Module 2

Week No: Week 7-9

Title of Module: Conflicts and Controversial Issues in Philippine History

This module consists of (4) lessons namely:

Lesson 1: Site of Magellan’s Voyage Around the World / The First Mass
Lesson 2: Cavite Mutiny
Lesson 3: Retraction of Rizal
Lesson 4: Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin

Overview
Historical sources are primarily written by different authors with various perspectives. In
this module, you will analyze and will do critiquing on how the different accounts written
by different authors are similar and contrasting. The students are also about to receive
varied opinions and statements about a single event for them to understand the event
and its relevance.

Expected Output: Your Face Sounds Familiar, Think Fair Share, Vlog, Quiz
Module Time Allotment (weeks or hours): 1 week/ 3 hours

LESSON 1: Site of Magellan’s Voyage Around the World / The First Mass

ABOUT THE LESSON:

This module discusses the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, attempting to sail
around the world for Spain, and reached the Philippine archipelago. Magellan and his
expedition were the first Europeans to reach the Philippines. Another thing is to analyze
where did the first mass really happen, was it really in Limasawa or Butuan? Debates
continue about the first mass. This lesson will help you to analyze and critique the
different accounts of the First Mass.

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

LO1. Interpret arguments in favor or against a particular issue using

primary sources.

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 LO2. Observe Magellan- Elcano expedition and experience based on the
journal.
LO3. Express the importance of Pigaffeta’s account on the study of
Philippine History.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: Your Face Sounds Familiar, Think Fair

Share, Vlog, Quiz
LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1 week/ 3hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Getting started!

Now that you already know the basic concepts of the study of readings in Philippine
history, we will now be exploring the events that had happened in the past.

Activity 1 Your Face Sounds familiar 1

Direction: Identify the person in the picture. Upload your attachments in our LMS
FORUM entitled “Your Face Sounds Familiar”.

NAME:___________________________

What I know about him_______________

_________________________________

_________________________________

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____________________________________

NAME:________________________________

What do I know about him:__________________

________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

After we have identified the two controversial men in the past, we are now ready to
unlock history.

Historical Context of Magellan’s Expedition

Long before, Europeans are in search

of spices, especially on the search for
Moluccas Island or Spice Island.
Furthermore, some of the benefits they
gained from the crusades were the
discovery of products which are not
available in their country. These
products are composed of porcelain,
silk, incense, herbs, perfumes, fabrics, carpets, spices, and other oriental products.
Asian products have been the most expensive and in-demand of the spices and
commodities they got.

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All of these goods traveled through the Silk Road and the Arabian-Italian trade route.
Both were disrupted by wars, natural calamities, and bandits and expensive. Due to the
closing of the routes they can travel on land together with the conquest of the Ottoman
Empire of Constantinople (present-day Turkey and the “gateway to the west”), Spice
trade in 1453 forced the European Kingdom to look for ways to purchase spices directly
from the source. So they end up searching the ocean.

So one famous navigator put up his maritime school that trained sailors who would later
discover an eastern sea route going to the Spice Islands (the modern-day Moluccas
Islands) and other islands in Southeast Asia via the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian
Ocean. This led to the discovery of many territories previously unknown to the
Europeans.

The union between Queen Isabella of Castille and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469)
coupled with the victory of the catholic
monarchs over the Moors in the battle
of Granada (1492) resulted in the rise of
Spain in the world power. And Spain
started to explore its economic options
outside the Iberian Peninsula. They
financed the trans-Atlantic voyages of
Christopher Columbus (1492-1502)
which resulted in the discovery of
territories on the other side of the Atlantic
Ocean. Years later, Ferdinand Magellan offered his service to the King of Spain that he
will travel westward, a proposal that Portugal declined.

The Magellan-Elcano expedition left the port of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Seville on

August 20, 1519, with around 270 men of different nationalities. One of its main
objectives was to search for a new maritime path to the Spice Islands that would not

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violate Spain’s treaty with Portugal. Along the way, the expedition suffered natural and
man-made challenges, and out of the five ships that left Spain, only three reached in the
Philippines were marked with hospitality and cordial exchanges of goods. The local
inhabitants traded with them and some were even converted to Christianity. Lapu-Lapu,
the chieftain of Mactan, refused to trade with Spaniards and when Magellan learned
this, he waged war with him. Despite their superiority in terms of arms and training, the
Spaniards lost the battle and one of the casualties was Magellan himself. When the
survivors returned to Cebu, they were also treacherously attacked by their former allies.

This prompted them to leave the island. By that time, their number was just enough to
man two ships, the Victoria (now under the command of Juan Sebastian Elcano) and
the Trinidad. The expedition finally reached the Spice Islands and managed to purchase
a large number of spices before leaving. Unfortunately, Trinidad and its crew were
captured by the Portuguese on their journey back.

On September 7, 1522, Elcano and 17 survivors arrived in Spain aboard the ship
Victoria. One of them was Antonio Pigafetta, the Assistant of Magellan who kept a
journal that became the main source of what we know about the first encounter of the
Spaniards and the Filipinos.

For three centuries it was a belief that Mazua was a place near Butuan City in Northern
Mindanao. The Butuan belief persisted from the 17 th to the 19th century. But Limasawa
was identified as the most likely venue in 1894 with the publication of the manuscript of
Pigafetta’s account of Magellan’s voyage- the Ambrosian codex in Milan- in Italian text.

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After having historically aware of what made the Europeans travel the world by water,
this is a great time for you to be fully knowledgeable on where does the first mass
happened in the Philippines as well as the controversies behind it! Come on!

Magellan’s Voyage and First Mass Limasawa or Butuan? Debates, where does the
first mass, happened continues. Decades about the debate on where does the first
mass happened in the archipelago remained unresolved.

As recounted by Pigafetta in his chronicle of Magellan’s expedition in the Philippine

islands starting March 16, 1521, the first Christian Mass celebrated was made in an
island called “Mazaua”.

To be more enlightened about the issue let’s analyze the claims much deeper!

Below are the claims in the controversy for reference.

READING #1 THE CLAIM OVER “BUTUAN

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 First Mass Held in Masao, not in Limasawa (Andres,2017)

On Easter Sunday, March 31, 1521, a mass officiated by the Augustinian Friar
Pedro Valderrama was held on the shore of Masao, Butuan, Agusan del Norte.

At sundown, Magellan planted a wooden cross on the summit of a hill

overlooking the sea. He named the country the Islas de San Lazaro.

Noted historian Dr. Sonia M. Zaide presented the evidence for Masao rather
than Limasawa [an island in Southern Leyte as the site of the first recorded
Mass in the Philippines.

First, in all primary sources including the diary of Antonio Pigafetta, the
chronicler of Magellan's voyage, the name of the place was Mazahua.
Limasawa has four syllables and begins with another letter.

Second, according to primary records, the expedition traveled 20 to 25

leagues from Homonhon, the first landing point. If they had been to Limasawa
Island, the distance is only 14.6 leagues or one-half of that length.

Third, the distance to Cebu from Mazaua according to Pigafetta was 35

leagues [140 miles]. The distance from Limasawa to Cebu is only 80 miles.

Fourth, it was mentioned that the king came to their ship in a balanghai.
Butuan is now the site of at least nine excavated balanghai relics; by contrast,
Limasawa has no significant archeological relics or balanghai tradition.

Fifth, the Western explorers got excited at the abundance of gold in Mazaua,
for that was the main currency at that time. Both archeological relics and the
gold mines today attested to the abundance of gold in the Agusan Valley.

Magellan never landed at Limasawa at all.

On June 19, 1960, the Philippine Congress enacted a bill [R.A. No. 2733]
declaring Limasawa as the place where Magellan celebrated the first recorded
Mass in the Philippines on Easter Sunday, March 31, 1521. President Carlos P.
Garcia did not sign the law because he was not sure of the fact that the

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 'Mazaua' in the Pigafetta Codex is Limasawa.

It was the American historian Emma Helen Blair and John Alexander
Robertson who claimed in 1909 that the island of Mazaua is the present island
of Limasawa without giving any explanation for the identification.

READING #2 THE CLAIM OVER LIMASAWA

1521:“The 1st mass in Limasawa” (Ticzon,2016)

The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was on Easter Sunday of March 31,
1521, officiated by Father Pedro de Valderrama in the shore of a town islet named
Limasawa in the tip of Southern Leyte. Limasawa is dubbed as the birthplace of
Roman Catholicism in the Philippines. . . Landing on Philippine shores: When
Ferdinand Magellan and his European crew sailed from San Lucar de Barrameda
for an expedition to search for spices, these folks landed on the Philippines after
their voyage from other proximate areas. On March 28, 1521, while at sea, they
saw a bonfire which turned out to be Limasawa where they anchored. Blood
compact: The island's sovereign ruler was Rajah Siaiu.

When Magellan and comrades set foot on the grounds of Limasawa, he

befriended the Rajah together with his brother Rajah Kulambu of Butuan. In
those days, it was customary among the indigenous—and in most of southeast
Asia—to seal friendship with a blood compact. On the instigation of Magellan
who had heard the Malayan term for it, casi casi, the new friends performed the
ritual. This was the first recorded blood compact between Filipinos and
Spaniards. Gifts were exchanged by the two parties when the celebration had
ended. . . First mass: On March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered a
mass to be celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the
Andalusion chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Conducted near the shores
of the island, the Holy First Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the

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Philippines. Colambu and Siaiu were the first natives of the archipelago, which
was not yet named "Philippines" until the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
in 1543, to attend the mass among other native inhabitants. . . Planting of the
Cross: In the afternoon of the same day, Magellan instructed his comrades to
plant a large wooden cross on the top of the hill overlooking the sea. Magellan's
chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, who recorded the event said: "After the Cross was
erected in position, each of us repeated a Pater Noster and an Ave Maria, and
adored the Cross; and the kings [Colambu and Siaiu] did the same." Magellan
then took ownership of the islands where he had landed in the name of King
Charles V which he had named earlier on March 16 "Archipelago of Saint
Lazarus" because it was the day of the saint when the Armada reached the
archipelago. . . . Proclamation of the national shrine: On June 19, 1960,
Republic Act No. 2733, called the Limasawa Law, was enacted without being
signed by the President of the Philippines.

