VIDEO 1

[Music] I'm Roberto Figaroa and I'm glad to share what I know about the use of icts in the classroom as
an open and distance e-learning practitioner of course not everything that I will share will be
appropriate to your context that is why it is important for you to still evaluate each tool depending on its
usefulness in your respective classrooms so Shall We Begin before enumerating the tools that you can
use for teaching it is essential to establish the importance or necessity of icts in teaching as a decision
maker the value of using icts in the classroom can be influenced by myths that we hear and read about
icts such as it will eventually replace as teachers or it is a distraction as a whole rather than productive it
can also be influenced by the pressures that our supervisors put on us because it is the in thing in
education nowadays please make sure that before we even start using them these myths and pressures
were already dealt with in our minds so that we can really start using them effectively here are some
things that could help you we know that currently we are experiencing globalization of economies and
of information we also know that technological innovations are rapidly increasing we are also now living
in a knowledge based soci society and economy with this there is an escalating demand for Education
around the world how do we adapt how do we cope we know that icts can help us do this through
proper use of various icts we can achieve effective learning for all anytime and anywhere so now let's
look at the tools that we have used in the past commonly referred to as non-digital or traditional tools
these Technologies are now slowly fading from educational institutions however some of them may still
be considered useful typewriters and mimeographs used to be popular among those who distribute
printed materials and exams to students educational television shows and channels are still very useful
to this day educational radio programs can still be used by teachers as long as class and broadcast
schedules are synchronized recorded programs can be replayed in the classroom through VHS betamax
and tape recorders we used to produce a lot of transparent slides for overhead projectors I know that
there are still some institutions using this this list is not exhaustive but this gives you a gist of what
Educators heavily used before the internet and digital devices became popular the term modern can be
relative and quickly changes with time but for now the following can be still saf considered as modern
ICT equipment I categorized them into three the personal access or client ICT equipment are usually
used by Learners and teachers to access information personally or in small groups these devices usually
act as clients which receive information from the servers that I will be discussing later the popular clients
are the personal computer laptops tablet computers faets or phone tablets smartphones and sound
players for audio lectures and audiobooks if information is to be projected and shown to a large group
then the popular devices that could be used are the LED projectors smart or interactive boards Smart
TVs and wireless projecting devices like chomecast finally storage of information that is accessed by
clients for personal use or classroom access can be stored and distributed in different ways way through
different server strategies it can be served locally through the client device which could be the personal
computer laptop or smartphone if the application or data is small enough the school or classroom can
have its own server whose information can be accessed through wired or wireless connections or it
could be accessed conveniently via the internet using cloud computing Technologies these include but
are not limited to web hosts pay-per-view servers dedicated servers and virtual private servers now let's
go to ICT software in upou we use several Technologies for open and distance e-learning these
Technologies can also be used for Blended strategies and face-to-face communication depending on the
infrastructure of the school and the training that the teachers have received regarding these software
we have the Learning Management system we also have virtual asynchronous Technologies virtual as
synchronous Technologies and productivity and production tools for both teachers and Learners let me
now share some communication tools that I have used in the past this picture on the left was a picture
of myself with two students that I have just met face to face for the first time during their graduation
ceremony instead of being awkward we easily warmed up to each other and talked as if we were old
friends why it's because we have already been communicating for several years using icts here are some
of the tools that we have used the first is the online Forum a forum is a tool that allows for structured
and threaded discussions teachers or students can post a note that represents a topic for academic
discussion Q&A can also be facilitated through this tool workshops are scheduled discussions that can
allow students to review and rate the work of their classmates the good thing about this is that teachers
can also assess how students learn from the lectures by looking at how they evaluated their peers works
of course their assessment can also be evaluated by the teacher this can also serve as a benchmarking
tool for students let's now move out of the learning management system and look at social media
Pinterest Instagram and Twitter are also used as social media tools for education but Facebook is one of
the tools that we have really looked at in the past we have observed that Facebook is very usable and
had high engagement from participants however it also suffers from noise as well as accessibility issues
as you can see Facebook is blocked by the Great Wall of China of course there could be workarounds but
this will not be convenient for students there's also a lot of noise in Facebook lecture notes and
academic discussions that are posted on Facebook groups could be overpowered by personal chats and
memes from other Learners or from friends of the Learners these are a few of the things that a teacher
should take note of before using Facebook for Blended learning we've tried a social learning platform
called academics as an alternative it was developed by a us-based startup and can be accessed via this
link www. academia. it's a good thing that it is now accessible from China a good feature of Academia is
