Hospital

Pharmacy
Supplies
Hospital Pharmacy Internship | Batch 1

Abelarde, Khyla Mae Ancajas, Marie Ann Barbas, Raphael

Albofera, Anna Marie Aragao, Lean Boligor, Nureen
Alburo, Janina Ruth Arieta, Adrian John Bulahan, Tiffany Myrrh
Allera, Mechella Marie Arnoco, John Patrick Cabahug, Neil Joseph
Almario, Justine Mae Baldeo, Viviene Cabiladas, Abigail
 IV CATHETERS
It is usually inserted to deliver
fluids and medications when a
patient is unable to receive them
orally.
IV therapy is used to replace
fluids, such as blood and blood
products, lost through injury and
surgery, or as part of therapy for
certain medical conditions. Image Source: Bettering International (HK) Co., Limited.

1. I.V. and Catheter Sites. (n.d.). https://www.smith-nephew.com/new-zealand/healthcare/treatment-options/i-v--and-catheter-sites/.

 PERIPHERAL VEIN CATHETER (PVC)
Most common site for insertion of a IV catheter is the veins
in the arm
Usually stays in place for two to three days, before either
being removed or moved to a different site

CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER (CVC)

Types of Site of insertion will be a larger vein, usually one near the
shoulder (subclavian vein) or neck (jugular vein)

Catheter Site
Used when a patient requires longer treatment with an IV a
catheter; can remain in place for up to seven days

PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL

CATHETER (PICC)
Site of injection is in the large vein in the front of the elbow,
the cubital fossa
Usually indicated for patients who will require long-term
therapy (several weeks to months)
Allows for self-administration due to their ease of use
1. I.V. and Catheter Sites. (n.d.). https://www.smith-nephew.com/new-
zealand/healthcare/treatment-options/i-v--and-catheter-sites/.
 IV Catheter
colors, sizes and
recommended
uses

Image Source: IV Cannula Inspection.

 NEEDLES
In medical terms, is defined as "a slender,
solid, usually sharp-pointed instrument used
for puncturing tissues".
They may also be used to take liquid
samples from the body.
Image Source: Bettering International (HK) Co., Limited.

1. Karim, A. (2017, November 23). Medsitis’ Guide To Syringes & Needles. Medsitis. https://medsitis.com/blogs/blog/laymans-guide-to-syringes-needles
 Different sized
needles are used for
different purposes

Image Source: Needle Gauge Resource List. (2019). Minnesota Department of Health. Image Source: Syringe and Needle Sizes - How to choose (Guide).
 Important things to remember:
ISO has issued a color scheme for needles which assists clinicians
identify needle gauge simply by the color of the needle HUB. [1]
If the gauge is low, the diameter is wide. If the gauge is high, it means
that the needle is narrow (thinner). [3]
The higher the gauge, the finer the needle, the less pain it causes
when it passes through the skin. [3]
Low gauge needles are intended for areas of the body with a thick
skin or when the drugs to be given to the patient are viscous. [2]

1. Karim, A. (2017, November 23). Medsitis’ Guide To Syringes & Needles. Medsitis. https://medsitis.com/blogs/blog/laymans-guide-to-syringes-needles.
2. Kucklick, T. (n.d.). Introduction to Needles and Cannulae. In The Medical Device R&D Handbook, Second Edition (2nd ed., pp. 43–64).
3. Needle Gauge Resource List. (2019). Minnesota Department of Health. https://www.health.state.mn.us/people/syringe/needleguage.pdf
 POSIFLUSH
BD PosiFlush™ is a range of ready-to-use

Image Source: Polymed Medical Devices

sterile pre-filled flush syringes containing
sodium chloride (NaCL) 0.9%, specifically
designed to enhance best clinical practice.
FUNCTIONS:
Used to help prevent IV catheters from
becoming blocked
Help remove any medication that may

Image Source: Pharmaco Health

Image Source: BD Posiflush
be left at the catheter site
Ensure complete drug delivery to the
patient
Reduce medication interactions
1. BD PosiFlush Normal Saline 0.9 % Injection: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD. (n.d.). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-148601/bd-posiflush-normal-
saline-0-9-injection/details
 SYRINGES
It is a medical device that is used to
inject fluid into, or withdraw fluid
from, the body.
It has four main parts which are the
plunger, barrel, seal and luer lock.