The legislative fiat declared The site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the
Province of Leyte (((Where the first Mass in the Philippines was held is hereby
declared a national shrine to commemorate the birth of Christianity in the
Philippine))). Magallanes is east of the island of Limasawa.

READING #3 PIGAFETTA’S ACCOUNT

Excerpt from Pigafetta’s Account

On the island belonging to the king who came to the ship, there are mines of
gold, which they find in pieces as big as walnut or an egg, by seeking in the
ground. All the vessels which he makes use of are made of it, and also some
parts of his house, which was well fitted up according to the custom of the
country, and he was the handsomest man that we saw among these nations. He
had very black hair coming down to his shoulders, with a silk cloth on his head,
and two large gold rings hanging from his ears, he had a cloth of cotton worked
with silk, which covered him from the waist to the knees, at his side he wore a
dagger, with a long handle which was all of gold, its sheath was of carved wood.
Besides he carried upon him scents of storax and benzoin. He was tawny and

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painted all over. The island of this king is named Zuluan and Calagan , and when
these two kings wish to visit one another they come to hunt in this island where
we were. Of these kings the painted king is called Raia Calambu, and the other
Raia Siani.

On Sunday, the last day of March, and feast of Easter, the captain sent the
chaplain ashore early to say mass, and the interpreter went with him to tell the
king that they were not coming on shore to dine with him, but only to hear the
mass. The king hearing that sent two dead pigs. When it was time for saying
mass the captain went ashore with fifty men, not with their arms, but only with
their swords, and dressed as well as each one was able to dress, and before the
boats reached the shore our ships fired six cannon shots as a sign of peace. At
our landing the two kings were there, and received our captain in a friendly
manner, and placed him between them, and then we went to the place prepared
for saying mass, which was not far from the shore.

Before the mass began the captain threw a quantity of musk rose water on those
two kings, and when the offertory of the mass came, the two kings went to kiss
the cross like us, but they offered nothing, and at the elevation of the body of our
Lord they were kneeling like us, and adored our Lord with joined hands. The
ships fired all their artillery at the elevation of the body of our Lord. After mass
had been said each one did the duty of a Christian, receiving our Lord. After that,
the captain had some sword-play by his people, which gave great pleasure to the
kings. Then he had a cross brought, with the nails and crown, to which the kings
made reverence, and the captain had them told that these things which he
showed them were the sign of the emperor his lord and master, from whom he
had charge and commandment to place it in all places where he might go or pass
by.

Think, Pair, Share!

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In this part, you will choose a partner, exchange ideas, and compare your thoughts
about the voyage. According to the accounts discussed, which claims are similar?
where did the mass really happen is it Limasawa or Butuan? Defend your answer. Take
note that finding your pair and exchanging ideas should be done before the scheduled
class. Upload your findings in our LMS FORUM entitled “ WHERE DID THE FIRST
MASS REALLY HAPPENED?

Time to apply it in your daily life!

Activity 2 VLOG

Instructions:

1. In connection with the voyage of Magellan and Pigafetta, they have described the
culture of the Filipinos. Now, create a VLOG and enact Filipino cultural practices,
religious beliefs and traditions. Identify if the following is still practiced nowadays and if
NOT kindly explain the reason behind the extinction of the practice. You may ask your
family member to join you in recreating the instances you will describe.

2. The video should be limited to 5 minutes.

3. Submit it via google drive and paste it on the LMS Forum Tab entitled “Apply-
Magellan’s Voyage ”. Be sure that you have turned on the option on the sharing link so
the teacher can access it.

4. Fil name format: Surename & course-section.

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* This is a graded activity with rubrics. Do your best!

Now that you fully understand how does the first circum-navigation has started and
reached the Philippines, now you will familiarize yourself with the author of Magellan’s
Voyage who is Antonio Pigafetta.

Antonio Pigafetta

During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant

and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in
translating the Cebuano language. It is the first recorded
document concerning the language. Pigafetta's surviving
journal is the source for much of what is known about
Magellan and Elcano's voyage.

Antonio Pigafetta was born around 1490 in the town of

Vicenza, Venice Italy, and the eldest son of Giovanni
Pigafetta to second wife Angela Zoga. He finished the
course astronomy, geography, and cartography, and during his younger years, he
worked in the ships owned by the Knights of Rhodes.

As stated by Thebiblioraphy( 2018), “ Soon he became a great friendship with Magellan,

who accompanied, together with Juan Sebastián Elcano, in the famous expedition to
the Moluccas begun in August of 1519 and finished in September 1522. He was
wounded at the battle of the island of Cebu (Philippines) in which Magellan found death.
The output of Seville made it aboard of the Trinity; the return, along with a handful of
survivors (17 of the 239 who left this adventure), in victory, a ship that entered in
Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) on September 6, the designated year. In the last years
of his life, he traveled by land from France to finally return to Italy in 1523. He wrote the

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relation of that trip, which was the first around the world, Italian and with the title of
Relazioni in lathe to the primo viaggio di circumnavigazione. Notizia del Mondo Nuovo
with figure you dei paesi scoperti, which was published posthumously, in 1536.

The account of Pigafetta is the single most important source about the voyage of
circumnavigation, despite its tendency to include fabulous details. He took notes daily,
as he mentioned when he realizes his surprise at Spain and see that he/she had lost a
day (due to its driving direction). Includes descriptions of numerous animals, including
sharks, the Storm petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus), the pink spoonbill and the Phyllium
orthoptera, an insect similar to a sheet. Pigafetta captured a copy of the latter near
Borneo and kept it in a box, believing a moving blade who lived in the air. His report is
rich in ethnographic details. He/She practiced as an interpreter and came to develop, at
least in two Indonesian dialects.

To know more about the manuscript kindly watch the indicated link on youtube: Bringing
Home The Pigafetta Manuscripts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REHPX4iSxFY

ACTIVITY 3

Prepare for a Quiz

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 RUBRIC FOR VLOG
1
4 3 2 WEIGHTED
CRITERIA NEEDS SCORE
EXCELLENT GOOD SATISFACTORY MEAN
IMPROVEMENT
Student has a
Student has a
fairly clear picture Student has spent
clear picture of Student has
of what he / she is little effort on
what they are brainstormed his /
trying to achieve. brainstorming and
trying to achieve. her concept, but
Student can refining a
Student can no clear focus has
describe what he concept. Student
CONCEPT describe what he emerged for the
/ she is trying to is unclear on the
/ she is trying to team. Student may
do overall but has goals and how his
do and generally describe the
trouble describing / her contributions
how his/her work goals/final product
how his/her work will help himself
will contribute to differently.
will contribute to reach the goal.
the final product.
the final product.
Storyboard
Storyboard Storyboard reflects
reflects
reflects effective attempts at Storyboard
outstanding
planning and planning and reflects very little
STORYBOARD planning and
organization for organization for planning of the
organization for
the visuals in the the visuals in the visuals.
the visuals in the
video. video.
video.
Sound Effects
and music have
Some areas of
been used
primary audio Some areas of
effectively to
may be slightly primary audio are
enhance the
unclear, but do unclear and Little attention
purpose,
not detract from detract from the was paid to
message, and
the overall overall ensuring quality
professional
effectiveness of effectiveness of sound during the
appearance of
the project. These the project. These shoot. Many dead
AUDIO the project.
sounds may not sounds may not areas exist in the
These sounds
deal directly with deal directly with project due to the
deal directly with
the topic of the the topic of the lack of
the topic of the
project, or project, or increase background
project and
increase understanding, or audio.
increase
understanding, or provide clarity of
understanding
provide clarity of purpose.
and provide
purpose.
clarity of
purpose.
Movie length is
Movie length is
somewhat
Movie length is somewhat
Movie length is inappropriate for
highly appropriate for the
appropriate for the scope and
MOVIE appropriate for scope and content
the scope and content of the
DURATION the scope and of the production.
content of the production. It is
content of the The movie may be
production. either too short or
production. a little too short or
two long to be
long.
effective
TOTAL:

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Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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References:

Torres.Batis(Sources in Philippine History).Quezon City. C&E Publishing,Inc. 2018

Mascarinas, Erwin.”Butuan historians ask CBCP to resolve first mass controversy in
city’s favor”. April 04,2012. Retrieved from Minda
News:https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2012/04/butuan-historians-ask-cbcp-to-
resolve-first-mass-controversy-in-citys-favor/
Ticzon Crescenciana. “1521:“The 1st mass in Limasawa”. August 13,2016. Last
accessed July 17,2020. https://www.facebook.com/notes/pandibulacanphilippinesthe-3-
republicsspain1521-worldportugal/1521the-1st-mass-in-limasawa-painterbotong-
francisco/1068209223259827/
Thebiography.” Biography of Antonio Pigafetta”. 2018. Last accessed July 17,2020.
https://thebiography.us/en/pigafetta-antonio
Andres Ian.” FIRST MASS HELD IN MASAO NOT LIMASAWA”. April 01, 2017. Last
accessed July 17,2020. https://www.facebook.com/PearlOfTheOrient.ph/photos/first-
mass-held-in-masao-not-limasawaon-easter-sunday-march-31-1521-a-mass-
offic/1325072200914509/

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LESSON 2: CAVITE MUTINY

ABOUT THE LESSON:

History allows us to observe and understand our past, which in turn allows us to
understand our present. If we want to understand our world. History paints us a detailed
picture of how society, technology, and government worked way back when so that we
can better understand how it works today. First was the Cavite Mutiny in 1872, and the
other was the martyrdom of the three martyr priests. However, not everyone knew that
there were different accounts in reference to the said event. All Filipinos must know the
different sides of the story- since this event led to another tragic yet meaningful part of
our history- the execution of GOMBURZA which in an effort a major factor in the
awakening of nationalism among Filipinos.

