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NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
~ FOR AERONAUTICS

TECHNICAL NOTE 4352

TABLES AND GRAPHS OF NORMAL - SHOCK PARAMETERS

AT HYPERSONIC MACH NUMBERS AND

SELECTED ALTITUDES

By Paul W . Huber

Langley Aeronautical Laboratory

Langley Field, Va .

NACA
Washington
September 1958
x NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

TECHNICAL NOTE 4352

TABLES AND GRAPHS OF NORMAL-SHOCK PARAMETERS

AT HYPERSONIC MACH NUMBERS AND

SELECTED ALTITUDES

By Paul W. Huber

SUMMARY

Tables and graphs of normal-shock parameters are presented for r eal

air in thermal and chemical equilibrium at conditions ahead of the shock
corresponding to six selected altitudes, and for temperatures behind the
shock from 2 ,000 0 K to 11,0000 K. The altitudes used are those repre-
senting the boundaries of the isothermal layers in that part of the
earth's atmosphere considered applicable to aerodynamic flightj that is,
below an altitude of 300,000 feet. The altitude data and the real-air
thermodynamic data used are reliable for application to this range of
altitudes. Tabulated values at each altitude as a function of the tem-
perature behind the shock are presented of the normal-shock Mach numbers,
flight velocity, enthalpy behind the shock, and ratios of real to ideal
values of pressure, density, temperature, and velocity of sound. Graphs
are presented to show the variation of the normal-shock parameters with
fli ght Mach number and altitude, and some discussion of t~e dependence
of the parameters on the initial pressure and temperature -is given. A
method for adapting the data to the case of oblique shocks is included.

INTRODUCTION

It can be shown from the tabulated thermodynamic properties for

real air (for example, ref. 1) and the Rankine-Hugoniot shock relations
that the hypersonic shock parameters are strongly dependent upon both
temperature and pressure as well as on Mach number . This concept is
in contrast to that for ideal air in which no temperature or pressure
dependency is indicated be cause of the assumed constancy of the specific
heats, constancy of the mole cular weight, and perfectness of the gas.
(See, for example, ref. 2.) Until the relatively recent advent of
hypersonic flight in the atmosphere, the assumption of near ideal air
has been adequate for flight, since the temperatures encountered were
moderate and hence the thermal properties of the air were near to the
ideal values. At high temperatures, however, the thermal properties of

_J
2 NACA TN 4352

air become greatly different from those of ideal air, and, in fact, the
air changes composition due to dissociation and ionization of the con-
stituent particles.

A number of real-air hypersonic shock computations have been pub-

lished in recent years (refs. 3 to 8) in which the latest accepted ther-
modynamic air data (9.758 electron volts for the dissociation energy
of nitrogen molecules) are used. In general, however, either outdated
altitude information was used, or the conditions ahead of the shock
were specified in terms of independent values of temperature and pres-
sure. The latter is very useful for general application to hypersonic
tunnel work, but since the atmosphere involves a rather definite com-
bination of pressure and temperature at each altitude, interpolation of
the data to conditions corresponding to a given altitude is often cumber-
some. This inconvenience arises from the double interpolation required
to corre ct for initial temperature and pressure, whereas certain of the
functions are strongly, but not linearly, dependent on temperature or
pressure (or both) in the hypersonic atmospheric regime.

In order to provide values of the normal-shock parameters which

are directly applicable to the selected altitudes, the computations
presented are based upon reliable thermodynamic information for high-
temperature argon-free air (ref. 1) and atmospheric conditions at alti-
tudes up to 300,000 feet (refs. 9 and 10). This range of altitudes
encompasses that part of the earth's atmosphere in which flight where
aerodynamic forces are used to advantage is generally considered. It
may be noted that more recent higher altitude atmosphere data from
earth satellites have superseded the model atmosphere of reference 10
for altitudes above 450,000 feet, but in the range of altitudes used
herein there has been no significant change. Reference 10 should,
therefore, still represent the best available data. The computations
are based on complete thermal and chemical equilibrium, and it is to be
remembered that thermal relaxation and reaction rate phenomena in hyper-
sonic flow will, in some cases, restrict the usefulness of such compu-
tations. References 11 and 12 contain discussions of possible effects
attributable to these nonequilibrium phenomena.

SYMBOLS

H geopotential alt i tude, ft (defined in refs. 9 and 10)

u fluid veloCity, ft/sec

ft2
h specific enthalpy,
sec 2

_ _ _ _ ..J
 NACA TN 4352 3

p absolute pressure, lb/sq ft abs

v molal volume based on undissociated mole, ft 3

p slug-mole

T absolute temperature, ~ or ~, as required

a velocity of sound, ft/sec

M Mach number, u/a

I
K ratio of real-gas parameter to ideal-gas parameter for same
value of Ml, where the particular parameter is indicated
I
by a subscript (for example, Kp2 = ~)
P2'
,l
I
slugs
m molecular weight,
slug-mole
I
R universal gas constant, ft-lb
slug-mole-~

flow-deflection angle

P mass density, rna/V, slugs/cu ft

e oblique-shock angle

ratio of specific heats

Subscripts :

o at standard sea-level pressure (2, 116 lb/sq ft abs); at tem-

perature of 273.16 0 K

1 at altitude conditions and ahead of normal shock

2 behind normal shock

i ideal air (r = 1.40; m = mO; ~ = 1.0)

e at altitude conditions and ahead of oblique shock

deflected flow behind oblique shock

 4 NACA TN 4352

METHOD OF COMPUTATION

The e quations denoting cons ervation of mass) momentum) and energy

are written for the cas e of a normal shock wave in the following
equations :

( 1)

The ideal-gas relations for the equation of state at the reference

conditions and the velocity of sound on the low-pressure side (ahead of
the shock) are :

(4 )

since the gas is very nearly ideal at these conditions.

