilisation the zygote divides and
travels down the oviduct. As it travels down, many protective layers
are formed around it. The hard shell of hen’s egg is one such
layer.When the hard shell is completely formed around the
developing embryo, the hen lays the egg. The embryo takes about
three weeks to develop into a chick. The hen provides sufficient
 warmth to the egg by sitting on the egg. During this period (called
incubation) the chick develops inside the egg. After the chick is
completely developed it bursts open the egg shell.
Q. 3. What is binary fission ? Describe with a diagram.
Ans. Binary fission is a kind of asexual reproduction in which an
organism divides itself into two individual organisms, with each one
its genetic material (nucleus) and cytoplasm. Organisms like bacteria,
amoeba, etc. reproduce through binary fission.
The constriction Binary fission begins with dividing nucleus
developed by the division of cytoplasm deepens Finally two Daughter
amoebae are produced Binary fissions in Amoeba
Q. 4. What is budding ? Name an organism that reproduces by
budding.
Ans. Budding is a kind of asexual reproduction in which a small
bulge (called bud) grows out of the parent organism and separates
from it when becomes mature. Sometimes the bud remains detached
to the Parent Hydra. On detachment the bud forms a new hydra. Since
the new individuals develop as outgrowths from a single parent it is a
kind of asexual reproduction.

SCIENCE – CHAPTER 10 REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESENCE

1. Read the chapter thoroughly. Page (16O - 172) BOOK - SCIENCE
IN DEPTH
2. Write the key terms. ( Page 173) BOOK - SCIENCE IN
DEPTH
3. Draw and label the Endocrine glands in human body. (Page 167)
4. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. Name the gland which controls the secretion of hormones.
Ans. Pituitary or master gland.
Q. 2. How many chromosomes are there in a human cell ? How do the
chromosomes in males and females differ ?
Ans. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell. 22 pairs of
chromosomes are same in male and female but the last pair or sex chromosome
differs in each.In males the sex chromosome is of XY type and in females it is of
XX type.
Q. 3. Which type of zygote will develop into a male baby ? Ans. When a sperm
carrying Y-chromosome fertilises an egg (that contains only X-chromosome), the
resulting zygot (XY) develops into a male baby.
Q. 4. What is a balanced diet ?
Ans. A balanced diet is one that contains all the nutrients in the required
proportion according to the age, sex and occupation of a person.
Q. 5. Name some exocrine glands.
Ans. Sweat glands, salivary glands, oil glands are some exocrine glands.

5. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Why do some adolescents get pimples on their face ?
Ans. During adolescence, the secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands
increases. This causes acne and pimples on the face of adolescents.
Q. 2. Name the secondary sexual characteristics in humans.
Ans. Secondary sexual characteristics in males :
Growth of pubic hair, beard and mustaches, Hair on chest, under the arms.
Deepening of voice.
In females :Enlargement of breasts and hips. Appearance of pubic hair, Hair
under the arm.
Q. 3. What are hormones ? Name the male and female hormones.
Ans. Hormones are the chemical substances secreted by ductless glands. These
substances coordinate the activities and growth of living beings including us.
Female hormone : Estrogen, produced in ovaries.
Male hormone : Testosterone, produced in testes.
Q. 4. What kind of food should be taken by adolescents ?
Ans. Adolescents need more energy for various physical activities. Therefore,
they should take food rich in carbohydrates. Growing adolscents also need
protein-rich diet to build their body. In addition to these, adolscents should take
fresh fruits and vegetables and should drink sufficient water.
Q. 5. Why is protein very important for growing bodies ?
Ans. Proteins are needed by our body to repair and replace the worn out cells.
They act as the building blocks of the body. Growing adolescents need more
proteins because their physical development takes place during adolescence.
They need protein to build muscles and body.

6. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Name the male and female gametes. How does the reproductive phase in
women differ from that in men ?
Ans. Male gamete : Sperm Female gamete : Ova (eggs)
Reproductive phase in females begins at puberty (10-12 year) and lasts until the
age of 45 to 50 years.
Reproductive phase in males begins at puberty (14-15 years) and lasts as long as
he is healthy.
Q. 2. What is menstruation and menstrual cycle ? What happens in the body of a
female during menstrual cycle ?
Ans. The bleeding from the vagina due to the break down of the thickened inner
wall of the uterus and its blood vessels is called menstruation. The menstrual
flow lasts for 4–7 days. Menstruation occurs once in about 28–30 days. The
cycle of changes taking place in ovaries and uterus every twenty-eight (28) days
and marked by the menstrual flow is called menstrual cycle.
Menstrual cycle includes:
Maturation of the egg
Release of the egg from ovaries
Thickening of uterine wall
Breakdown of the thickened inner wall of the uterus, if pregnancy does
not occur.
Q. 3. Describe the role of the following hormones :
(a) estrogen (b) testosterone (c) insulin
Ans. (a) Estrogen : This hormone is produced in ovary. It controls the mammary
glands and development of breasts, and secondary female sexual characteristics.
It also promotes blood circulation.
(b) Testosterone : This hormone is produced in testes. It controls the growth
of moustaches and beard, and secondary male sexual characteristics. It also
promotes sperm production in males.
(c) Insulin : Insulin is secreted by pancreas. It regulates sugar metabolism.
Deficiency of insulin leads to high sugar level in blood resulting in a disease
called diabetes.
Q. 4. How does an AIDS virus transmit from an infected person to a healthy
person?
Ans. The AIDS virus is transmitted from an infected person to a normal person
through the following ways.
Sharing the infected needle of the syringe for injecting drugs.
Sexual contact with an infected person.
To an infant from the infected mother.
There is no vaccine or medicine for AIDS so far. So as it stands today, AIDS is a
preventive disease.
Q. 5. Why teenage pregnancy should be prevented?
Ans. Teenage pregnancy should be prevented because a girl at this age is not
mentally or physically preparared for motherhood. It may cause many health
problems in the mother and the child and may affect the behavioural, physical
and mental development of the infant. that it’s her father and not the mother
who is responsible for not giving birth to a baby boy.
Q. 1. How many chromosomes are there in the nucleus of a human cell ? Which
chromosomes decide the sex of unborn baby ?
 Ans. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each human cell.
The last pair of chromosomes (sex chromosomes) decide the sex of unborn baby.
Q. 2. How is a baby boy formed ?
Ans. A baby boy is formed when a sperm carrying Y-chromosome fertilises an
egg, that contains only X-chromosome, i.e., in XY condition.
Q. 3. What values of Kavya are displayed by her explanation ?
Ans. Kavya has an improved mind setup that makes her strong enough to fight
against the social myths.

