Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING

Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

08/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP

Ms. Swati Ingale

Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur
 Unit II: Energy Resources
CO 2: Select alternative energy resources for
Engineering Practices Topic:
UO 2e: Select appropriate solutions of
efficient use of energy.
Energy
Conservation
08/07/2020

Written by
Dr. N.S.Raman Ms. Swati Ingale
Course Expert Course Expert
Deputy Director, NEERI, Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur Nagpur
 What we will learn today? Concept Map

Learning Objective/ Key takeaways

• Knowledge about Global use and future Energy Sources
demand of energy
• Understand about various methods of
energy conservation
Energy
Strategies For
Content Sustainable
Present Global
Energy use
2.5 Present global energy use and World

future demands
2.6 Energy conservation methods

Energy Global energy

conservation future demands

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Main Energy Sources

It supplies the energy needed to run the world.

Page 4 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Present Global Energy use:-

• Energy consumption in developing countries is only one-tenth of that in the developed countries.
• Coal and natural gas were the most used energy fuels for generating electricity.
• The world's electricity consumption was 18,608 TWh in 2012.
• In 2018 the total world energy came from 64% fossil fuels, 10 % nuclear and 10 % renewable (hydro, wind,
solar, geothermal).

Reff:https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.powermag.com
Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
Global energy future demands
► World primary energy demand increase by 1.6% per year on an average.
► The Energy Information Administration (EIA) recently released it latest International Energy
Outlook (IEO), its forecast from 2012 out to 2040 is as follows:

1. Demand of Oil
• is the most important and most highly consumed source of energy in the world.
• The demand of oil in 2040 will be increase from 85 million barrel to 106 million barrel per day

2. Demand of Coal
• It is the second most abundant source of energy in the world and is highly used in power generation.
• Coal ranks quite low in terms of consumption. Its demand increases to 26 %
https://www.globalenergyinstitute.org/future-global-energy-demand-and-away

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Global energy future demands
3. Demand of Natural gas
• It has been the energy source with highest rates of growth in recent years.
• Consumption of gas has increased to 22%.
4. Demand of Renewables:
• The demand for renewable energy will more than double by 2040, largely backing out coal.
• Hydroelectric power will remain the largest single source of renewable energy, accounting for about half
of renewable electricity output in 2040.
5. Demand of Nuclear power:
• Nuclear power is forecast to grow 87%.
• Its overall share of demand, however, is expected to move from a bit more than 4% in 2012 to not quite
6% in 2040.
6. Demand of other energy sources
• World electricity demand increase at a rate of 2.5%.
• Transportation energy consumption increases by nearly 40% between 2018 and 2050
https://www.globalenergyinstitute.org/future-global-energy-demand-and-away

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Energy conservation
► WHY TO CONSERVE IT ?
• We have limited resources available on earth and our demands are
continuously increasing day by day.
• It is possible that someday most of the non- renewable resources will be
exhausted hence it is necessary to save non-renewable energy resources.
• Energy conservation increases national, personal and financial security.

We save our money when we save energy. We reduce pollution when we save energy.
Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
What We Can Do at Personal Level?
► At Home
• We should not keep lights unnecessarily switched on.
• Reduce the energy your appliances consume by analysing
star ratings.
• Improve your water heating efficiency to reduce energy
costs.

► At Public Places
• Switch off the fans and lights in the places like bus terminal
and railway stations when not necessary.
• Switch off the street lights.
• Big Hoardings, lightened up for the whole evening and
nights are other wastage of power which can be and should
be avoided

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

What We Can Do at Global Level?

Energy Strategies For A Sustainable World

► Necessary condition for socio-economic change
to lead to a sustainable world must include:
• Satisfaction of basic needs of the peoples
• Economic viability
• Self reliant interdependence of nations
• Harmony with the environment

► Energy strategies for future can be classified as:

1. Immediate
2. Mid-term
3. Long term

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Energy Strategies For A Sustainable World

► Immediate term strategy:

• Optimum utilization of existing assets.
• Efficiency in production system & reduction in distribution losses.
• Promoting R&D, transfer and use of technologies for environmentally sound energy systems.
• Rationalizing Tariff structure of all energy products.

