Unit Geometry — Loci and Simple wD Construction — 1. The diagonal AC of a square ABCD is drawn in the answer space: (a) Construct accurately (i) the square ABCD, ide the square (ii) the isosceles triangle ABE, with AE = BE = 6:5 cm, and E outsi c A (b) Measure CE. (J2000/1/21) Answer the whole of this question on a sheet of plain paper (a) Draw a quadrilateral ABCD in which the base 4B = 10 cm, BAD = 82°, AD = 72 em, ABC = 105° and ABC = 75°, Measure and write down the length of 4c (b) On your diagram, draw the locus of all the points within the quadrilateral which are (i) equidistant from 4 and B, (ii) equidistant from 4 and D. (c) Mark the point # where these two lines meet, Measure and write down the Iknath of AE (@) On your diagram, draw the locus ofall points whose distance from E is equal to AE. (e) A point P lies in the quadrilateral and is such that P is nearer to B than A and P is nearer to D than 4. On your diagram, shade the region of the quadrilateral in which P must lie, (N2000/2/¢ (7D)13. The diagram, drawn to a scale of 1 km, shows two towns A and B which are 10 km apart. (a) Another town C is known to be 1 equidistant from 4 and B. UH not more than 6:§ km from A. (i) Use 1 and 11 to construct the locus of possible positions of ine town C. (ii) Find the two extreme pasitions of this locus and label them C, and Cy (by a sroigh Toad XBY goes thtouzh town 8. On this road, town fis the closest point to own (i) Draw and label. the road NBY Scale | em te tm oe (ii) Measure, and write down, the bearings ot Y and ¥ from 8. (32001/1/22) 4. The diagram below is the scale drawing of a field In the drawing, | em represents 10 m. P (2) Express the scale in the form | : » (b) Treasure is buried in the field. It is known that the treasure is 1 within 60 m of C, II nearer to 4 than C, IML equidistant from 48 and 4C. Use I, Il and III to construct the locus of possible positions of the treasure. Find the extreme positions of this locus and label them T, and T, (Diagram has been reduced by 50%) (N2001/1/23) (7D)25. The diagram below is the scale drawing of a garden. In the drawing, 1 cm represents I m. (@) Express the scale in the form 1 : 1. (b) A tree is to be planted in the garden. The tree has to be 1 within 8 m of Q, Il nearer to S'than R, 4 Po. ml juidistant from PS an . of ‘Use I, II be III to construct the locus of possible positions of the tree. Find the extreme positions ofthis lous and label them T and Th ’ (Diagram has been reduced by 50%) (int'l Exam N2001/1/23) 6. Inthe diagram in the answer space, 7C, TD and AB are straight lines. (@) Construct the locus of the points which are | equidistant from 7C and 7D. (b) Construct the locus of the points which are equidistant from 4 and B. (©) The two loci meet at P. AB is a chord of a circle, centre P, Draw the circle. (42002/1/15) Tr (7D)3 Nii .‘7. Three 'shops;.4, Band'C are such that B is 800 m:due South. ra of A and such that C is 1600 m from B on a bearing of 120°, A map is being drawn to a scale of 1 cm to 200-m:The positions of 4, B and C are shown below. Another shop, D, is 1200 m from C on a bearing of 057°. (@) ‘Complete the map to show the position of D. (b) A new shop is to be built I equidistant from B and C, TI nearer to BC than BA, III at least 1200 m from C. aA Using ruler and compasses only, construct 3 loci corresponding to I, II and III. Hence find where the shop could be built and label the extreme positions S and P. (N2002/1/22) 8 Triangle ABC is drawn below. (@) Measure angle ABC. (b) The point D is below AC where AD is 12 cm and CD is 9 em. Using ruler and compasses only, complete the construction of triangle ADC on the diagram in the answer space. (©) The region, S, lies within the quadrilateral ABCD. . Points in S'are I nearer to C than A, II more than 8 cm from B, IIT nearer to BA than BC. 4 c Using ruler and compasses only, use conditions I, II and III to construct appropriate loci. Hence shade the region S. (N2003/1/24) Triangle ABC is drawn below. (a) Measure angle ABC. (b) The point D is below AC where AD is 7.5 em and CD is 9 em. Using ruler and compasses only, complete the construction of triangle ADC on the diagram in the answer space. (©) The region, 5, lies within quadrilateral ABCD. Points in S are I nearer to C than A, II less than 6 cm from B, III nearer to AC than AB. \ditions I, I and III to construct appropriate loci. Hence shade the region S. Wee soncrice " (Int’| Exam N2003/1/23) (7D)4of coastline. and a.beacon on a) section 10. The diagram in the answer space is a.map showing land. i E ae ea Fishing boats can only operate ‘when ae ioe 1 not more than 6.5 kin el . jy mest ORE ‘sale fh ; vis nee 1 km, Construct... the, boun a The scale of the map | ke fishing can take place. Label this region F Sea Coastline Land Beacon (12004/1/20) 11. In triangle ABC, AB = 15 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 11 cm. The side AB is drawn in the answer space.