2 Atomic Structure

Question: Incorrect set of quantum numbers from the following is:

Answer: B

Explanation

Question: Given below are two statements:

Statement II : The probability of finding an electron at a point within an atom

is proportional to the orbital wave function.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below:

NEET 2023 Manipur

Answer: A

Explanation
Statement I is true and Statement II is false.
Question: Select the correct Statements from the following:
A. Atoms of all elements are composed of two fundamental particles.

C. All the isotopes of a given elements show same chemical properties.

D. Protons and electrons are collectively known as nucleons.
E. Dalton's atomic theory, regarded the atom as an ultimate particle of matter.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

NEET 2023
Answer: C

Explanation

Question:

NEET 2023
Answer: D

Explanation
 2022
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

Q.1. Match List-I with List-II :

List-I List-II
(quantum number) (orbital)

(a) n = 2, l = 1 (i) 2s

(b) n = 3, l = 2 (ii) 3s

(c) n = 3, l = 0 (iii) 2p

(d) n = 2, l = 0 (iv) 3d

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

NEET 2022 Phase 2

Ans. (A)
Explanation
Q.2. When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 300 nm falls on the
surface of a metal, electrons are emitted with the kinetic energy of
1.68 × 105 J mol−1. What is the minimum energy needed to remove an
electron from the metal?

NEET 2022 Phase 2

Ans. (A)
Explanation
Q.3. Identify the incorrect statement from the following.

NEET 2022 Phase 1

Ans. (D)
Explanation
In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are equal in energy in free state i.e.,
degenerate.

∙ The shape of dx 2 − y2 is different then shape of dz 2

∙ The size of orbital depends on principal quantum number 'n' therefore all
the five 3d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d
orbitals.

∙ Shape of orbitals depends on azimuthal quantum number 'I' therefore

shapes of 4d orbitals are similar to the respective 3d orbitals.

Q.4. If radius of second Bohr orbit of the He+ ion is 105.8 pm, what is the
radius of third Bohr orbit of Li2+ ion?

NEET 2022 Phase 1

Ans. (A)
Explanation
TOPIC 1 03 The energy absorbed by each 05 The frequency of radiation emitted
Preliminary Models molecule (A 2 ) of a substance is when the electron falls from n = 4
4.4 × 10 −19 J and bond energy per to n = 1 in a hydrogen atom will be
01 Which of the following is never true molecule is 4.0 × 10 −19 J. The (Given ionisation energy of
for cathode rays? kinetic energy of the molecule per H = 2.18 ×10–18 J atom–1 and
[CBSE AIPMT 1994] atom will be [CBSE AIPMT 2009] h = 6.625 × 10–34 Js)
(a) They possess kinetic energy (a) 2.0 × 10−20 J (b) 2.2 × 10−19 J [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
(b) They are electromagnetic waves (c) 2.0 × 10−19 J (d) 4.0 × 10−20 J (a) 1.54 × 1015 s–1 (b) 1.03 × 1015 s–1
(c) They produce heat Ans. (a) (c) 3.08 × 1015 s–1 (d) 2.00 × 1015 s–1
(d) They produce mechanical pressure Kinetic energy (KE) of molecule Ans. (c)
Ans. (b) = energy absorbed by molecule Ionisation energy of H
Cathode rays are not electromagnetic − bond energy per molecule = 2.18 × 10 − 18 J atom–1
wave because they do not have electric . × 10 −19 ) − (40
= (44 . × 10 −19 ) J ∴ E 1 ( Energy of Ist orbit of H-atom)
and magnetic components = 0.4 × 10 −19 J
perpendicular to each other. = − 2.18 × 10 −18 J atom–1
KE per atom
− 2 .18 × 10 −18
0.4 × 10 –19 ∴ En = J atom–1
= J n2
2
TOPIC 2 = 2.0 × 10 −20 J
Z = 1 for H-atom
∆E = E 4 − E 1
Bohr’s Model and
− 2 .18 × 10 −18 − 2 .18 × 10 −18
Hydrogen Spectrum 04 The energy of second Bohr orbit of = −
the hydrogen atom is 42 12