SCIENCE – CHAPTER 14 CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC

CURRENT
1. Read the chapter thoroughly. Page (228 - 234) BOOK - SCIENCE
IN DEPTH
2. Write the key terms. ( Page 234) BOOK - SCIENCE IN
DEPTH 3. VERY SHORT ANSWER
TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Name a device which can detect even a weak current.
Ans. An LED (Light Emitting Diode) can detect even a weak current.
Q. 2. Which metal is electroplated on iron to prevent it from rust ?
Ans. Zinc.
Q. 3. Which metal is electroplated on car parts ?
Ans. Chromium.
Q. 4. Name one liquid which can conduct electricity and one which cannot.
Ans. Salt water can conduct electricity but pure water (or distilled water) cannot
conduct it.
Q. 5. What is the difference between a cathode and an anode ?
Ans. Cathode is connected to the negative terminal (or negatively charged
electrode), while anode is connected to positive terminal (or positively charged
electrode).

4. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What are good and poor conductors of electricity ?
Ans. Materials that can conduct electricity through them easily are called good
conductors.
For example, metals like aluminium, copper, silver etc. are good conductors of
electricity.
Materials which allow electricity to pass through them in very little amount are
called poor conductors of electricity.
Q. 2. What do you understand by hydrolysis of water ?
Ans. When electric current is passed through acidulated water, it dissociates into
hydrogen and oxygen. This process is called hydrolysis or electrolysis of water.
 Electric current
Water ------------- Hydrogen + Oxygen
(Chemical reaction)
Q. 3. What is chemical effect of electricity ?
Ans. When electricity is passed through a conducting liquid, a chemical change
takes place. This is called chemical effect of electricity. For example, when
electricity is passed through acidulated water, it dissociates into oxygen and
hydrogen.
Q. 4. What is electroplating ?
Ans. The process in which a layer of any desired metal is deposited over another
metal by means of electricity, is called electroplating.
For example, wheel rims, handle of cycles, taps, etc. are made shiny by the
method of electroplating.
Q. 5. Electroplating is hazardous to the environment. Give reason.
Ans. The pollutants from the electroplating industries are hazardous, as the
effluents contaminate air, water and soil. The waste water released from
electroplating industries has many harmful pollutants that contaminate water and
affect aquatic life.

5. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. How would you show that pure water does not conduct electricity ?
Ans. Refer to Activity 1 on Page No. 229 of the textbook.

Q. 2. What is an LED ? How is it better than an ordinary bulb ?

Ans. An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor device that can detect
even a weak current. There are two wires or leads connected to an LED. The
slightly longer which should be connected with the positive terminal of the
battery and the shorter one should be connected to the negative terminal. LEDs
consume less electricity and are more durable than light bulbs and fluorescent
tubes.
Q. 3. Why is it dangerous to handle electrical appliances with wet hands ?
Ans. The tap water has many dissolved salts and minerals. So it can conduct
electricity. If we touch electrical appliances with wet hands, we can get a shock.
Q. 4. What are the industrial uses of electroplating ?
Ans. Electroplating is a very useful process used in industries.
Electroplating is done in industries for following purposes.
1.To have an anti-reactive coating on the parts of machines so that they do not
react with raw materials.
2. To have an anti-corrosive coating on machines so that they do not get
corroded.
 3.To have a heat-resistive coating for parts like boilers so that they can resist the
heat produced by the machinery

HINDI हहन्दी साहहत्य

पाठ-हमठाईवाला (भगवती प्रसाद वाजपेयी )
1. पाठ को ध्यानपूववक पढ़ें |
2. पाठ से संबंहित हचत्र अपनी उत्तर- पुस्तिका में बनाएँ |
3. पाठ से पंद्रह कहठन शब्द चुनकर उत्तर-पुस्तिका में हलखें |
4. पाठ में हदये गए शब्दार्व को कंठस्र् करें |

ममठाईवाले की ककन्हीं दो मवशेषताओं को मित्र के नीिे ऄपनी उत्तर –पुमततका में मलखें |

5 . हनम्न शब्दों के अर्व अपनी उत्तर-पुस्तिका में हलखें | (पाठ -20 pg no -171 )

स्वर मधुर स्नेहाभभभिक्ति कंठ उपयुुि

उद्यान

पुलभकत भनहारती उस्ताद उम्र प्रभतभदन

मृदुल

हिु गदगद होना अप्रभभत दस्तूर

तरकीब

अनुभव मादक पररभित जायकेदार िेष्टा भवस्मय

संशय अक्तथथर प्रभतक्तथथत कोलाहल

6. हनम्नहलस्तखत प्रश्न-उत्तर को अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तिका में करें |

 क स्तखलौनेवाले की मिुर आवाज़ का बच्ों पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ता र्ा ?

उत्तर- क्तिलौनेवाले की मधुर आवाज़ सुनकर बच्चे पुलभकत हो जाते थे | बच्चे घर से

पैसे लाकर उससे मोलभाव करने लगते |वे पूछते –इसका दाम क्या है ,और इछका
औल उछका ?उससे वे मनपसंद क्तिलौने लेकर िुशी से उछलने -कूदने लगते |
ख नगर भर में मुरलीवाले के आने का समाचार क्यों फैल गया ?

उत्तर- मुरलीवाल नगर भर में मुरली बजाने में उस्ताद था |वह मुरली बजाकर ,गाना
सुनाकर मुरली बेिता ,वो भी दो-दो पैसे में |सभी को उसकी मुरली की धुन बहुत प्यारी
लगती थी |यही कारण था की नगर भर में मुरलीवाले के आने का समािार फैल गया |
ग हमठाईवाले ने अपनी क्या-क्या हवशेषताएँ बताईं ?

उत्तर-भमठाईवाले ने अपनी भवशेिताओं को बताते हुए कहा भक- भकसी समय मैं भी
शहर का प्रभतभित व्यक्ति था |मेरे पास मकान,व्यवसाय,गाड़ी-घोड़ा, नौकर-िाकर ,सभी
कुछ था |सुंदर पत्नी वह तो मेरी प्राण थी |बच्चे तो ऐसे सुंदर भक मानो सोने के जीते –
जागते क्तिलौनेऔर उनकी अठिेभलयों से पूरे घर में कोलाहल मिा रहता था |
घ हमठाईवाले को अपने व्यवसाय में पैसों के अलावा और क्या हमलता र्ा ?

उत्तर-भमठाईवाले को अपने व्यवसाय में पैसों के सुि एवं संतोि भमलता था|यूएन छोटे -
छोटे बच्चों में उसे अपने बच्चों की झलक भमल जाती थी |उसे ऐसा जान पड़ता था भक
जैसे सभी के उसके बच्चे उछल-उछलकर िेल रहे हैं |भजससे वह संतुष्ट हो जाता था |
ङ फेरीवाला गली के बच्ों से स्नेह और प्यार क्यों करता र्ा ?