► Medium-term strategy:
• Demand management through conservation of energy, structural changes in economy, model mix in
transportation sector, recycling
• A shift to less energy-intensive modes of transport
• Shift to renewable sources of energy.

Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Energy Strategies For A Sustainable World

► Long – term strategy

• Efficient generation of energy resources.
• Improving energy infrastructure
• Creation of urban gas transmission and distribution network.
• Improving energy efficiency in accordance with national, socio-economic & environmental priorities.
• Promoting of energy efficiency & emission standards.
• Programs for adopting energy efficient technologies in large industries.
• Deregulation and privatization of energy sector
• Streamlining approval process for attracting private sector participation in power generation, transmission &
distribution.

Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 References:

1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants
Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED,
PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications, New Delhi,
India.
4. M.P. Singh, 2005, Environment and Natural Resources Hardcover, Satish Serial Publishing
House, Delhi India.
5. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, India.

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Energy Conservation

► Energy is needed for The different forms of energy are

each and every work the driving force of todays
so its conservation is technology world. So its proper use
also important. is a our Global responsibility

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Summary
We have studied :

► Present global energy use

► Future demands of energy

► energy conservation for a sustainable world

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING
Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

08/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP

Ms. Swati Ingale

Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur
 Unit II: Energy Resources
CO 2: Select alternative energy resources for
Topic:
Engineering Practices
Energy Forms
UO 2d: State advantages and disadvantages of
forms of energy.

08/07/2020

Written by
Mr Anant Fulzele Ms. Swati Ingale
Course Expert Course Expert
Lecturer, Government Polytechnic, Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur Nagpur
What we will learn today?
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways
List advantages and disadvantages of various energy forms

Contents
2.4 Energy Forms
1 Conventional form of energy
Advantages
Disadvantages
2 Non-conventional form of energy
Advantages
Disadvantages

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Concept Map

Conventional or
non renewable

Forms of energy

Non-conventional or
renewable

Page 4 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Examples of Forms of energy
There are two forms of energy –
1. Conventional or non renewable form of energy
❑ Thermal energy
❑ Nuclear energy

2. Non-conventional or renewable form of energy

❑ Solar energy
❑ Wind energy
❑ Tidal energy
❑ Geo thermal energy
❑ Biomass energy
❑ Hydro power energy

Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Conventional form of energy -

❑ THERMAL ENERGY
➢ Thermal energy refers to the energy
contained within a system that is responsible
for its temperature.

➢ Heat is the flow of thermal energy from high

temperature to low temperature.

Footnotes

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL ENERGY DIS-ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL ENERGY

➢ It is one of the most abundant energy sources ➢ Source of pollution: emits waste, SO2 , Nitrogen
➢ It is inexpensive compared to other energy Oxide, ash
sources ➢ Physical transport is difficult
➢ It can lower overall amount of greenhouse ➢ Technology to process coal into liquid or gas is
gases (liquefaction or gasification) not fully developed
➢ It is Leading source of electricity today ➢ Solid is more difficult to burn than liquid or
➢ By-product of burning (ash) can be used for gases
concrete and roadways. ➢ Dirty industry—leads to health problems
➢ Fossil fuels create more pollution and
emissions

Footnotes

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Conventional form of energy

❑ NUCLEAR ENERGY

➢ Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use of

exothermic nuclear processes, to generate useful heat
and electricity.

➢ The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and

nuclear fusion.

