www.Fullinterview.
com
BIOMETRICS
BIOMETRICS
Biometricsarebestdefinedasthescienceofusinguniquephysiologicalor behavioralcharacteristicstoverifytheidentityofanindividual.Biometriccharacteristics areuniquetoindividualsandcannotbelostorstolenlikepasswords,makingthemnot onlyconvenientbutalsomoreeffectiveinthepreventionoftheftorfraud.Theyinclude fingerprints,irisscanning,handgeometry,voicepatterns,facialrecognition,andother techniques.Biometricsareofinterestinanyareawhereitisimportanttoverifythetrue identityofanindividual. Banks and others who have tested biometricbased security on their clientele, however, say consumers overwhelmingly have a pragmatic response to the technology. Anything that saves the informationoverloaded citizen from having to remember another password or personal identification number comes as a welcome respite.Addingastatisticalfootingtothisanecdotalevidence,anationwidesurveyby ColumbiaUniversityreportedthat83%ofpeopleapproveoftheuseoffingerimaging, anddon'tfeelittreatspeopleascriminals. www.Fullinterview.com
www.Fullinterview.com
Biometricsispreferredovertraditionalmethodsinvolvingpasswordsand PINnumbersforvariousreasons. * Thepersonto beidentified is required tobephysically present atthe pointof identification; * Identification based on biometric techniques obviates the need to remember a passwordorcarryatoken. Withtheincreaseduseofcomputersasvehiclesofinformationtechnology, itisnecessarytorestrictaccesstosensitive/personaldata.ByreplacingPINs,biometric techniquescanpotentiallypreventunauthorizedaccesstoorfraudulentuseofATMs, cellularphones,smartcards,desktopPCs,workstations,andcomputernetworks.PINs andpasswordsmaybeforgotten,andtokenbasedmethodsofidentificationlikepassports and driver'slicenses maybeforged,stolen,orlost.Thusbiometric basedsystems of identificationarereceivingconsiderableinterest.Varioustypesofbiometricsystemsare being used for realtime identification, the most popular are based on face, iris and fingerprintmatching.However,thereareotherbiometricsystemsthatutilizeretinalscan, speech,signaturesandhandgeometry. Biometrics are not a panacea for all our personal identification related issues,butanenhancingtoolinourtechnologytoolbox.Agreatamountoftechnical progresshasbeenmade,providingmoreaccurateandmorerefinedproducts.Theunit costisdroppingtoalevel,whichmakesthemsuitableforbroaderscaleapplication.The knowledgebase concerning their use and integration into other processes has increaseddramatically. Biometricsystemsworkbyfirstcapturingasampleofthefeature,suchas recordingadigitalsoundsignalforvoicerecognition,ortakingadigitalcoloredimage forfacerecognition.Thesampleisthentransformedusingsomesortofmathematical www.Fullinterview.com
www.Fullinterview.com functionintoabiometrictemplate.Thebiometrictemplatewillprovideanormalized, efficient and highly discriminating representation of the feature, which can then be objectivelycomparedwithothertemplatesinordertodetermineidentity. Mostbiometricsystemsallowtwomodesofoperation.Anenrolmentmode for adding templates to a database, and an identification mode, where a template is createdforanindividualandthenamatchissearchedforinthedatabaseofpreenrolled templates.Agoodbiometricischaracterizedbyuseofafeaturethatis;highlyunique,so thatthechanceofanytwopeoplehavingthesamecharacteristicwillbeminimal,stable, sothatthefeaturedoesnotchangeovertime,andbeeasilycaptured,inordertoprovide conveniencetotheuser,andpreventmisrepresentationofthefeature.
Application: Currently, biometric technologies are employed in a broad range of activities.OneoftheapplicationsofthesetechnologiesisIrisrecognition,whichweare takingintoconsideration. Irisrecognition: Theirisisanexternallyvisible,yetprotectedorganwhoseuniqueepigenetic patternremainsstablethroughoutadultlife.Thesecharacteristicsmakeitveryattractive for use as a biometric for identifying individuals. Compared with other biometric technologies,suchasface,speechandfingerrecognition,irisrecognitioncaneasilybe consideredasthemostreliableformofbiometrictechnology. Iris recognition is of course based on the visible qualities of the human iris, which togetherformtheiristexture,seethefollowingfigure.Visiblecharacteristics include rings,furrows,freckles,andtheiriscorona. www.Fullinterview.com
www.Fullinterview.com Image processing techniques can be employed to extract the unique iris patternfromadigitizedimageoftheeye,andencodeitintoabiometrictemplate,which canbestoredinadatabase.Thisbiometrictemplatecontainsanobjectivemathematical representationoftheuniqueinformationstoredintheiris,andallowscomparisonstobe madebetweentemplates. ThebenefitsofusingIrisTechnologyinclude: #Irispatternsareextremelycomplex. #Theirisrecognitionsystemstestforaliveeyebycheckingforthenormalcontinuous fluctuationinpupilsize. #Patternsareindividual(eveninfraternaloridenticaltwins). #Patternsareformedbysixmonthsafterbirth,stableafterayear,andtheyremainthe sameforlife. #Imitationisalmostimpossible. #Patternsareeasytocaptureandencode. Conclusion: Theemergence ofbiometric standards will facilitate growthinthebiometric industryandensurethatbiometricsolutionsbroughttomarketmeetminimumstandards for interoperability from a developer's perspective. Interestingly, corporations and interestsoutsidethebiometricindustryhavedrivenstandardizationasmuchasbiometric vendors.Thereisabroderperspectiveonhowstandardsareessentialtothewidespread distribution and acceptance of the technology. The most fundamental argument of biometrics is increased security, a highly accurate technology such as irisscan has tremendousappeal.Thetechnologyisnottoimproveitsresistancetofalsematching,but www.Fullinterview.com
www.Fullinterview.com to ensure that its capabilities in realworld environments parallel capabilities in a laboratorysetting.
www.Fullinterview.com
