National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

National 5 Chemistry

Unit 2

Consolidation Questions

1|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

N5 Unit 2 Homologous Series

1) Petrol is an important fuel. The combustion of petrol is a very important

reaction that is an exothermic reaction.
Explain what is meant by each of the terms underlined. 3

2) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which can be used as a fuel for heating, is a mixture of
propane and butane.
Propane and butane are members of the homologous series of alkanes.

a) Which of the statements below correctly describe the members of a

homologous series?

A They have similar chemical properties

B They have the same molecular formula
C They have the same general formula
D They have the same physical properties
E They have the same formula mass 2

b) Propane is a hydrocarbon, name two products that would be formed

when it burns completely in oxygen.
2

c) Copy and complete the word and formulae equations below

Try to balance the formulae equation.

propane + oxygen ? + ?
3
+ O2 ? + ?

2|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

3) The viscosity of four types of hydrocarbons was compared by measuring the rate of fall for a
ball bearing. The diagram shows the position of the ball bearings 10 seconds after being dropped
in each liquid. Below each liquid is the stated length of the hydrocarbon chains found in each
substance.

a) State the relationship between the number of carbon atoms and the effect on the viscosity of
the liquid. 1

b) The results after ten seconds were recorded: petrol – 85cm, paraffin – 60cm, diesel – 33cm
and Lubricating oil – 16cm.
(i) Construct a table to record this information . 2

(ii) Produce a graph to represent the relationship identified in the previous question. 2

4) A combustion reaction of a substance occurs in a plentiful supply of air and carbon

dioxide and water are produced. Which statement can be made with certainty about
the substance? The substance

A is an alkane
B is a hydrocarbon
C contains carbon and hydrogen
D contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 1

3|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

Alkanes

5. Name the following molecules from full structural formulae.

A B

C D

6. Name the following molecules from shortened structural formulae.

A B

C D

4|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

7. Draw the full structural formulae for the following molecules.

A 2-methyl propane B 3- methyl pentane

C 2,3,3 –trimethylhexane D5-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane

4

8. Draw the shortened structural formula for the following molecules.

A 3-ethylhexane B 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

C 3-ethyl, 2-methylpentane D 2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane 4

9. A correct name for an isomer of 2,2-dimethyl butane is

A) Cyclohexane B) 1,2-dimethyl pentane
C) 1,2-dimethyl hexane D) 2,2,3-trimethylpropane
1

10. A correct name for an isomer of 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane is

A) cyclo-octane B) 1,2-dimethyl pentane
C) 1,2-dimethyl hexane D) 2,3,3-trimethylbutane
1

5|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

Alkenes

11. Name the following molecules from full structural formulae.

A B

C D

12. Name the following molecules from shortened structural formulae.

A B
CH3CH2CH=CH2 CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH3
C D
CH3CH= CHCH2CH3 CH3CH= CHCH(CH3)CH2 CH2CH3 4

13. Draw the full structural formulae for the following molecules.

A 2-methyl prop-1-ene B 3- methyl pent-2-ene

C 2,3,4 –trimethylhex-2-ene D 5-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhept-1-ene

4

14. Draw the shortened structural formula for the following molecules.

A 3-ethylhex-2-ene B 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene

C 3-ethyl, 2-methylhex-2-ene D2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylpent-1-ene

4

6|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

15. Name the following molecules from full structural formulae.

A B C

16. Draw the full structural formulae for the following molecules.

A cyclohexane B cyclobutane C cyclooctane 3

17. Draw the shortened structural formula for the following molecules.

A cyclopropane B cyclopentane 2

18. In each of the following lists of hydrocarbons identify which one is in a different
homologous series from the others, explain why.

i) ethane, butene, methane, octane 2

ii) C3 H 8 , CH4, C7H14, C12H26 2

19. Which structural feature makes the alkenes different from the alkanes? 1

20. What is the general formula for the alkenes? 1

1
21. Which two reactions are not commonly undergone by alkenes?

A) addition B) neutralisation C) hydration D) displacement E) combustion 2

22. Correct names for the two isomers of but-2-ene are:

A) Cyclobutane B) pent-2-ene
C) 1,2-dimethyl propene D) 2-methyl prop-1-ene 1

23. What term in chemistry would be used to describe cyclobutane and butene? 1

1
24. What is the general formula for the cycloalkanes?

7|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

25. Which of the following compounds fits the general formula CnH2n and will rapidly decolourise
Bromine water.

A. Cyclopentane
B. Cyclopentene
C. Pentane
D. Pentene 1

26.

The name of the above compound is

A. 1,1-dimethylpropane
B. 2-ethylpropane
C. 2-methylbutane 1
D. 3-methylbutane

27. The structures of some hydrocarbons are shown on the grid.

(a) Identify the two hydrocarbons with the general

formula CnH2n which do not react quickly with bromine solution. 1

(b) Identify the hydrocarbon which is the first member of a homologous series. 1

(c) Identify the two isomer of 1

1
8|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

28. The names of some hydrocarbons are shown in the grid

(a) Identify the two isomers. 1

(b) Identify the hydrocarbon with the highest melting point.

You may wish to use the data book. 1

(c) Identify the two hydrocarbons which can take part in an addition reaction with hydrogen. 1

29. The table gives information about some of the alkane family.

(a) Predict the boiling point of Dodecane. 1

(b) What term is used to describe any family of compounds line the alkanes,
which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties?
1
30. Propene has the structural formula shown below

Propene quickly decolourises bromine water Br2 (aq)

1
(i) Name the type of reaction which takes place when propene reacts with bromine water.
(ii) Draw the full structural formula of the product of this reaction. 1

9|Page
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

31. The octane number of petrol is a measure of how efficiently it burns as a fuel.
The higher the octane number the more efficient the fuel.
The octane numbers of some hydrocarbons are shown below.

i) Predict the octane number for Hexane. 1

ii) State a relationship between the structure of the hydrocarbon and their efficiency 1
as fuels.