a virtual interactive board this can be used for conducting interactive lectures without having to meet
students in a single physical location however the biggest challenge in using this tool is its buggy
interface there are features that are not yet really working while some could not work as they were
intended therefore it received a very low usability score from our students however the developers have
hopefully addressed these concerns from 2 years ago I have not personally tried using again and just
looked for Alternatives so here they are fortunately someone created Piaza Patza is primarily a Q&A
platform that could be useful as an alternative to forums the good thing about Patza is that it is also
mobile friendly it has its own app and it is responsive it enables teachers to be able to respond to
students queries quickly by providing a dashboard that displays unanswered questions and Urgent
concerns however it has a slightly steep learning curve for teachers and this was addressed by tutorial
video videos that were developed by its developers I encourage you to give Piaza a try as it also
promised to be free for life or at least as long as it is existing for most synchronous online lectures and
presentations we can use Google Hangouts on air it is a free service provided by Google which allows a
student or teacher to present lectures or Reports online synchronously it currently supports nine
participants but this this can be extended to an unlimited number of viewers via its web streaming
counterpart in YouTube as shown here the presenter screen containing PowerPoint presentations or
other multimedia visual aids can be shared while the presenter is speaking Google Hangouts on air was
found to be easy to use though it required some studying from the organizer or presenter at first
another good thing about it is that the presentations are recorded and stored on the presenter YouTube
channel this means that it can be reused as a pre-recorded online lecture for those who are interested in
using it Google has provided a video tutorial on how to use Google Hangouts on air those were the
synchronous and asynchronous technologies that we can use for teaching and learning now let's talk
about learning management systems these are platforms that serve as the virtual classroom in e-
learning however that can also serve as supplementary tools for teachers in the physical classrooms or
in Blended learning strategies a learning management system or LMS allows teachers to upload digital
materials like lecture notes course guides lecture videos podcasts and so on and make them available
for students online the LMS also allows teachers to conduct online interactive activities like forums chat
sessions and workshops as well as assess how students participated in these activities online essays
exams and automated quizzes can also be implemented within the LMS there are many Learning
Management Systems available for download or could be accessed via the cloud upou uses Moodle
which is a free open-source learning management system the good thing about this learning
management system is that it has a large community of practice ice and that many Educators have had
experience in using it all of the features that I have mentioned earlier can be found in Moodle but might
be missing in its competitors here is an example of a course site in my portal upo 's Moodle instance for
its regular courses as you can see learning activities can be organized per week or per topic images
videos and even sound files can be embedded to embellish weekly or topical posts by teachers the
massive open online courses of upou were also implemented using Moodle however before jumping
into Moodle or any LMS it will be important to deal with the following issues implementers should
choose the right server in the right infrastructure for serving their learning management system they
should also consider the number of users that will interact in the learning management system this will
give rise to the issue of scalability technical support is also important when implementing a learning
management system before launching it a team of experts should be ready to answer questions and
resolve issues raised by prospective users of this system finally it is also important that the learning
management system is something that can be easily used by the users bad user interface is one popular
reason why learning platforms are considered unusable there are Alternative Learning Management
Systems that are available for free iTunes provide free access to its LMS via iTunes University each
course is limited to 50 participants and can only be accessed via iPhone or iPads a trial account can be
used to create a free online course via canvas however the complete features of this LMS can be utilized
by an institution once it has acquired the proper license other tools like desire to learn and Blackboard
can be explored by schools and teachers but they will incur significant expenses because these tools are
not free of course you can also try using Google classrooms or other free learning management systems
but it's very important to investigate what you can do with it and what challenges you might encounter
there are also supporting tools that can be used for group projects and for showcasing the learning
outcomes achieved by students a good free project management soft Ware is base camp it's good for
problem-based learning as synchronous communication synchronous communication among members
of the group and document collaboration one just has to write to base camp and explain why the
educator needs an account for showcasing student created products a good portfolio system that can be
integrated with Moodle is mahara it is good for production courses and for portfolio based programs
lastly options for productivity tools that teachers and Learners can use are becoming more abundant
with the advancement of Technology some of the popular production tools that we have used are
Google products such as apps Drive and hangouts screencasting tools include screen flow and screen
recorder animation tools like pow Tunes are also becoming popular finally you can also try new
presentation tools like the one I'm using now prety the web is aund with more tools the important thing
here is for you to know how they can be effectively used in the classroom to make your sessions more
enjoyable and interactive thanks for listening cheers [Music]