उत्तर –फेरीवाले के अपने बच्चे असमय ही उसे छोडकर िले गए थे |उसका मानना था
उन्ोंने कहीं न कहीं जन्म भलया होगा | उसे गली के बच्चों में अपने बच्चे हँ सते -िेलते
हुए भदिाई दे ते थे |उसका मानना था उन्ोंने कहीं न कहीं जन्म भलया होगा | यही कारण
था भक फेरीवाला गली के बच्चों से स्नेह और प्यार करता था |

पाठ-16 केशव!यह सुयश सुयश क्या है ?(रामिारी हसंह हदनकर )

1. पाठ को ध्यानपूववक पढ़ें |
2. पाठ से संबंहित हचत्र अपनी उत्तर- पुस्तिका में बनाएँ |
3. पाठ से पंद्रह कहठन शब्द चुनकर उत्तर-पुस्तिका में हलखें |
4. पाठ में हदये गए शब्दार्व को कंठस्र् करें |
 श्री कृष्ण का हचत्र अपनी उ.-पुस्तिका में बनाएँ | पाठ से हकन्ी ं पाँच नैहतक मूल्ों
को उत्तर-पुस्तिका में हचत्र के नीचे हलखें |

5 . हनम्न शब्दों के अर्व अपनी उत्तर-पुस्तिका में हलखें | (पाठ -16 pg no -137 )
िमावहिराज ज्येष्ठ श्रेष्ठ सुयश कुलीनता हवक्रमी

सम्मान जगत हवहवि पुरुषार्व कुल चहकत

चहकत मैत्री शीतल काया नर तरुवर
खुद

6. हनम्नहलस्तखत प्रश्न-उत्तर को अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तिका में करें |

क कर्व हकस स्तस्र्हत को झठ ू -मूठ का बताता है ?

उत्तर- दु योधन से शां भत वाताु भवफल होने के बाद जब श्रीकृष्ण कणु का वास्तभवक
पररिय उनसे करवाते हैं ,भक वह सबसे ज्येि पां डव है और उसे उनके पास आने का
परामशु दे ते हैं |तब कणु कहता है भक आज जब मेरी आवश्यकता आन पड़ी तब कुल
को मेरी याद आई|वह कहता है भक उसे धमुराज का ज्येि भाई बनकर भारत का
िक्रवती सम्राट नहीं बनना इसभलए वह कुलीनता से प्राप्त मान-सम्मान को झूठ –मूठ
का बताता है |
ख हवक्रमी पुरुष की क्या पहचान है ?वह जगत में सम्मान हकस बलबूते पर पाता
है ?

उत्तर-भवक्रमी पुरुि को ख्याभत प्राप्त करने के भलए कभी भी ऊँिे कुल के नाम की
आवश्यकता नहीं पड़ती है | वह सदै व अपने ज्ञान एवं पु रुिाथु के बल पर जगत में
 सम्मान पाता है |
ग कर्व हकसे अपना िन बताता है ?और क्यों ?

उत्तर-कणु भमत्रता को अपना धन बताता है |जब गुरु द्रोणािायु ने कणु को अजुुन से

युद्ध यह कहकर करने से मना कर भदया भक वह राजकुमार नहीं है तब दु योधन ने कणु
को अंगराज घोभित कर उसे सम्माभनत जीवन जीने योग्य बना भदया |भजसके बदले
दु योधन ने उसकी भमत्रता माँ गी |कणु को उसके पररवार के द्वारा ठु करा भदया गया था
तब दु योधन ने उसके समक्ष भमत्रता का हाथ बढ़ाया |यही कारण था भक कणु उसे अपना
धन बताते हैं |
घ कुल ने कर्व के सार् कैसा व्यवहार हकया र्ा ? बाद में कुल क्या दे खकर
चहकत रह गया?

उत्तर-कुल ने कणु के साथ बहुत उपेभक्षत व्यवहार भकया था |स्वयं सूयुपुत्र और क्षभत्रय
कुल का होते हुए भी सदै व सूतपुत्र कहलाता रहा |बाद में जब वह अंगराज बना तो
एक-एक करके पृथ्वी के समस्त राज्यों को जीतकर दु योधन के िरणों में डाल भदया
|उसके बल,भवद्या ,साहस एवं पुरुिाथु को दे िकर कुल िभकत रह गया |
हहंदी भाषा
1. अनेकार्ी शब्द (अक्षर से वार तक pg.no-148-149)
2. हवलोम शब्द (अमृत से आरं भ pg. no-152-153 )

वाच्य
3. वाच्य हकसे कहते हैं ?
भक्रया के भजस रूप से यह ज्ञात हो भक भक्रया का प्रयोग कताु के अनुसार है
कमु के अनुसार है या भाव के अनुसार, उसे वाच्य कहते हैं ।

वाच्य के भकतने भेद होते हैं ?

वाच्य के तीन भेद होते हैं
करतरी, कमु , भाव
करतरी वाच्य- भजस वाक्य में कताु की प्रधानता होती है और भक्रया का प्रयोग
भलंग,विन के अनुसार होता है उसे कटर ी वाच्य कहते हैं ।
अकमुक,सकमुक दोनों प्रकार की भक्रया होती है ।
उदाहरण- मोहन पुस्तकें िरीद रहा है ।
काग़ज़ फट गई।
मैं पूजा कर रहा हं ।
कमु वाच्य- भजन वाक्यों में कमु की प्रधानता होती है ,
भक्रया का प्रयोग कमु के भलंग विन के अनुसार होता है उसे कमु वाच्य
कहते हैं ।
उदाहरण- मोहन द्वारा पु स्तकें िरीदी जा रही हैं ।
 काग़ज़ फाड़ दी गई।
मेरे द्वारा पूजा की जा रही है ।
भाव वाच्य- भजन वाक्यों में भाव की प्रधानता हो, कताु और कमु गौण हो,
भक्रया के भलंग विन का प्रयोग भाव के अनुसार हो भाव वाच्य कहते हैं ।
उदाहरण- िलो घूमने िला जाए।
वृद्ध से िला नहीं जाता।
बच्चे द्वारा ज़ोर से रोया जा रहा है ।
भाव वाच्य में सदै व अकमुक भक्रया का प्रयोग होता है ।
अभ्यास कायु
वाच्य पहिानें - तुम िल नहीं सकते।
पतंग उड़ाया जा रहा है ।
ईश्वर द्वारा सबका भला हो।
मेरे द्वारा पाठ पढ़ा जा रहा है ।
वह तो रो रहा है ।
भनदे शानुसार पररवभतुत करें -
उसे बुलाया जा रहा है ।(करटर ी)
िलो घूमने िलें।(भाव वाच्य)
अध्यापक पढ़ा रहा है ।(कमु वाच्य)
मैं गा नहीं सकता।(भाव वाच्य)
िलो िूब िेलें।(भाव वाच्य)
पाठ्य पुस्तक से वाच्य का अभ्यास करें ।

