Process Synchronization
Producer-Consumer Problem
A synchronization problem where the producer
Race Condition generates data and stores it in a buffer, and
the consumer retrieves and processes the
.
Occurs when the system's behavior problem data. Proper coordination is needed to avoid
depends on the sequence or timing of Classic buffer overflow or underflow.
uncontrollable events such as the order problem
in IPC
in which processes are scheduled.
Critical Section Problem
A situation where multiple processes access shared Reader-Writer Problem
solution resources and data. Only one process should A problem in which multiple readers can
execute its critical section at any given time to avoid simultaneously read a shared resource,
conflicts. but a writer requires exclusive access.
The challenge is to synchronize readers
and writers to avoid conflicts.
Semaphores
A synchronization mechanism that uses
counters to control access to shared Peterson Solution
resources by multiple processes. A classic software-based Dining Philosophers Problem
Semaphores ensure that resources are algorithm that solves the A famous synchronization problem where
not overused by more than the allowed critical section problem for two philosophers must alternately think and eat but
number of processes. processes using shared share limited forks. It illustrates the complexity
variables (flag and turn) to
of deadlock and resource allocation issues.
ensure mutual exclusion.
.
Binary Semaphore Counting Semaphore
It is used to control access to a
It is used for signaling between two
resource that has multiple
processes,often to implement locks
and ensure mutual exclusion. instances or to represent a count of
available resources.