VIDEO 2

[Music] good day in this session we will be discussing existing and emerging technology in teaching and
learning for our discussions we will be touching on ACC and emerging technologies and then on a
framework on how to pick the tool for a specific activity for the existing and emerging technologies I will
be I have divided them into several categories there are activity tools video 2 assessment tools
gamification - social media tools authoring tools collaboration tools and virtual worlds the criteria I have
used for picking these tools are that they are web-based no need to download and no need to install
and that they are free for the activity tools I've divided them into several categories - there's discussion
whiteboard infographic tools presentation tools and timeline makers for the discussion tools I've picked
collaborize classroom where you can see you can manage discussion forums and create discussion
forum and I've also been using Google Hangouts the chat feature of Google Hangouts for discussion
boards because for learners who are quite used to messaging Google Hangouts test that feature where
they receive their messages or discussion messages and like a messaging feature like a texting message
next is for the for other discussion tools if you have a learning management system there are usually
discussion board tools included so for whiteboard tools whiteboards are usually used for collaboration
for brainstorming so the tools I pick for the is positive as you can see they're all just blank pages where
you can write on them whether it's handwritten or typewritten sketch lock is another tool to add last
and Steudle are other tools for whiteboards the next is infographic for infographics you can have your
students create a summary with a graphic of what they've learned or a poster of what they've learned
just to reflect and summarize their the content so for least the tools I've picked are canva big toe chart
and Ben gage engage is really good because it tracks it has analytics so it can track your the people that
have viewed your infographic for presentation we have power point of course and photo pitch photo
pitch is basically a slide maker for photos and same for kids OA but with Gazzola you can use videos to in
your presentation for timeline makers for usually use timeline makers to have students it may be
summarize the history of topic or the history of a theory so the tools i've used for this is history capsules
and times later where you can see that there are date at the bottom for you to mark the year or the
date for the event the next category our videos and we use videos because they are more engaging
demonstrations friendly and because of the visual cues it facilitates thinking and problem-solving so for
video tools I pick once where you can edit your video and the first one is YouTube editor and powtoon
our tune can help you make animated videos and an emerging technology in video his interactive videos
where you can add questions or at the discussion board within the video so the tools that you can use to
make interactive videos are via logs and puzzle and play posit as usually if you're doing videos you need
to sometimes you need to edit audio - so there's chair bits and audacity for audio editing the next
category for technology tools are programming and this is becoming very popular with learners right
now because this is a skill that's quite important and I picked some websites where you can take courses
on programming languages so the first one is code Academy the next one is scratch where they say from
a nine year old one ninety nine year old can use it and it teaches you the logic of programming and also
panic Adam II has a lot of programming courses that you can sign up for the next technology tools is
assessment tools and for this I've staked class to start math it's a website where you can create your
own assessment tools from crossword puzzles to multiple-choice quizzes or you can use existing ones