समास
4. समास हकसे कहते हैं ?
दो या दो से अभधक शब्द भमलकर जब एक नया शब्द बनता है उसे समास
कहते हैं ।
समास के भनयमों से भनभमुत शब्द को सामाभसक या समस्त पद कहते हैं ।
सामाभसक पद से पूवु भभन्न भभन्न पदों को सामाभसक भवग्रह कहते हैं ।
इस तरह समास में पूवु पद और उत्तर पद भमलाकर ही समास बनता है ,जैसे
नील गाय(समस्त पद)
नीली है जो गाय(समाभसकभवग्रह)
समास के प्रमुि भकतने भेद होते हैं ?
िार - अव्ययी भाव, तत्पुरुि, द्वं द्व, बहुव्रीभह
समास के कुल भकतने भेद होते हैं ?
तत्पुरुि के दो भेदों को भमलाकर समास के कुल छः भेद होते हैं । तत्पु रुि के
दो भेद कमुधारय और भद्वगु।
अव्ययीभाव समास- प्रथम पद अव्यय होता है ।
पूवु पद प्रधान होता है ।
भवग्रह अथु के अनुसार होता है ।
 जैसे - शक्ति के अनुसार - यथाशक्ति
जीवन भर - आजीवन
हर गली = गली- गली
तत्पुरुि - उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है ।
कारक भिन्ों का लोप होता है ।
जैसे -राजा का पुत्र= राजपुत्र
वन का राजा= वनराज
गृह में प्रवेश= गृह प्रवेश
कमुधारय- पूवु पद भवशे िण (उपमा) उत्तर पद भवशेश्य
(उपमेय)
बहुब्रीभह
पूवु पद भवशेिण (उपमा) उत्तर पद भवशेश्य(उपमेय) रहे और भवशेि अथु दे
तो बहुब्रीही समास होता है ।
भद्वगु - प्रथमपद संख्या वािी भवशेिण रहे , भद्वगु समास कहलाता है ।
अन्तर
कमुधारय समास साधारण अथु दे ता है बहुभब्रही भवशेि अथों में प्रयोग होता है ।
संख्या वािी भवशेिण रहे साधारण अथु भदिे तो भद्वगु
संख्या वािी भवशेिण रहे भवशेि अथु दे तो बहभब्रही
जैसे
पीला है जो अम्बर पीताम्बर कमुधारय
पीला वस्त्र धारण भकया है भजसने (भवष्णु ) बहुव्रीभह
िार भुजाओं का समाहार ितुभुज भद्वगु
िार भुजाएं हैं भजनकी वह (ब्रह्मा) बहुव्रीभह
द्वं द्व समास - दोनों पद प्रधान होते हैं ।
भवग्रह में दो पदों के बीि और लगा होता है ।
जैसे राजा और रानी = राजा- रानी
सुबह और शाम = सु बह - शाम

पाठ्य पुिक से समास का अभ्यास कायव उत्तर पुस्तिका में करें ।

ENGLISH
Topic:
Language- Conjunctions
Article Writing
Essay Writing
Literature- The Rehearsal (Play)
The Cube Art- An Artist’s Story (Story)
The Next Voice You Hear (Story)

Language- Conjunctions
 What is Conjunction?

Conjunctions are words used to connect sentences, words, phrases and clauses.
They are called connectors or linkers.
Examples: (a) This school is very good and the teachers are excellent.
(b) Should I take the bus or should I go by an auto rickshaw?

KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS

And, but, or are the most common conjunctions. Some other conjunctions are
words like so, for, neither, nor, still and so.
They are used to join:
 two words

Mona likes to eat bread and jam.

 Two phrases

Shivani’s cheerful nature and attractive personality help her to make friends
easily.

USE OF AND
We use and to join similar statements or facts.
We can use also, too, as well as, not only……..but also as conjunctions for the
same purpose.
Read the sentences given here.
Examples: (a) He is an intelligent and honest boy.
(b) He got ready and left for office.
(c) She ate an apple and a banana for breakfast.
USE OF BUT
We use but to state a contrast between two statements or facts. Sometimes we
use but to express opposition also.
Examples: (a) She tried her best but she could not complete the assignment on
time.
(b) He is sharp but very careless.
(c) She was invited to the party but did not attend it.
USE OF OR, OTHERWISE
We use or to express a choice between two options.
Examples: (a) She will have to pay a higher rent or vacate the house.
(b) Will you renovate the house or sell it off?
(c) She can wear the blue dress or the red one.

HOME ASSIGNMENT:-
 A. Tick the suitable conjunctions in the brackets to complete the sentences.
1. Varun went to the bookshop (and or but) bought pens.
2. Is Mr Kapoor at home (or, but, so) is he at work?
3. Anjali was invited to the wedding (therefore, but, so) did not attend it.
4. Keep the door closed (so, and, or) the dog will run out.
5. I sat near the lake (therefore, but, and) admired its beauty.

B. Use conjunctions mentioned in brackets to join the given sentences.

1. She went to the office twice. She was not able to meet him. (but)
2. He is lazy. His elder is very active. (whereas)
3. Rina can read story books. She can read biographies of great
people.(alternatively)
4. The students did not enjoy the magic show. The teacher did not enjoy the
magic show. (neither---nor)
5. He was very poor. He used to feed the beggars. (still)

C. Complete the sentences by adding conjunctions given in brackets and a

few words of your own.
1. The movie was interesting …………………………………….. . (but)
2. The village was developed ……………………………………. . (still)
3. She performed well in elocution contest ……………………………….. . (and)
4. Mother is going out with friends
………………………………………………………. . (but)
5. The boys will
……………………………………………………………………………………
…… . (either---or)

ARTICLE WRITING
An article is a long piece of composition which can be written on a variety of topics
related to sports, medicine, politics, literature, philosophy and so on.
The main idea is to provide information, ideas, opinion to the readers in a logical and
systematic manner. Articles are generally published in newspapers, magazines and
journals.

ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD ARTICLE

There are a few points which may help one to write a good article.
 First and foremost one should do good research on the topic because it will help
develop good content for the article.
 A catchy, relevant and proper headline must be selected that will grab the
attention of the reader at once and arouse his interest to read further.
 An article should essentially consist of at least three paragraphs. The first
paragraph is the introduction.
 The main body of the article may comprise one or more paragraphs and deal with
 all the details related to the topic.
 Conclusion of the article should contain a brief summary of the entire article and
it always appears at the end.

NOTE: While writing an article for a newspaper or magazine the name of the writer is
also mentioned after the heading right in the beginning or at the end.

Now, read the article given in your book and you will find that the above guidelines
have been carefully followed.
SPORTS UNITES HEARTS
by Aditya Singh (17 years)
Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-196)

HOME ASSIGNMENT:-
Write an article on EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING.

ESSAY WRITING
Essay is a written composition that presents the writer’s opinion, gives information on
any subject, or details of a narrative or a description. It consists of many paragraphs and
gives details related to the topic. Essays can be of the following types:

ANALYTICAL ESSAY
It analyses the topic by exploring various aspects and examining the relationship
between all these aspects.
Techniques of writing an analytical essay:
1. Introduce the main idea in the information.
2. Expand the idea by adding information and including examples in the successive
paragraphs.
3. Discussion can centre around various aspects of the main idea, their importance and
how they are related to each other.
4. A suitable conjunction has to be given to complete the essay.