= − 2 .18 × 10 × 2 − 2 
−18 1 1
02 The energies E 1 and E 2 of two –328 kJ mol–1 , hence the energy of  4 1 
fourth Bohr orbit would be
radiations are 25 eV and 50 eV [CBSE AIPMT 2005] ∆E = − 2 .18 × 10 −18 × −
15
respectively. The relation between (a) – 41 kJ mol–1 16
their wavelengths, i.e. λ 1 and λ 2 (b) –1312 kJ mol–1 = + 2 .0437 × 10 −18 J atom–1
will be [CBSE AIPMT 2011] ∆E
(c) –164 kJ mol–1 ∴ ν=
(a) λ 1 = 2 λ 2 (b) λ 1 = 4 λ 2 h
(d) – 82 kJ mol–1
1
(c) λ 1 = λ 2 (d) λ 1 = λ 2 2 .0437 × 10 −18 J atom–1
Ans. (d) =
2 6 .625 × 10 −34 J s
Ans. (a) The energy of second Bohr orbit of
hydrogen atom (E2 ) is – 328 kJ mol –1 = 3 .084 × 10 15 s− 1 atom–1
E 1 = 25 eV, E2 = 50 eV 1312
hc hc E n = – 2 kJ mol –1
E1 = and E2 = n 06 In hydrogen atom, energy of first
λ1 λ2
1312 excited state is –3.4 eV. Then, KE
E1 λ2 ∴ E2 = − 2 kJ mol –1
or = 2 of same orbit of hydrogen atom is
E2 λ 1 [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
If n = 4
25 λ 2 1312 (a) + 3.4 eV (b) + 6.8 eV
or = ∴ E4 = – kJ mol –1
50 λ 1 4 2 (c) – 13.6 eV (d) + 13.6 eV
or λ 1 = 2 λ2 = − 82 kJ mol –1 Ans. (a)
 Q Total energy ( E n ) =KE + PE 10 When an electron of charge e and (a) Energy of the electrons in the orbits
1  Ze2  mass m moves with a velocity v are quantised
In first excited state = mv2 + –  (b) The electron in the orbit nearest the
2  r  about the nuclear charge Ze in nucleus has the lowest energy
1 Ze2 Ze2 circular orbit of radius r, the (c) Electrons revolve in different orbits
=+ –
2 r r potential energy of the electrons is around the nucleus
Energy of first excited state is 3.4 eV given by [CBSE AIPMT 1994] (d) The position and velocity of
1 Ze2 Z2 e2 Ze2 Ze2 mv 2 electrons in the orbit cannot be
– 3 .4 eV = – (a) (b) − (c) (d) determined simultaneously
2 r r r r r
Ans. (d)
1 Ze2 Ans. (b)
∴ KE = = + 3 .4 eV The main postulates of Bohr model of
2 r Potential energy = work done
atom are
r Ze2 dr Ze2
=∫ − =− (i) The electrons in an atom revolve
07 Who modified Bohr’s theory by ∞ r 2
r around the nucleus only in certain
introducing elliptical orbits for selected circular paths, called orbits.
electron path? [CBSE AIPMT 1999] 11 If ionisation potential for hydrogen (ii) The energy is emitted or absorbed
(a) Hund (b) Thomson atom is 13.6 eV, then ionisation only when the electrons jump from
(c) Rutherford (d) Sommerfeld potential for He + will be one energy level to another.
Ans. (d) [CBSE AIPMT 1993] (iii) Only those orbits are permitted in
(a) 54.4 eV (b) 6.8 eV which the angular momentum of the
Sommerfeld modified Bohr’s theory.
(c) 13.6 eV (d) 24.5 eV electron is a whole number multiple
According to him electrons move in h
elliptical orbits in addition to circular Ans. (a) of (where, h is Planck’s constant)
orbits. 2π
For hydrogen atom Z = 1 that's why only certain fixed orbits
2 π2 me 4 are allowed, i.e. the momentum of an
08 Bohr radius for the hydrogen atom ∴ Ionisation energy, EH = …(i)
n2h2 electron is quantised.
(n = 1) is approximately 0.530Å. The
For He+ ion, (He+ = 1s 1 )
radius for the first excited state 14 If r is the radius of the first orbit,
so, (He+ = H) ionisation energy,
(n = 2) is (in Å) [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
2 π2 me 4 Z2 the radius of nth orbit of H-atom is
(a) 0.13 (b) 1.06 (c) 4.77 (d) 2.12 EHe + = …(ii)
n2h2 given by [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
Ans. (d) Eq (i)/Eq (ii), we get (a) rn2 (b) rn
r ∝ n2 / Z EHe + = EH × Z2 = 136 . × 4 = 54.4 eV (c)
r
(d) r2n2
where, n = number of orbit n
Z = atomic number 12 The energy of an electron in the nth Ans. (a)
Q r1 ∝ n21 Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom is Radius of an orbit,
r2 ∝ n22 (Z = 1 for H-atom) [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