from the website there's also quiz revolution and yak apakah which also has existing quizzes that you
can just use or you can build your own for games I picked Kahoot for the create or to play games for
your students and also you can do badges that you can give out to your students for every achievement
that they've attained so there's online matchmaker calm and for website you can have your students
access games there's education calm fun brain calm science Bob calm brain yells calm and the Utah
Education Network website with social media this is becoming very popular too since this is something
that the learners are using every day so you can have them do a blog and have the tools for that is
WordPress blogger and weeks where they can journal write a journal for their learning or just post their
answers on their blogs you can also use chat or messaging tools to keep in contact with the your
learner's so there's Google hangout line messenger and viber Facebook groups are good to use too for
collaborating or just keeping in touch and with your students Google Plus can be used the same way for
authoring tools where if you want to make your own modules a self-contained module these are the
tools to use there's easy generator smart builder and screencast-o-matic for screencast-o-matic you this
is one tool that you have to download and install and this doesn't really create a mall a self-contained
module but it captures your screen so that if you want to do a demo of a software you can use
screencast-o-matic for collaboration tools we have video conferencing then you can use Google
Hangouts for that and for project collaboration you have Yammer which looks a lot like Facebook so you
can add your students here and they can communicate and keep their files here Basecamp operates the
same way and then there's Google Apps for Education where you can use Google Docs or Google sheets
to collaborate on a document same with wikispaces where you just add your students and you can
collaborate on a topic for virtual worlds I only have one tool and that second life and for this tool too
you have to download and install so with all those tools that I've mentioned how do you know which
tools to use Littlejohn is regular design a matrix based on very large conversational model based on the
type of activities and these type of activities are assimilative adaptive communicative productive and
experiential so for the first one assimilative this is just practicing narrative media managing and
structuring information for so for this type of activity Hindu lectures or videos or just reading text so the
technology you can use here is word processors where they can do concept mapping and brainstorming
or presentation software and or crossword puzzle the next activity is adaptive and this is where as an
environment that changes according to learner input so the technologies for this are virtual world where
they can do simulation and games and interactive videos the next type of activity is communicative
where your students can discuss whether it's asynchronous or synchronous discussions and here you
can use electronic whiteboards or discussion boards instant messaging and video conferencing the next
type of activity is productive where learners produce something so they can create a book or a report an
essay or journal a literature review they can compose or synthesize so for the technologies you can use
image editing technologies for graphic tools the timeline maker and other project collaboration tools the
last type of activity is experiential and these are interactive activities that focus on problem solving so
this year learners will be practicing and applying what they have learned so you can do case studies or
experiments and laboratory experiments in a virtual lab or interactive videos and this ends our
discussion for existing and emerging technologies and I hope that it will help you pick the tools that you
will need for your teaching [Music]

