MATCHING

1. unemployment rate - the number of jobless individuals who are actively

looking for work divided by total of those employed and unemployed
2. inflation rate - the percentage rate of increase in the economy’s average level of
prices
3. productivity Năng suất - the average amount of output produced per employee
or per hour of work
4. interest rate Lãi suất- the percentage rate per year that is paid by borrowers to
lenders
5. government budget deficit thâm hụt ngân sách- the excess of government
expenditures (on goods, services and transfer payments) over the government’s
tax revenues
6. foreign trade deficit thâm hụt ngân sách ngoại thương- the excess of the
nation’s imports of goods and services over its exports of goods and services
7. nominal gross domestic product (GDP) tổng sản phẩm quốc nội - the total
value of goods and services produced in a country in a single year in current
(actual) prices
8. real GDP - the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a
single year in constant prices
9. redeem chuộc lại- To pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares
or stock.
10. treasury bills trái phiếu ngắn hạn - Short-term government securities, sold at
a discount, bearing no interest rate.
11. perpetual loans khoản vay vĩnh viễn- Debts that are payable for a period of
time that has no fixed end
12. national debt nợ quốc gia- The total amount of money borrowed by the
central government of a country on which it has to pay interest.
13. budget - An account of probable income and expenditure during a stated
period.
14. floating debt nợ nổi- Consisting mainly of short-term bills, or money
borrowed at call
15. consoles trái phiếu vĩnh viễn- Interest-bearing securities or bonds having no
maturity date
16. transfer - The movement of money from one person or group of persons to
another, or from one place or country to another
17. obligation nghĩa vụ ( con nợ và chủ nợ) - The relation between debtor and
creditor
18. maturity ( ngày đáo hạn)- The date on which a bill of exchange, promissory
note, debenture or loan stock becomes due for payment or repayment
19. macroeconomic policy - aimed at the aggregate economy, usually to promote
the macro goals of full employment, stability, and growth.
20. trade policy - a government's policy controlling foreign trade.
21. public sector (nợ công) - The part of the economy concerned with providing
basic government services as the police, military, public roads, and so on.
22. monetary policy - the process by which the monetary authority of a country
controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of
promoting economic growth and stability.
23. fiscal policy - the use of government expenditure and revenue collection to
influence the economy.
24. interest rate - the percentage of a sum of money charged for its use
25. government spending - includes all government consumption and investment
but excludes transfer payments made by a state.
26. government revenue - includes all amounts of money (i.e. taxes and/or fees)
received from sources outside the government entity.
27. money supply - includes cash, coins and balances held in checking and
savings.
28. inflation - a progressive increase in the general level of prices brought about
by an expansion in demand or the money supply or by autonomous increases in
costs.
29. supply - the willingness and ability to offer goods and services for sale
30. demand - the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services
31. market forces (lực lượng thị trường)- supply and demand
32. equilibrium (cân bằng) - a state of balance, for example when supply meets
demand
33. fiscal policy - government measures concerning taxation, public expenditure, and
so on
34. monetary policy - government or central bank measures concerning the rate of
growth of the money supply (the amount of money in circulation)
35. bulls - a name for investors who buy shares because they expect their price to rise
bulls - tên dành cho các nhà đầu tư mua cổ phiếu vì họ mong đợi giá của chúng sẽ tăng
36. bears - a name for shareholders who sell because they expect the price to fall
gấu - cái tên dành cho những cổ đông bán ra vì kỳ vọng giá sẽ giảm
37. bubble - a period of rapidly rising shares, followed by a quick collapse
bong bóng - giai đoạn cổ phiếu tăng nhanh, sau đó là sự sụp đổ nhanh chóng
38. collateral tài sản thế chấp - assets a borrower uses to secure or guarantee a loan
39. shares - certificates representing part-ownership of a company
40. institutional investors nhà đầu tư tổ chức - financial organizations that own a lot of
shares
41. day traders - people who buy and re-sell shares in a very short time, often just a
few hours
42. raise capital huy động vốn - to get money from investors with which to run a
business
43. issue phát hành- to offer securities for sale, to financial institutions and the public
44. bankruptcy - when you have no money to pay your debts, so you have to sell your
assets
45. a share-draft account tài khoản chi tiêu chung- a version of a checking
account, offered by a credit union instead of a bank.
46. Open market operations - the buying and selling of government securities in
order to expand or contract the amount of money in the banking system.
47. the money supply - the entire stock of currency and other liquid instruments
circulating in a country's economy as of a particular time.
48. a "NOW account" - an interest-earning bank account with which a customer is
permitted to write drafts against money held on deposit.
49. the lender of last resort người cho vay cuối cùng - It is responsible for
providing its nation's economy with funds when commercial banks cannot cover
a supply shortage.
50. A demand deposit tiền gửi ko kỳ hạn- an account from which deposited funds
can be withdrawn at any time from the depository institution
51. the reserve requirement tỉ lệ giữ trữ bắt buộc - the percentage of the bank’s
deposits that the central bank requires other banks to keep as a reserve.
52. A time deposit tiền gửi có kỳ hạn- an interest-bearing bank deposit account
that has a specified date of maturity, such as a savings account or certificate of
deposit (CD)
53. the central bank - The foremost monetary institution in a market economy,
often owned by the government.
54. trust account - A savings account established under a trust agreement
whereby a trustee administers the funds for the benefit of one or more
beneficiaries.
55. currency - circulating money in a country
56. exchange rate - expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries.
57. commission hoa hồng - amount of money charged for a service
58. bid rate tỉ lệ đấu giá- the price at which a buyer is willing to pay for a currency,
security or asset.
59. offer rate tỉ lệ chào bán - the price at which sellers are willing to sell
60. quote báo giá - set or list the price of a good or service
61. forward transaction – contractual giao dịch kỳ hank transaction to buy or sell an
item, in which the payment and delivery take place at a predetermined future date.
62. spot transaction giao dịch giao ngay - the purchase or sale of a foreign currency,
financial instrument, or commodity for instant delivery on a specified spot date
63. broker ng môi giới - an individual or firm that acts as an intermediary between an
investor and a securities exchange
64. eurocurrency - currency tiền tệ euro held on deposit by governments or
corporations operating outside of their home market