Expected Output: CLVG, Think, Pair, Share and Lecture, Deck of Questions,
Summary

Module Time Allotment (weeks or hours): 1 week/ 3 hours

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

LO1. Interpret arguments in favor or against a particular issue using

primary sources
LO2. Reflect on the causes and effects of Cavite Mutiny
LO3. Construct an observation based on the author’s differing perspectives on
the same historical events

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: Fortune Teller, Group Presentation and

Lecture, Quiz, Investigative Report

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1 week/ 3 hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

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Getting started!

Hi, there young historian! After being aware of how Spaniards colonized the Philippines,
kindly click the link below and watch the short clip entitled “Cavite Mutiny” for you to
have a view about our topic for today! Let’s go!

Activity 1 CLVG

Follow the link and watch the video carefully, this will help you in answering the activity.

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/dGRSX8GkBuw

After watching the clip, I’d like you to create your concept of what is a “Mutiny”. Write
your inside the box, and post your answer in our LMS FORUM entitled “CLVG Cavite
Mutiny”.

Let us now explore the lesson. Have you been to Cavite? There are historical events in
the Philippines that happen in this province.

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 THE CAVITE MUTINY was considered by
historians as the birth of Filipino nationalism.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal also considered this famous
event as a turning point in his life. In his writing
according to De Viana and Picadezo (2018),
Rizal included that without the execution of the
three martyred priest, Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr.
Jose Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora and the
mutiny preceded it, he would not have written his
second novel El Filibusterismo and would have written something else. It also invoked
the recruitment rites of the Katipunan in which the new member was made to swear that
he would avenge their cruel fate.

Although this event has been the turning point in

history, the birth of nationalism however goes
even before the Cavite Mutiny and the execution
of the three priests. Nationalism began with the
formation of the middle class in the late 18 th
century and the 19th century as the Philippines
was opened to trade. As trading became more
expansive, families who were entrepreneurs
became affluent and
sent their child to universities in Manila and even in
abroad. These educated people became priests, lawyers, and educators and they
began asking for a greater role in Philippine society, a society which was still then
closed to the advancement of the natives and half-breeds called mestizos. And the
Spaniards saw them as a threat to their dominance and monopoly of power.

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Since most Filipinos have been aware of the anomalies that have existed in the country
because of education, many of them began to see defects in Philippine society that
needs to be changed. They first pointed out the issue of secularization where the
clergy of the missionary orders had to yield their parishes and go back to the
monasteries or to the missionary lands where their Orders originally intended them to
be. From the Filipino seculars, Fr. Gomes who was the
curate of Bacoor defended the peasants of the
Dominican -owned estate of Imus who have been
oppressed by the Dominican owners from the
unjust eviction and very high fees. Most of the
priests on the regular orders have resisted the calls
from the seculars to allow them to serve as parish
priests. On the year 1859 when the Jesuits were
allowed to come back to the Philippines, they took
back parishes once held by Recollects. Then
recollects took back parishes held by seculars. And
this vent caused a clamor among the secular
clergy.

On the liberal administration of Governor-

General Carlos Ma. De La Torre, many came
out into the open and celebrated what they
have considered a new era especially those
Filipinos who are asking for change. He
showed good deeds to the Filipinos and
sugarcoated his self as a friend to the Filipinos,
he used the occasion to classify them as
possible trouble makers.

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Years after, he was replaced by Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo. He then
changed all the policies of his predecessors including the school of arts and trades
because of the fear that it might be used to create political clubs. He also outlawed all
discussion of political and social reform and
secularization of churches.

Izquierdo lastly implemented a raise on taxes

and restored forced labor to the employees of
the naval arsenal of Cavite. It resulted on a
labor strike that became a mutiny when it was
joined by soldiers.

Cavite Mutiny happened on January 20, 1872

in which 200 soldiers believed that they will be joined by soldiers from Manila. After
taking over the arsenal ringleaders headed by Sergeant Lamadrid found that they were
alone and their mutiny was crushed the next day. Spaniards used the event to get rid of
troublesome seculars and liberal laymen in one fell swoop. They have been accused of
being part of the conspiracy on the separation of the Philippines from Spain. It leads to
the arrest of the leading figures and resulted in the execution of four personnel including
the three priests and the deportation of several others.

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 Now that you have an idea about Cavite Mutiny, you can now go
further. What are the different historical versions of Cavite Mutiny? Continue your
search for truth!

READING #1 THE CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872 AND

THE MARTYRDOM OF GOMBURZA by Edmund
Plauchut
was a French writer who was then residing in Manila
and witnessed the execution of the GOMBURZA . It
was officially published originally in Parisian periodical
Revue deux mondes (Review of the Two Worlds),
March, April and June 1877.

Historical Account
On January 20, 1872, two hundred Filipinos employed at the Cavite arsenal staged a
revolt against the Spanish government’s voiding of their exemption from the payment of
tributes. The Cavite Mutiny led to the persecution of prominent Filipinos; secular priests
Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora who would then be collectively
named GomBurZa were tagged as the masterminds of the uprising. The priests were
charged with treason and sedition by the Spanish military tribunal a ruling believed to be
part of a conspiracy to stifle the growing popularity of Filipino secular priests and the
threat they posed to the Spanish clergy. The GomBurZa were publicly executed, by
garrote, on the early morning of February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan.

Late in the night of the 15th of February 1872, a Spanish court martial found three

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secular priests, Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, guilty of treason as
the instigators of a mutiny in the Kabite navy-yard a month before, and sentenced them
to death. The judgement of the court martial was read to the priests in Fort Santiago
early in the next morning and they were told it would be executed the following day…
Upon hearing the sentence, Burgos broke into sobs, Zamora lost his mind and never
recovered it, and only Gomez listened impassively, an old man accustomed to the
thought of death.

When dawn broke on the 17th of February there were almost forty thousand of Filipinos
(who came from as far as Bulakan, Pampanga, Kabite and Laguna) surrounding the
four platforms where the three priests and the man whose testimony had convicted them, a
former artilleryman called Saldua, would die.

The three priests followed Saldua: Burgos ‘weeping like a child’, Zamora with vacant
eyes, and Gomez head held high, blessing the Filipinos who knelt at his feet, heads
bared and praying. He was next to die. When his confessor, a Recollect friar , exhorted
him loudly to accept his fate, he replied: “Father, I know that not a leaf falls to the
ground but by the will of God. Since He wills that I should die here, His holy will be
done.”

Zamora went up the scaffold without a word and delivered his body to the executioner;
his mind had already left it.

Burgos was the last, a refinement of cruelty that compelled him to watch the death of his
companions. He seated himself on the iron rest and then sprang up crying: “But what
crime have I committed? Is it possible that I should die like this. My God, is there no
justice on earth?”

A dozen friars surrounded him and pressed him down again upon the seat of the
garrote, pleading with him to die a Christian death. He obeyed but, feeling his arms tied
round the fatal post, protested once again: “But I am innocent!”

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“So was Jesus Christ,’ said one of the friars.” At this Burgos resigned himself. The
executioner knelt at his feet and asked his forgiveness. “I forgive you, my son. Do your
duty.” And it was done.

Veneracion quotes Leon Ma. Guerrero’s The First Filipino: “We are told that the crowd,
seeing the executioner fall to his knees, suddenly did the same, saying the prayers to
the dying. Many Spaniards thought it was the beginning of an attack and fled panic-
stricken to the Walled City.”)

The martyrdom of the three secular priests would resonate among Filipinos; grief and
outrage over their execution would make way for the first stirrings of the Filipino
revolution, thus making the first secular martyrs of a nascent national identity. Jose
Rizal would dedicate his second novel, El Filibusterismo, to the memory of GomBurZa, to
what they stood for, and to the symbolic weight their deaths.

READING # 21872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective by Jose Montero Y Vidal

and Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo

Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian

documented the event and highlighted it as an attempt of
the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the
Philippines.

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Historical Accounts
Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo’s official report magnified the event and made use of it to
implicate the native clergy, which was then active in the call for secularization. The two
accounts complemented and corroborated with one other, only that the general’s report
was more spiteful. Initially, both Montero and Izquierdo scored out that the abolition of
privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal such as non-payment of tributes
and exemption from forced labor were the main reasons of the “revolution” as how they
called it, however, other causes were enumerated by them including the Spanish
Revolution which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated by
unrestrained press, democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets reaching
the Philippines, and most importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of
animosity against the Spanish friars, “conspired and supported” the rebels and enemies
of Spain.

In particular, Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish Press for “stockpiling” malicious
propagandas grasped by the Filipinos. He reported to the King of Spain that the
“rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish government to install a new “hari” in the likes
of Fathers Burgos and Zamora. The general even added that the native clergy enticed
other participants by giving them charismatic assurance that their fight will not fail
because God is with them coupled with handsome promises of rewards such as
employment, wealth, and ranks in the army. Izquierdo, in his report lambasted the
Indios as gullible and possessed an innate propensity for stealing.

The two Spaniards deemed that the event of 1872 was planned earlier and was thought
of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos or native
lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy. They insinuated that the
conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers to
be followed by the massacre of the friars. The alleged pre-concerted signal among the
conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the firing of rockets from the walls of Intramuros.

According to the accounts of the two, on 20 January 1872, the district of Sampaloc

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celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, unfortunately participants to the feast
celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays. Allegedly, those in Cavite
mistook the fireworks as the sign for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon, the
200-men contingent headed by Sergeant Lamadrid launched an attack targeting
Spanish officers at sight and seized the arsenal.