FUN FACT
Did you know that medical syringes were once
made of metal or glass, and required cleaning and
sterilization before they could be used again. Now
most syringes used in medicine are plastic and
Image Source: Syringe Pump Pro
disposable.

1. Medical Definition of Syringe. https://www.medicinenet.com/syringe/definition.html

 PLUNGER
The shaft that connects the Plunger Flange to the seal. The
pressure applied through this shaft to the seal where it
presses on the liquid in the barrel.

BARREL
Storage cylinder for the liquid which is to be dispensed.
Pressure on the seal reduces the volume of the barrel below

Parts of a the seal expelling fluid.

Syringe SEAL (PLUNGER PISTON)

Forms a liquid seal between the plunger and barrel. Slides
up and down the barrel in response to the pressure on the
plunger.

LUER LOCK
The output of the syringe is formed into a Luer Lock. The
Luer Lock is a standardized screw fitting for attaching
fittings to the syringe that will not ‘blow off’ when the liquid
is under pressure.
1. Syringe Pump Pro. (2019, June 2). Parts of the Syringe. SyringePumpPro.
https://syringepumppro.com/parts-of-the-syringe/
 Selecting Syringes

Images Source: Vitality Medical

 MACROSETS
As the name suggests, the macro drip consists
of wider tubing.
It produces drops of bigger diameter.
Macro drips are mainly of 3 types: 10 gtt/ml, 15
gtt/ml, and 20 gtt/ml.
Greater is the value of gtt/ml, smaller is the size
of the tube, and vice versa.
Suitable for normal applications where precision
is not of higher concern
Used in routine IV administration such as Image Source: TJM Enterprises

infusion of IV fluids without any medication.

1. Tec2Med (n.d). IV Set- Parts, Types, Set Up, Advantages and Disadvantages. https://www.tec2med.com/iv-set-type-part-set-up/
 MICROSETS
Consists of narrower tubing.
A tubing used to carry fluids at a slow, controlled rate
from a reservoir to a patient. Due to this reason, it
produces drops of smaller diameter.
Micro drip (mini drop), generally comes in a single size
which is 60 gtt/ml.
Suitable for applications where precision is of higher
concern.
Used to deliver precise amounts of medication in
small drops to children and infants or to control
infusion of sensitive medications where precision
in the flow rate is essential. Image Source: Microset Primeline

1. Tec2Med (n.d). IV Set- Parts, Types, Set Up, Advantages and Disadvantages. https://www.tec2med.com/iv-set-type-part-set-up/
The difference between macro-
and microdrip

Image Source: Intravenous Therapy

 SOLUSETS
Also known as Buretrol/ Volutrol/
Volume Control Chamber/ Special IV
administration sets
It is an IV Delivery device between the IV
fluid bag and the IV catheter
Contains a metered small-volume
chamber designed to limit the amount of
solution available to the patient, usually
for safety. Image Source: Indications for Intravenous Therapy

1. Nursing Skills. (n.d.). Administering an Intermittent Intravenous Infusion of Medication via a Volume-Control Administration Set. https://nursing-skills.blogspot.com/search?
q=volume+control+administration+set
 Were in use before infusion pumps and
replaced the syringe system, on where:
Fluid is run into the cylinder
Nurse can add a drug in the top of the
cylinder injection port for dilution
and mixing before it is infused
Solusets are used
to administer precise medication
in Pediatrics
in Renal Failure
Image Source: Administering an Intermittent
Intravenous Infusion of Medication via a 1. Nursing Skills. (n.d.). Administering an Intermittent Intravenous Infusion of Medication via a Volume-Control Administration Set.
Volume-Control Administration Set. https://nursing-skills.blogspot.com/search?q=volume+control+administration+set
 BLOODSETS
Also known as Blood Transfusion
set
It is employed for intravascular,
gravity-controlled transfusion of
blood or blood element.
Most commonly transfusion
includes: red blood cells,
platelets, and plasma Image Source: Mais India Medical Devices