If e quations (1)) (2)) (3)) and (4) are combined ) the following
relations are obtained:

P2
- 1
1 P2 Pl
M 2
1 -- ( 6)
)'1 Pl P2
- 1
Pl

Equation (5) is in a form suitable for ins ertion of tabulated values of

the thermodynamic properties for real air arid of the ambient - air prop -
erties at selected altitude s. Solution of equation ( 5) is obtained by
,-

L~.
 --~--~- ----'~-~- -~ ~ -"'---~ ---' ---'-~---'---'- --~---'-~--------' ---' -- ~---"----~ ----------

NAeA TN 4352 • 5

hl
specifying value s of and iterating by using
R
- TO
mO
interpolated values of the tabulated thermodynamic properties
p
~
p , and at the specified value of • T2 until the equation is
o R
rna TO
satisfied. I nter polation of these tabulated air properties is a ccurately
a cc omplished by linear interpolation of the logarithms of the values .
Iteration of equation ( 5) is made rapidly convergent by first c hoosing
two s et s of the tabulated properties and plotting values of the left and
P2
right sides of the equation as a function of for these two cases and
Po
finding a straight-line intersection. This intersection is generally
very close to the final solution for -. P2 Values of Ml and u l are
Po
then found dire ctly from e quation (6) by using values of
for argon - fr ee air. In order to present the Mach number and velocity
a2 pertinent to eac h s olu -
of sound behind the normal shock , values of
aO
tion (R h2
rna TO
and T~ "er~ r ead from a large chart available in r efer-

ence 6. This chart is based on computations of a2 from reference 13

and represents the case of complete thermal and chemical equilibrium .
a u2
The ratios ~ and a 2 were then computed by using from e qua -
l ul
tion (1) and along with ~lues of for each altitude.

ACCURACY

In the iteration of e quation ( 5) it was arbitrarily decided that

the accepted solution would require at least 0.2 percent agreement
between the values for the left and right sides of the equation. Inspec-
tion of equations (5) and (6) and of the thermodynamic data shows that this
r equirement establi she s a similar accuracy for P2 and P2' with the
value of Ml from equation ( 6) being within 0.1 percent of the corre ct
value . Justification for this seeming crudenes s lies "m ainly in the
strong dependence of the r e sults on the altitude data, which are certainly I

I
I
I

I
I

i
6 NACA TN 4352

not available for application to a given flight case to any greater

accuracy. Some justification also may be found as a result of the use
of argon-free -air data, which may be of the order of 1 percent different
from atmospheric air in the enthalpy-temperature relation, although the
errors resulting in the relations of the nondimensional aerodynamic
parameters (for example, ~~ = f(Ml~ should be less than 1 percent.

DATA INPUT

Values of the parameters ~

---, and were taken from
R
- TO
roo
reference 1 and represent equilibrium values of the properties including
effects of dissociation and ionization for an assumed argon-free real
air. A somewhat more complete tabulation of the real-air thermodynamic
properties may be found in reference 13 with the values being essentially
in agreement with those of reference 1. Tabulated air properties may
Pl
also be found in reference 14. Values of the parameters Tl , -- and
PO'
as functions of H were taken from data given in references 9
and 10 and represent a reliable model of the upper atmospheric condi-
tions for the range of altitudes applicable to aerodynamic flight.
hl al
Values of - -- and were taken from reference 15 for conditions
R
- TO
mO
corresponding to each altitude.

Computations of the shock parameters are included for the range of

temperatures T2 from 2,000 0 K to 11,0000 K at the intervals found in
reference 1, for each altitude chosen. The altitudes chosen were those
below 300,000 feet which represent boundaries of the isothermal layers
within this region of the earth's atmosphere as taken from references 9
and 10. These altitudes and a few others are listed in table I and
pertinent information for use in the computations is also shown in
table I and plotted in figures 1 and 2.

Only these six altitudes were selected because it was desirable to

limit the computations to a minimum number of cases. Since the tempera-
ture variation with altitude in the atmosphere is so peculiarly non-
monotonic (see fig. 1), selection of the discontinuous points with the
rather linear variation between these points allows for possible inter-
polation of such functions as may exhibit relationships that are largely

I
___________________.__________________________________________________________J
NACA TN 4352 7

temperature dependent. The data of figure 2 indicate that solely

pressure-dependent functions may be logarithmetically interpolated to
other altitudes to a reasonable degree.

RESULTS

The results of the computations are given in table II for each

altitude as a function of the temperature T2 behind the normal shock.
P2
The tabulated values include the parameters --, P2
--, T2
Ml, u l ' --,
Pl Pl Tl
~ and Also tabulated are the ratios of these real-air
~.
-R TO '
mO
parameters to the corresponding ideal-air parameters, KP2' Kp2 ) KT2 )
Ka2 , and KM2 , for the same value of Ml (ideal parameters are inde-
pendent of Pl and Tl and therefore of H). The ideal-air normal-
shock parameters are computed from the relations found in reference 2
by use of 71 = 1.400. Plotted in figures 3 to 7 are the ratios ~2'
Kp2 ' ~2' Ka2 , and KM2 as functions of Ml for each altitude. The
values of a2 and consequently of M2 given in the tables and figures
are listed only within the range of data contained in the chart of
reference 6.

Marked departures of the real-air normal-shock parameters from

the ideal-air values are shown to occur in these figures with K being
as low as 0.17 and as high as 3.5. In general, the nonideality of the
results increases with flight Mach number and altitude - this being
physically a result of the large increase of the heat capacity of the
gas with temperature (Mach number) and the large increase of degree of
dissociation with the inverse of pressure (altitude) at these tempera-
tures. The peculiar nonlinearity of the results when plotted as a
function of Mach number is largely due to the dissociation at different
energy levels of oxygen and nitrogen and when plotted as a function of
altitude is due also to the peculiar variation of temperature in the
atmosphere (fig. 1). It is obvious that interpolation or extrapolation,
even of altitude results such as these, should be attempted with extreme
caution.

For purposes of interpolation to other altitudes, however, it can

be shown from table II (and from examinat ion of the shock equations)
that certain parameters will exhibit less s ensitivity to the real-air
effects than 9thers. For example, the shock pressure ratio P2/Pl as a
 ~-------- ----- ~-~- -~---~- - ~-------~ - ---- - ---~- -- -- - - --~- - - - - - -- - -- - - - -

8 NACA TN 4352

function of Mach number Ml has a relatively slight dependence on

initial pressure and temperature, whereas this parameter as a function
of ul shows a strong dependence on the initial temperature Tl but
again little or no dependence on initial pressure Pl' The shock den-
sity ratio P2/ Pl shows only a slight dependence on initial temperature
when plotted as a function of flight velocity u l but bas a definite
dependence on initial pressure; however, when plotted as a function of
Ml, the shock density ratio shows appreCiable dependence on both tem-
perature and pressure. For another example, use of the shock tempera-
ture r~tio T2 /Tl as a parameter introduces a strong dependence on the
initial temperature Tl , whether it be plotted as a function of flight
velocity or Mach number, whereas if shock temperature rise T2 - Tl or
T2 is used, this temperature dependency is greatly reduced, particuarly
when plotted against u l . A pressure dependency, however, is s een in
~ll cases. In general, by judicious use of the shock parameters, alti-
tude interpolation is possible to a reasonable degree of accuracy for
many engineering applications.