When the news reached the iron-fisted Gov. Izquierdo, he readily ordered the
einforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt. The “revolution” was
easily crushed when the expected reinforcement from Manila did not come ashore.
Major instigators including Sergeant Lamadrid were killed in the skirmish, while the
GOMBURZA were tried by a court-martial and were sentenced to die by strangulation.
Patriots like Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose and Pio Basa and
other abogadillos were suspended by the Audencia (High Court) from the practice of
law, arrested and were sentenced with life imprisonment at the Marianas Island.
Furthermore, Gov. Izquierdo dissolved the native regiments of artillery and ordered the
creation of artillery force to be composed exclusively of the Peninsulares.

On 17 February 1872 in an attempt by the Spanish government and Frailocracia to

instill fear among the Filipinos so that they may never commit such daring act again, the
GOMBURZA were executed. This event was tragic but served as one of the moving
forces that shaped Filipino nationalism.

READING # 3 A RESPONSE TO INJUSTICE: THE FILIPINO VERSION OF THE

CAVITE MUTINY by Dr. Trinidad Pardo Tavera

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 Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera, a
Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the Filipino
version of the bloody incident in Cavite. In his point
of view, the incident was a mere mutiny by the native
Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal
who turned out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges.

Historical Accounts
Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the abolition of
privileges of the workers and native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition of
the founding of school of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which the general believed as
a cover-up for the organization of a political club. On 20 January 1872, about 200 men
comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents of Cavite headed by
Sergeant Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and Spanish
officers insight. The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the army
unfortunately, that didn’t happen. The news about the mutiny reached authorities in
Manila and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the reinforcement of Spanish troops in
Cavite. After two days, the mutiny was officially declared subdued.

Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a
powerful lever by magnifying it as a full-blown conspiracy involving not only the native
army but also included residents of Cavite and Manila, and more importantly the native
clergy to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. It is noteworthy that
during the time, the Central Government in Madrid announced its intention to deprive
the friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and the direction
and management of educational institutions. This turnout of events was believed by
Tavera, prompted the friars to do something drastic in their dire sedire to maintain

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power in the Philippines.

Meanwhile, in the intention of installing reforms, the Central Government of Spain

welcomed an educational decree authored by Segismundo Moret promoted the fusion
of sectarian schools run by the friars into a school called Philippine Institute. The
decree proposed to improve the standard of education in the Philippines by requiring
teaching positions in such schools to be filled by competitive examinations. This
improvement was warmly received by most Filipinos in spite of the native clergy’s zest
for secularization.

The friars, fearing that their influence in the Philippines would be a thing of the past,
took advantage of the incident and presented it to the Spanish Government as a vast
conspiracy organized throughout the archipelago with the object of destroying Spanish
sovereignty. Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe that
the scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars.

Convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny were sentenced life
imprisonment while members of the native clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were
tried and executed by garrote. This episode leads to the awakening of nationalism and
eventually to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution of 1896. The French writer
Edmund Plauchut’s account complimented Tavera’s account by confirming that the
event happened due to discontentment of the arsenal workers and soldiers in Cavite
fort. The Frenchman, however, dwelt more on the execution of the three martyr priests
which he witnessed.

Activity 2 Think, Pair, Share!

In this part, you will choose a partner, exchange ideas and compare your thoughts
about the Cavite Mutiny. According to the accounts discussed, which and what claims
are similar? What claims are different? Elaborate your answer. Take note that finding
your pair and exchanging ideas should be done before the scheduled class. Upload
your findings in our LMS FORUM entitled “ CAVITE MUTINY?”

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ACTIVITY 3 DECK OF QUESTIONS

Direction:Answer the following questions. Make sure to answer it briefly and precisely
this is a graded activity. Upload your answers in our LMS in the activity entitled “Deck of
Questions”.

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For further information, kindly watch the link below on youtube.

The Cavite Mutiny and The Execution of GOMBURZA: https://youtu.be/8QEONU43690

According to Pugay(2012) of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines,

Considering the accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, some basic facts remained to be
unvarying:

First, there was dissatisfaction among the workers of the arsenal as well as the
members of the native army after their privileges were drawn back by Gen. Izquierdo;

Second, Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and strict policies that made the Filipinos move
and turn away from the Spanish government out of disgust;

Third, the Central Government failed to investigate what truly transpired but relied on
reports of Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion of the public;

Fourth, the happy days of the friars were already numbered in 1872 when the Central
Government in Spain decided to deprive them of the power to intervene in government
affairs as well as in the direction and management of schools prompting them to commit
frantic moves to extend their stay and power;

Fifth, the Filipino clergy members actively participated in the secularization movement
to allow Filipino priests to take hold of the parishes in the country making them prey to
the rage of the friars;

Sixth, Filipinos during the time were active participants, and responded to what they
deemed as injustices; and Lastly, the execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the
part of the Spanish government, for the action severed the ill-feelings of the Filipinos
and the event inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and eventually independence.

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There may be different versions of the event, but one thing is certain, the 1872 Cavite
Mutiny paved way for a momentous 1898.

The road to independence was rough and tough to toddle, many patriots named and
unnamed shed their blood to attain reforms and achieve independence. 12 June 1898
may be a glorious event for us, but we should not forget that before we came across to
victory, our forefathers suffered enough. As we enjoy our freedom, may we be more
historically aware of our past to have a better future ahead of us. And just like what
Elias said in Noli me Tangere, may we “not forget those who fell during the night.”

RUBRIC FOR DECK OF QUESTIONS

1
5 3 2 WEIGHTED
CRITERIA NEEDS SCORE
EXCELLENT GOOD SATISFACTORY MEAN
IMPROVEMENT
The paper is
clear and
The writer is
focused. It holds The paper is
beginning to define The topic is not
the reader's mostly focused
the topic, even well-defined
IDEAS attention. and has some
though and/or there are
Relevant details good details and
development is still too many topics
and quotes quotes.
basic or general.
enrich the
central theme.
The organization
enhances and
showcases the
The paragraphs The organizational Sentences within
central idea or
are mostly structure is strong paragraphs make
theme. The
organized, in enough to move sense, but the
ORGANIZATION order, structure
order, and the reader through order of
of information is
makes sense to the text without too paragraphs does
compelling and
the reader. much confusion. not.
moves the
reader through
the text.
The writing has
an easy flow,
rhythm, and
The reader has to
cadence. The writing
practice quite a bit
Sentences are mostly flows, The text seems
SENTENCE in order to give
well built, with and usually choppy and is not
FLUENCY this paper a fair
strong and invites oral easy to read orally.
interpretive
varied structure reading.
reading.
that invites
expressive oral
reading.
The writer The write The writer shows The writer seems
demonstrates a understands reasonable control to have made little
good grasp of good writing over a limited effort to use
CONVENTIONS
standard writing conventions and range of standard conventions:
conventions and usually uses writing spelling,
uses them correctly. conventions. punctuation,

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 conventions Paper is easily Conventions are capitalization,
effectively to read, and errors sometimes usage, grammar
enhance are rare; minor handled well and and/or
readability touch-ups would enhance paragraphing
get this piece readability; at other have multiple
ready to publish. times, errors are errors.
distracting and
impair readability.
The form and
presentation of
the text The format only
The writer's
enhances the has a few
The writer's message is only
ability for the mistakes and is
message is understandable
PRESENTATION reader to generally easy to
understandable in occasionally, and
understand and read and
this format. paper is messily
connect with the pleasing to the
written.
message. It is eye.
pleasing to the
eye.
TOTAL:

References:

De Viana et al.,.Pahiwatig (A Guide in Understanding Readings in Philippine History).

Mandaluyong City. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. 2018

Pugay Chris Antonette.” The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny”. September
05,2012. Retrieved from National Historical Commission:http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-
faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/

Veneracion, Jaime."Towards the Awakening of the National Spirit”. April 07, 2013. Last
accessed July 17,2020.
https://www.facebook.com/sampakabulacan/posts/506495399414762

Malacanang Palace.” The martyrdom of GomBurZa”. 2017. Last accessed July

17,2020. http://malacanang.gov.ph/7695-the-martyrdom-of-the-gomburza/

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LESSON 3: RETRACTION OF RIZAL

ABOUT THE LESSON:

Jose Rizal’s Retraction Controversy many historians argue whether Rizal
retracted what he had stated about the Catholic Church or not. From Rizal’s statement:
"I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications, and conduct
have been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church.", some says
that this document is a forgery and the other are asserting that it’s authentic and Rizal
was the only who wrote and signed the retraction paper. There are arguments found
that depend on both claims. But the only thing is, even if Rizal retracted or not, the
knowledge he inculcated in us will not change.

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

LO1. Analyze the conflicting views/accounts about the Rizal retraction
LO2. Calibrate the statements of Pio Pi, Father Balaguer, Rafael Palma, and
Austin Coates on Rizal’s Retraction
LO3. Perform an interview on the viewpoints about the retraction manifesting the
possible effect in Philippine History.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: My thought , Group Activity , Interview- Vlog ,

Quiz

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1 week/ 3 hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Do you have any idea about “fake news”? Follow the link and read the article

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Fake news: http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2017/06/26/1713616/fake-news

Activity 1 My thought!

From the article that you read, what is the concept of fake news?

_____________________________________________________________________

Do you think that fake news can be found in historical accounts of the Philippines?

____________________________________________________________________

*Upload your answers in our LMS FORUM in the activity entitled “Uncover-My Thought”.

One of the most contested in the study of Philippine history is the retraction of Dr. Jose
P. Rizal. Do you think that there was “fake news” circulated during the last hour of
Rizal? Want to know the truth? Read and analyze the selected reading accounts from
Fr. Vicente Balaguer, Fr. Pio Pi, and analysis of
Rafael Palma, and Austine Coate. This will be a
long journey of reading, so make sure that you are
prepared.