Footnotes

Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY DIS-ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

➢ It provides clear power with no ➢ It has potential of high risk / disaster (Chernobyl)
atmospheric emissions ➢ It has waste disposal problems.
➢ Its fuel can be recycled ➢ Waste produced from it is of no use.
➢ It gives low cost power for today’s ➢ Earthquakes can cause damage and leaks at
consumption plants.
➢ It is viable form of energy in countries that ➢ It leads to contamination of the environment
do not have access to other forms of fuel (long term)
➢ Lifetime of a nuclear power plant is limited

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

❑ SOLAR ENERGY
➢ Solar energy is obtained from the sun by
capturing the solar radiation and converting it
into another form of energy for performing
various activities
➢ The conversion of solar energy into thermal
energy can be done by using solar collectors.

Footnotes

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY DIS-ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY

❑ Solar energy is clean, noise free and renewable ❑ Electricity generation depend entirely on
form of energy which causes no pollution exposure to sun light which has limitation by
climate
❑ Very little maintenance is required to keep solar
cell running as there are no moving parts in it. ❑ Solar power stations can be very expensive to
build.
❑ In the long run it can give high return on
investment due to the amount of free energy, ❑ Solar power is used for charging batteries so
solar panels produced that it can be used at night. These batteries can
be large and heavy, taking up space and need to
be replaced from time to time

Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

❑ WIND ENERGY
➢ Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the
atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the
earth's surface, and rotation of the earth.

➢ Large wind farms consist of hundreds of individual

wind turbines which are connected to the electric
power transmission network.

Footnotes

Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

Advantages of Wind Energy Dis-advantages of Wind Energy

➢ Wind Energy is an inexhaustible source of ➢ It is unreliable energy source as winds are
energy and is virtually a limitless . uncertain and unpredictable.
➢ Energy is generated without polluting ➢ Requires large open areas for setting up wind
environment. farms.
➢ This source of energy has tremendous potential ➢ Noise pollution problem is usually associated
to generate energy with wind mills.
➢ Wind Energy can be used directly as mechanical ➢ Transmission cost of electricity is more due to
energy. remote location of turbine.
➢ In combination with Solar Energy, they can be ➢ It can be a threat to wildlife and birds.
used to provide reliable as well as steady supply
➢ Maintenance cost of wind turbines is high as
of electricity.
they have mechanical parts.

Footnotes

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

❑ TIDAL ENERGY
➢ Tides are the waves caused due to the
gravitational pull of the moon and also sun

➢ The energy derived from the rise and fall of

the sea tide is converted into electricity at Sea
shore.

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF TIDAL ENERGY

➢ Tidal energy is environment friendly energy and ➢ Cost of construction of tidal power plant is high.

doesn't produce greenhouse gases. ➢ sea waves are unpredictable and there can be
damage to power generation units.
➢ We can predict the rise and fall of tides as they follow
➢ Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt
cyclic fashion. migration of fish.
➢ Efficiency of tidal power is far greater as compared to ➢ The tides only happen twice a day so electricity can
coal, solar or wind energy. be produced only for that time.

➢ Maintenance costs are relatively low. ➢ Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines,
low tidal rise or fall are some of the obstructions.
➢ Tidal Energy doesn’t require any kind of fuel to run.
➢ This technology is still not cost effective and needs
➢ The life of tidal energy power plant is very long.
more technological advancements.

Footnotes

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

❑ GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
➢ Geothermal energy is the energy obtained from the
earth (Geo) from the hot rocks present inside the
earth.
➢ This is the heat of the interior of the earth present at
volcanic regions, geysers or hot springs.

Footnotes

Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

➢ By far, it is non-polluting and environment friendly. ➢ Only few sites have the potential of Geothermal
Energy.
➢ There is no wastage or generation of by-products.
➢ Total generation potential of this source is too small.
➢ Geothermal energy can be used directly.
➢ There is always a danger of eruption of volcano.
➢ Maintenance cost of geothermal power plants is very
less. ➢ Installation cost of steam power plant is very high.
➢ Geothermal power plants don't occupy too much ➢ There is no guarantee that the amount of energy
space and thus help in protecting natural which is produced will justify the capital expenditure
environment. and operations costs.
➢ Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent on the ➢ It may release some harmful, poisonous gases that
weather conditions can escape through the holes drilled during
construction

Footnotes

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

❑ BIOMASS
➢ Biomass means all materials which
come from living organisms. For
instance, waste material of plants and
animals, wood, agricultural wastes,
dead parts of plants and animals.

