Tips to master Section C
Questions
Section C: Scientific Experimental Questions
Understanding Variables
Independent Variable
Definition: The factor you change in the experiment.
Example: Temperature, light intensity.
Dependent Variable
Definition: The factor you measure in response to changes in the independent
variable.
Example: Height of plant, rate of reaction.
Constant Variables
Definition: Factors that stay the same to ensure a fair test.
Example: Amount of water, type of soil.
Plotting Graphs
Types of Graphs:
Line graph Bar graph
Tips for Plotting Graphs
Label Axes Correctly
X-axis: Always the independent variable.
Y-axis: Always the dependent variable.
Scale Appropriately
Choose a suitable scale for both axes to fit the data points clearly.
Tips for Plotting Graphs
Plot Points Carefully
Use a ruler for straight lines and make sure points are plotted accurately.
Title Your Graph
A clear title helps explain what the graph shows.
Answering Observation Questions
● What to Look For
Carefully describe what you can see, hear, or measure in the experiment.
● Write Clearly
Use full sentences and be precise about what happened during the
experiment.
Writing a Conclusion Based on a Graph
● Restate the Hypothesis
Example: “We hypothesized that plants grow taller with more sunlight.”
● Use Data to Support Your Conclusion
Reference the graph: "The graph shows that plants exposed to more sunlight
grew 5 cm taller."
Making Inferences
What is an Inference?
It’s a conclusion you draw based on the data and observations.
Example: "If the plant received less sunlight, it grew shorter because it couldn't
perform as much photosynthesis."
Forming a Hypothesis
● What is a Hypothesis?
A prediction about what you think will happen in an experiment.
Example: "If the temperature increases, then the rate of plant growth will
increase."
Exam Tips
Read the Question Carefully
Ensure you understand what the question is asking before answering.
Check Your Work
Always review your graph and calculations to avoid mistakes.
Stay Organized
Use headings and bullet points when structuring your answer.