VIDEO 3

[Music] today for this session we'll be discussing managing technology for inclusive education they say
that we now live in an information society information technology plays a central position in our
production economy and society at large information and communication technologies now pervade our
business and economy the government our society and culture and even our education in recent years
there have been calls to make sure that the benefits of information and communication technologies
reach the people and this is what we call a inclusion inclusion means providing access to information
society these products and services to all people including those with special needs or risk of exclusion it
ensures that everyone is included in and gains from developments enabled by ICP it connotes the right
to belong to the mainstream the concept of inclusion has been also applied in education inclusive
education is the idea that all students are ensured with equal opportunities it means offering the same
level of education for all pupils irrespective of their varying abilities and possibilities now there are
several reasons for exclusion first physical disabilities second augmented disabilities third resource
constraints and last gender now inclusion in education is also part of these efforts for inclusive
education it refers to the idea that all students with no distinction have the right to benefit from ICT
tools to the same extent irrespective of their disabilities or difficulties there are several factors in
inclusion in education we have accessibility usability and availability accessibility refers to the degree to
which a product like a device a service or environment can be used both from a physical and cognitive
viewpoint by as many people as possible now this is crucial to those who have learning and physical
disabilities usability refers to the absolute clarity and ease of use of the tools how easy it is to use a
particular technology this is crucial to people with different cultural backgrounds like those from rural or
from urban centers availability refers to the actual possibility of having one's own disposal equals in
order to fulfill a certain educational activity or objective this is crucial and also do not have the
computers or Internet due to socio-economic constraints addressing the inclusion in education can take
on several levels first we have the macro level interventions first like in terms of policy in the 1990s
there was a change in our policy in terms of the deregulation of the telecom industry these lead to the
entry of our telecom companies which led to the installation of more telephone lines and internet
connections in the country we need more of these to ensure more internet availability in the country
there are also different programs implemented by government and non-government agencies to
promote digital literacy and also to provide infrastructure in terms of ICT equipment in different parts of
the country and there are also partnerships between different institutions along these lines and of
course political will is very important to ensure that we are able to implement the inclusion in education
to the fullest nor for depression I will be focusing my discussion on equals for inclusive education in the
classroom now to address the problems of accessibility experienced by differently-abled we have
assistive technologies for them assistive technologies are products equipment and systems that
enhanced learning working and daily living for persons with disabilities now there are different types of
assistive technologies depending on the disability like for people with sensory disability we have voice
recognition programs screen readers screen enlargement applications talking book player and audio
recorder and player for those with hearing problems we have closed caption speech the pecs and
headphone for cognitive disabilities we have picture schedule and calendar picture based instructions
smartphone with adopted back miss schedules calendars audio recorders and graphic organizers there
are different examples of online assistive technologies that you can find on the web for text-to-speech
we have read speaker and PPS reader for speech to text we have speech notes and dictation and
examples of screen readers rnv access and usability geek in most schools however the main problem is
the lack of connectivity or ICT equipment in the classroom there are several strategies which we can use
to address these ICT resource constraints first we can combine offline tools with online technologies like
we can share files using USB and you can also install a learning management system via LAN or local area
network rather than the Internet we can also identify learning activities where online technologies are
essential like in the case of collaborative activities we could limit the online technology use to the
research part tapping resources outside the classroom is another approach we can make use of the
library or the local internet cafes the teacher can also use simpler technologies like using texting for
student announcements and polls and using a website instead of a learning management system which
requires technical maintenance we also need to address gender issues in the use of ICT in the classroom
teachers should avoid gender stereotypes in the use of ICT like a finding of programming the males and
the writing rows to the females in terms of the learning activities there should also fairness between the
genders in terms of the frequency of the use of the ICTs available in the classroom and lastly we have to
select gender sensitive digital resources for inclusive education to be effective our teachers need to
develop these competencies first technical this refers to the ability of the teacher to select the
appropriate key tools including adaptive technologies and also understand the affordances and
limitations of those technologies in terms of providing access second is whether the logical this refers to
the ability of the teacher to make use of those resources of those tools in promoting active learning
from this session we have learned the Digital Inclusion in education provides opportunities for
everybody to participate in and benefit from the affordances of ICTs assistive technologies can be used
to address physical and cognitive buyers to inclusive education and their strategies can be adapted to
address resource constraints in ICT and gender issues in exclusive education thank you you

One category of existing and emerging technologies is the Activity Tools. The
activity tools are further subdivided into 5 sub-categories. Match these sub-
categories with their respective descriptions.

The correct answer is:

An activity tool for discussion which has a chat feature where learners receive
messages or discussion messages like a messaging feature or a texting message →
Google Hang Out,

An activity tool for discussion which has discussion forums or boards → Learning
Management System,

A presentation tool which is basically a slide maker but which can include videos
in your presentation → Kizoa,

This is one category of existing and emerging tools which are more engaging,
demonstrations-friendly, and with visual cues which facilitate thinking and problem-
solving. → Videos,

The tool wherein students can summarize the history of topic or the history of a
theory some examples of which are HSTRY, capsules, and Timeglider where
you mark the year or the date of the event → Timeline Maker