Footnotes

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional forms of energy

ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ENERGY

➢It is comparatively lesser pollution generating energy. ➢ Cost of construction of biogas plant is high, so only
rich people can use it.
➢ Biomass energy helps in cleanliness in villages and
cities and provides manure for the agriculture and ➢ Continuous supply of biomass is required to generate
gardens. biomass energy.
➢ Biomass energy is relatively cheaper and reliable. ➢ Biogas plant requires space and produces dirty smell.
➢ It can be generated from everyday human and animal ➢ Due to improper construction many biogas plants are
wastes, vegetable and agriculture left-over etc. working inefficiently.
➢ Recycling of waste reduces pollution and spread of ➢ It is difficult to store biogas in cylinders.
diseases.
➢ Transportation of biogas through pipe over long
distances is difficult.

Footnotes

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional forms of energy

❑ HYDRO POWER ENERGY

➢ Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to
the conversion of energy from
flowing water into electricity.
➢ It is considered a renewable energy source
because the water cycle is constantly
renewed by the sun

Footnotes

Page 20 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Non-Conventional form of energy

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER ENERGY DIS ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER ENERGY

➢ Hydropower is fueled by water, so it's a clean ➢ Fish populations can be impacted if fish cannot
fuel source. migrate
➢ Hydropower doesn't pollute the air like pow ➢ Hydropower can impact water quality and flo
er plants that burn fossil fuels w.
➢ Hydropower relies on the water cycle, whic ➢ Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved
h is driven by the sun, thus it's a renewabl oxygen levels in the water, a
e power source. problem that is harmful to riverbank habitats
➢ Hydropower is generally available as neede ➢ Hydropower plants can be impacted by drou
d, ght.
engineers can control the flow of water throug
h the turbines to produce
electricity on demand.
Footnotes

Page 21 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

References:

1. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi

publications, New Delhi, India.
2. M.P. Singh, 2005, Environment and Natural Resources Hardcover, Satish
Serial Publishing House, Delhi India.
3. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University
Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
4. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P)
LIMITED, PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
5. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, India.

Page 22 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Forms of Energy

Energy is needed for each These different forms of energy are

and every work so its the driving force of todays
conservation is also technology world. So its proper use
important. is a Global responsibility

Page 23 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Summary

We have studied :
• conventional form of energy with advantages and
disadvantages

• non-conventional form of energy with advantages

and disadvantages

Footnotes

Page 24 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 THANK YOU ALL

HAVE A NICE DAY

Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 25 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
 Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING
Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

08/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP

Ms. Swati Ingale

Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur
 Unit II: Energy Resources
CO 2: Select alternative energy resources for Topic: Importance
Engineering Practices
UO 2c: State the causes and effects of depletion of
of Natural
resources.
UO 2f: State the impacts of over use of natural
Resources
resources.

08/07/2020

Written by
Mr. N. U. Sulbhewar Ms. Swati Ingale Dr. N.S.Raman
Course Expert Course Expert Course Expert
Lecturer, Government Polytechnic, Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic, Deputy Director, NEERI,
Gadchiroli Nagpur Nagpur
What we will learn today? Concept Map
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways:
Natural
• Know the Causes and effects of depletion of Resources
resources
• Understand impacts of over use of natural
Exploitation or
resources on environment.
Overuse

Contents:
2.3 Causes and effects of depletion of resources
Depletion
2.7 Overuse of natural resources and its impacts
on environment
Impacts on
Environment

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Depletion of Natural Resource

► Resource Depletion occurs when

the renewable and non-renewable Overpopulation
natural resources become scarce
because they are consumed faster Over
Pollution
than they can recover. Consumption

► All of these resources have been

Depletion of
depleted primarily because of Natural
human activities. Industrial
Resources
wastage
Development

Mining
Deforestation
Activities

Page 4 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Causes of depletion of Natural Resource
1. Overpopulation:
► “Population growth is driving all of our resource problems, including water,
agricultural land and energy,”
► The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is
falling short of the current needs.