STUDENT LIFE
Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-191)

NARRATIVE ESSAY
They tell us about the events that happened earlier. It could be any incident, event or
personal experience.
Techniques of writing a narrative essay:
1. Events should be organized in a chronological manner with the first event explained at
the beginning and gradually moving step by step towards the conclusion.
2. A narrative essay can also take the shape of a story. Therefore, appropriate words and
adjectives have to be used to make the narrative essay interesting.

AN UNFORGETTABLE MOMENT
Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-192)

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Such essays attempt to convince the reader to agree with the writer's opinion or ideas.
Techniques of writing an argumentative essay:
1. Unlike other types of essays, in an argumentative essay, the writer needs to take sides
either against or for the topic.
2. Facts or examples and related incidents must be presented in organized manner.
3. The opposing views must also be highlighted; if possible, they should be refuted.
4. Proper examples in favor of author's views have to be given so that the arguments
appear convincing.

PARENTS SHOULD CHOOSE THE CAREER PATH OF THEIR CHILDREN

Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-193)

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY
It consists of a description of something or somebody.
Techniques of writing a descriptive essay:
1. Before writing the essay the writer must decide on the different aspects of the topic
that he wants to focus on.
2. Writing a descriptive essay is like painting a picture with words and the writer must
include details to ensure that the readers gain a vivid impression.
3. It is not necessary to cover everything related to the subject in a descriptive essay.
Only the most interesting and important aspects have to be selected and included in the
essay.

A VISIT TO A BOOK FAIR

Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-194)

IMAGINATIVE ESSAY
These are essays on subjects which could be about feelings or experiences and are very
imaginative in nature. The author may have no actual experience of all that is described
in the essay.

Technique of writing an imaginative essay:

1. In such essays the writer uses imagination to compose an essay on the given topic.
2. Imagine that you live in a world where there are no countries, only a single nation.
Write an imaginative essay on your life.

A WORLD WITHOUT BOUNDARIES

Refer Fun with Grammar (Pg no.-195)

HOME ASSIGNMENT:-
Write essays on the following topics.
1. Imagine yourself to be a resident of India in the year 2050. Write about the
technological advancements that have taken place. It could be about spaceships, robots.
Be imaginative and write about your life. Give an appropriate heading.
2. The person you admire the most
3. Tuition classes are necessary---give your views
4. The incident that made me nervous

Literature- The Rehearsal (Play)

By- William Shakespeare
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616) is considered by many to be the greatest
writer in the English language. Apart from his plays, he has 154 sonnets, two long
narrative poems and several other poems to his credit. His plays have been translated
into almost all major living languages and continue to be studied, interpreted and
performed in myriad political and cultural milieus across the globe. Some of his other
great plays are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Merchant of Venice and Twelfth Night.
After his death, another great author of the age, Ben Jonson wrote,' He was not of an
age, but for all time'.

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
 This extract is from the play, A Midsummer Night's Dream.
 This is a play within the play.
 In The Rehearsal, author attempts to put a new drama and he lectures his actors
and observers with laughable instructions on the importance of what they are
doing.
 This play enraged Dryden and it is not possible to see the satire without some
political cause or effect.

REFERENCE TO CONTEXT WITH ANSWERS:-

1. 'A lover, that kills himself most gallantly for love.'
a. Who said these words to whom?
ans. Quince says these words to Bottom.
b. What was the question the speaker was responding to?
ans. Bottom had asked Quince who Pyramus was.
c. Was the listener happy to hear this answer? Support your answer with lines from the
text.
ans. Bottom seemed to be satisfied with the response.

2. 'Pray you, if it be, give it me, for I am slow of study.'

a. Who says these words to whom?
ans. Snug said these words to Quince.
b. Do you think the speaker is serious? What kind of a person does he appear to be?
ans. He does not seem to be serious as he was playing a lion and he only had to roar.
c. What is the reply to these lines?
ans. Quince says that Snug could extempore his part.
WORD MEANINGS WITH SENTENCES
1. condole: express grief; make people feel great sorrow
Kate wrote to condole with her friend on the death of her mother.
2. lamentable: sad, mournful
The institution had fallen into a state of lamentable inefficiency.

HOME ASSIGNMENT
Think and Answer
1. Peter Quince is the director of the play, but who do you think is really in charge of
this scene-Quince or Bottom? Support your answer with instances from the text.
2. Why do you think the players decide to rehearse in the middle of the night and at a
place far from the city?
Make Sentences
a. dogged
b. obscenely

Cube Art--An Artist's Story

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
 Cube Art--An Artist's Story is a biography which has been compiled
anonymously from various available encyclopedic material regarding Pablo
Picasso.
 Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and
theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.
 The author elaborates on the life of the painter and its various techniques.
 The painter discovered a phenomenal technique of painting called CUBISM.
 The author also describes the difficulties faced by the painter throughout his life.

WORD MEANINGS WITH SENTENCES

1. mural- a painting executed directly on wall
There are mural paintings of the 14th and 15th centuries.
2. prophetic- predicting the future
Her early achievements were prophetic of her future greatness.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS (WITH ANSWERS)

1. Picasso was _________ by birth.
a. French
b. Spanish
c. Italian
ans. (b) Spanish
2. The painting 'First Communion' is a __________ .
a. self-portrait
b. family portrait
c. photograph
ans. (b) family portrait
3. Cubism is an art movement founded by Picasso and ___________ .
a. George Braque
b. Jorge Brasque
c. George Brasque
ans. (a) George Braque

HOME ASSIGNMENT
Think and Answer
1. Picasso was an unconventional painter. What qualities do you think he had which
enabled him to break with tradition?
2. Do you like conventional or abstract painting? Give reasons to support your answer.

Choose the correct options to fill in the blanks.

1. A Cubist painting shows ____________ of a subject at the same time in one picture.
a. all sides
b. two sides
c. three sides
2. 'Surrealism' dismissed what was ________ in art.
a. bizarre
b. absurd
c. conventional
The Next Voice You Hear
By- George Sumner Albee
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mr. Albee was a prolific author of short stories for leading magazines. He also wrote a
number of novels, including "Girl on the Beach," published in 1953; "Three Young
Kings," a children's book, 1956; "The Boys,"1957 and his final book, "By the Sea, By
the Sea,"1960. He had started writing short stories at the age of 12.
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
 'The Next Voice You Hear' is a short story written by Sumner Albee. The story
expresses a very beautiful message in a cinematic way.
 It is about how people react when a voice takes over the radio for a week. The
voice is from an unknown source claiming to be that of God's. It preempts all
radio station and speaks to people stating that there is so much more in life than
just what are getting now.
 The emotions of the people are so beautifully expressed in the story.
 The story appeared in Cosmopolitan in 1948 and was adapted into a Metro-
Goldwyn-Mayer motion picture, released under the same title in 1950. It dealt
with the consequences of the voice heard on the radio.

