Codes and Standards Interior Design
Lecture-4
Unit-2 Codes for Lighting
What is Light?
• Light is that part of the
electromagnetic spectrum
that is perceived by our
eyes. The wavelength range
is between 380 and 780
nm.
Sources of Light
• There are two major source of light:
• Natural Daylight:
Daylighting is the controlled admission of natural
light, direct sunlight, and diffused-skylight into a
building to reduce electric lighting and saving energy.
• Light from artificial sources:
Artificial light sources are other sources of light
which developed to compensate for or assist the
natural light.
Sources of Light
These artificial light sources include:
• Incandescent lamp.
• Compact fluorescent lamp.
• Fluorescent tube.
• Discharge lamps.
• Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Technical Terminologies
• Lumen or Luminous Flux (Φ)
LUMINOUS FLUX measures how
much light you are getting from a
bulb. More lumens means it's a
brighter light; fewer lumens
means it's a dimmer light.
Denoted by ‘LUMEN’
• LUMEN EFFICACY
Luminaire Efficacy is the ratio of
lumens to power. Denoted by in
’LUMENS PER WATT.’
Technical Terminologies
• Lumen or Luminous Flux (Φ)
LUMINOUS FLUX measures how
much light you are getting from a
bulb. More lumens means it's a
brighter light; fewer lumens
means it's a dimmer light.
Denoted by ‘LUMEN’
• LUMEN EFFICACY
Luminaire Efficacy is the ratio of
lumens to power. Denoted by in
’LUMENS PER WATT.’
Technical Terminologies
• ILLUMINANCE (E)
ILLUMINANCE is a measure of how much
luminous flux (lumen) is spread over a given area
Measured as LUX (symbol:lx).
Remember: luminous flux as a measure of the
total "amount" of visible light present, the
Illuminance is a measure of the intensity of
illumination on a surface.
Illuminance ( Lux ) =
Luminous Flux (Lumen) / area (sq. mtr.)
Technical Terminologies
• LUMINOUS INTENSITY (I)
The luminous intensity describes the
quantity of light that is radiated in a
particular direction. This is a useful
measurement for directive lighting
elements such as reflectors. It is
represented by the luminous intensity
distribution curve (LDC).
Measured as Candela (symbol:cd).
It is represented by the luminous
intensity distribution curve (LDC).
Technical Terminologies
DAYLIGHTING:
• Daylighting is more than
just adding skylights or
windows to a particular
space.
• It is a balance of heat gain
and loss carefully with glare
control and variation in
availability of daylight.
Technical Terminologies
DAYLIGHTING:
• The art & science for
daylight is about how to
provide enough natural
light to an occupied space
without any undesirable
side effect.
• Successful daylighting is
about the use of shading
device to reduce excess
contrast & glare in the
workspace.
Technical Terminologies
DAYLIGHTING:
• The day light can reduce
the usage of artificial
lighting. This process is
known as daylight
harvesting.
• Daylight factor is used in
building design in order to
assess the natural lighting
level as received on the
working plane.
Technical Terminologies
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
• Daylight factor (DF) is a metric that
measures the amount of daylight available
in a building by comparing the amount of
light inside a structure to the amount of
light outside.
• DF = Ei / Eo x 100%, where:
• Ei: is the illuminance produced by daylight
on the interior work plane
• Eo: is the simultaneous exterior illuminance
on a horizontal work plane from an
unobstructed view of the sky
Technical Terminologies
• To get the value of illumination in an outdoor
space for calculating the daylight factor, you
need to determine the horizontal illuminance
on a clear overcast sky at your specific
location, typically using either climate data,
specialized software, or a dedicated
daylighting calculation tool that takes into
account factors like latitude, weather
conditions, and sky conditions, and provides
the outdoor illuminance value in lux
Technical Terminologies
There are three possible paths along
which light can reach a point inside a
room through glazed windows. They are:
• Sky Component (SC): Light from visible
at the point considered.
• Externally Reflected Component (ERC):
Light reflected from opposing exterior
surfaces and then reached the point.
• Internally Reflected Component (IRC):
Light entering through the window but
reaching the point only after reflection
from internal surfaces.
Technical Terminologies
• The sum of the three components
gives the illuminance level (Lux) at
the point considered as:
• DF at a point= SC + ERC + IRC
• SC – Sky Component
• ERC – Externally Reflected
Component
• IRC – Internally Reflected Component
