Discrete Mathematics Midterm Exam Solutions
Solutions to Questions in English
Q1. Find the truth value of each proposition
1. Given values:
- p is true
- q is false
- r is true
Evaluate each expression using the truth values:
- p OR (q AND r): True
- NOT p AND (q OR r): False
- p AND (q implies r): True
2. Let P(x) be the propositional function "x >= x". Domain of discourse is Z.
- P(2): True
- For all x, P(x): True
- There exists x such that P(x): True
3. Consider the statement there exists x for all y (x <= y), where the domain of discourse is Z+ x Z3.
- Further context may be needed for precise answer.
4. Consider the statement there exists x for all y (x >= y), where the domain of discourse is Z+ x Z4.
- Similarly, this depends on specific values in the given domain.
Q2. Let p, q, r be propositions. Construct compound propositions.
- If it rains, I'll watch a movie and eat popcorn: r implies (s AND p)
- If I don't eat popcorn, I'll eat chocolate: NOT p implies q
- I won't eat both chocolate and popcorn unless it rains: NOT (q AND p) implies r
Q3. Prove that (P AND (P implies Q)) implies Q is a tautology.
- Proof shows that this statement is always true.
Q4. Determine if the statements are tautologies or contradictions.
1. NOT ((NOT r OR r) implies s)
2. ((t implies s) implies t) implies t
- Use truth tables to evaluate.
Q5. Prove "If a is an odd integer, then a^2 - 2a + 5 is even."
1. Let a = 2k + 1 (odd integer)
2. Substitute a and simplify.
Q6. Find the negation of each statement.
1. For all x (x^2 < 10): There exists x such that (x^2 >= 10)
2. There exists x such that (x > -1): For all x (x <= -1)
Q7. Express "Every student in this class has studied calculus."
- For all x (S(x) implies C(x))
Q8. Let P(x) denote "x is taking a math course."
1. For all x, P(x): All students are taking a math course.
2. There exists x such that P(x): A student is taking a math course.
3. NOT for all x, P(x): Not all students are taking a math course.
4. NOT there exists x such that P(x): No student is taking a math course.
Q9. Prove given propositions lead to conclusion t.
- Given propositions:
- NOT p AND q
- r implies p
- t implies s
- Use logical deductions to show that t follows.