As an aid in interpolation of these results to other altitudes,

therefore, the parameters Kp2 and T2 are plotted as a function of
flight velocity ul in figures 8 and 9, respectively. For use with
these figures the atmospheric velocity of sound al, calculated by using
equation (4), is shown as a function of altitude H in figure 10 for
readily finding the value of ul = Mla l at any desired altitude and
Mach number.

It is seen in figures 1 and 2 that the altitude data from refer-

ence 10, which are considered to be the most applicable data to aero-
dynamic flight in the atmosphere, are significantly different from the
older data (ref. 16) at altitudes above 82,000 feet and are much closer
to the data of reference 17. This comparison indicates that normal-
shock computations based on the older 'data (for example, ref. 6) would
also be different above this altitude. Differences of as high as
25 percent may be noted in values of P2/Pl or T2/Tl plotted against
ul-

One exception is noted to the differences that may occur above

82, 000 feet and that is that the altitude data at 120,000 feet used for
the computations of reference 6 a~e very close to the later altitude
data (se e figs. 1 and 2). I n order, therefore, to provide an additional
altitude on figures 3 to 7, the curves for an altitude of 120,000 feet
from reference 6 have been read and replotted to these coordinates.

1
--- -------------- ---~---------------- - - - - - - - - - - -______________________________J
 ~~~~---- --- ---------------------- -~~~~---~ ~---- - --- -- --- - --- -- ----

NACA TN 4352 9

A word may be said about the stagnation-point values in the flow

behind the shock wave. Computations of these values have not been
included in the report for two reasons; first, the change in flow values
from behind the normal shock to the stagnation point is relatively smal~,
and second, where such values may be required, the computation is read-
ily made by using table II along with a large Mollier type chart such
as is obtained from reference 6. With regard to the first reason, it
can be shown from inspection of the energy equation applied to this
case, together with a few sample computations in the hypersonic range,
that the temperature rise at stagnation behind the normal shock is of
the order of 1 percent and that the density and pressure rise are of
the order of 5 percent.

Values of the obli que -shock parameters, although not included in

the present analysis, may be readily computed from the normal-shock
parameter s found in table II along with the oblique -s hock relations
illustrated in the following sketch:

These parameters are:

u Ml
sin e = uel Me

tan(e - 0) U2 1
= ( 8)
tan e ul P2/ Pl

u2 ~
sin(e - 0) = =
Uo Mo

I
I
I

II
I
I
I
________ I
~_.J
 ---------------------~-----

10 NACA TN 4352

For each desired altitude and flight velocity ue (or Me):

(1) Assume values of ul (or Ml) as listed in table II, and read
corresponding values of P2/ Pl' P2/P l' and so on.

(2) Find e from e quation (7), c from equation (8)} and U c

from equation (9).

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Normal-shock parameters for real air in thermal and chemical equi-

librium have been presented in both tabular and graphical form for six
selected altitudes for the range of temperatures behind the shock from
2,0000 K to 11,0000 K. Reliable altitude and thermodynamic air data
for application to aerodynamic flight in the atmosphere have been used.
The graphs serve to illustrate the variation of the normal-shock param-
eters with Mach number and altitude. The dependence of the parameters
on initial temperature and pressure is indicated so that interpolation
of the parameters to other altitudes may be readily carried out.
Included is a method for adapting the data to the case of oblique shocks.

Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,

National Advisory Committee for AeronautiCS,
Langley Field, Va., June 9, 1958.
 NACA TN 4352 11

REFERENCES

1. Hilsenrath, Jos eph, and Beckett, Charles W.: Tables of Thermodynamic

Properties of Argon-Free Air to 15,000 0 K. AEDC-TN-56-12, Arnold
Eng. Dev. Center, sept. 1956. (Also available from ASTIA as Doc.
No. AD-98974.)

2. Ames Research Staff: Equations, Tables, and Charts for Compressible

Flow. NACA Rep. 1135, 1953. (Supersedes NACA TN 1428.)

3 . Bond, J. W., Jr.: Equilibrium Conditions Behind a Normal Shock Front

in the Atmosphere. MSD 1456, Lockheed Aircraft Corp., Dec. 20,