transfusions.
1. Mais India Medical Devices. (n.d.). Blood Transfusion Set | BT Set. https://maisindia.com/blood-transfusion-set/
 Technical Features:
Strong, sleek and sharp spike to
puncture blood bag outlets.
Transparent & flexible drip chamber.
Soft and kink resistant PVC tubing
having a blood filter of 200 microns.
Flow rate of the blood transfusion set is
1ml (20 drops)/min.
Regulator clamp to control transfusion
rate.
Image Source: Unimex
1. Mais India Medical Devices. (n.d.). Blood Transfusion Set | BT Set. https://maisindia.com/blood-transfusion-set/
 PLATELET SETS
Used to filter platelet to remove
clots that form during collection
and storage
Consists of:
Single chamber with 200um
filter
170 micro nonwettable inline
filter
Priming Volume 11ml Image Source: Philippine Medical Supplies

1. New Hlink Medical Corporation. (n.d.). Terumo Platelet Administration Set. http://hospitallinkco.com.ph/shop/all-products/medical-supplies/platelet-administration-set/
 IV LINES (GENERAL)
IVs act as a delivery system to FUNCTIONS
introduce certain items into the To infuse fluids, nutrients,
patient’s body. electrolytes, and medication
Blood, medication, or other fluids To obtain venous blood samples
are delivered into the body through To insert catheters into the central
an IV. circulatory system
IVs are most commonly inserted into
a vein in your arm but may be put in
different places depending on the
patient’s condition.
1. Doyle, G. R., & McCutcheon, J. A. (2015, November 23). 8.3 IV fluids, IV tubing, and assessment of an IV system. Clinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care.
https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/8-2-types-of-iv-therapy/.
Parts and Functions BACKCHECK VALVE
Prevents fluid or medication from travelling up the IV

ACCESS PORTS
Used to infuse secondary medications and give IV push
medications
ROLLER CLAMP
Used to regulate the speed of, or to stop or start, a
gravity infusion

SECONDARY IV TUBING
Shorter in length than primary tubing, with no access
ports or backcheck valve; when connected to a primary
line via an access port, used to infuse intermittent
medications or fluids. A secondary tubing
administration set is used for secondary IV medication.

1. Doyle, G. R., & McCutcheon, J. A. (2015, November 23). 8.3 IV fluids, IV tubing, and assessment of an IV system.
Image Source: eCampus Ontario Textbook Clinical Procedures for Safer Patient Care. https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/8-2-types-of-iv-therapy/.
 CENTROUS VENOUS
PERIPHERAL IV CATHETER
Common and preferred method for short-term
therapy (< 6 days) Also known as a central line or central venous
A short intravenous catheter is inserted by access device
percutaneous venipuncture into a peripheral Inserted into a large vein in the central
vein circulation system (guided by ultrasound)
Held in place with a sterile transparent Tip of catheter terminates in the superior vena
dressing to keep site sterile and prevent cava leading to an area just above the right
accidental dislodgement atrium
Upper extremities are the preferred sites for Can remain in place for more than a year
insertion Heightened risk for developing a nosocomial
Usually attached to IV extension tubing with a infection (need strict adherence to aseptic
positive pressure cap technique)
Increased risk of systemic complications in
cardiac and renal patients as well as pediatric
patients, neonates, and the elderly.

1. Intravenous lines. Physiopedia. (n.d.). https://www.physio-pedia.com/Intravenous_Lines.

 CENTROUS VENOUS
PERIPHERAL IV CATHETER

Image Source: National Cancer Institute Image Source: Azula Vascular Care
 IV LINES (TWO-WAY)
Extends IV therapy without using a
needle while creating greater
distance between the patient and the
administered medication for
continuous or intermittent infusions.
To allow attachment of two lines;
one for infusion pump (e.g.
antibiotics) and one for IV fluids (e.g.
NS). Image Source: Medical Expo