32. The structures of some hydrocarbons are shown in the grid below.

a.) Identify the two isomers. 1

b.) Identify the hydrocarbon which is the first member of a Homologous series. 1

10 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

33. Hydrocarbons are compounds made from Carbon and Hydrogen only.

a) Identify the compound that reacts with hydrogen to produce butane 1

b) Identify the two isomers. 1

34. Hydrocarbons are molecules containing Carbon and Hydrogen atoms

(a.) Identify the two hydrocarbons which would quickly decolourise bromine solution. 1

(b.) Identify the isomer of the compound D which belongs to a different homologous series. 1

11 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

35. Ethylthioethane belongs to a homologous series of compounds called thioethers.

(a) What is meant by a homologous series? 1
(b) Ethylthioethane is formed when ethylthiol reacts with bromoethane as shown

12 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

36. Alkanes can be made by the reaction of sodium with iodoalkanes.

For example, butane can be made from iodoethane.

Butane can also be made using two different iodoalkanes. Name the two iodoalkanes. 1

37. What do the following terms mean?

a) hydrocarbon
b) homologous series
c) addition reaction
d) cracking
e) hydrogenation 5

38. For the molecule below

(a) Name the molecule

(b) Name and draw the product formed when adding hydrogen
(c) Name and draw the product formed when adding bromine
7
(d) Name and draw the product formed when adding water

13 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

N5 Unit 2 Consolidation- Chemical Energy

1. What do the following words mean?

a) exothermic 1

b) endothermic 1

c) fuel 1

d) combustion 1

2. Describe 2 everyday reactions that are exothermic. 1

3. Alcohols burn and release energy.

The table below shows the heat energy released from burning 1 mole of 3 alcohols.

Alcohol Shortened Structural Heat Released kJ

Formula mol-1
methanol CH3OH 727
ethanol CH3CH2OH 1367
Propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH 2020

a) Write a sentence linking the number of carbon atoms and the heat released. 1

b) Predict the heat released from burning 1 mole of butan-1-ol. 1

c) An experiment was carried out in the lab to determine the heat energy released by
1 mole of ethanol, the experimental value was 800 kJ mol-1

i) Suggest how this experiment was carried out. 1

ii) Suggest why this value was lower than the value shown above. 1

4. For each of the following calculate the heat energy released by the burning of the fuel.

a) The temperature of 100cm3 of water is increased by 30 oC. 1

b) The temperature of 50cm3 of water is increased by 11.8 oC. 1

c) The temperature of 150cm3 of water is increased from 20.5 oC to 38.7 oC. 1

d) The temperature of 200cm3 of water is increased from 14.5 oC to 28.5 oC. 1

14 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

EVERYDAY CONSUMER CHEMISTRY

1. Give the systematic name for the following alcohols

A B

C D

2. Draw the full and shortened structural formula for the following alcohols.

A Methanol B Butanol

C 3-methylhexanol D 2,2-dimethylpentanol

3. What organic compound is produced by the dehydration of ethanol.

a.) Ethane
b.) Ethene
c.) Ethanal
d.) Ethanoic Acid 1

15 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

4. Which of the following is an isomer of 2,2-dimethylpentan-1-ol

a.) CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH
b.) (CH3)3CCH(CH3)CH2OH
c.) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
d.) (CH3)2CHC(CH3)2CH2CH2OH 1

5. Give the name for the following acids.

A B

C D

4
6. Draw the full and shortened structural formula for the following acids.

A Propanoic acid B 2-methylbutanoic acid

C Hexanoic acid D 2,3,4-trimethylpentanoic acid

16 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

7. Give the systematic name for the following esters

A B

C D

4
8. Draw the full and shortened structural formula for the following.

A Methyl propanoate B Ethyl hexanoate

C Ester produced between propanol D Ester produced between hexanoic acid and
and butanoic acid methanol

17 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

9. Which of the following is an ester?

10. Which of the following products is least likely to contain esters?

a.) Flavourings
b.) Perfumes
c.) Solvents
d.) Toothpaste
1

18 | P a g e
 National 5 Chemistry Unit 2Consolidation

11. Rum flavouring is based on the compound with the formula shown below.

It can be made from

a.) Ethanol and butanoic acid

b.) Propanol and ethanoic acid
c.) Butanol and methanoic acid
d.) Propanol and propanoic acid 1

12. Which of the following characteristics are not typical of esters?

A) fruity smells B) soluble in water C) artificial flavourings

D) solvents E) are insoluble in water F) are liquids 1

13. Esters can be used as scents in different products.

A new brand of perfume contains an ester made from butanol and ethanoic acid.
Describe a method of creating this ester including:

Any chemicals used (including catalysts)

All equipment used
A step by step process for creating this ester
A drawing of the full structural formula and name of the ester 3

14. A chemistry student discovered four unlabelled bottles of liquid, each of which contained a
different compound. The compounds were known to be butyl methanoate, propanol,
ethanoic acid and pentene.
Describe using as much detail as you can how you could use chemical tests and experiments
to tell the difference between these samples and dispose of them safely. 4

15. What do the following terms mean?

a) carbohydrate
b) hydroxyl
c) carbonyl
d) condensation reaction
e) hydration 5

19 | P a g e