1955. (Available from ASTIA as AD-113496.)

4. Romig, Mary F.: The Normal-Shock Properties for Air in Dissociation

Equilibrium. Jour. Aero. SCi., (Readers' Forum), vol. 23, no. 2,
Feb. 1956, pp. 185- 1 86.

5. Moeckel, Wolfgang E.: Obli que-Shock Relations at Hypersonic Speeds

for Air in Chemical Equilibrium. NACA TN 3895, 1957.

6. Feldman, Saul: Hypersonic Gas Dynamic Charts for Equilibrium Air.

AVCO Res. Lab., Jan. 1957.

7. Hochstim, Adolf R.: Gas Propert ies Behind Shocks at Hypersonic

Velociti e s. I. Normal Shocks in Air. Rep. No. ZPh(GP)-002, Convair,
Jan. 30, 1957.

8 . McKowen, Paul: The Equilibrium Composition and Flow Variables for

Air Dissociated by a Strong Shock Wave. Rep. No. 02-984-040, Bell
Aircraft Corp., Mar. 8, 1957.

9 . Anon.: Standard Atmosphere - Tables and Data for Altitudes to

65,800 Feet . NACA Rep. 1235, 1955. (Supersedes NACA TN 3182.)

10. Minzner, R. A., and Ripley, W. S.: The ARDC Model Atmosphere. Air
Force Surveys in Geophysics No. 86 (AFCRC TN-56-204), Geophysics
Res. Dir., Air Force Re s. Center (Bedford, Mass.), Dec. 1956.
(Available as ASTIA Doc. 110233.)

11. Fe ldman, Saul: The Chemical Kinetics of Air at High Temperatures:

A Problem in Hypersonic Aerodynamics. Res. Rep. 4, AVCO Res. Lab.,
Feb . 1957. (Formerly Res. Note 25.)

12. Resler, E. L., Jr.: Characteristics and Sound Speed in Nonisentropic

Gas Flows With Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic States. Jour. Aero.
Sci., vol. 24, no. 11, Nov. 1957, pp. 785-790.
12 NACA TN 4352

13. Loga~ J. G., Jr., and Treanor, C. E.: Tables of Thermodynamic

Propert ie s of Air From 3,000 0 K to 10,000 0 K at Intervals of
100 0 K. Rep No. BE-1007-A-3. Cornell Aero. Lab., Inc., Jan.
1957 .
.. /
/'
14 . .Gi~ore, F. R.: Equilibrium Composition and Thermodynamic Properties
of Air to 24,0000 K. U. S. Air Force Project RAND Res. Memo.
RM-1543, The RAND Corp., Aug. 24, 1955. (Also available from ASTIA
as AD 84052.)

15. liilsenrath, Joseph, Beckett, Charles W., et al.: Tables of Thermal

Properties of Gases. NBS Cir. -S64, U. S. Dept. Commerce, 1955.

16. Anon.: Handbook of Supersonic Aerodynamics. NAVORD Rep. 1488

(vol. 1) Bur. Ord., Apr. 1, 1950.

17. The Rock~t Panel : Pressures, Densities, and Temperatures in the

Upper A~mosphere. Phys. Rev., vol. 88, no. 5, Second ser.,
Dec. 1, 1952 , pp. 1027-1032.
NACA TN 4352 13

TABLE 1.- ATMOSPHERIC ALTITUDE CONDITIONS AS TAKEN

FROM REFERENCES 9 AND 10

H, T1 , P1 P1 a1 hl
ft <1<: Po Po aO -R TO
rna
0 288 1.00 0. 9474 1.0272 3.68
36,000 217 .2243 .2 824 . 8905 2 · 77
82 J 020 217 . 2456 x 10 - 1 .3095 x 10 - 1 . 8905 2·77
120 J OOO 251 .4518 x 10-2 . 4910 x 10-2 . 9591 3·21
I
154,200 283 .1189 x 10- 2 .1148 X 10-2 1.0174 3 .61
173,885 283 .5756 X 10- 3 . 5559 X 10-3 1.0174 3 . 61
246,060 197 .2420 X 10 - 4 .3356 X 10- 4 .8484 2.51
295,280 197 .l792 X lo-5 .2485 X lo- 5 .8484 2.51

Constants for argon-free air are (ref. 1) :

Po = 2,116 lb/sq ft slugs

Illo = 28.86 slug-mole
TO = 273.l6° K )'1 = 1.400
Po = 0.002499 slug/eu ft R
a O = 1,089 ft/see -rnO TO = 847 100 ft2 2
' sec
14 NAeA TN 4352

TABLE II. - HYPERSONI C NORMAL- SHOCK PARAMETERS AT SIX SELECTED ALTITUDES

T2, Uv ~
~ ~ Ml ~ ~
OJ( Pl Pl ft Tl R TO al ~ 1»2 Kp2 K.r2 Ka2 ~
me
H = 36,000 ft j Tl = 2170 Kj Pl = 0.2243 atm.
2,000 58.29 6.315 6.971 6.760 X 103 9.217 29 .15 ----- ----- - 1.0314 1.1608 0.8871 --- - -- ------
2,200 66.01 6.507 7. 404 7.180 10.138 32.60 ----- ------ 1.0346 1.1833 .8738 ------ ------
2,400 74 .01 6 .6e.6 7. 828 7· 591 11 .060 36 .17 ----- --- - -- 1.0376 1.2052 .e.602 - ----- - - ----
2,600 82.52 6.876 8.252 8.002 11.982 39.91 --- -- ------ 1.0410 1.2302 .8448 - ----- ------
2, 800 91.62 7.079 8. 679 8. 416 12 .903 43 .88 ----- ------ 1.0446 1.2581 .8277 ------ ------
3,000 101.29 7.2e.6 9.109 8. 833 13 . 825 48.12 3.481 0.3591 1.0482 1.2876 .8096 0.8424 0·9220
3,200 111.90 7. 518 9·555 9.266 14.747 52 ·72 3.594 .3537 1.0521 1.3215 ·7887 .8311 .9104
3,400 123 .45 7.761 10.017 9. 714 15 .668 57 ·73 3.695 .3493 1.0562 1.3580 .7661 . 8170 .9012
3,600 136.20 8. 027 10.500 10 .182 16 . 590 63.19 3.818 .3426 1.0604 1.3984 ·7413 . 8071 .8e.60
3,800 150.02 8.293 10.998 10 .665 17 · 512 69 .22 3.931 .3374 1.0644 1.4393 ·7159 ·7947 .8743
4,000 164 .'51 8.547 11 .497 1l.149 18.433 75·36 4.054 .3318 1.0680 1.4784 .6918 .7854 .8614
4,200 179 .89 8. 791 12 .003 11.640 19 ·355 81.94 4.189 . 3260 1.0713 1.5160 .6684 ·7784 . 8474
4,400 195.50 8.998 12.447 12 .070 20.277 88.71 4.312 .3208 1.0739 1.5477 .6475 .7706 .8352