READING #1. FR. VICENTE BALAGUER’S

STATEMENTS

Fr. Vicente Balaguer is a Jesuit priest who came

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to visit Dr. Jose Rizal at his last hours in Fort Santiago and he claimed that he manages
to encourage Rizal to retract and denounce Masonry and get back to the Catholic faith.
He also stated that he was the one who solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken
and Rizal before his execution.

At about 10 o’clock in the morning (December 29), Father Vilaclara and I went to Fort
Santiago, where the chapel cell of the convict was. He received us with great affection
and embraced us. I think it convenient to point out that when the Archbishop sent his
commission to the Ateneo, he remarked that, in case of conversion, before ministering
the sacraments to him, Dr. Rizal should make a retraction of errors publicly professed to
him in words and writings and a profession of the Catholic faith. To this effect, when the
Father Superioir of the Mission went to the Archbishop’s Palace, he brought by way of
precaution a retraction and profession of faith, concise, but including what he thought
out to be extracted from Dr. Rizal. The Prelate read it, declared it to be sufficient. He
said, however, that he would prepare or order to prepare another more extensive one.

Before going to the Fort, I went to the Palace to receive orders and instructions from the
Prelate. The Archbishop gave me the formula of retraction and profession of faith,
composed by reverend Fr. Pio Pi.

Therefore, when we, the two Fathers, met him in the chapel, after exchanging greetings
with him and talking on various matters, I, who knew the history and errors contained in
his books, in order to fulfill our delicate mission asked Rizal to give an explanation of his
ideas on religion…. He came to say more or less explicitly that his rule of faith was the
word of God contained in the Sacred Scripture. I tried to make him see how false and
indefensible such a criterion was, inasmuch as without the authority to the church he
could not be sure of the authenticity of the Holy Scripture or of the books truly revealed
by God; how absolutely impossible it is for the individual reason to interpret at his will
the word of God. Then he declared himself openly a rationalist freethinker, unwell to

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admit any other criterion of truth than individual reason.

I then pointed out to him that absurdity of rationalism for the lack of instruction of the
immense majority of humankind, and for the absurd monstrous errors professed by the
greatest sages of paganism….. When I attacked him with the arguments of Catholic
doctrine, he began to expound the objections of the heretics and rationalists a thousand
times refuted already… When I attacked him with logic and evidence of Catholic truth, I
told him with energy that if he did not yield his mind and his reason for the sake of faith,
he weould soon appear for judgement before God would surely be damned. Upon
hearing this threat, tears gushed from his eyes, and he said: “No I will not damn myself”

“Yes,”--I replied--”You will go to hell, for, whether you like it or not. Yes; out of the
Catholic Church there is no salvation. Truth is and cannot be but one…

At three o’clock or a little past three, I returned to the Royal Fort where father Vilaclara
had remained, and I resumed the discussion with Dr. Rizal, that lusted until dusk,
arriving at the point which I have already indicated. Then I went to the Ateneo and
thence I went with Father Viza to the palace. There I reported on the condition of the
convict, who offered some hope for conversion, since he asked for the formula of the
retraction. Hence, I requested the Prelate for the formula he had promised, and he told
me that it was not yet finished. Soon he would send it to me.

It was already night when I arrived at the Fort. I found DR. Rizal impatient. He asked for
the formula of the Prelate. This came at last, at about ten o’clock; upon knowing it, the
convicts asked me for it insistently. Without letting me read it first, he called and asked
me to read it to him.

Both of us sat at a desk, where there was stationary and I began to read it. Upon
hearing the first paragraph, he told me: “Father, do not proceed. That style is different
from mine. I cannot sign that, because it should be understood that I am writing myself”.

I brought out then the shorter and more concise formula of Father Pi. I read the first
paragraph and he said to me: “That style is simple as mine. Don’t bother, Father, read it

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all. Dictate what I ought to profess and express, and I shall write, making in any case
some remarks.”

And thus it was done. As I suggested the idea, he proceeded to write with steady hand
and clear letters, making at time some observation or adding some phrase. Certainly,
after the discussion, Dr. Rizal was yielding to the impulse of grace, since he had retired
into himself and prayed as he promised. Thus he appeared to be while wqriting his
retraction…

He finished the writing, and thus it remained. It was half past eleven; it was dated
December 29th ….

This declaration of retraction was signed together with Dr. Rizal by Senor Fresno, Chief
of the PIcket, and Senor Moure, Adjutant of the Plaza…..

After all these acts… he knelt down of his own accord before the altar of the VIrgin,
placed in the chapel cell. In the presence of the Fathers, of the judge Advocate, of the
Chief of the Picket, of the Adjutant of the Plaza, of thee artillery officers, Rizal asked me
for his retraction and profession of faith. He proceeded to read it with pause and
devotion….

Of all that has been narrated, I am positive by personal knowledge. I have personally
intervened and witnessed it myself; and I subscribe and confirm it with an oath. And
lest, perhaps, someone may think that I could not remember it with so many details,
after twenty years, I testify that on the very day of Rizal’s death I wrote a very detailed
account of everything. The original of this account I have preserved, and from it I have
taken all the data of the present narration.

Before Rizal reached Bagumbayan, I went to the Ateneo and delivered the
aforementioned document to Father Pio Pi, who that very day brought it to the Palace
and he handed it to Archbishop Nozaleda.

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READING #2. FR. PIO PI’s STATEMENT

In 1917, Fr. Pio Pi was the Jesuit Superior in the country especially in time of the
Rizal execution. In this year, he issued an affidavit telling his involvement in the
alleged retraction of our dear Dr. Jose Rizal. Compared to Fr. Balaguer, he was
only indulged in securing the retraction document of the Archbishop of Manila
who is Bernardino Nozaleda, and another shorter retraction document as well
which was the one Rizal allegedly copied.

On the eve of the day when Dr. Rizal was put in the chapel, that is, on December
28th, I received the commission, which Archbishop Nozaleda entrusted to the
Jesuit Fathers, for the spiritual care of the convict. We accept it mos eagerly, not
only because it came from the venerable Prelate, but especially because of its
object was to reconcile with God and with the Church, and to save the soul of him
who had our very distinguished and dear pupil. Rizal had always preserved for
us, the Jesuits, special esteem and affection even after his enstrangement from
the Church and had rendered us good service.

Even though I myself, who had not been acquainted personally with Rizal, did not
visit him. All the Fathers who remained with him during his stay in the chapel or
who accompanied him to Bagumbayan, the place of the execution, went there at
my request or with my knowledge, and they kept me informed of all the
happenings….

In regard to conversion, at the beginning, not a little difficulty was found in

convincing and persuading him. A long discussion, to which he maintained

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principally with Father Balaguer, became necessary in order to revive in that soul
the faith of old and his Christian sentiments. At last, he surrendered so willingly
and so completely, and the proofs of religiousness and piety were such and so
many that, with much less, the most exacting person would have been satisfied.
He was right indeed when he said, wondering at the change wrought in himself,
that he was the Rizal of some time ago, but another entirely different…..

When the retraction was to be subscribed to, he found certain objections in the
form of the composition presented by Father Balaguer, the one sent by
Archbishop. The one which I had made was shorter although conclusive, and this
pleased him. Nevertheless, to make it appear more of his own and spontaneous,
he wished to introduce some little modifications. He wrote entirely in his own
hand and signed it with a steady hand…. Beneath Rizal’s signature, the Chief of
the Picket, Juan del Fresno, and the Adjutant of the Plaza, Eloy Moure, also
signed as witness.

Not satisfied with signing so explicit an adjuration, Rizal himself, without

pressure from anyone, took into his hands his own document and knelt down
before the altar of the chapel. Aloud and slowly, and even with a certain
solemnity, he read his own retraction.

After reading the statements by the priests before the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal, it's
now time to read some of the great lawyers and writers who made a critical analysis of
the accounts.

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 GROUP WORK!
Kindly visit your LMS for your groupings and instructions.

ANALYSIS # 1. RAFAEL PALMA’S CRITICAL

ANALYSIS

Rafael Palma who was a lawyer, writer, educator and

politician was the author of Biografia de Rizal, which
discusses the life of our National Hero and won a literary
contest in the 1938 sponsored by the Commonwealth
Government. Publications of his book was delayed due to the World War II but resumed
and printed in 1949. The story of Rizal’s alleged retraction was found in Chapters 32
and 33 with Palma’s analysis in the latter chapter.

ime in this work, those who should have spoken from the beginning
their direct intervention in the act of conversion and retraction of
and confirm in all its parts the narrative which appeared in 1897 in
Obra. That should e conclusive; but that is not. All the declarations
are those of ecclesiastics and their friends, and it is to be supposed
latter would not contradict the version given by the former. The only
at might be considered impartial is that of Taviel de Andrade, he
nsel of Rizal, but his testimony to the conversion of Rizal is mere
t is to say, what he heard the priests say, and that diminishes its
uch.

sider the weight and value of these testimonies which to be partial

d. We do not ignore the respect that is due to the sacred character
ns; but as Brustus said, “ You are a friend, but truth is a greater
y, we must consider whether
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Brgy. coetaneous
Kumintang Ibaba, acts performed
Batangas by the
City 4200, Philippines
l authorities orTelephone
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government
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are in accord with the belief that
en converted for if they are not, they would not produce the moral
t is needed.
 Well, then, these acts tend to demonstrate that Rizal was not reconciled with
the Catholic church, judging from the way they treated him after his death. In
the first place, the document of retraction was kept secret so that no one
except the authorities was able to see it at that time. Only copies of it were
furnished the newspapers, but, with the exception of one person, nobody saw
the original. In fact, this original was kept in sch a way that it was not found
until after thirty years had transpired.

In the second place, when the family of Rizal asked for the original of said
document or a copy of it as well as a copy of the certificate of canonical
marriage with Josephine Bracken, both petitions were denied.

