Analog and Digital Communication
MODULE-1
AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Mariya Vincent
Assistant Professor
Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Rajagiri School Of Engineering And Technology
RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, KOCHI
Review of Fourier Transform
Spectrum
Fourier transform of a standard rectangular pulse
Fourier transform of an impulse signal
• The bandwidth of a signal (range of frequencies occupied by the signal ) is found by
taking the FT of the signal
• Bandwidth is simply the difference between the highest frequency and the lowest
frequency in the spectrum of the signal
Frequency shifting or modulation Property of FT
Components of a Continuous-wave Modulation System
Transmitter Reciever
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
AM
Modulator
Carrier USB LSB
• AM signal
• Modulating signal overlapping
with the modulated signal
20
A closer look at the AM signal
Phase
reversal of
carrier
Power Relations in the AM wave
Carrier Sideband
power power
We desire for the sideband power to be as high as possible since the information is
contained in the sidebands and after demodulation, we require SNR>>1
Modulation Efficiency
Major portion of
the total power is
carrier power---
disadvantage of
AM
Q 1.6) The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8A when the carrier is not modulated
and increases to 8.5A when the carrier is modulated. Calculate modulation index and
modulation efficiency.
Special case of multitone modulation
Disadvantages of AM
1. AM is wasteful of transmitted power
Transmission of carrier wave takes up a major portion of the total transmitted power
even though it does not carry any information .
2. AM is wasteful of channel bandwidth
The USB and LSB are symmetric about the carrier frequency and given one we can
determine the other. Hence only one needs to be transmitted which would mean
that the transmission bandwidth is reduced to half the actual value and is equal to
the bandwidth of the message signal.
To overcome these disadvantages, we can have variants of AM
1. Double sideband-suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation, in which the
transmitted wave consists of only the upper and lower sidebands. Transmitted
power is saved here through the suppression of the carrier wave, but the
channel bandwidth requirement is the same as before (i.e., twice the message
bandwidth
2. Single sideband (SSB) modulation, in which the modulated wave consists only of
the upper sideband or the lower sideband. Hence bandwidth requirement is
reduce to half that of the AM wave
Double Sideband-Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) Modulation
Identify the sidebands
BW ?
Power Relations in the DSC-SC signal
Total power = Total sideband power
SINGLE SIDE BAND MODULATION (SSB)
• To reduce the bandwidth requirement, only one sideband is transmitted
• An SSB modulator consists of a product modulator (whose output is a DSC-SC
signal) followed by a bandpass filter which chooses either the USB or the LSB
Two main advantages moving from DSB-SC to SSB
1. BW requirement reduced by 50%
2. Power requirement reduce by 50%
SSB Transmitter
Product Modulator
SSB Receiver
AM Transmitter