4,600 211.32 9.178 12 . 980 12.587 21.198 95 ·55 4.464 .3168 1.0760 1.5750 .6290 .7689 .8256
4,800 227·15 9·330 13.446 13. 039 22.120 102·31 4.607 .3128 1.0777 1.5981 .6128 ·7667 . 8161
5,000 242 . 53 9.445 13 · 8e.6 13.466 23 ·042 108.93 4.745 .3099 1.0790 1.6149 ·5995 .7653 . 8091
5,500 279.31 9.627 14.889 14 .438 25 .346 124·74 5.070 .3050 1.0807 1.6407 .5754 .7640 .7976
6,000 315.43 9·746 15 · 814 15·335 27·650 140.49 5.343 .3037 1.0817 1.6568 .5578 ·7588 .7954
6,500 354 .44 9. 893 16.752 16.245 29.954 157.46 5. 576 .3037 1.0831 1.6782 . 5396 ·7483 .7963
7, 000 401.69 10 .158 17 ·811 17.272 32.258 177·54 5. 826 .30lO 1.0858 1. 7197 .5151 ·7362 .7898
7, 500 459.21 10.517 19 ·011 18.435 34 · 562 201.81 6. 098 .2964 1.0895 1. 7771 .4853 .7226 .7786
8, 000 528· 31 lO ·937 20·353 19.737 36 . 866 231.02 6.406 .2907 1.0935 1 .8448 .4524 .7096 .7644
8,500 609 ·90 11.390 21.828 21. 167 39 .171 265 ·49 6.744 .2842 1.0976 1.9183 .4185 .6971 .7479
9,000 703·30 11.817 23 ·402 22.693 41.475 304.90 7·120 .2782 1.1011 1.9874 .3e.61 .6869 .7327
9,500 805 ·62 12 .229 25 ·009 24 .252 43.719 347.96 7· 519 .2720 1.1043 2.0544 .3572 .6791 .7167
lO,ooo 913.96 12 · 548 26 .610 25 . 804 46.083 393.65 7· 925 .2676 1.1066 2.lO60 .3324 .6e.60 .7050
11, 000 1129 ·29 12.904 29 · 547 28.652 50. 691 485 .05 -- --- ------ 1.1090 2.1629 .2970 ------ ------

H = 82, 020 ft j Tl = 217 0 Kj PI = 0.2456 x 10-1 atm .

2, 000 58.39 6·330 6.975 6.764 x 103 9.217 29.16 ----- ------ 1.0319 1.1634 0.8862 ------ ------
2,200 66 ·33 6.535 7.420 7·195 10 .138 32 .65 ----- ------ 1.0354 1.1881 . 8705 ------ ------
2,400 74 .63 6 .734 7.856 7.618 11.060 36.38 ----- ------ 1.0388 1.2133 .8544 ------ ------
2,600 84. 00 6.981 8.314 8.062 11.982 40 .46 ----- ------ 1. 0437 1.2477 . 8330 ------ ------
2, 800 94 .54 7.267 8.799 8·533 12 .903 45 .01 ----- ------ 1.0485 1. 2893 . 8065 ------ ------
3,000 106 .72 7.603 9.321 9.039 13 .825 50.23 3.453 0.3550 1. 0545 1. 3401 ·7750 0. 8176 0.9126
3, 200 120 ·77 7 .983 9. 886 9.587 14.747 56 .26 3· 567 ·3468 1.0607 1. 3985 · 7393 . 7986 .8943
3,400 136.93 8.402 10. 494 10. 176 15 .668 63.16 3· 700 ·3377 1. 0671 1.4639 ·7008 .7826 .8733
3, 600 154.97 8. 845 11.131 10 .794 16.590 70.80 3.842 .3276 1.0732 1. 5336 . 6626 .7678 .8494
3, 800 174 .80 9.249 11.794 11.437 17 .512 79.16 3·998 ·3190 1. 0783 1.5968 . 6257 . 7557 .8288
4,000 193 .32 9.536 12 .384 12 .009 18.433 87·20 4.150 ·3130 1. 0815 1.6412 .5992 .7481 .8145
4, 200 211 .93 9.776 12 .950 12.558 19 .355 95 .22 4.310 .3074 1.0840 1. 6778 . 5768 . 7441 . 8011
4,400 229 .64 9.949 13 .470 13 ·062 20 .276 102 ·72 4.481 ·3021 1. 0857 1. 7039 . 5598 . 7445 ·7882
4, 600 245 . 81 lO .049 13.930 13 .508 21.198 109 .66 4.637 .2989 1. 0e.66 1. 7181 . 5481 . 7456 . 7806
4,800 261.03 10. 114 14.352 13 ·917 22.120 116.12 4.784 .2966 1.0870 1. 7266 · 5396 . 7472 ·7750
5,000 275 .45 10.149 14 .741 14 .294 23.041 122 . 31 4.899 .2965 1.0872 1. 7304 . 5334 . 7453 · 7754
5,500 311 .69 10. 227 15 .678 15 ·203 25.346 138.21 5.143 .. 2980 1.0876 1.7392 · 5201 . 7367 .7803
6, 000 356 .88 10. 491 16 .7?? 16 .250 27 ·650 157 .67 5.380 .2969 1. 0900 1. 7797 .4978 .7219 · 7784
6, BQO 418.16 10. 970 18.100 17·552 29 .954 183 .51 5.654 .2918 1.0945 1.8563 .4633 .7032 .7661
7, 000 499 .39 11 .632 19 .728 19 .131 32.258 217.61 5.987 .2833 1.1002 1.9636 .4210 . 6839 · 7445
7, 500 601.18 12 .361 21.589 20.935 34 .562 260.39 6.376 .2739 1.1055 2.0823 ·3773 .6662 .7208
23.603 22 . 888 36 . 866 310·92 6. 827 .2648 1.1107 2.1960 .6531 .6974
39.171 366 ·57 7·300 .2574 1.1145 2.2933 .331~
8,000 721.70 13 ·059
8,500 855. 66 13 .656 25. 6?§ 24 .879 ·303 .6429 .6784
9,000 989.01 14 .031 27 ··556 26 .722 41.475 423 .09 7.784 .2523 1.1166 2.3539 .2791 .6385 .6653
9,500 1114 . 41 14 .179 29 .241 28 .356 43.779 475 · 87 8.260 .2497 1.1174 2.3771 .2618 .6390 . 6590
10,000 1222 . 52 14.255 30.621 29 .694 46.083 521.67 ----- ------ 1.1177 2.3884 .2514 ------ ------
ll,ooo 1389 .66 14 .018 32 .670 31.681 50. 691 592 ·92 ----- ------ 1.1160 2. 3472 .2431 ------ ------

........
I
~ _________________________ JI
NACA TN 4352 15

TABLE II. - HYPERSONIC NORMAL-SHOCK PARAMETERS AT SIX SELECTED ALTITUDES - Continued

T2, P2 P2 u1, T2 ~ ~
Ml 1L :I'O ~ l<p2 Kp2 ~ Ka2 ~
ox: P1 P1 ft Tl me al

H = 154,200 ft ; Tl = 28;0 K; Pl = 0.1189 x 10- 2 atm.

2,000 4; .72 6.178 6.0;2 6.68; x 10; 7.067 29 .29 ----- ------ 1.0;41 1.1713 0. 8818 ------ ------
2,200 50 ·31 6.454 6.454 7·151 7. 774 33 .11 ----- ------ 1.0389 1.2048 .8600 ---- --------