n2h2
r1 n21 13.6 13.6 rn =
So, = (a) − 4 eV (b) − 3 eV 4π me2 Z
2
r2 n22 n n
13.6 13.6 0.529n2
0 . 530 12 (c) − 2 eV (d) − eV = Å
= 2 n n Z
r2 2 For H-atom, Z = 1
Ans. (c)
∴ r2 = 0 .530 × 4 = 2 .120 Å Energy of an electron in an orbit, If r1 = r
2 π2 me 4 Z2 1311.8 Z2 (according to question r1 = r)
09 The radius of hydrogen atom in the En = − =− kJ mol –1
n2h2 n2 r × n2
ground state is 0.53 Å. The radius ∴ rn = = rn2
21. 8 × 10 −12 Z2 1
of Li 2+ ion (at. no. = 3) in a similar En = − erg atom–1
n2
state is [CBSE AIPMT 1995] 15 The spectrum of helium is
21. 8 × 10 −19 Z2
(a) 0.17 Å (b) 0.53 Å En = − J atom–1 expected to be similar to that of
(c) 0.265 Å (d) 1.06 Å n2 [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
13.6 Z2 −13.6
Ans. (a) En = − eV atom−1 = 2 eV atom (a) H (b) Na
n2 n (c) Li+ (d) He +
We know that rn (H-like)
(Q Z = 1 atomic number Ans. (c)
r (H- atom) × n2
= n for hydrogen atom)
Z The spectrum of an atom depends on
For ground state, n = 1 the number of electrons present in it.
13 Which of the following statements Here, helium has two electrons, so the
0.53 Å × (1)2 do not form a part of Bohr’s model
∴ rn (Li2 + ) = spectrum of Li+ (Z = 3) is similar to that of
3 of hydrogen atom? helium because both He andLi+ have
(Li,Z = 3) = 0.17 Å [CBSE AIPMT 1989] two electrons.
TOPIC 3 18 Which one is the wrong statement? According to Hund’s rule of maximum
multiplicity, An orbital can accommodate
[NEET 2017]
Wave Particle and a maximum number of 2 electrons of
(a) de-Broglie’s wavelength is given by
Quality of Matter h
exactly opposite spin. Hence, option (a)
λ= , where is correct.
mv Caution Remember, maximum number
16 A particular station of All India m = mass of the particle, of electrons in an orbital do not depend
Radio, New Delhi, broadcasts on a v = group velocity of the particle upon the quantum numbers as given in
frequency of 1,368 kHz (kilohertz). (b) The uncertainty principle is the question.
The wavelength of the ∆E × ∆t ≥ h /4π
electromagnetic radiation emitted (c) Half-filled and fully filled orbitals 20 The number of d-electrons in
by the transmitter is have greater stability due to greater Fe 2+ (Z=26) is not equal to the
exchange energy, greater symmetry number of electrons in which one
[Speed of light, c = 3.0 × 10 3 ms −1 ] and more balanced arrangement
[NEET 2021] of the following? [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
(d) The energy of2s-orbital is less than
(a) 219.3 m (b) 219.2 m the energy of2p-orbital in case of (a) s-electrons in Mg (Z = 12)
(c) 2192 m (d) 21.92 cm hydrogen like atoms (b) p-electrons in CI (Z = 17)
Ans. (a) Ans. (d) (c) d-electrons in Fe (Z = 26)
(d) p-electrons in Ne (Z = 10)
Frequency of electromagnetic radiation (a) According to de-Broglie’s equation,
ν = 1368 kHz h Ans. (b)
Wavelength (λ) =
= 1368 × 10 3 s−1 mv Electronic configuration of Fe2 + is
Speed of light, c = 3 × 10 8 ms −1 where,h = Planck’s constant. [Ar]3d 6 4s 0 .
Wavelength of electromagnetic Thus, statement (a) is correct. ∴Number of electrons = 6
radiation, λ =
c (b) According to Heisenberg uncertainty Mg – 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 (6s electrons)
ν principle, the uncertainties of It matches with the6d electrons of Fe2 +
3 × 10 8 ms−1 position (∆x) and momentum
λ= = 219.3 m Cl – 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p5 (11p electrons)
(p = m∆v) are related as
1368 × 10 3 s−1 It does not match with the6d electrons
h
∆x . ∆p ≥
4π of Fe2 + .
17 In hydrogen atom, the de-Broglie h Fe – [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 (6d electrons)
wavelength of an electron in the or, ∆x . m∆v ≥
4π It matches with the6d electrons of Fe2 + .
second Bohr orbit is h Ne – 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 (6p electrons)