(next page) (a) Using ruler and compasses only, complete the triangle (b) Measure the largest angle of the triangle. (6) Using ruler and compasses only, draw the locus of all points within the triangle that are @ 5 om from C Gi) equidistant from BA and BC. (4) The point P, within the triangle, is such that PC = 5 cm and | P is equidistant from BA and BC, i Label the point P and measure the distance PA (7D)54 B (The line has been reduced by 20%) | (N2004/1/24) 12, In triangle PLO, PL = 14 cm, PQ=10 cm and LQ=7 cm. The line PL is drawn in the answer space (below). (@) Using ruler and compasses only, complete triangle PLO where Q is above PL. (b) Measure and write down por . (© Draw a semicircle with PL as diameter. The line LQ produced meets the semicircle at M. Measure and write down the length of OM. (@) (Explain why PM is perpendicular to LM, (i) Hence write down the value of cos POL (2005/1224) (7D)613. The diagram below is a scale drawing representing three coastguard stations, 4, B and C. 2 In the drawing, | cm represents 20 km. the scale in the form 1:1. (a) @ Express distance between the coastguard stations A and B. (i) Find the () It is known that a ship is 1 equidistant from CA and CB, I nearer to C than A, MI less than 200 km from B. Using ruler and compasses only, construct 3 loci corresponding to 1, II and IIL i, Man Hence find the possible positions of the shi ; ene ship and label the extreme positions S N2005/1/23) (7D)714, A map is. drawn using a scale of 1 cm to $m. The position of 4 is shown below. (@) The point B is 70m due East of A. Draw the line representing AB. (b) The point C is North of AB and equidistant from A and B. Angle BAC= 40", (By drawing appropriate lines, find and label the point C. (i) Find the actual distance AC. (iii) State the size of the reflex angle BAC. (12006/1/22) 15, The diagram on the next page is a map showing a coastline ABC, a lighthouse L and a point P. The map is drawn to a scale of 1cm to 100m. Ships must not sail within 200 m of the coastline nor within 200m of the lighthouse. (@) Construct the locus of points 200 m from the lighthouse L, (b) Construct the locus of points 200m from the coastline ABC. (7D)8SYK NAO uns. OS wN SEA = North 1 ' 1 ' ' t 1 4 P SEA SEA (©) Two ships sail from point P on bearings of 64° and 0,° such that 9, - 0,210. Both ships passed between B and Z without breaking the 200 m limits Find one possible pair of values for 0, and 0,. N2006/1/23) (7D)916. rae ies 8 sno sini Smee fran ath ro caerantb (@) Express this scale in the form 1. : (b) The plan was made by measuring aneles from. two poins, and. B50 apart. The line 4B is drawn to scale in the answer space below. @ A tee is at the point 7 in the field. ’ BAT'=35" and ABT S39") ee . 3 Locate and label 7 on the plan. Gi) Given that 4 is due west of B, state the beanng “of 7: from’B. Gil) By raking an appropriate measurement, find the actual distance. in ‘metres, of the tree from B. (32007/120) (7p)1017. The diagram on the next page shows a triangle ABC. (a) By measuring an angle, find reflex angle ACB. (b) The point D is on the opposite side of AC to B. AD = 6 cm and CD = 9em. Construct triangle ACD. (©) On the diagram, construct the locus of points, are 1 equidistant from 4 and C, Ml Sem from the line AB, (@) The point P is inside quadrilateral ABCD, equidistant from A and C, Sem from the line 4B. (i) Mark and label the position of P. (i) Measure CP. inside the quadrilateral ABCD, which N2007/1/25) (7D) 11eer eae ie metal aR ty The diagram below shows the positions of two villages A, and, B on, the map. @ @ Write the scale in the form line (i Find the actual distance, in kilometres, between the’ villages A and B. North (b) A third village, C, lies north of the line AB. It is 21 km from 4 and 18 km from B. Using ruler and compasses only, construct triangle ABC. (c) Construct the perpendicular bisector of AB. (@) A petrol station is to