In the third place, Rizal’s burial was kept secret, the cadaver having been
delivered to the members of a Catholic association friendly to the friars instead
of being delivered to the family, who had claimed it. How is Christian charity
applied to one who die within the Church if not even the desire of his family to
bury him on their own account is respected?

In the fourth place, in site of what Rizal meant to the Filipinos and of what his
conversion meant, no masses were said for his soul or funeral held by the
Catholics.

In the Fifth place, notwithstanding (the claim) that Rizal was reconciled with the
church, he was not buried in the Catholic cemetery of Paco but in the ground
Address:without
Hilltop Road,
anyBrgy. Kumintang
cross or Ibaba,
stoneBatangas
to markCity 4200,
his Philippines
grave. Only the diligence of the family
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was able to identify the spot where he was buried.
In the sixth place, the entry in the book burials of the interment of Rizal’s body is not
made on the page with those buried on December 30, 1896, where there were as many
as six entries, but on a special page wherein appear those buried by special orders of
the authorities. Thus, Rizal figures on a page between a man who burned to death and
who could not be identified and another who died by suicide; in other words, he was
considered among the persons who died impenitent and did not received spiritual aid. In
the seventh and last place, there was no moral motive for the conversion. The
extraordinary or abnormal acts of a person are always to some reason or rational
motive. What was the motive that could have induced him to adjure masonry and
reconcile himself to the rites of the religion which he had fought? Did he not realize that
to do so was to be a renegade to his own history?

Rizal was a man of character and he had demonstrated it in his many circumstances of
his life. He was not likely to yield his ideas because his former preceptors and teachers
talked to him. They did it in Dapitan and did not obtain any result. Why would he be
renounce his religious ideas for a few hours more of life?

In short, Rizal’s conversion was a pious fraud to make the people believe that the
extraordinary man broke down and succumbed before the church which he had fought.
The archbishop was interested in his conversion for political motives, and the Jesuits
lent themselves as his instrument. The example of Rizal would have great resonance in
the whole country and it was necessary to bolster the drooping prestige of religion with
his abjuration. What if Rizal was a man of valor and convictions and his conversion
would be unbelievable? So much the better. The interest of religion was above him. His
aureole of glory had to be done away with if necessary. What did it matter? He was only
an indio.

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ANALYSIS #2. AUSTINE COATES’s CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Austine Coate was a British civil servant, writer,

and traveler. During his service as Assistant
Colonial Secretary and Magistrate in Hongkong in
1950, he became interested in writing about Rizal.
His awareness towards Rizal led him in writing and
publication of his book “ Rizal Philippine Nationalist
And Martyr (Oxford University Press, 1956). It is
the first Rizal biography written by a European
since Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jose Rizal by
Wenceslao Retana in 1907. His analyses about the retraction were in Part VII, Chapter
5 of the book.

The morning after the execution the newspapers of Manila and Madrid recorded the
event, ad announced that on the eve of his death, Rizal had retracted his religious
errors, adjured freemasonry, and in the last hours of his life had married Josephine
Bracken. In most newspapers, the text of a letter of retraction supposedly written by
Rizal was printed in full. By the government, the announcement was sent to Spanish
consulates abroad with the request to obtain for it the widest possible publicity.

Those who had read Rizal’s books or who knew him closely, which at that time meant

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the family and his wide circle of personal friends, most of whom were abroad, took one
look at the announcement and dubbed it…. an ecclesiastical fraud.

While unquestionably a fraud, however to suggest that the archbishop’s announcement

was issues knowingly, or that there was a plot among the higher ecclesiastical
authorities to perpetrate a fraud is going too far. The nature of society within the church,
the society of priests, it such as to render it virtually impossible for such things to
happen. When frauds occur, they are not the planed work of the church as an
organization, though this may be what it looks like to outsiders; they are usually the
work of a small man with his own idea; and the Church, if unwittingly it accepts the fraud
as genuine, has to protect him. Rizal believed that there was a strong likelihood of
fraud, and that the prime mover in this would be the friar archbishop. It was the friars
who wanted his retraction. But while in the event Rizal’s intuition did not play him false,
there is no evidence to implicate Nozaleda. Along came a small man with what the
Archbishop wanted.

Balaguer had the intelligence to perceive that everything depended on the speed of the
audacity with which he declared his success. The archbishop was wanting for a
retraction, hoping for it. When news of it came he would announce it immediately, after
which it would be too late for any of Balaguer;s colleagues to gainsay it.

Certainly, there was no signed letter of retraction. Rizal knew too well the damage such
a letter would do him, besides which he believed before God he had nothing to retract.

Finally, there is the minor point that in view of the public disbelief the Archbishop’s
statement provoked, had there been a signed retraction letter it would certainly have
been produced for inspection, particularly to the Rizal family, who asked to see it, and to

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many of whom to Teodoro Alonso would have been a source of consolation.

Once the execution was over, and Vilaclara and march returned to be faced with
Balaguer’s claims, the fraud was apparent to the Jesuits, but it was already too late to
rectify matters.

What appears with complete certainty is that neither Pio Pi y Vidal nor any of the Jesuits
of probity believed that Rizal had retracted and died confessed. Had Vilaclara and
March, who were with Rizal at his execution, been satisfied that there had been a
retraction, it is inconceivable that they would not have given him Christian burial. The
Jesuits had been entrusted by the Archbishop with the spiritual care of condemned
man; and it was their responsibility, if they were satisfied that he had died confessed, to
see he was decently buried. This the two Jesuits at the execution did not do….

The Rizal family found it difficult to accept either the retraction or the marriage. They
knew their brother; they knew that if he had retracted he would certainly have so in his 6
am communication to his mother, knowing the consolation it would have given her.

Difficulties began as disbelief spread, and they were deepened by Balaguer’s urge to
elaborate and to see himself publicly praised. As he affirmed on oath in 1909, he settled
down that very night, 29 December, to write his account, in which, since he intended it
to be published anonymously, be included much praise of himself, an aspect which,
since he admitted the authorship, render him a sorry and rather absurd figure.

Balaguer had in fact damaged the Church’s case. Worse tha this, he had unwittingly
revealed his own fraud. In his account, he made no mention of the Ultimo Adios.

That Rizal on that night of the 29th wished to write verses Balaguer knew; he told a
journalist about it. But when the following morning only letters, books and an alcohol
burner remained to be disposed of by the authorities, erroneously concluded that no
poem had been written and thus made no mention of it in his account, thereby revealing

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the truth, which was that he was not within Fort Santiago during the middle of that last
night, and had no knowledge of what was then taking place…

Not only did Balaguer in his account not mention the poem; he made his account so
elaborate that Rizal is allowed no time in which to write; and only a glance at the Ultimo
Adios is needed to show that it would have taken several hours to write…

After reading the analysis, do you think Rizal really retracted? How do you say so?

Activity 4 InterviewVLOG

Instructions

1. Interview your family member and ask them:

⚫ Do you know something about the retraction of Rizal? If not, what do you know
about Rizal?

⚫ If yes, do you personally believe that Rizal have retracted?

⚫ How can you apply the lessons of Rizal’s life in your personal life?

2. Kindly provide a copy of the response with your conclusion.

3. Upload it in our LMS using a google Drive link in the activity entitled “InterviewVlog”.
Be sure that the options on the link sharing are turned on so your teacher can access it.

4. File name format: Surename-Interview Vlog-Course-Section

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That was a long reading! To further widen your knowledge continue here are some
extra readings for the lesson.

According to Santos (2011), because of the retraction

letter found by Father Manuel Garcia, C.M. in 1935 this
issue has been a favorite subject on debates up to the
present. It stated: “I declare myself a Catholic and in this
religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live
and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words,
writings, publications, and conduct has been contrary to
my character as the son of the Catholic Church.”

The controversy whether the

National Hero wrote a retraction document only lies in the judgment of its reader, as no
amount of proof can probably make the two opposing groups, the Masonic Rizalists
(who firmly believe that Rizal did not withdraw) and the Catholic Rizalists (who were
convinced Rizal retracted) agree with each other.

PROOFS (DOCUMENTS)

History books tell most people that the first draft of the retraction was sent by
Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda to Rizal’s cell in Fort Santiago the night before his
execution in Bagumbayan. But Rizal was said to have rejected the draft because it was
lengthy.

According to a testimony by Father Vicente Balaguer, a Jesuit missionary who

befriended the hero during his exile in Dapitan, Rizal accepted a shorter retraction

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document prepared by the superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, Father Pio
Pi.

Rizal then wrote his retraction after making some modifications to the document. In his
retraction, he disavowed Masonry and religious thoughts that opposed Catholic belief.

“Personally, I did not believe he retracted, but some documents that was purchased by
the Philippine government from Spain in the mid-1990s, the Cuerpo de Vigilancia de
Manila,” showed some interesting points about the retraction, said Jose Victor Torres,
professor at the History department of the De La Salle University.

Popularly known as the Katipunan and Rizal documents, the Cuerpo de Vigilancia de
Manila is a body of documents on the Philippine revolutions that contains confidential
reports, transcripts, clippings, and photographs from Spanish and Philippine
newspapers.

Despite this, Torres said his perception of the Filipino martyr would not change even if
the controversies were true.

“Even though it would be easy to say he retracted all that he wrote about the Church, it
still did not change the fact that his writings began the wheels of change in Philippine
colonial society during the Spanish period—a change that led to our independence,”
Torres said. “The retraction is just one aspect of the life, works, and writings of Rizal.”

But then, Torres noted that the controversy is irrelevant today.

“The way Rizal is taught in schools today, the retraction means nothing,” he said.

UNADORNED FACT

Filipino historian Nicolas Zafra considered the

controversy as “a plain unadorned fact of history,
having all the marks and indications of historical

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certainty and reality” in his book The Historicity of Rizal’s Retraction.