2. Overconsumption:
► This is the excessive and unnecessary use of resources.

► Natural resources in many regions are owned by private companies but they
misuse it for getting more profit.

3. Wastage:
► Without paying much attention, we use a lot of electric energy each day from
charging electronics to watching TV
► Similarly Water is also wasted in various domestic and industrial works.

Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Causes of depletion of Natural Resources
4. Deforestation:
► Natural calamities like hurricanes, forest fires, parasites and
floods destroys the Forests
► Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding,
timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and
infrastructure development.

5. Mining of Minerals and Oil.

► The increased exploitation of different minerals has led to
some of them entering into a production decline.
► For example, minerals such as Gasoline, Copper, and Zinc
production are estimated to decline in the next 20 years.

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Causes of depletion of Natural Resources
6. Technological and Industrial Development:
► Industrial and technological advancements have also driven the
demand for virgin materials for research, development,
and production.
► More resources are hence being used to satisfy
the industrial demands, increasing the rate of natural resource
depletion.

7. Pollution and Contamination of resources:

► The poor quality of wastewater effluents is responsible for the
degradation of the receiving surface water body. It is harmful for the
aquatic ecosystem.
► The wrong Agricultural practices contaminates the land resources
and make it unsuitable for crop production

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Effects of depletion of Natural Resource

Water Forest
Oil depletion
shortage depletion

Mineral Natural gas Food

depletion depletion depletion

Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Overuse of Natural Resources
► We derive numerous useful substances from natural
resources but when 'need' turns to 'greed' it starts
over exploitation.

► impacts of Overuse of Natural Resourceson

environment
1. Deforestation.
2. Desertification
3. Soil erosion
4. Land Slides
5. Extinction of species

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

1. Deforestation
► Deforestation is the clearance of forests by logging and/or
burning.
► Trees absorb greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide and produce
the oxygen we breathe.
► Forests are the habitats of millions of species.

► Causes of Deforestation

1. Construction of Roads
2. Mining
3. Hydroelectric projects
4. Forest fires
► Effects of Deforestation

The loss of trees and other vegetation can cause climate change,
desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

2. Desertification
► Desertification is a process by which fertile land becomes
desert.
► Causes for the origin of manmade deserts

1. Removal of trees .
2. Modern methods of agriculture instead of more traditional.
3. Over exploitation of fertile soil particularly in areas of low
rainfall by cultivating cash crops.
► Effects of Desertification

• It reduces the ability of land to support life, affecting wild

species, domestic animals, agricultural crops and people.
• The reduction in plant cover results in Drought leads to
accelerated soil erosion by wind.

Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

3. Soil erosion
► It is the washing or blowing away of the top layer of the soil.

► Manmade Causes of soil erosion

overgrazing by cattle, cutting down of trees, agricultural activities, construction
of buildings and laying of roads.

► Effects of soil erosion

1. It washes away the nutrients in soil resulting in infertility of the soil.
2. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers,
clogging these waterways
3. Degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen
flooding.

Flood
Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
4. Land Slides
► It is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped
section of land.

► Natural Causes of Landslides

Rain, Cyclones, Earthquakes, Volcanoes

► Manmade Causes of Landslides

Unsafe Mining Activities, construction of dams

► Effects of Landslides
The cost to repair structures, loss of property value, disruption
of transportation routes, medical costs in the event of injury,
loss of timber, Water availability.