be built so that it is equidistant from A and B and 9 km from e: Mark with letters F and G the two possible positions of the petrol station, (2008/1723) (7D) 1219, 7 ‘4 AA family wants to move 10 n new house, sitions of the’ children’s school, The area where they are going to look depends S, the father’s place of work, and the market, M. za ome The diagram in the answer space (next page) is drawn to a scale of a 't shows the positions of S F and M. The house needs to be: 1 within 4km of the children's school, I nearer to the market than to the father’s place of work. (@) Use I and Il to construct the appropriate loci. (©) Shade the region of your diagram that represents the possible positions of the house, (©) Find the greatest possible distance between the house and the market. Scale cm to Ikm oF oS (N2008/1/13) (7D) 13North (@) Wrne the scale in the fom tin (>) C is due west of B and on 2 bearing of 210° from A. Find and label the position of C. (0) D lies north of the line AB. The triangle ABD is equilateral. Using ruler and compasses only, construct triangle ABD. Show your construction arcs clearly. (G) The bearing of E from A is the same as the bearing of B from A. Given that AB : AE = 3 : 5, find and label the position of E. (320091723) (7D) 14i towns, F and'G « 21, The seale drawing below shows the positions of 10 con It is drawn to a scale of !em to 3 km. meee North North @ Find (@ the distance, in kilometres, between towns F and G, (i) the bearing of G from F. (b) Town H is to the North of the line FG, It is 19.5 km from F and 15 km from G. On the diagram above, find and label the position of H, (N2009/1/16) (7D) 1522, A map is drawn to a scale of 1m to Skm. The diagram below shows the positions of two radio masts A and B on the map. North (@) A third radio mast, C, is north of the line AB. It is 40 km from A and 50 km from B. Using ruler and compasses, construct triangle ABC. (b) A house D, inside the triangle, is more than 35 km from B and closer to B than to A. Shade the region on your diagram that represents the possible positions of the house D. 2010/1726) (7D)1623. Answer this question on a new page. A and B are two coastguard stations with A due north of B. On your new blank page, mark A in a position near the top right and comer, as shown in the diagram, (@) The distance between 4 and B is 140 km. Using a scale of 1 cm to 10 km, (@ mark the position of B and draw the line AB, (i) construct the locus of the point west of AB that are (a) equidistant from 4 and B, () 90 km from B. (b) A ship, S, lies to the west of AB and is I nearer to A than B, Tl within 90 km of B. On your diagram, shade the region in which the ship is situated, (©) It-is also known that the bearing of the ship from A is 204°, © On your diagram, mark the two extreme postion, 5, and S,, of the ship. Gi) Measure the angle $,BS,, i) The bearing of the ship from B is x°. Find the least possible value of x. (201026) 24, The diagram below shows the quadrilateral PORS. Ls @) On the diagram, construct (the bisector of so, (i) the perpendicular bisector of OR (b) On the diagram, shade the region inside the quadrila- teral containing the points that are closer to PQ than to PS and nearer to Q than to R. (2011/1/18) (7D) 1725; The diagram on next page: shows triangle. ABC. . a th (@) The point D is on the opposite side of AC to B. Hz AD=6 cmand CD=8 cm. Construct triangle ADC. () On the diagram, construct the locus of points inside the quadrilateral ABCD that are @ 25cm from AC, Gi) equidistant from AB and BC. (©) The points P and @ are 2.5cm from AC and equidistant from AB and BC. Mark and label P and Q. Measure PQ. (N2011/1/26) (7D) 18dX, drawn to.a scale of 1 om 26. The scale diagram shows the position of two hotels; 17 an : to Skm. North North j } @) Find, by measurement, the bearing of W from X. (©) Hotel ¥ is 40 km from W and 37 km from X. Given that Y is the furthest south, construct the position of Y on the diagram. (©) The bearing of hotel Z from W is 072° and Z is due North of X. By making an accurate drawing, mark the position of Z on the diagram, Find the actual distance, in kilometres, between Z and X, (J2012/2/4) 27. (b) P (7D) 19PORS is a parallelogram. OT is the bisector of POR and, POP =338, 8) "8 ee 2 @ Giving a reason for your answer, find @ ofR, ) sg, Gi) On the diagram, construct the locus of points i which are 1 4m from Ps, TM Sem from & ide the parallelogram PORS