Dr. Augusto De Viana, head of UST’s Department of History, also believes that Rizal
retracted and said the National Hero just renounced from the Free Masonry and not
from his famous nationalistic works.

“He (Rizal) retracted. He died as a Catholic, and a proof that he died as a Catholic as he
was buried inside the sacred grounds of Paco Cemetery,” said De Viana, who
compared the martyr with Apolinario Mabini, a revolutionary and free mason who was
buried in a Chinese cemetery.

De Viana said it is not possible that the retraction letter had been forged because
witnesses were present while Rizal was signing it.

He added that the evidence speaks for itself and moves on to the question on Rizal’s
character as some argue that the retraction is not in line with Rizal’s mature beliefs and
personality.

“Anti-retractionists ask, ‘What kind of hero is Jose Rizal?’ They say he was fickle-
minded. Well, that may be true, but that is human character. Rizal was not a perfect
person,” De Viana said.

He also mentioned that just like any person, Rizal was prone to flip-flop. He believes
that Rizal retracted because the national hero wanted to be at peace when he dies.

But would Rizal’s works deem irrelevant and futile because of his retraction?

De Viana answered, “Rizal awakened our knowledge of nationalism. For me, that is
enough. The issue will not invalidate his works in any way.”

An excerpt from Rizal’s retraction: Truth vs Myth by Tomas Santos

Follow the link and watch the video.

Xiao Time: Retraction ni Jose Rizal, totoo kaya?” : https://youtu.be/IYzG6tbcYxk
Follow the link for additional readings:

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Rizal’s Last Hour: https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/articles/rizals-last-hours/

ACTIVITY 3

Prepare for a Quiz

RUBRIC FOR INTERVIEW-VLOG

1
4 3 2 WEIGHTED
CRITERIA NEEDS SCORE
EXCELLENT GOOD SATISFACTORY MEAN
IMPROVEMENT
The student The student
The student The student
describes the describes the
describes the describes little
interview event in interview event
interview event and about the
INTRODUCTION detail and skillfully but say little
introduce the interview event
introduce the about the person
person he / she or person he /
person he / she he / she
interviewed. she interviewed.
interviewed. interviewed.
Prepares and asks
Prepares and Questions and
Prepares and asks largely relevant
asks question their delivery
relevant questions questions that
that demonstrate indicate little
that are aptly demonstrate an
a minimal preparation and
QUESTIONS informed by the understanding, if
understanding of attention to
context and the not mastery, of the
the context, and context, and the
subject’s initial context and the
the subjects’ subjects’ initial
query. subject’s initial
initial query. query.
query.
Demonstrate s Demonstrates Gives little Gives little or no
careful listening by attentiveness by evidence of evidence of
interjecting interjecting follow- careful listening listening,
effective follow up up questions to by largely marches
COMMUNICATION
questions to responses that may ignoring through
SKILLS
significant have greater potentially prepared
responses. significance, if relevant questions
Effectively elicits pursued. May elicit responses and without regard to
relevant some relevant moving on to the responses.

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 elaboration of elaboration of next prepared Does not elicit
answers. answers. question. Elicits elaborated
little elaboration. responses.
The student
The student The student
provided a
provided a detailed provided a
cursory summary The student
summary of the summary of the
of the interview provided a
interview with a interview with
SUMMARY with little perfunctory
clear indication of indication of the
indication of the summary of the
the questions questions asked
questions asked interview.
asked and and answers
and answers
answers received. received.
received.
The student The student
identified at least identified at least The student
three main points two main points conveyed a little
The student
he/she learned he/she learned sense of what
conveyed a little,
from the interview from the interview he/she learned
if any, sense of
CONCLUSION and convey a clear and convey a from the
what he/she
sense of what sense of what interview or how
learned from the
he/she learned and he/she learned and he/she might
interview.
how you might how you might apply it in the
apply it in the apply it in the future.
future. future.
The student’s
The student’s The student’s
writing The student’s
writing is writing lacks
demonstrates a writing is
accomplished in clarity or
sophisticated unfocused,
WRITING terms of clarity and conciseness and
clarity, rambling, or
MECHANICS AND conciseness and contains
conciseness, and contains serious
ORGANIZATION contains only a few numerous errors;
correctness; errors; his/her
errors; his/her his/her report
his/her report is report is poorly
report is well- lacks
extremely well- organized.
organized. organization.
organized.
Storyboard reflects Storyboard
Storyboard reflects
outstanding reflects attempts Storyboard
effective planning
planning and at planning and reflects very little
VIDEO QUALITY and organization for
organization for the organization for planning of the
the visuals in the
visuals in the the visuals in the visuals.
video.
video. video.
TOTAL:

References:
Torres, Jose Victor.Batis(Sources in Philippine History). Quezon City. C & E
Publishing,Inc..2018
Santos, Tomas.”Rizal’s retraction: Truth vs Myth”. October 04, 2011. Last access July
17,2020. https://varsitarian.net/news/20111004/rizals_retraction_truth_vs_myth
Arcilla, Jose.”Fr. Vicente Balaguer, S.J.and Rizal’s Conversion”. June 27, 2008.
Retrieved from Philippine studies: Philippinestudiesvol.42.no.1 (1994):110-123
(http://www.philippinesstudies.net)

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LESSON 4: CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN/ BALINTAWAK

ABOUT THE LESSON:

The Cry is defined as that turning point when the Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial
dominion over the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people like one man pulled out
their cedulas and tore them into pieces. It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the
separation from Spanish rule."

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

LO1. Explain the significance of tearing the cedulas
LO2. Illustrate the similarities and differences between the primary and secondary
sources based on different accounts.
LO3. Weigh the role of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHCP) in verifying historical accounts.

LEARNING OUTPUTS/REQUIREMENTS: My thought , Group Activity , Interview- Vlog ,

Quiz

LESSON TIME ALLOTMENT: 1 week/ 3 hours

LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Getting started!

ACTIVITY 1 CLVG

Follow the link and watch the video.

“Balintawak or Pugad Lawin”:

https://youtu.be/1sS2KjRbkzs?list=TLPQMDMwNzIwMjBYrJlYvlq9OQ

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From the video you’ve watched, kindly answer the following:

a) What is a revolution?

b) What is the arising controversy in this module?

c) What does sigaw really mean? Does it literally mean shout? Defend your answer.

*Upload your answers in our LMS discussion in the activity entitled “CLVG Cry of Pugad
Lawin/Balintawak”.

The First Cry of Revolution

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Since there are ongoing debates and conflicting claims of different accounts we will
analyze them more critically. Controversies are arising with the historians and other
personalities involved in the Cry especially the descendants of the Katipuneros who are
witnesses and claims that the official date and place was wrong. We will be proceeding

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to critically analyze certain accounts about the First Cry on when and where it really
happened. Are you ready? Come on!

READING #1. DR. PIO VALENZUELA’s ACCOUNT

Dr. Pio Valenzuela was an official of the Katipunan and

a friend of Andres Bonifacio and was present during the
event so the official date and place of the First Cry was
based on his account.

The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio,
Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario, and myself was Balintawak, the first five arriving
there on August 19, and I, on August 20, 1896. The first place where some 500
members of the Katipunan met on August 22, 1896 was the house and yard of
Apolonio Samson at Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned above, among
those who were only exchanged and no resolution was debated or adopted. It was at
Pugad Lawin, in the house, store house and yard of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora
Aquino, where over 1000 members of the Katipunan met and carried out
considerable debate and discussion on August 23, 1896. The discussion was
whether or not the revolution against the Spanish government should be started on
August 29, 1896. Only one man protested and fought against a war and that was
Teodoro Plata. Besides the person named above, among those present at this
meeting were Enrique Cipriano, Alfonso Pacheco, Tomas Remigio, Sinfroso San
Pedro and others. After the tumultuous meeting many of those present tore their
cedula certificates and shouted “Long Live the Philippines! Long Live the
Philippines.”

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READING #2 SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’s ACCOUNT

During the pre-world war II, Sampaguita a Tagalog weekly

magazine in 1927 published the Katipunan memoirs of
General Santiago Virata Alvarez ( Kidlat ng Apoy) who is
alo a member and a leader of the Katipunan. It stated the
beginning of revolution in March 1896 until late 1897. The
story of the First Cry was found in Chapter 6 of the
memoirs. He presented that the events happened in Bahay
Toro on August 24, 1896.

THE ACCOUNT of General Alvarez from the book “The Katipunan and Revolution
(Memoirs of a General” by the Ateneo de Manila University Press

We started our trek to to Kangkong at about eleven that night. We walked through
the rain over dark expanses of muddy meadows and fields. Our clothes drenched
and our bodies numbed by the cold wind, we plodded wordlessly. It was nearly
two in the morning when we reached the house of Brother Apolonio Samson in
Kangkong. We crowded into the house to rest and warm ourselves. We were so
tired that, after hanging our clothes out to dry, we soon fell asleep….

The Supremo began assigning guards at five o’clock the following morning,
Saturday 22 August 1896. He placed a detachment at the Balintawak boundary
and another at the backyard to the north of the house where we were gathered.
He asked the secretary Emilio Jacinto to write to the chairmen of the Katipunan
Councils.

Here is the sample letter:

Mr. Laureano Gonzales

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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Chairman, Makabuhay Council

Mandaluyong Rizal

Dear Brother,

On orders of our honorable Supremo, you are hereby informed that upon
receipt of this letter, you and all heads of the chapters under your jurisdiction
should as soon as possible come to this village of Kangkong, in the Municipality
of Caloocan, for the purpose of discussing the measures we should take against
the enemy. Take along the treasurers They should be present because we in the
Katipunan can no longer evade incurring expenditures. You are also reminded to
take ore careful precautions because we are being closely watched.

Receive my loving embrace.