WORD MEANINGS WITH SENTENCES

1. benevolent- kind
The benevolent gentleman left a further sum of $5000 to be divided among the poor.
2.serene- calm
 Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft and serene expression.

3. somber- dull
Fred's mood remained somber throughout the meal.
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BRIEFLY (WITH ANSWERS)
1. Why did God choose to speak over the radio?
ans. God chose to speak over the radio because people are used to radio broadcasts
instead of echoing voice from the sky.
2. What was Flyod's first reaction to the majestic voice heard over the radio?
ans. Flyod stood for a moment gaping. He thought Lyman had set up a microphone in
his room.
3. Why does the author refer to 'I don't know' as humble words?
ans. The author refers to the word as humble because most people were using it with
each other and they were being honest about it.
HOME ASSIGNMENT
Answer the following questions:-
1. Describe how Australia prepared itself for the one-minute dip?
2. Why did the reporters flying over Australia become incoherent?
Make sentences:-
1. obsolete
2. incoherent
3.agonising
**************

SOCIAL Ch. -8: RESOURCES

STUDIES I. Read the chapter and underline the difficult words in the textbook.
II.Quick revision 1 and 2 to be done in the textbook.
III.Write down the key words in the notebook after writing the title of the chapter and date.
IV.Do the exercises in the notebook:
1. Tick the correct options.
2. Fill in the blanks.
3. Write true and false.
4.WRITE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. What are resources?
Ans. Anything that fulfill our needs is a resource. Eg. The water we drink, the food we eat etc.
2. What is a human resource development?
Ans. Improvement in skills of humans for developing better resources is called human resource
development.
3.Define potential resources.
Ans.The resources whose quantity and quality are not known to us are called potential resources.
4.What is development?
Ans. Development means increase in the use of modern technology to enhance the living
standards of the people.

5. Differentiate between ubiquitous and localised resources.

Ans Resources that are found everywhere are called ubiquitous resources. For eg. Air, sun, water
etc. Whereas, resources that are found in specific places are called localised resources. For eg,
iron, copper etc.

5.LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1. What is conservation of resources?

Ans. The earth's surface is not even. Therefore, the distribution of resources is not same every
where. Their distribution depends upon physical factors such as soil, relief rock structure,
climate, etc. With increase in population and more urbanisation the stock of resources is being
exhausted in many places. They should be utilised with planning while keeping their renewable
period in mind. Non - renewable resources are depleting at a faster pace and might be exhausted
completely in the near future. We need
to take measures in order to conserve resources.
2. Write a short note on sustainable development .

Ans : Sustainable development means balancing the need to use resources and also conserve
them for future generation. It is a progress where we are sensitive to the needs of our future
generations.
3.What are human and human - made resources?
Ans A person who is doing something useful for the society is called a human resource. A
human effectively utilises a resource when He/she has skill, knowledge and education. These
three factors invent technology to explore and discover the resources given by the nature.
Resources created by human beings are called human made resources. Naturally obtained
resources might not be suitable for use in the form they are found in. So, they are changed into
usable form by involving human expertise.
4.Differentiate between renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
Ans Resources which are present in the nature in limited quantity are called non-renewable
resources. If they are exhausted it would take hundreds of years to be renewed again. Eg. Coal,
petroleum.
Resources which can be replenished or renewed over a period of time. They can be obtained
mechanically, physically or chemically depending upon their sources. However, if they are
utilised without planning and are used carelessly, it could lead to their scarcity. Eg. Trees.

Ch. -8: INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE

I. Read the chapter and underline the difficult words in the textbook.
II.Quick revision 1 and 2 to be done in the textbook.
III.Write down the key words in the notebook after writing the title of the chapter and
date.
IV.Do the exercises in the notebook:
1. Tick the correct options.
2. Fill in the blanks.
3. Write true and false.
4.WRITE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. List the challenges our country faced immediately after independence ?
Ans. Apart from poverty, illiteracy and poor health services, which required long term
planning, the rehabilitation of refugees of princely states, dealing with rich harvesting
areas that became the part of Pakistan were some of the major problems faced by Indian
government just after independence.
2. What are the five principles of Panch sheel?
Ans.India's foreign policy of peaceful coexistence is called Panch sheel. It is based on
the following five principles:-
1.Respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
2.Non-agression
3.Non-interference in each other's affairs
4. Equality and mutual benefit
5.Peaceful coexistence
3.What were the problems faced by the Indian government in forming states after
independence?
Ans. India had more than 550 princely States. These states had their own rulers who
were under the British control. They had option of joining India or Pakistan or stay
independent . The people wanted to join India but the ruler wanted to be in Pakistan.
4. What was the economic crisis that India faced after independence?
Ans.With the partition, major rice and wheat producing areas of India went under the
control of Pakistan. This resulted in shortage of food for Indian population.

5. What were the steps taken by the government of India following the
recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission?
Ans. Following steps were taken by the States Reorganization Commission :-
#In 1956,compact provinces of Assamese, Bengali, Priya, Tamil, Mayalam, Kannada
and Telgu speakers were formed.
#In 1960,province of Bombay was divided into two separate states-Maharashtra and
Gujarat
#In 1966,the province of Punjab was also divided into Punjab and Haryana.. In Punjab
resided Punjabi speakers who were mostly Sikhs. While in Haryana resided the people
who spoke either Hatyanavi or Hindi.

5.LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1. Describe how the constitutions of other countries have influenced the Indian
Constitution.
Ans. The constitution of India is the world's lengthiest written constitution. It constitutes
various elements from different constitutions across the world. For example, it follows
British parliamentary pattern consisting of a lower and an upper house. The
Fundamental rights are quite similar to the ill of Rights declared by the constitution of
United States. It also borrowed the concept of Supreme court from the US.
2.What are the basic features of our Constitution?
Ans. Following are the main features of our Indian Constitution :-
*Single citizenship is granted to all citizens
*Universal Adult Franchise enables every citizen above 18 years of age, to caste his/her
vote during elections without any discrimination of caste, colour, creed etc.
*parliamentary form of government was established
*Fundamental Rights guaranteed equality before law to all citizens.
*Special privileges were given to the poorest and most disadvantaged sections of society
8Directive Principles of State Policy asserted that the State shall promote the welfare of
the people.
3.Write a short note on the civil war that raged in Sri Lanka.
Ans. In 1956,the parliament of Sri Lanka introduced an act which made Sinhala as the
sole official language of the country. This act made Sinhala the medium of instruction in
all the state schools, colleges, public examinations and courts. However, Tamil speaking
minority who lived in the island, opposed this. Thus, for several decades a civil war
raged in Sri Lanka.
4.Compare the three lists mentioned in the Constitution.
Ans. The constitution of India mentions three lists containing different subjects on
which the union and state government have the power to take decisions :-
#Union list - This list includes subjects of national concern such as defence, foreign
affairs, currency, communication etc.
#State list - The state list contains subjects such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture
and irrigation.The state government makes laws on these subjects.
#Concurrent list- This list contains subjects like education, forests, trade unions,
marriage etc.
5 Describe the measures taken by the Indian government to revive it's economy after
independence?
Ans. We already know that the British rule destroyed Indian's economy. So the first task
of the government was the economic development of the country as well as to fulfil the
basic needs and wants of the people. On 15th March, 1950,Planning Commission was
setup to help make policies that would take the country towards progress and
development. The Principle of mixed economy was adopted which meant that both the
private sector and the government sector would go side by side. Employment
opportunities were increased and so was production. The First Five year plan was
presented (1951-1956)to the parliament. It's emphasis was clearly on agriculture. The
Second Five year plan(1956-1961) focused on the development of heavy industries and
building large farms. Five steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur and Rourkela were
established. Hydro-electric power projects were also started. Till date. The Five year
plans are guiding us towards

