Relative Atomic Masses

Sodium (Na)=23.0
Carbon (C) = 12.0
Oxygen (O) =16.0

1Faraday=96000C
Molar volume of a gas at r.t.p is 24000cm3
Avogadro constant = 6.02x1023
Specific Heat Capacity of water = 4.2Jg-10C-1

SECTION A:Answer ALL Questions In This Section.

I. The following table concerns some elements A-F. These letters are not the usual symbols of
the elements.

Elements A B C D E F

Atomic Number 19 6 8 16 10 12
(a) Select from A to F
(i) An element with the most stable electronic structure: ……………………………………....
(ii)Two elements that belong to the same group. ………………………………………………
(iii)An element that forms ions by loss of 2 electrons…………………………………………..
(iv)An element that would ld be classified first on the Periodic Table. ....................... (4 marks)
(b)Using only the letters, write
(i)The formula of the compound formed between A and C.

.............. ........................................................ .'......................'.........................../........................................

(ii)An equation for the reaction between B and chlorine

………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks)
(c)Using electron-dot and cross diagrams only, show how bonding takes place in the
compound formed between B and D-
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………(3marks)
(d)Select an element which could be extracted by electrolysis of its molten salt

………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
Total 10 marks
2.Air is a mixture of elements and compounds.
(a)What is a mixture?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.………………..……………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the following table to give the composition of air.

Elements in air Compounds in air

(2marks)
(c)Identify one other compound that is naturally introduced into the air by the action of
lightening
………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
(e)Acid rain is becoming a major environmental problem i n areas with polluted air.
(i)Identify one pollutant i n air that causes acid rain. ..................................................................
(i i) State one environmental hazard caused by acid rain............................................................. (2marks)
(f).Greenhouse effect is responsible for global l warming. Name one gas in polluted air
which is a major cause of greenhouse effect and state its source.
Gas.....................................................................................................................................................
Source............................................................................................................................... (2marks)
Total marks
3.Crude oil or petroleum i s a mixture of hydrocarbons .whose fractions can be separated by

physical means.
Heavier and higher boiling point fractions can be cracked to give l lighter fractions.
(a) What is a hydrocarbon

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 Mark)
(b) (i). Name the method used to separate the components of crude oil.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 Mark)
(ii) Which principle is employed in this separation technique?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)

(c) (i) Define cracking

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(i i). Write an equation to illustrate cracking

…………………………………………………………………………. (2 marks)

(d) C3H8 and C3H6 are two organic compounds which belong to different homologous series.
(i) Identify the homologous series in each case:

C3H 6 ..................................................................................................................................................
C3Hs ...........................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe a chemical test that can be used to distinguish between C3Hs and C3H6
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………...(4 marks)
(e) Give one environmental hazard of burning hydrocarbons.
…………………………………………………………………….………………………….. (1mark)

Total 10marks
4. The following reagents are used in the laboratory and in the industry: Bromine water, acidified
BaCh, NaOH (aq), AgN03 (aq), Ca(OH)2(aq), Na2S04(aq), washing soda.
(a)Select a reagent that would be used to.
( i ) Show the presence of bromide ions, an impurity in town water supply.............................................
(ii) Identify sulphate ions in solution ....................................................................................................
(iii) Distinguish between ethene and ethane.............................................................................................

(iv)Detect the presence of Fe2+ ions in impure water................................................................................

v) Test for carbon dioxide gas....................................................................................................................
(5 marks)
(b)One of the reagents is used for water treatment.
(i) Identify the reagent....................... .............................................................................................
(ii) State its function ......................................................................................................................................
.................................... .............................................. .................................................................... (2 marks)
(c)Two of the reagents are commonly used in the laboratory to prepare an insoluble salt.
(i)Identify the two reagents
1. ..............................................................................'.............................. ..............................:...............
2. ·.......................................................................... .................................................................................
(ii)Write an equation for the formation of the salt
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………....................
(iii) How would you obtain a pure, dry sample of the salt?
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
Total 10 marks

5. A current of l.5A is passed through potassium hydroxide solution for one hour thirty minutes
using inert electrodes. ·
(a) Draw a simple electrolytic cell used.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(2 marks)
(b) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed in coulombs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(2 marks)
(c)(i) Identify the gases produced at each electrode
Cathode: ................................................. ............. Anode: ……………………………………………………
(ii) Write equations for the reactions at the electrodes.
Cathode: ............................................................:.................................................................................................
Anode:........................................................................................................................................................:................
( 3 marks)
(d)When the gases produced at each electrode are ignited, a reaction occurs. Write an equation for the
reaction.
..................................................................................................................:................................................(1 mark)
(e) State one industrial application of electrolysis .
................................................................................................................................................................................. (1 mark)
Total 10 marks
6.This question is on the rates of chemical reactions.
Consider equations 1, 2 and 3 below:
1. CaC03(s) + 2HCI (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + H20(I) + C02(g)
 2. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3 (g).

3. 2NaOH (aq) + H2S04 (aq) Na2S04 (aq) + 2H20 (1)

(a)Define "rate of a reaction"
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1 mark)
(b) List any four factors that will affect the rates of the reactions above.
(1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...(2 marks)
(c) State and briefly explain any two things that can be done to increase the rate ofreaction 1 above.
1...............................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Explanation: ......................................................................................................................................... ..........
2 : ......................................................... ............................:.........................:..................................................
Explanation: ................................................................................................................ .................................

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(4 marks)
(d) Which of the factors that affect rates of reactions will affect reaction 2 but not reaction 3?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)
Briefly describe how the gas produced in reaction can be identified.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)
Total 10 marks