ii) The point Vis inside PQRS, less than 4cm from PS, less than 5 cm from R, nearer to OR than PQ. Shade the region containing the possible positions of V. _92012/2/11(b)) 28 The diagram at the bottom of the page shows the lines AB and BC. (@) Measure ABC. (©) The point D is above AB AD and CD are each equal to AB. On the diagram, construct quadrilateral ABCD. (©) On the diagram, construct the locus of points, inside the quadrilateral ABCD, that are @ 70m from C, i) equidistant from AB and BC. (d) These two loci meet at the point P Label the point P on the diagram and measure DP ‘ (N2012/127) (7D)20jangle ABC. mame 2. The diagram below shows wangle ABC: jy ee Tad ® Stade a re tt ee te triangle containing points that : le the 5 and more than 6 cm from C. A 2013/1/12) 30. The scale diagram shows the positions, A and B, of two buoys. B is due South of A and AB = 1500 m, A (7D)21| (@) Write down the scale of the diagram. () A third buoy is positioned at C which is due East of & and ‘800 from A. Mark the position of C on the diagram. (© Caleulate the actual distance BC. Give your answer correct to the nearest metre. (@ A boat travels from C to 4 at an average speed of x ms. A second boat travels from B to A at an average speed 1 m/s faster than the first boat. It takes the first boat 1 minute longer to reach A than the second boat. Write down an equation in x and show that it simplifies to x? -4x-30=0. (©) Solve x°-4x-30=0, giving each answer correct to two decimal places. (0 How long did it take the first boat to reach 4? Give your answer in seconds (J2013/2/8) |. The diagram at the bottom of the page shows triangle ABC. (@) Measure BAC. (b) On the diagram, construct the locus of points, inside the triangle ABC, that are () equidistant from 4 and B, (©) These two loci meet at the point 2 Label the point P on the diagram and measure CP. N2013/1/24) (7D) 22ith B due north of 4, 32. The scale drawing shows three airfields, 4. B and C, wi The scale is 1 cm to 20 km. A (a) Find the actual distance between 4 and B. (b) A beacon. D, is to the west of the line AB. It 1s 100 km from 4 and 120 km from B Construct the position of D on the scale drawing, (c) Measure the bearing of C from B. (4) An aircraft 1s + equidistant from 4 and C. + 90 km from &. . () By constructing suitable loci, m (i) Given that the aircraft is east of the line AB (J2014/2/1) — (70)23 433. The diagram shows the positions, on a m: 7 lap. of three boats 4, B and C. ‘The map has a scale of | cm to | km (@) Find the bearing of B from A (b) A fourth boat, D, is * closer to B than to A, * less than 4km from C. By drawing appropriate loci find, and shade, the region in which D is situated, North (N2014/124) 34, ABCD is a field in the shape of a trapezium. ABC = 56°, BAD~=104° and the distance between the parallel sides of the field is 90 m (@) Using a scale of | cm to 20m, draw a plan of the field. AB has been drawn for you. A B 14/2/6) (b) Find the actual distance CD. (N20 (7D)2435. In triangle ABC, AB = Sem and AC= 6cm. (a) Constrict triangle ABC. Line BC is drawn for you. Cc $$, 4 (12015/1/14) () Measure BAC in your triangle. ¢ ) 36. Two ports, 4 and B, are 15 km apart and Bis due south of A. A boat sails from 4 on a bearing of 141°. North (a) State the bearing of 4 from the boat. | (b) Calculate the shortest distance between the boat and B. (©) Whep the baat fe ao af P calculate ite dision, (7D)25(2) The scale drawing, drawn to a scale of 1em to 2km, shows A, B and a°third port, North (i) When the boat has travelled 24 km, it stops at the point X. Mark and label on the diagram. (i) A second boat is located 1 less than 12 km from 4 I nearer to BC than to BA. Shade the region in which this second boat must lie. (iii) The point Y is the position of the second boat when it is as far as possible from Mark and label Yon the diagram and hence find the maximum possible distance between the two boats. (2015/2/8) (7D) 2631. The diagram shows the postions of three ships A. B and C- "i is drawn to a scale of | om to 20 km. g North (a) Find, by measurement. the bearing of C from A locus of points. inside triangle ABC, that are (b) On the diagram construct th (i) equidistant from B and C. Gi) equidistant from AB and BC. (c) A ship D is * equidistant from B and C. and * equidistant from 48 and BC. Label the position of D on the diagram and find the actual distance of D from 4. Scale: 1 em to 20 km (N2015/121) (7D)27