1. Vitality Medical (n.d) https://www.vitalitymedical.com/iv-extension-sets.html

 IV LINES (FOUR-WAY)
Connected to IV catheters to allow a larger distance
between the patient and the fluid being
administered which is often necessary due to the
size and volume of equipment being used at any one
time. [1]
Used for the controlled infusion of medications,
typically over long periods of time. [1]
Used to extend IV lines without risk of
contamination. [1]
IV extension tubing with needle free injection port,
to reduce the danger and risk of needlestick
injurers. [2]
Image Source: Medical Expo
1. Lily Medical Corporation. 2017. https://www.lily-medical.com/Infusion-set/extension-tube.html
2. Philippine Medical Supplies. (n.d.) https://philmedicalsupplies.com/product/extension-tube/.html
 IV FLUIDS (TRIFUSE)
An extension set with various connector types which are
connected to IV catheters to allow a larger distance between
the patient and the fluid being administered which is often
necessary due to the size and volume of equipment being
used at any one time. [1]
Sets should be primed prior to connection with catheter, if it
is being used for infusions, a syringe should be attached and
the set primed before being connected to the patient. [2]
1. Cardinal Health Canada Inc.(nd) Extension Set, Microbore Tubing, Trifuse, 0.6mL Priming Volume, Short, L4. https://bit.ly/3ILuLmU
2. Medline Industries, LP. (nd). Medical Trifuse Extension sets. https://bit.ly/3oTsmyO
Image Source: GrabCad
 COLOSTOMY BAGS
A plastic bag that collects fecal matter from the
digestive tract through an opening in the
abdominal we called a stoma. [1]
Pouching systems come in two basic types: [2]
A one piece system - where the bag attaches
directly to the skin around the stoma.
A two piece system - where the flange
attaches to the skin around the stoma and
the bag attaches to the flange.
1. Ada’s Medical Knowledge Team. (2021, October 27). Colostomy Bag. Ada. https://ada.com/colostomy-bag/ Image Source: Vitality Medical
2. Fletcher, J. (2019, September 16). What is a colostomy bag? What to know. Medical News Today.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326353?fbclid=IwAR0EteyX1mjYY56jEhsTDncbmAquE0jDagEpnnwG4ip8RXb7RHlubovxnVg#types
 CLOSED-END DRAINABLE POUCHES
POUCHES
These are designed for one-time Rinse-and-reuse drainable
use. They are often fitted with a pouches are suitable for people
filter designed to reduce gas build who have had all types of
up and prevent odors. colostomy and ileostomies.
They cannot be cleaned out or Drainable pouches are usually
reused fitted with a filter to reduce
odors and drain gas. A drainable
pouch should be discarded and
replaced with a new one every
three to four days.
1. Ada’s Medical Knowledge Team. (2021, October 27). Colostomy Bag. Ada.
https://ada.com/colostomy-bag/
 WOUND IRRIGATIONS
The goal of wound irrigation is to remove
foreign material, decrease bacterial
contamination of the wound, and to
remove cellular debris or exudate from
the surface of the wound. [1]
Indicated in the management of both
acute and chronic wounds, and
especially those that will be undergoing
suturing, surgical repair, or
debridement. [2]
1. Gabriel, A., MD. (2021, August 27). Wound Irrigation: Overview, Preparation, Technique. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895071/
2. Lewis, & Pay. (2021, June 4). Wound Irrigation. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538522/
 WOUND IRRIGATIONS
Proper wound management includes wound irrigation as it leads to better
wound healing.
Wound irrigation is the steady flow of a solution across an open wound
surface to achieve wound hydration, to remove deeper debris, and to assist
with the visual examination.
Contraindication:
Irrigation may not be necessary for certain highly vascular areas such
as the scalp, and wounds with fistulas or sinuses with unknown depth
should undergo careful evaluation before irrigation.
1. Lewis, & Pay. (2021, June 4). Wound Irrigation. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538522/
 NORMAL SALINE
Non-toxic to tissues and similar in tonicity to
physiologic fluids; most commonly used
Regarded as the most appropriate and
preferred cleansing solution because it is a

Irrigation nontoxic, isotonic solution that does not

damage healing tissues.
Solutions that STERILE WATER
are available Non-toxic to tissues but is hypotonic and may
cause cell lysis

POTABLE WATER
Used in austere environments where sterile
water or saline is not available
1. Beam. (2006). Wound Cleansing: Water or Saline? NCBI.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1472650/