2,400 58.43 6. 836 6.929 7.677 8.481 37.69 ----- ------ 1.0462 1..2580 .8252 ------ ------
2,600 68.97 7.374 7·492 8. 301 9.187 4;.55 ----- ------ 1.0560 1.3384 ·7750 ------ -- ----
2,800 82 .69 8.070 8.158 9.038 9.894 51.09 ----- ------ 1..0672 1.4460 ·7126 ------ ------
3,000 99.66 8.856 8.910 9.872 10.601 60 .45 3.047 0·3302 1.0780 1.5690 .6472 0.7528 0.8467
3,200 ll9 ·34 9.652 9.708 10 .756 11.307 71.16 3. 196 .3147 1.0872 1.6939 ·5869 · 7282 .8107
3,400. 138.98 10 .271 10.446 11.573 12.014 82 .01 3.362 ·3025 1.0932 1. 7903 .5422 .7141 · 7821
3,600 156 .18 10.637 11.057 12.250 12·721 91.50 ; · 529 .2946 1.0963 1. 8453 .5147 . 7098 .7636
3, BoO 170 .65 10.816 11.551 12.798 1; .428 99. 48 3.706 .2882 1.0974 1.8702 .4994 .7146 .7482
4,000 181.92 10. 834 11.928 13·215 14.134 105.Bo 3.858 .2854 1.0971 1.8691 .4941 ·7213 .7419
4,200 191.88 10. 798 12 .213 1;·531 14.841 111.49 3.981 .2841 1.0964 1.8596 .4924 · 7251 ·7391
4,400 201.68 10 .76; 12 .566 1;.922 15·548 117 ·10 4.059 .2876 1.0957 1.8507 .4913 .7216 .7488
4,600 212 .28 10 .766 12 . 894 14 .286 16 .254 123.18 4.128 .!'901 1.0954 1.8483 .4886 · 7157 ·7559
4,Boo 225 .06 10 . 853 13 ·273 14.706 16 .961 130.23 4.197 .2914 1.0960 1.8602 .4819 .7074 . 7600
5,000 240.24 11.010 13 ·705 15 ·184 17.668 138.65 4.281 .2908 1.0972 1.8839 .4716 .6993 · 7591
5, 500 294.36 11. 785 15·127 16 . 760 19.435 168. 48 4.526 .2836 1.10;4 2.0070 .4277 .6715 ·7420
6,000 379 · 31 13.045 17·101 18. 947 21.201 214·57 4.875 .2689 1.1123 2.2114 .3668 .6412 ·7052
6,500 496 .72 14 .460 19.497 21.601 22.968 271 · 87 5·;13 .25;8 1.1205 2.4418 .;068 . 6140 . 6670
7,000 634 .15 15 ·611 21.974 24. 346 24 .735 352.49 5· 819 .2419 1.1260 2.6288 .2608 · 5975 . 6366
7,500 767· 45 16.260 24 .144 26 ·750 26.502 424 . 83 6.315 .2351 1.1287 2·7332 .2319 ·5907 . 6193
8,000 873 .84 16.405 25 . 758 28. 538 28.269 482 . 75 6. 782 .2315 1.1292 2.7548 .2175 · 5949 . 6102
8,500 947· 86 16 .200 26 . 839 29· 736 30.035 524 .31 ----- ------ 1.1281 2.7191 .2130 ------ _.. _---
9,000 1003 . 36 15 · 891 27.632 30. 614 31. 802 555·15 ----- ------ 1.1266 2.6658 .2129 ------ ------
9,500 1051.30 15 · 572 28.304 31.359 33 .569 581.93 ----- ------ 1.1250 2.6116 .2142 ------ ------
10,000 1097.98 15.274 28 .946 32 .070 35 .336 609 .11 ----- ------ 1.1235 2.5609 .2156 ------ ------
11,000 1216.15 14 .950 30. 488 33 .778 38. 869 674.53 ----- ------ 1.1216 2. 5051 .2139 ------ ------

H = 173,885 ft; Tl = 283 0 K; Pl = 0.5756 x 10- 3 atm.

2, 000 43.78 6.185 6.035 6.686 x 103 7.067 29·35 ... - ... -- ------ 1.0343 1.1724 0.8Bo8 ------ ------
2,200 50. 82 6.510 6.482 7·182 7.714 33·35 ----- ------ 1.0403 1.2140 . 8533 ------ ------
2,400 59 .68 6.961 6.99; 7.748 8.481 38.35 ----- ------ 1.0489 1.2787 .8114 ------ ------
2,600 71.72 7.617 7.623 8.446 9.187 45 ·01 ... ---- ------ 1.0606 1.3788 . 75(£, ------ ------
2,800 87 .70 8.456 8.378 9.282 9. 894 53 · 85 ----- --- ... -- 1.0732 1.5098 .6782 ------ ------
3, 000 107.35 9.374 9.218 10.213 10.676 64 . 56 3·055 0· 3215 1.0847 1.6542 .611; 0.7320 0. 8260
3,200 l28.39 10.171 10.042 11.126 11.307 76 .09 3.224 ·3062 1.0928 1.7792 .5502 .7112 ·7902
3,400 148.59 0.704 1O.7Bo 11.94; 12 .014 86·78 3 .406 .2953 1.0974 1.8607 .5104 .7020 .7646
3,600 163 .48 0.954 11.297 12.516 12.721 95 .46 3.588 .2875 1.0992 1. 8972 .4938 .7069 .7458
3,800 175 ·73 1.009 11·712 12 .976 13.428 102·32 3.760 .2830 1. 0992 1.9017 .4862 .7154 .7351
4,000 185 .55 0.956 12.040 13·339 14.134 107. 94 3. 883 .2831 1.0982 1. 8890 .4847 . 7194 . 7361
4,200 195.05 0· 902 12.349 1.3.682 14.841 113·33 3. 981 .2845 1.0974 1.8766 .4846 .7197 .7403
4,400 205.32 0.889 12 .672 14. 040 15·548 119.15 4.050 .2874 1.0969 1.8713 .4833 .7140 .7484
4,600 217.25 0·917 13.035 14 . 442 16 .254 125 .88 4.114 .2899 1. 0968 1.87;0 .4783 .7056 .7557
4,800 232 .02 1.092 13 .462 1.4.915 16.961 134 .04 4.187 .2899 1. 0982 1.8996 .4687 .6961 .7567
5, 000 250.35 iU·342 13 .971 15.479 17 ·668 144.16 4.270 .2885 1.1002 1.9387 . 4542 .6846 .7537
5,500 318.45 112·457 15 .696 17 .390 19.435 181.13 4.553 .2767 1.1086 2.1183 ·3979 .6514 . 7247
6,000 423 ·47 4.003 18.021 19 .966 21.201 238.16 4.964 .2593 1.1182 2. 3697 . 3308 .6200 . 6Bo8
6,500 561.50 5· 521 20 .679 22.911 22.968 312 . 58 5. 456 .2442 1.1259 2.6170 .2731 ·5950 .6423
7,000 709 .17 6.544 23 .195 25 .698 24.735 392 · 30 5. 986 .2;42 1.1302 2.7830 .2343 .5826 .6168
7, 500 832 . 52 6. 888 25.117 27.828 26 . 502 459.94 6.487 .2293 1.1314 2.8369 .2144 .58;5 .6042