Chapter 9- THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND INDEPENDENCE

Read the chapter and underline the difficult words and also write the keyword in
the notebook.

Do Quick Revison-1 and 2.

.Do the exercises in the notebook:

1. Tick the correct options

2. Fill in the blanks.

3. Write true and false.

Answer the following questions:

1. Who were the moderates?

Ans- The members of the Congress during the first phase of the national movement
were described as Moderates.

2. Briefly explain about the Partition of Bengal.

Ans- Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India announced the Partition of Bengal. He cited
administrative reasons. The leaders felt that the motive was to curb the feelings of
nationalism in Indians ,. The people lso realized that the actulal reason was the ‘Divide
and Rule Policy’ of the British.

3. Define Swadeshi and Boycott movements.

Ans- After the Partition of Bengal, The Swadeshi and Boycott movements emerged s
effective methods of struggle against the British. Students boycotted schools and
colleges run by the British. Foreign goods were burnt down and use of Swadeshi goods
were encouraged.

4. What were the adverse effects of First World War faced by India?
Ans- The effects were:
1.Taxes were increased in India because the participation in war meant huge expenses
and an increased defence budget for the British.
2.Prices increased between 1914-1918 because of the demans of war supplies. The
common man suffered the most.
3.Villagers were forced to join the British army.

5. What is Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?

Ans- On 13th April, 1919 a peaceful public meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh,
Amritsar, to protest against the arrest of Dr Satya Pal and Dr Saifudin Kitchlew. The
Jallianwala Bagh was walled and had a single exit. General Dyer blocked the exit and
ordered the troops to open fire with the intention of killing the people and develop a
feeling of fear among the masses. In this massacre thousands perished and many more
were injured. It is one of the most ghastly incident in the history of human civilization.

6. Which factors are responsible for raising the feeling of nationalism?

Ans- The factors responsible are:
1.The British didnot allow to travel in the same railway coaches with them.
2.Indians were debarred from entering some public places.
3.Many Indians who were artisans, craftsmen and weavers were ruined by competition
from foreign machine-made cheaper goods.
4.Indians were restricted from getting high posts in governments and were not promoted
beyond a certain post.
5.Peasants were forced to grow indigo, cotton, etc. to supply raw materials to the British
industries in England.

7. How did the Indian National Congress formed?

Ans- The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over
the country met at Bombay in December 1885. The INC was the first national
movement of a political kind in India with the initial aim of getting more Indians
involved in the governance of the country. Later on, its purpose upgraded to complete
independence. And, post-independence, it emerged as a major political party in the
country.

8. Explain about the Radicals and their ideologies.

Ans- The Radicals were opposed to the politics of prayers” followed by the Moderates
within the Congress. They explored more radical objectives and methods. They
emphasised the importance of self reliance and constructive work. They argued that
people must rely on their own strength, not on the good” intentions of the government.
They believed that people must fight for swaraj.

9. Explain the Non-Cooperation movement.

Ans- In September 1920, at the Calcutta session, Gandhiji launched the non-violent,
Non-cooperation Movement, urging Indians not to cooperate with the British and
defined swaraj as th ultimate aim. The movement had the following aims:
1.To redress the wrongs done to Punjab and Turkey.
2.To attain swaraj for the people of India by all legitimate and peaceful means.

10. What is Civil disobedience movement?

Ans- The Salt Satyagraha was a huge civil disobedience movement initiated by
Mahatma Gandhi against the salt tax imposed by the British government in India.
Gandhi led a large group of people from Sabarmati Ashram on 12th March 1930 till
Dandi, a coastal village in Gujarat, to break the salt law by producing salt from seawater.
This movement marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

NOTE: Read the chapter and find out the answers of the exercises A, B AND C( pg- 106
and 107). Also find the answers of Quick Revision -1( pg- 99) and 2 (pg-105)-WRITE
THE ANSWERS IN THE BOOK.
Chapter 6- Human Resource
Read the chapter and underline the difficult words and also write the keyword in
the notebook.

Do Quick Revison-1 and 2.

.Do the exercises in the notebook:

3. Tick the correct options

4. Fill in the blanks.

3. Write true and false.

Short answer questions

1. Define immigration.

Answer:
When a person enters a new country it is termed as immigration.

2.What does Emigrations mean?

Answer:
Emigration means when a person leaves a country.

3.Why are people considered a resource?

Answer:

People are the greatest resource of the

nation since they can make the best use of nature to create more resources
when they have the knowledge, skill and technology to do so. It is people with
their demands and abilities that help in extracting the usefulness of all other
resources.
4.What is meant by population composition?
Answer:

Population composition refers to the structure of the population of a particular

region. It helps us to know the number of males or females in the population,
their age, qualification, occupations, income status and health conditions.
5. Why population is unevenly distributed all over the world?

Ans.When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated.

Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies
of natural resources and fertile land.

Long answer questions:

 1. What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about
the population of a country?
Answer: The graphical representation used to study the composition of a
country’s population is called the population pyramid. It shows the total
population divided into various age groups, percentage of the total population
subdivided into males and females and the number of dependents in a country.
When the population of a country has high birth and death rates, the population
pyramid is broad at the base and narrow towards the top.

2.Briefly describe the factors affecting distribution of population.

Ans-The main factors which affect the distribution of population are

geographical, social, cultural and economic factors.
Geographical Factors: Topography, climate, soil, water, minerals are the
geographical factors. People prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and
plateaus. People like to live in moderate climates than extremely hot or
extremely cold climates. People prefer fertile soil areas for agriculture. Areas
with the availability of fresh-water and mineral deposits are densely populated.
 Social, Cultural and Economic Factors: Areas of better housing, education,
health facilities are more densely populated. Places with religious or cultural
significance attract people. Industrial areas provide employment
opportunities. A large number of people are attracted to these areas.
3.What is meant by the term population density and what is the average density
of population in whole world and in India?

Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s
surface. It is normally expressed as per sq km. The average density of
population in the whole world is 51 persons per sq km. and the average
density of population in India is 382 persons sq km. South Central Asia has
the highest density of population.

4.Define the following:

Birth rate
 Death rate
Migrations
Life expectancy

Answer:

Birth Rate: Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the number of
live births per 1,000 people.

Death Rate: Deaths are usually measured using the death rate, i.e. the number
of deaths per 1,000 people.

Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.

Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person can expect
to live.

SANSKRIT पाठ 17 मवद्याया: बुमिरुत्तमा

शब्दाथथ- मवद्याया:, ित्वार:,पारं गता,मिर ममत्रम पशुवत कु त्रामप,रूमिरम, उक्तम्
ऄभ्यास 1,2,3,7

पाठ 20 सुभामषतामन(याद करें एवं उत्तर पुमततका में मलखें।)

ऄनुच्छेद लेखन
उद्यानाम
सुन्दर वातावरण युक्तम् उद्यानं तु बालानां वृिानां कृ ते वरप्रसादमेव। ग्रामेषु गृहतय
पृष्ठतः उद्यानम् द्रष्ु ं शक्यते। तत्रैव जनाः शाकामन फलामन नाररके ल वृक्षान् ि
रोपयमन्त। नगरे षु ऄमप उद्यानामन मनमीयन्ते।
राष्ट्रमपता महात्मा गांधी पर संतकृ त में 10 वाक्य मलखें।(पाठ्य पुततक से मदद लें)
शब्द रूप धातु रूप पाठ्य क्रम के ऄनुसार कं ठतथ करें ।

COMPUTE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

R SC
KEY SHORTCUTS
1. <Html> To start a document
2. <Title> To insert the name of the web page
3. <p> Paragraph tag
4. <b> Bold
5. <i> Italic
6. <u> Underline
7. <br> Break element
8. <hr> Horizontal line
9. <Font> For formatting font
10. <ol> ordered list
11. <ul> unordered list
12. <li> list item
13. <Table> Insert table
14. <TR> Table Row tag
15. <TD> Table Data tag
16. <TH> Table header
17. <img> Insert image
18. <a> anchor tag
19. <marquee> Moving text message
20. <heading> To format heading style
FULL FORMS

1. INTERNET- International network

2. ARPANET - Advanced research project agency network
3. ISOC – Internet society
4. ISP – Internet service provider
5. URL – Uniform resource locator
6. WWW- World wide web
7. E-mail- Electronic mail
8. HTTP- Hypertext transfer protocol
9. HTML- Hypertext mark-up language
10. IIS- Indian institute of Science
11. MIPS- Million instruction per second
12. CASE- Computer added software engineering
13. TCP/IP- Transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol
14. ASCII- American standard code for information interchange
15. COBOL- Common business oriented language
16. AC- Alternate current
17. DC- Direct current
18. FTP – File Transfer Protocol
19. FAT – File Alocation Table
20. ISO – International Standard Organisation

ANSWER IN ONE WORD OR SENTENCE

1. What are the 2 types of Web designing software’s? Give one example of each.
Ans. WYSIWYG:google web Text editor:Notepad
2. What is the default file extension of any HTML file?
Ans. .html
3. How many types of tags are there in HTML?
Ans. 2 tags.opening and closing.
4. Which element is used to change the size, style, colour of the text on the web pages?
Ans. font tag.
5. What are the default values of cell padding and cell spacing?
Ans. cell padding:1 cell spacing: 2
 6. What type of element is <LI> tag?
Ans. container element.
7. What are the default types of ordered and unordered list?
Ans. Unordered list uses bullets and ordered list uses alphabets and numbers.
8. Which tag displays moving text message on the background of a web page?
Ans. marquee
9. Which attribute sets the margin within a cell?
Ans. cell padding.
10. Name 2 attributes of the <body> tag.
Ans. <OL> <UL>
11. In how many ways can colours be specified in HTML?
Ans. three ways
12. Which symbol is used to show the flow of logic in a Flowchart?
Ans. Arrow line.
13. Which symbol is used to indicate Input/output in a Flowchart?
Ans. parallelogram
14. Which symbol is used to indicate processes/actions in a Flowchart?
Ans. Rectangle
15. Which symbol is used to in a situation which demands to choose either Yes/No in a
Flowchart?
Ans. diamong
16. Name 2 types of network depending on geographical area covered.
Ans. PAN,LAN
17. Which protocol defines common set of rules and signals that computers on network us?
Ans. TCP/IP
18. Give one example of Wireless LAN.
Ans. wi-fi
19. Name one device that connects wireless communication devices to form a wireless
network.
Ans. bluetooth
20. Name the types of Network depending on architecture.
Ans. peer to peer and client server.
21. Name the two levels of Network security.
Ans. firewall and email gateways.
22. What is the computer that provides services to the client called?
Ans. Server.
23. What do we call the computers which are connected to the server?
Ans. Workstation.

GK 51. Record Breakers

Let's take a quick quiz and answer the following:

1. Fastest women to row solo across Atlantic after 50 day at sea:

Kiko Mathew
2. The sailor broke the record of sailing all around the globe, and completing
his entire journey:
 Francois Gabart
3. Francois Gabart completed his journey in:
42 days 16 hours
4. A three-time winner of the London Marathon ( 2002, 2003, 2005), three
time New York Marathon champion (2004, 2007, 2008), and 2002 Chicago
Marathon winner. She still holds the Women's World Record time of
2:15:25 for the marathon.
Paula Radcliffe
5. He completed the incredible 2200 push up in an hour, smashing his own
previous record of 1874 and achieved all this with his major shoulder
injury.
Carlton Williams
6. A heart like a Rolls Royce engine who broke the record for running a mile
at Iffley Road, Oxford:
Roger Bannister
7. With 95 wins in the Biathlon World Cup, he holds the men's record for
most individual victories:
Norwegian

52. All About Paralympics

Let's take a quick quiz:

1. Which country topped the table in 2012 with 231 medals, including 95 golds
?
China

2. How old was Ellie Simmonds when she won the gold medal in 2008 in
Beijing ?
13

4. The first Paralympic Games took place in:

1976

5. The city in which the Paralympic games took place is:

Rome
 6. The word Paralympic comes from para and:
Olympic

7. The International Paralympic Committee was founded as an International

Non-Profit Organisation on:
22 September 1989

53. National Sports of the World

Match the following games with its associated country:
a. USA
b. Argentina
c. India
d. Japan
e. Canada
f. Russia
g. Brazil
h. Spain
i. Bangladesh
j. Great Britain

DRAWING Topic- children playing in the park

Complete this drawing in your school drawing copy.
Dr. Rachana Nair
Director Academics