A whiteboard tool for collaboration and brainstorming where you can see blank
pages and you can write on them whether it's handwritten or typewritten →
Tuzzit,

An infographic tool which has analytics so it can track the people that have viewed
your infographic → Venngage

VIDEO 4

[Music] good day for this session we'll be discussing resource-based learning as a framework for the use
of digital learning resources in teaching and learning we'll be defining digital learning resources as well
as open educational resources recently there has been greater emphasis on active learning students
nowadays are considered active Constructors of knowledge rather than mere recipients of information
from their teachers resource-based learning is one of the approaches that promotes active learning it is
an educational model where students are encouraged and enabled to use a variety of print non-print
and human educational resources to seek information and solve problems the use of different
educational resources also accommodates vared interests experiences learning styles needs and ability
levels of students now what are educational or learning resources this refers to any form of material
whether produced purchased or acquired developed or created for instructional purposes they can be
applied for formal nonformal or informal teaching and learning purposes it includes the informational
content as well as the learning activity in which this content is embedded now learning resources can
either be print non print human resources like the teacher we combine these learning resources to
support the learning outcomes of the curriculum now we all know that teachers are the most important
Learning Resource in the classroom but why use other learning resources learning resources allow
Learners to explore collaborate solve problems create and develop new ideas as well as Knowledge and
Skills using different learning resources also provides learning experiences that are suitable to different
kinds of Learners now recently more and more people are using digital learning resources because of
the advances in ICT digital learning resources are digitally formatted materials included in the context of
a course they may range from digital asset like an image a video or an audio clip or to a course Weare
which is composed of package digital assets and activities to promote learning digital learning resources
can also be classified in terms of their format they could either be text Graphics audio video animation
simulation just like the virtual world and second life and games like Minecraft portal and Spore now they
can also be classified in terms of their granularity digital resources can either be a courseware or
software for courses which are purpose-built computer-based resources designed for Education and
Training or they can be web resources which is basically any information available on the web that is
relevant to the learning aim they are usually left unchanged or UNM modified and the teacher simply
provides Learners with the links to these resources one I use digital learning resources in the first place
well compared to print they can be easily updated in terms of content since they are interactive they
can better Engage The Learners they also expand the learning opportunities because the online tools
allow Learners to interact Beyond The Four Walls of the classroom using different types of digital
learning resources also allows for personalized learning to suit different learning styles abilities since the
web records all the interactions of the students it is easier for the teacher to monitor student progress
an online assessment also allows for immediate feedback to Learners online tools also facilitates
Collaborative Learning and it also promotes digital literacy which prepares learners for transitioning to
employment if you want your learners to apprehend or understand understand and information that
you have presented then a narrative medium is preferred examples of narrative medium would be web
pages and websites ebooks images video files PowerPoint slides and animation if you want your learners
to explore or investigate or do some research then an interactive medium is used examples of
interactive medium would be hyper media search engines gateways and portals if the task involves
experimentation and practice or acquisition of skill we use an Adaptive medium examples of which
would be virtual world simulations models and interactive tutorials now for task involving
communication between individuals and groups we have communicative tools which can either be
synchronous like chat video conferencing and instant messaging and asynchronous which could either
be email or discussion boards now if want our students to articulate or Express their understanding of
the subject by generating or constructing their own representation of that phenomenon then we make
use of productive Technologies examples of these would be web and multimedia authoring tools word
processing tools image processing tools or audio and video capture and editing tools blogs wikis shared
write and draw systems in selecting digital resources for our teaching and learning purposes we have to
consider these guidelines first accessibility the resources must be organized in ways that make them
easy to access and locate resources that are located in websites that require login are not accessible the
resources must be current and up to date they must be rich in terms of the way they reflect a variety of
perspectives there must be purposeful use of media appropriate media is used and the usability of the
resource is enhanced by the media for example video is more appropriate in showing a process or a