8,000 918.87 6.771 26.395 29.244 28 .249 507·15 ----- ------ 1.1307 2.8152 .2071 ------ ------
8,500 977 .24 1.6.424 27. 240 30.1Bo 30.035 539. 84 ----- ------ 1.1291 2. 7558 .2068 ------ ------
9,000 1023 ·63 16.034 27 ·901 30.912 31. Bo2 566 . 59 ----- ------ 1.1273 2.6903 .2088 ------ ------
9,500 1071.93 15·727 28.571 31.655 33 · 569 593 .26 ----- ------ 1.1257 2. 6;72 .2102 ------ ------
10,000 1126 .13 15.496 29 . 300 32.462 35 · 336 623.39 ----- ------ 1.1245 2.5976 .2105 ------ ------
11,000 1266 . 51 15·273 31.090 34 .445 38. 869 702.48 ----- ------ 1.1233 2.5587 .2058 ------ ------
16 NACA TN 4352

TABLE II. - HYPERSONIC NORMAL-SHOCK PARAMETERS AT SIX SELECTED ALTITUDES - Concluded

T2, P2 P2 ul , T2 ~ "2
Ml -R-
OJ{ PI PI ft Tl - TO al ~ ~2 Kp2 ~ ~ KM2
roo
H = 246,060 ftj Tl = 1970 Kj PI = 0.2420 x 10- 4 atm .
2,000 67 ·23 6.593 7.465 6. 897 x 103 10.152 29 .97 ----- ------ 1.0368 1.1974 0.8620 ------ ------
2,200 81.53 7.183 8.172 7·550 11.168 35·55 ----- ------ 1.0487 1.2868 .8019 ------ ------
2,400 103 . 82 8.208 9.142 8.446 12.183 44.07 ----- ------ 1.0666 1.4499 .7086 ------ ------
2,600 135 ·95 9.581 10.371 9. 581 13·198 56.24 ----- ------ 1.0849 ~ . 6711 .6039 ------ ------
2,800 '173 ·55 10 . 869 11.647 10 ·760 14 .213 70 .46 ----- ------ 1.0978 1.8783 ·5203 ------ ------
3,000 206 ·74 11.650 12.674 11 ·709 15 ·228 83.14 3. 850 0.2825 1.1041 2.0021 . 4732 0. 6790 0·7360
3,200 229 . 96 11.910 13·357 12 .340 16.244 91.89 4.096 .2738 1.1057 2.0406 .4559 .6862 .7141
3,400 244 . 88 11.810 13·790 12.740 17·259 97 . 83 4.314 .2707 1.1045 2 .0201 .4551 .7006 . 7068
3, 600 257·03 11 .648 14.139 13 .062 18.274 102.73 4.468 .2717 1.1028 1.9898 .4590 .7080 ·7098
3,800 269 · 55 11".523 14.488 13 .385 19 .289 107· 74 4.550 .2763 1.1015 1.9662 .4619 .7041 ·7222
4,000 284 .46 11 .489 14 . 887 13·753 20· 305 113 . 70 4.621 .2804 1.1009 1.9581 .4611 . 6963 · 7335
4,200 304 ·54 11 .614 15·397 14.225 21.320 121.37 4.686 .2829 1.1017 1.9765 .4532 .6832 . 7406
4,400 331.61 11.913 16 .050 14.828 22 ·335 131.71 4.774 .2822 1.1040 2.0257 .4376 .6683 ·7393
4,600 369.09 12 .433 16. 903 15 . 616 23.350 145 .78 4.904 .2773 1.1078 2.1084 .4133 .6524 .7274
4,800 418 .60 13 .145 17.962 16.594 24.366 164.49 5.051 .2702 1.1127 2.2248 .3827 .6337 ·7092
5,000 482.44 14 .032 19 .236 17· 771 25.381 188.47 5.246 .2613 1.1180 2·3703 .3482 .6144 .6865
5,500 703.72 16 . ':$18 23 .106 21.347 27 ·919 271.48 5.864 .2385 1.1301 2.7787 .2665 · 5730 .6280
6,000 973·55 18.426 27 ·093 25 ·030 30.457 371·79 6.589 .2232 1.1371 3·0919 .2120 . 5497 .5885
6,500 1185 .12 18.969 29 . 870 27 ·595 32.995 451.81 7.214 .2183 1.1387 3.1792 .1892 .5462 . 5758
7,000 1301.24 18.605 31.318 28 . 933 35 ·533 496 .59 ----- ------ 1.1374 3.1166 .1854 ------ ------
7,500 1370.66 18.006 32 .173 29·723 38.071 523·71 ----- ------ 1..1351 3.0154 .1883 ------ ------
8, 000 1434.92 17 .486 32 .948 30 .439 40. 609 548.29 ----- ------ 1.1331 2.9278 .1915 ------ ------
8,500 1505 ·79 17·049 33 ·779 31.207 43 . 147 577 . 86 ----- .------ 1.1313 2.8539 .1937 ------ ------
9,000 1611.57 16 .915 34. 955 32 .293 45 .685 616 .69 ----- ------ 1.1307 2.8307 .1915 ------ ------
9,500 1747.11 16 .911 36 .396 33 .625 48 .223 668 .79 ----- ------ 1.1306 2. 8292 .1865 ------ ------
10,000 1928. 51 17·101 38.227 35 .316 50. 761 736.97 ----- ------ 1.1313 2.8610 .1781 ------ ------
11,000 2433 . 88 17· 740 42 . 898 39. 631 55 . 838 928.96 ----- ------ 1.1337 2.9648 .1556 ------ ------
H = 295,280 f tj Tl = 1970 Kj PI = 0.1792 x 10- 5 atm.
2,000 72 . 88 7.082 7·729 7·140 x 103 10.152 32. 04 ----- ------ 1.04Bl 1.2791 0.8084 ------ ------
2,200 98 . 83 8.488 8.897 8.220 11 .168 41.94 ----- ------ 1.0721 1.5041 .6837 ------ ------
2,400 139. 56 10 .459 10.458 9.662 12.183 57 .16 ----- ------ 1.0953 1.8228 .5486 ------ ------
2,600 183 .48 12 .041 11.918 11.010 13 .198 73.80 ----- ------ 1.1083 2.0775 .4621 - ----- ------
2,800 213·73 12 . 628 12 . 841 11.863 14 .213 85·18 ----- ------ 1.1119 2 .1684 .4306 ------ ---- --
3,000 229.52 12·501 13·315 12 . 301 15.228 91.46 4.067 0.2619 1.1105 2.1422 .4299 0. 6833 0.6833
3,200 241.13 12.273 13 . 660 12.620 16 .244 96.05 4.249 .2623 1.10B5 2.1004 . 4363 . 6965 .6847
3,400 252 .29 12 .050 13 .986 12.921 17·259 100·57 4·320 .2687 1.1064 2.0596 .4434 .6925 ·7017
3,600 266 .18 11.953 14.372 13.278 18.274 106 .12 4·373 .2750 1.1053 2 .0403 .4445 .6821 . 7188
3, 800 286.50 12.086 14.905 13 · 770 19 .289 113·78 4.435 .2781 1.1060 2.0596 .4370 .6674 .7274