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

5. Extinction of species
► Extinction occurs when species are diminished
because of environmental forces

► Causes of Extinction of species

1. habitat fragmentation
2. natural disaster Tasmanian Tiger Formosan Clouded Leopard
3. decline in population numbers due to poor
reproduction
4. overexploitation of species for human use

► Effects of Extinction of species

extinction can also impact populations of prey, which
can cause dramatic ecosystem and food web changes. passenger Pigeon Pyrenean Ibex.

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Solutions for Conserving Natural Resources
► Controlling deforestation
► Reducing oil, mineral consumption
► More exploration and use of Renewable source of energy
like biogas, biofuels etc
► Protecting wetlands and coastal ecosystem
► Awareness creation
► Treatment of industrial wastes and sewages before release
in the water bodies.
► Rain water harvesting.
► Ensure the recycling of wastes.
► Sustainable farming practices like crop rotation.
► Constructions of reservoirs

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Refferences:

1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants
Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED,
PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications, New Delhi,
India.
4. M.P. Singh, 2005, Environment and Natural Resources Hardcover, Satish Serial Publishing
House, Delhi India.
5. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, India.

Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Natural Resources are Very Important

Say No to Exploitation Say Yes To Conservation

The knowledge of importance of Once you understand the importance of

Natural resources is very essential to natural resources, you will understand
understand the its applications, Global the need of its conservation
need, and future demands

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Summary

We have studied :
► Causes and effects of depletion of
resources
► Overuse of natural resources and its
impacts on environment

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 THANK YOU ALL
Section divider over two lines or three
lines
HAVE A NICE DAY

Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
 Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING
Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

08/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP
 Unit II: Energy Resources
CO 2: Select alternative energy resources for
Engineering Practices
Topic: Types
UO 2b: Describe Renewable, Nonrenewable and Cyclic
resources.
of Natural
Resources
08/07/2020

Written by
What we will learn today? Concept Map
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways:
• Information about various Renewable, Resources
Nonrenewable & Cyclic Resources

Renewable
Contents: 2.2
Resources
1 Renewable Resources
2 Nonrenewable Resources
Non-
3 Cyclic Resources renewable
Resources

Cyclic
Resources

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Renewable Resources

► Resources that can be replenished naturally in the

course of time are called Renewable Resources.
► These energy sources are continuously replenished
at a constant rate.

► Examples of Renewable Resources

1. Solar power
2. Hydro power
3. Wind energy
4. Tidal energy
5. Geothermal energy
6. Biogas

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1. Solar power
► The Sun is a powerful source of energy that provides
the Earth with as much energy every hour as we
collectively use in a year worldwide
► 2,000 millionth unit of solar energy does the earth
intercept
► Solar energy is obtained from the sun by capturing
the solar radiation and converting it into another
form of energy for performing various activities
► Uses:
1. Solar Cooker
2. Solar water heater
3. Solar electricity generator

Solar Paneled Station

Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

2. Hydro power
► Hydro power is the energy derived from the falling water or
running water.
► Falling water is channeled through water turbines which
rotates a shaft and drives an electrical generator, converting
the motion into electrical energy.
► Dams are constructed across the river is used for generating
Hydro electricity

► Uses :
1. Hydropower plants can generate power to the grid
immediately, they provide essential back-up power during
major electricity outages or disruptions.
2. Hydropower efforts produce a number of benefits, such as
flood control, irrigation, and water supply.

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

3. Wind energy
► Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the
atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's
surface, and rotation of the earth.

► Large wind farms consist of hundreds of individual wind

turbines which are connected to the electric power
transmission network.

► Uses:
1. The wind energy can be converted into mechanical and
electrical energies to generate electricity using wind mills.

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

4. Tidal energy
► The energy derived from the rise and fall of the sea
tide is converted into electricity at Sea shore.

► Uses:
1. Tidal energy is used to rotate turbines and generate
electricity.
2. Energy Storage – Tidal Energy can also be used as a
store of Energy.

Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

5. Geothermal energy
► Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated
and stored in the Earth.
► This is the heat of the interior of the earth
present at volcanic regions, geysers or hot
springs.
► Uses:
1. It is utilized to generate electricity.
2. It is used for heating building, raising plants in
greenhouses, drying crops, heating water at fish
farms, and several industrial processes, such as
pasteurizing milk.

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

6. Biogas
► Gobar Gas is a smokeless domestic fuel. It can be
produced from cattle dung and other farm organic
matters.
► The methane gas is generated from Gobar Gas
Plant which having high Calorific value.

► Uses:
1. It is used for cooking purpose as well as for lighting
the out door street lamp.

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 Nonrenewable Resources

► Resources that exist in limited supply and can not be

replaced if they are used up are called Non- renewable
Resources.
► These energy sources are Exhaustible

► Examples of Non-renewable Resources

1. Oil
2. Natural gas
3. Coal
4. Nuclear fuels

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1. Oil
► Liquid petroleum -crude oil- is the only nonrenewable
resource in fluid form.

► Industrial nations, with the U.S. far in the lead, are the
biggest consumers of crude oil.

► Uses:
1. For Getting Gasoline, heating oil, and diesel fuel.
2. Manufacturers utilize oil as the base for Some
products like plastics and industrial chemicals.

Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

2. Natural gas
► Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried
plants, gases, and animals are exposed to intense heat and
pressure over thousands of years.

► Once drillers extract natural gas, processing plants remove

the propane and butane to obtain liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG)

► Uses:
1. LPG is used as a household and industrial fuel
2. LPG is also used as a fuel in Vehicles.

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

3. Coal
► Coal is the product of millions of years of pressure on
original plants organic matter buried underground.
► It is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary
rock.
► Uses:
1. At the power plant, coal is commonly burned in a boiler
to produce steam. The steam is run through a turbine
to generate electricity.
2. It is also used for metallurgical, industrial and domestic
purposes.

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

4. Nuclear fuels

► Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use

of exothermic nuclear processes, to generate
useful heat and electricity.

► The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear

decay and nuclear fusion.

► Uses: Nuclear fuel is used in nuclear power

stations to produce heat to power turbines
for electricity generation.

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Cyclic Resources

► The resources which can be used again and again

after passing through some processes are known
as cyclic resources.

► For example, water used in industry and domestic

ways can be cleaned and used again for similar or
other purpose. Such resources are given the name
of Cyclic Resources.

Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Refferences:

1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants
Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED,
PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications, New Delhi,
India.
4. M.P. Singh, 2005, Environment and Natural Resources Hardcover, Satish Serial Publishing
House, Delhi India.
5. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, India.

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Types of Natural Resources

Renewable Resources NonrenewableResources Cyclic Resources

The knowledge of Natural resources is Once you understand the importance of

very essential to understand the its natural resources, you will understand
applications, Global need, and future the need of its conservation
demands

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Summary

We have studied :

► Renewable Resources
► NonrenewableResources
► Cyclic Resources

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

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Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 20 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024
 Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING
Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

08/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP
 Unit II: Energy Resources

CO 2: Select alternative energy

resources for Engineering Practices Topic:
UO 2a: List various natural Natural
resources.
Resources
08/07/2020

Written by
What we will learn today? Concept Map
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways
Natural Resources
Students can list various natural resources.

Content Forest
Resources
2.1 Natural Resources
1 Forest Resources
Water
2 Water Resources Resources

3 Land Resources
4 Mineral Resources Land
Resources
5 Energy Resources
Mineral
Resources

Energy
Resources

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Natural Resources

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What is Resources?
Any thing, which is useful to man, or can be used to
produce a useful thing, can be referred as ‘resources’.
Example: rocks, minerals, soil, rivers, plants & animal.

Natural Resources
Resources that are drawn directly from the nature and
used without modifications are called Natural
Resources.
Eg.: air, water, minerals etc.

Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 1. Forest Resources

• Forest is an area with a high density of

trees, together with other plants, covering
a large area of land.

• Forests are home to 50% to 90% of earth’s

species.