(sgd.) Emilio Jacinto

Secretary

22 August 1896

Seal of the Supreme Council

KKK

No less than 300 men assembled at the bidding of the Supremo Andres
Bonifacio. Altogether they carried assorted weapons, bolos, spears, daggers, a
dozen small revolvers and a rifle used by its owner, one Lieutenant Manuel, for
hunting birds. The Supremo Bonifacio was restless because of fear of a sudden
attack by the enemy. He was worried over the thought that any of the couriers
carrying the letter sent by Emilio Jacinto could have been intercepted; and in that
eventuality, the enemy would surely know their whereabouts and attack them on
the sly. He decided that it was better to move to a site called Bahay Toro.

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
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 At ten o’clock that Sunday morning, 23 August 1896, we arrived at Bahay
Toro. Our number had grown to more than 500 and the house, yard, and
warehouse of Cabesang Melchora was getting crowded with us Katipuneros. The
generous hospitalty of Cabesang Melchora was no less tha of Apolonio Samson.

The following day, Monday, 24 August, more Katipuneros came and

increased our number to more than a thousand. The Supremo called a meeting at
ten o’clock that morning inside Cabesang Melchora’s barn. Flanking him on both
sides at the head of the table were Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto, Bricio
Pantas, Enrique Pacheco, Ramon Bernardo, Pantaleon Torres, and others.

The following matters were approved at the meeting:

1. An uprising to defend the people’s freedom was to be started at midnight of

Saturday, 29 August 1896…

4. To be on a state of alert so that the Katipunan forces couation arisewhen the

enemy was at a disadvantage. Thus, the uprising could be started earlier than the
agreed time of midnight of 29 August 1896 should a favorable opportunity arise at
that date. Everyone should steel himself and be resolute in the struggle was
imminent.

5. The immediate objective was the capture of Manila. Troops of Generals Del
Rosario, Fernandez and Bernardo were to take the offensive and converge inside
the walled city. General Del Rosario was to pass by the way of Tondo; General
Fernandez by the way of San Marcelino; and General Bernardo by the way of
Rotonda.

After the adjournment of the meeting at twelve noon, there were tumultuous
shouts of “ Long Live The Sons of the People!”

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Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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READING #3 GUILLERMO MASANGKAY’s ACCOUNT

Another account that testifies when and where the First Cry happened was the written
account by Guillermo Masangkay in 1932. Th Sunday Tribune a well known magazine
in their time, Masangkay said that the First Cry happened in Balintawak o August 26,
1896. It was his account used by the government and civic
officials to fix the date and place of the Cry during the
American rule. In line with this, it also capped the building of
“Monument to the Heroes of 1896” in that place.

However, according to Bagong Buhay a published news

paper on August 26, 1957, he changed his statements and
narrated that the revolution began on August 23, 1896,
similar to the account of Dr. Pio Valenzuela. But his date
was changed again by his granddaughter, Soledad Buehler-
Borromeo. Her granddaughter cited sources and
Masangkay’s papers that the original date was August 26.

THE ACCOUNT OF GUILLERMO MASANGKAY

On August 26th, a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of

Apolonio Samson, then cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who
attended, I remember, were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas
Remigio, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and
Francisco Carreon. They were all leaders of the Katipunan and composed the
board of directors of the organization. Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan,
Cavite, and Morong were also present.

At about nine o'clock in the morning of August 26, the meeting was opened
with Andres Bonifacio presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
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purpose was to discuss when the uprising was to take place. Teodoro Plata,
Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela were all opposed to starting the revolution too
early...Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose the discussion then, left the
session hall and talked to the people, who were waiting outside for the result of
the meeting of the leaders. He told the people that the leaders were arguing
against starting the revolution early, and appealed to them in a fiery speech in
which he said:"You remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in
Bagumbayan. Should we return now to the towns, the Spaniards will only shoot
us. Our organization has been discovered and we are all marked men. If we don't
start the uprising, the Spaniards will get us anyway. What then, do you say?"

"Revolt!" the people shouted as one.

Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt. He
told them that the sign of slavery of the Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax
charged each citizen. "If it is true that you are ready to revolt... I want to see you
destroy your cedulas. It will be a sign that all of us have declared our severance
from the Spaniards.

The Cry of Balintawak occurred on August 26, 1896. The Cry, defined as that
turning point when the Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial dominion over
the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out
their cedulas and tore them into pieces. It was the beginning of the formal
declaration of the separation from Spanish rule."Long Live the Philippine
Republic!"

Source:Wikiwand

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The Plan for a Revolution

An important meeting held on 3 May 1896 concluded with a plan to rescue Rizal from
Dapitan to lead the revolution. The task was assigned to Dr. Pio Valenzuela.
Unfortunately, Rizal expressed his opposition to the idea of launching an unprepared
revolution against a strong nation protected by well-armed defense force. In the end, he
urged that if the revolution is inevitable, the revolutionary members should seek the help
of the rich and influential people to convince them to support the cause of the revolution.
He also suggested that the service of Antonio Luna be secured by the organization
because of his military expertise and affiliation with rich and influential Filipinos.

The Discovery of Katipunan

The quarrel between two employees of

the printing shop publishing Diario de
Manila resulted in the discovery of
Katipunan. This happened after Apolonio
dela Cruz was given a P2 raise in salary and Teodoro Patiño was not given any. A

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
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heated argument sparked between them which led Patiño to confide the secrets of the
Katipunan to his sister Honoria at the convent where she was staying, her tearful
reaction attracted the attention of one of the nuns. The nun in turn, persuaded Patiño to
tell everything he knew to Fr. Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo. After hearing the
revelations, Fr. Gil contacted the authorities and urged them to raid the printing shop.
Documents, oaths signed in blood, receipts and ledgers related to Katipunan were
confiscated from the shop.

News about the discovery of the Katipunan spread to Manila and nearby suburbs, and
Andres Bonifacio immediately called for a general meeting. Various wings of the
Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896.
Ramos was the son of Melchora Aquino, also known as “Tandang Sora” and was later
acknowledged as the Mother of the Katipunan." Bonifacio asked his men whether they
were willing to fight to the bitter end. Everyone shouted their approval, except for
Teodoro Plata, who though that it was too soon for a revolution. Heartened by his men’s
response, Bonifacio then asked them to tear their cedulas (residence certificates) to
pieces, as a sign of their defiance and determination to rise against the Spaniards. The
men immediately tore up their cedulas, shouting, Mabuhay ang Pilipinas (long live the
Philippines) -known as the Cry of Pugadlawin.

What does the tearing of cedula signify?

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ON AUGUST 23, 1896, Andres Bonifacio and several Katipuneros tore their cedulas,
signifying their protest against Spanish colonial rule. It signaled the start of the
Philippine revolution against Spain that was followed by a series of the fierce fighting of
Filipino bolos and spears versus Spanish muskets.

The cedula is a reminder of Spain’s tyranny against Filipinos who were branded as
“indios” during the invaders’ 300-year rule. It’s a piece of paper that symbolizes the
Spaniards’ oppression and tearing the same means the start of our fight for freedom
and independence.

COLLABORATION!

Now that you have fully understand the controversy, it’s now time for you
to research for the role of NHCP. You will be grouped into 4 and you have to create a
short PPT presentation about the role of the National Historical Commission of the
Philippines (NHCP) in verifying the historical accounts. Take note that you should
NOTexceed to more than 5 slides. This will be presented in our virtual meeting.

After being fully enlightened, its now time to relate the topic in
reality. Ready? Great! You may now proceed to answer the activity
below.

Activity 2 Relate Then and Now”

Question: How would you relate the Filipino revolution during the time of Bonifacio at
present, in the context of the National People’s Army? Write your answer below. Upload

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Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
your answers in our LMS in the activity entitled “Relate Then and Now”. This is a graded
activity. Rubrics will be attached.

REMINDER:

1. Your answer must fill the whole bond paper.

2. Cite the differences and similarities between the two compared scenarios.
3. It should consist an introduction, body and a conclusion.

For more information about the topic, follow the link and watch the video.

XIAO TIME: Ang Unang Sigaw ng Himagsikan sa Balintawak, Kalookan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dtc9q_V8_hs

XIAO TIME: Andres Bonifacio: Unang Sigaw, Unang Pangulo:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TEC_Mlzu74

Activity 4 MY THOUGHTS

What are the 3 important points you learned from the videos? Expound and upload your
answer in our LMS Discussion tab.

1._____________________________

2._____________________________

3._____________________________

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 RUBRIC FOR RELATE THEN AND NOW

1
4 3 2 SCOR
CRITERIA NEEDS
EXCELLENT GOOD SATISFACTORY E
IMPROVEMENT
Covers
Touches on every Contains only
Recollection Covers the critical facts a majority of facts
important fact related to some of the
of facts related to the topic. related to the
the topic. obvious facts
topic.
Original wording,
Steps beyond simple recall Recalls appropriat
Demonstrated analogies, or Apparent
and attempts e concepts or
understandin examples. Applies taugh misconception(s) o
to interpret ideas to better examples to
g t concepts to answer the r knowledge gap(s)
answer the question. address question.
question.
Carefully evaluates
Incorporates multiple concept
multiple topics that apply Answers the Answers the
s to answer the question and
Linking of to the question, question question using
demonstrates
topics and synthesizes using several a single concept or
judgment in applying
them into a coherent concepts or topics topic
concepts.
answer.
TOTAL:

References:

Torres, Jose Victor.Batis(Sources in Philippine History). Quezon City. C & E

Publishing,Inc..2018

National Historical Commission of the Philippines.”Andres Bonifacio and the

Katipunan”. September 04,2012. Retrieved from NHCP: http://nhcp.gov.ph/andres-
bonifacio-and-the-katipunan/

Wikiwand.”Cry of Pugad Lawin”. Last accessed July, 17,2020.

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cry_of_Pugad_Lawin

Address: Hilltop Road, Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City 4200, Philippines
Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
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