To effectively mitigate liquid sloshing in underground tanks,
several strategies can be implemented. These methods focus on
reducing the amplitude of sloshing waves and minimizing the impact
of hydrodynamic forces during events such as earthquakes. Here are
the most effective techniques:
1. Baffles
Installation of Baffles: Baffles are vertical plates or barriers placed
within the tank to disrupt the free surface of the liquid. They help
to reduce sloshing by breaking up wave patterns and minimizing
liquid movement. The design and placement of baffles are crucial;
they should be positioned to effectively alter the natural sloshing
frequencies of the liquid, thereby reducing wave amplitudes
during dynamic loading conditions
Types of Baffles: Various configurations, such as perforated or
curved baffles, can enhance effectiveness. For instance, double-side
curved baffles have been shown to reduce sloshing more effectively
than traditional vertical baffles by distributing stresses more evenly
across the tank walls
2. Compartmentalization
Dividing Tanks into Compartments: This method
involves segmenting the tank into smaller sections, which limits the
volume of liquid that can slosh back and forth. By confining
liquid movement, compartmentalization reduces the potential for
large wave formations that can exert significant forces on tank walls
3. Gas Layers or Foam
Introducing a Gas Layer or Foam: Placing a layer of gas or foam
on top of the liquid can dampen sloshing motions by
absorbing kinetic energy. This technique is particularly beneficial
for tanks containing volatile liquids, as it reduces the risk of
pressure surges and potential structural damage