procedure or an actual reality while complicated concepts are as explained in text and lastly the
resources should demonstrate social cultural and gender inclusivity we have been using digital learning
resources for quite some time but there has never been a time when there is intense use of digital
learning resources for Education this is thanks to open educational resources open educational
resources is just like any educational resource except for one basic difference it's license an oer is simply
an educational resource that already incorporates a license that facilitates reuse and potentially
adaptation thus you don't have to request permission from the copyright holder for the condition
specified UNESCO defines OE as teaching learning and research materials that are in the public domain
or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use adaptation and distribution the
Paris Oar Declaration of 2012 encourages governments to contribute to the awareness and the use of O
and to develop strategies and policies to integrate oer in education there's a wide range of oer in the
web we have full courses course modules syllabi lectures homework and assignments quizzes lab and
classroom activities pedagogical materials games simulations Curriculum maps textbooks streaming
videos multimedia applications podcasts and other resources contained in digital media collections now
oer is part of the open movement which includes the open source open source software Open Source
Hardware Open Standards Open Access open design open knowledge open data open content open
courseware and open educational practice all these open movements share common values in terms of
sharing of resources minimization of duplication promoting economic efficiency and avoiding strict
copyright restrictions now why open OE assumes that knowledge should be disseminated to everybody
for the benefit of the whole society it acknowledges the right of Lear Learners to participate within the
knowledge Society to be a Creator to govern and develop one's own knowledge to use reuse recycle
rework and share knowledge Resources with others what are the advantages of using an oer first the
open license gives you freedom of access both for yourself and others it avoids vendor lock in or a
situation in which you have to use one company's products and as a result you have freedom from
proprietary systems and corporations all this leads to lower cost for the students the different use of
oers or digital learning resources encourages pedagogical Innovation and for those who make oers it
also provides opportunity for collaboration it is very helpful to Future Educators as well as to developing
nations that are resource poor and for those who make OE they may potentially lead to publicity or
recognition to those who produce and distribute o and this can also lead to other business models what
are the disadvantages of oer first we need to check the accuracy of oer before use in the past we have
been accustomed to uh relying on the reputation of the publisher but in this case we have to verify the
accuracy of the Oar first some oers may not meet the accessibility requirements for persons with
disabilities and some have technical requirements that vary and those that require you to use a
particular software some may need a high degree of customization called localization in the Oar
community and for those who make oer some of those teachers may not be rewarded by the system for
their efforts and some institutions may be concerned about giving it away now the question is how open
is an open license there is basically a broad range of legal Frameworks that may govern the use of O but
the most common example would be the Creative Commons or CC the creative commment ensures that
the authors of materials can retain acknowledgement for their work while allowing it to be shared can
seek to restrict commercial activity if they wish and can aim to prevent people from adopting it if
appropriate there are different CC licenses we have attribution attribution share alike attribution no
derivatives attribution non-commercial attribution non-commercial share alike and attribution non-
commercial no derivatives for more details about these licenses you can refer to creativecommons.org
now how do we find these oer there are a number of search engines that you can use most of these
were developed and funded by like-minded organizations examples of oer search engines are jorum oer
commons temoa University learning expert oer Dynamic search engine Open professional education
Network National Science Digital Library iberry Merlot and academic Earth a good oer has the following
characteristics first it is findable meaning it can be found in multiple locations it can be clearly described
it is clearly licensed normally through Creative Commons it is from a source you can trust like an
academic institution or an academic that you know it can be easily modified it is freestanding meaning it
does not assume knowledge of other resources it is free of copyright content it is being used or
recommended by people like you and it can be imperfect it just needs to work for you you from this
session we have learned that learning resources enable us to promote Active Learning digital learning
resources allow us to meet the diverse needs of our Learners while preparing them for the challenges of
an increasingly Digital Society open educational resources provide us with means to achieve these
learning goals by making knowledge products available to more people thank you

The correct answer is:

Interactive learning task → Search engines,

Narrative task/activity → Powerpoint slides,

Communicative learning tasks → Video conferencing,

Adaptive tasks → Virtual worlds, Productive tools → image processing tools