4,000 316 .41 12.489 15.644 14 .453 20 · 305 125·12 4,526 .2767 1.1089 2.1241 .4184 .6498 .7245
4,200 360 .27 13 .212 16,656 15 .388 21.320 141.88 4.662 .2704 1.1136 2.2416 .3884 .6293 ·7088
4,400 424 .16 14.315 18.020 16 .648 22 · 335 165 .69 4.845 .2598 1.1201 2.4226 .3486 .6052 .6821
4,600 510.38 15.691 19 . 706 18.205 23 ·350 197.66 5.oBl .2472 1.1269 2.6488 .3054 . 5810 .6497
4,800 619 . 70 17.194 21.654 20 .005 24 . 366 238.23 5·352 .2353 1.1332 2.B962 .2645 . 5576 .6192
5,000 745 . 54 18. 584 23 .699 21.894 25·381 285 . 58 5·664 .2251 1.1381 3.1249 .2304 · 5397 · 5928
5,500 1059·71 20 ·759 28 .177 26 .031 27 . 919 402 . 58 ----- ------ 1.1443 3.4817 .1798 ------ ------
6,000 1234.65 20 .708 30.416 2B.l00 30.457 468.91 ----- ------ 1.1441 3.4700 .1684 ------ ------
6,500 1309·71 19 .696 31.370 28 .981 32 ·995 497.64 ----- ------ 1.1409 3.2993 .1716 ------ ------
7,000 1366.07 19.070 32 .067 29.625 35 ·533 520.62 ----- ------ 1. 13B9 3.1937 .1769 ------ ------
7,500 1439·73 18.519 32.948 30 .439 38.071 549.65 ----- ------ 1.1370 3.100B .1796 ------ --- ---
8,000 1555·53 18.345 34.257 31.648 40.609 592.86 ----- ------ 1.1363 3.0705 .1772 ------ ------
8,500 172B . 80 18. 510 36 .107 33 . 358 43 ·147 657.88 ----- ------ 1.1368 3.0968 .1696 ------ ------
9,000 1973 ·21 18 .966 38.550 35.615 45·685 751.10 ----- ------ 1.1382 3·1715 .1576 ------ ------
9,500 2306,36 19.576 41.642 3B .471 48 .223 876 .46 ----- ------ 1.1401 3.2722 .1426 ------ ------
10, 000 2725 · 45 20 .275 45.228 41. 784 50 .761 1033 ·05 1.i421 3.3873 .1273 ------ ------
11,000 3716 · 52 21.215 52·757 48 .740 55 . 838 1405.64 ----- ------ 1.1446 3·5422 .1030 ------ ------

I
 0
~
~

380 ~
+="'"
\.>J
\.Jl
C\)
I

It
,/
- - -.....
-

340
I
" \
, \
I
Ref. 10 _
/ \
I \ - - - Ref. 16
300
~
0 \ - - - Ref. 17 -
I
rl
~
\ I \

\\
f-<
I ?'~ -'"'-
1/ ~ \
~
Q)

...,~ 200 \
'" V ~ \
~
~
\ d \.
'\
//,
Q)
f-<

/ / '\
220
-
I
\.'"
~
1\-- -- ~---
V
\
lfo I
O !C 80 120 I
160 200 24D 2&:l 320 360 x 103

Altitud e, H, ft
I
Figur e 1.- Varia tion of atmos pheric tempe rature with altitu
de.
II
I

f--'
......;j
II
I
I
I
 I-'
o
~
Q)

~
-1
~
~

~ Ref. 1 0

-2
~ - - - Ref . 16

~
- - Ref. 17

I'-.

-3
""~
.-11°
0. 0.
I~ "-
o ~"-
.-I
bD
o "-
rl

-It
""" ~ r--, "'-
,,
~
-5 i" ~,

~1'-.'
~
I
I
I "- ,
-6
o Lo so 120 leo 200 240 280 320 360 x 10~
~
Altit ude, H, ft
§;
~
Figure 2 .- Variation of atmospheric pressure with altitude. +:-
\.)J
\J1
[\)
 -------- ------.--

~
&;
~
+:-
VJ
\J1
f\)

1),2

1.

Mach number, Xl

Figure 3.- Variation with Mach number and altitude of the ratio of real to ideal value s of
normal-shock pressure ratio.

f-'
\.0
I
f\)
o

Kp2

IIach number. ~

Figure 4.- Variation with Mach number and altitude of the ratio of real to ideal values of
~
normal-shock density ratio. ~
+:-
\.>I
\Jl
f\)
 ~
&;
~
+-
V.J
VI
I\)

IVr2

Mach nUll1ber. 141

Figure 5.- Variation with Mach number and altitude of the" ratio of real to ideal values of
normal-shock temperature ratio.
I\)
t-'
 I'\)
I'\)

Ka2

~
Mach number. Ml ~
~
t.

Figure 6.- Variation with Mach number and altitude of the ratio of real to ideal values of +-
\..N
normal-shock velocity-of-sound ratio. \J1
I'\)

•
 • ..

~
(")
~

~
+:-
\..N
V'
f

Mach number. Ml

Figure 7.- Variation with Mach number and altitude of the ratio of real to ideal values of
Mach number behind normal shock. f\)
\..N
r-
I
I\)
-t:""

11.6

11.2~

2.8

2.4

Kp2

2.0

1.6 1l#Ifl#!#Il#!#If

.8 -
1.2

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 110 32 3u X 103

~
FUght velocity, ul' rt/.ee

Figure 8 .- Variation with flight velocity and altitude of the ratio of real to ideal values
of normal shock density ratio. ~
-t:""
\.).j
\J1
I\)

I •
• \'

l. _
 --~---~~---- --- .----- .-~~--

•
., ..

~
~
11.000 I I I I II Ii I l i d I I II I.i I 1111 111 I. Ii Iii Iii. 11,1' PI 1:. 1 I ; I II I . I. I i I il l • I Ii .1 1 . I I ·I I· I I II I I • I I 13&&31&++&++&53
~
+""
\>I
\.J1
f\)

8000

0
><
7 000
...;"
.,.."~
." 6000

...""
S

5 000

4000

~oo o

2000
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 x 103

Flight velocity. "1' rt/sec

Figure 9.- Variation with flight velocity and altitude of the temperature behind a normal f\)
shock. \.J1
 -- -- -

r
f\)
~

ll20

1100

0
Q)
(f}

'-
+'
<.-i
~

.-I
.aI

'0
~
;::J
0
(f}

<.-i
0
1000
p.,
+'
orl
()
0
.-I
Q)
>

2:
>
()
900
>
300 x 10 3 ~
o 100 200
.."
t-
O>

;;
'<
~
. ~
..., Alti t ude , H, ft
<i' +:-
.e: 'VI
-<
• Figure 10.- Variation of velocity of sound with altitude for an argon - f r ee model atmospher e . ~

• • •