• These forests produces innumerable

material goods

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Functions of forest resources

Productive • Timber, bamboos, food, essential oils

Functions • Latex, medicines etc.

• Conservation of soil and water

Protective • Prevention of drought
Functions • Protection against wind, cold, radiation, noise.

Regulative • Absorption, storage and release of gases,

water, mineral elements.
Functions

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 2. Water Resources
• Earth is known as the "Blue Planet" because 71 • Fresh Water Sources
% of the Earth's surface is covered with water. 1. Glaciers- 70%
• About 97% of the earth’s water is strong saline. 2. Underground Water- 29%
• The rest 3% is freshwater. 3. Rivers and lakes- 1%
• Only 1 % is pure and usable water.

Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Importance of Water

• Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life.

• Water is one of the most important substance on earth.
• If there is no water there would be no life on earth.
• All plants and animals must have water to survive.
• Water is a renewable but limiting resource.

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Uses of water
Apart from drinking water have many applications.

Agricultural Industrial Household Recreational

Uses Uses Uses Uses

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 3. Land Resources
► Land is among the most important natural
resources. It covers up only 29% of the earth’s
surface
► Land is a naturally occurring finite resource. It
provides the base for survival of living beings.
It holds everything that constitutes terrestrial
ecosystems.

Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Uses of Land Resources
1. Agricultural Land: Agricultural land is typically land devoted
to agriculture.
It is land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.

2. Habitat for animals and plants:. Forest is a habitat for many plants
and animals because it provides a suitable environment for them.

3. Industrial and commercial Area: Commercial area is generally

reserved for businesses like offices, retail stores, restaurants etc

Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Uses of Land Resources
4. Residential Area: Residential area means land used as a permanent
residence, such as a house, apartment, nursing home, school, child care
facility.

5. Waste Disposal Area (Landfills) : Proper solid-waste collection and

disposal is important for the protection of public health, safety, and
environmental quality.

6. Mineral source:Mineral resources are the most important benefits

obtained from land as it accelerate Industrial and economic
development of a country

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 4. Mineral Resources

► Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic,

crystalline solids
With characteristic properties.
► Minerals are exhaustible.

Types of Minerals
1. Metallic minerals – e.g. Bauxite, Hematite, iron,
copper, silver, gold etc

2. Non-metallic minerals – e.g.Coal, Limestone, Marble,

Granite, sand, stone, salt, phosphates etc

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Uses of Minerals
► Development of industrial plants and
machinery.
► Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite,
uranium.
► Construction, housing, settlements.
► Defense equipment weapons, armaments.
► Communication- telephone wires, cables,
electronic devices.
► Jewellery– e.g. Gold, silver, platinum,
diamond.

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 5. Energy Resources
► The substances from which we produce energy are
known as energy sources.
► We need energy for our day to day life.
► The energy we use are of two broad categories:

1.Renewable energy
These energy sources are continuously replenished at a
constant rate.

2.Non-renewable energy
These sources of energy are known as fossil fuels and these
took millions of years to form and cannot be regenerated in a
matter of years.

Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Energy Resources
► Renewable sources of Energy
1. Solar power
2. Hydro power
3. Wind energy
4. Tidal energy
5. Geothermal energy
6. Biogas

► Non-renewable of Energy
1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Natural gas

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 References:

1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants
Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED,
PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications, New Delhi,
India.
4. M.P. Singh, 2005, Environment and Natural Resources Hardcover, Satish Serial Publishing
House, Delhi India.
5. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi, India.

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 Natural Resources

The knowledge of Natural resources is Once you understand the importance of

very essential to understand the its natural resources,
applications, Global need, and future you will understand the need of its
demands conservation

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

Summary
We have studied :
Types of Natural Resources
1. Forest Resources
2. Water Resources
3. Land Resources
4. Mineral Resources
5. Energy Resources

Page 20 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024

 THANK YOU ALL
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lines
HAVE A NICE DAY

Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 21 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1 November 2024