Site Construction Procedure

This site construction procedure outlines the steps typically followed for the development of a
construction site, from initial preparation to the completion of the structure. The procedure is
broken down into phases, with each phase containing specific activities. This is a general guide, and
it can be customized based on the project types and site conditions.

1. Pre-Construction Phase

1.1 Site Survey and Evaluation

 Conduct a topographical survey to gather information on the site’s elevation, soil type, and
existing features.

 Perform a geotechnical investigation (soil test) to determine soil stability, bearing capacity,
and other factors affecting construction.

 Review the site plan and evaluate the surrounding area (roads, utilities, drainage,
environmental constraints).

1.2 Obtain Necessary Permits and Approvals

 Apply for all necessary permits (building permits, environmental clearances, zoning
approvals, etc.).

 Ensure compliance with local regulations, including health, safety, and environmental
protection standards.

1.3 Site Mobilization

 Set up the construction office and storage areas for materials, equipment, and tools.

 Arrange for utility connections (water, electricity, phone, internet) to support the
construction activities.

 Establish access roads, temporary fencing, and signage for safety and security.

2. Site Preparation

2.1 Clearing and Grading

 Clear the site of vegetation, debris, and any obstacles (e.g., old structures or trees).

 Conduct initial grading to level the site and remove any topsoil or vegetation that may
interfere with construction.

 Prepare the foundation area by excavating and leveling the ground based on the design
specifications.

2.2 Site Drainage and Erosion Control

 Install temporary erosion control measures (e.g., silt fences, sediment traps, and diversion
ditches) to manage water runoff during construction.
  Ensure proper drainage to prevent flooding and water pooling on-site.

2.3 Setting Out and Marking

 Transfer design coordinates onto the site using stakes, batter boards, and surveyor’s tape to
mark building corners, boundaries, and critical infrastructure locations.

 Verify the alignment and levels with the surveyor to ensure proper construction orientation.

3. Foundation Work

3.1 Excavation for Foundation

 Excavate trenches or pits for the foundation (footings, slabs, basements, etc.) as per the
structural drawings.

 Remove loose soil and debris, and ensure the excavation depth and width align with the
foundation plan.

3.2 Foundation Formwork and Reinforcement

 Build formwork (temporary molds) for pouring concrete for footings, columns, or slabs.

 Install rebar (steel reinforcement) in compliance with the design, ensuring correct
positioning and coverage.

3.3 Pouring Concrete

 Pour concrete into the prepared forms, ensuring proper consolidation and leveling.

 Allow for adequate curing time (usually 7 to 28 days depending on concrete mix).

4. Superstructure Construction

4.1 Erection of Structural Framework

 Construct the primary structure (steel, reinforced concrete, or timber) based on the design
plan.

 Install columns, beams, and slabs for the skeleton of the building.

4.2 Wall Construction

 Build internal and external walls using the specified materials (masonry, concrete blocks,
panels, etc.).

 Ensure proper alignment and level of walls, and ensure that openings for doors and windows
are in the correct positions.

4.3 Roofing and Decking

 Install the roof framing, trusses, and decking materials.

 Apply waterproofing or roofing membranes, followed by the final roofing materials (tiles,
shingles, metal panels, etc.).
5. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) Installation

5.1 Plumbing

 Install the plumbing system, including water supply pipes, sewage drains, and stormwater
management systems.

 Perform pressure testing and ensure all connections are sealed and secure.

5.2 Electrical

 Lay out electrical conduits, wiring, outlets, and lighting fixtures.

 Connect the building to the local power grid and test the electrical system for functionality.

5.3 HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

 Install HVAC systems according to design plans (ductwork, piping, air handling units, etc.).

 Test system operations and calibrate for efficiency.

6. Finishing Work

6.1 Internal Finishes

 Install drywall, insulation, and ceiling tiles (if applicable).

 Apply paints, finishes, and flooring materials (carpet, tile, hardwood, etc.).

 Install cabinetry, countertops, and other interior furnishings.

6.2 External Finishes

 Apply external cladding (brick, stone, stucco, etc.) or paint to the building’s facade.

 Install windows and doors.

6.3 Final Inspection and Testing

 Perform a thorough inspection of the entire building for compliance with design and safety
standards.

 Test all systems (plumbing, electrical, HVAC) to ensure they are working correctly.

7. Site Cleanup and Handover

7.1 Site Cleanup

 Remove all construction debris, tools, and materials from the site.

 Perform a final cleaning of the building, ensuring it is ready for occupancy.

7.2 Landscaping and External Works

 Complete any landscaping, including planting trees, shrubs, and grass.

 Complete any paving, parking lots, or access roads required for the site.

7.3 Handover to Client

 Provide the client with necessary documents, including warranties, user manuals for
systems, and any as-built drawings.

 Conduct a final walk-through with the client, address any remaining concerns, and officially
hand over the project.