∆x . m. ∆a . ∆t ≥
[Given that, Bohr radius, 4π It matches with the6d electrons of Fe2 + .
a 0 = 52.9 pm] [NEET (Odisha) 2019]  ∆v = ∆a, a = acceleration Hence, Cl has 11p electrons which does
(a) 211.6 pm (b) 211.6 π pm  ∆t  not matches in number with6d electrons
of Fe2 + .
(c) 52.9 π pm (d) 105.8 pm h
or, ∆x ⋅ F ⋅ ∆t ≥ [QF = m⋅ ∆a]
Ans. (b) 4π
h 21 The angular momentum of
According to Bohr, or, ∆E ⋅ ∆t ≥ electrons in d orbital is equal to
nh 4π
mvr = [Q∆E = F ⋅ ∆x, E = energy]
[CBSE AIPMT 2015]
2π (a) 6 h (b) 2 h (c) 2 3 h (d) 0 h
nh  h  Thus, statement (b) is correct.
2πr = = nλ …(i) Qλ = Ans. (a)
mv  mv  (c) The half and fully filled orbitals have
greater stability due to greater Angular momentum of electron in
where, r = radius, exchange energy, greater symmetry d-orbital is
λ = wavelength and more balanced arrangement. h
= l (l + 1) ;for d-orbital, l = 2
n = number of orbit Thus statement (c) is correct. 2π
a n2 (d) For a single electronic species like H,  h 
Also, r= 0 …(ii) energy depends on value of n and = 2(2 + 1 Q h = 
Z  2π 
does not depend onl. Hence energy
where,a 0 = Bohr radius = 52.9 pm of 2s-orbital. and 2p-orbital is equal in h= 6h
Z = atomic number case of hydrogen like species.
On substituting the value of ‘r ’ from Eq. Therefore, statement (d) is incorrect. 22 Calculate the energy in joule
(ii) to Eq. (i), we get corresponding to light of
2 πn2a 0 19 How many electrons can fit in the wavelength 45 nm (Planck’s
nλ =
Z orbital for which n = 3 and l = 1? constant, h = 6.63 × 10 −34 Js; speed
λ=
2 πna 0 [NEET (Phase II) 2016] of light, c = 3 × 10 8 ms −1 ).
Z (a) 2 (b) 6 [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
λ = 2 π × 2 × 52.9 [Q n = 2, Z = 1] (c) 10 (d) 14 (a) 6.67 × 1015 (b) 6 . 67 × 1011
= 211.6π pm Ans. (a) (c) 4 .42 × 10−15 (d) 4 .42 × 10− 18
 Ans. (d) 25 If uncertainty in position and 27 The value of Planck’s constant is
The wavelength of light is related to its momentum are equal, then 6.63 × 10 −34 Js. The velocity of light
hc
energy by the equation, E = . (E = hv) uncertainty in velocity is is 3 .0 × 10 8 ms −1 . Which value is
λ [CBSE AIPMT 2008] closest to the wavelength in
Given, λ = 45 nm = 45 × 10 −9 m 1
(a)
h
(b)
h nanometers of a quantum of light
[Q1 nm = 10 −9 m] 2m π 2π with frequency of 8 × 10 15 s −1 ?
6.63 × 10 −34 Js × 3 × 10 8 m s−1
Hence, E = 1 h h [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
45 × 10 −9 m (c) (d)
m π π (a) 4 × 101 (b) 3 × 107
−18
= 4.42 × 10 J Ans. (a) (c) 2 × 10−25 (d) 5 × 10−18
Hence, the energy corresponds to light
According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty
of wavelength 45 nm is 4.42 × 10 −18 J. Ans. (a)
principle
c 3 × 10 8 m s–1
h Frequency (ν) = =
23 The value of Planck’s constant is ∆x ⋅ ∆p = λ 8 × 1015 s–1
4π
6.63 × 10 −34 Js. The speed of light is =0.375 × 10 –7 m
Given, ∆x = ∆p (∆x = uncertainty in
3 × 10 17 nm s −1 . Which value is position) = 3.75 × 10 1 nm ≈ 4 × 10 1 nm
closest to the wavelength in h
(∆p)2 = (∆p = m × ∆v)
nanometer of a quantum of light 4π 28 The energy of photon is given as :
with frequency of 6 × 10 15 s −1 ? m2 ∆v2 =
h
m = mass ∆e/atom= 3.03 × 10 −19 J atom–1 ,
[NEET 2013] 4π then the wavelength (λ) of the
(a) 10 (b) 25 h 1 h photon is [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
∆v2 = 2 ⇒ ∆v =
(c) 50 (d) 75 m 4π 2m π (Given,h(Planck’s constant)
Ans. (c) (∆v = uncertainty in velocity) = 6.63 × 10 −34 Js, c (velocity of light)
Given, Planck’s constant, = 3.00 × 10 8 ms −1 )
h = 6.63 × 10 −34 Js 26 Given, the mass of electron is (a) 6.56 nm (b) 65.6 nm
Speed of light, c = 3 × 10 17 nm s−1 9.11 × 10–31 kg, Planck’s constant is (c) 656 nm (d) 0.656 nm
Frequency of quantam light 6.626 × 10–34 Js, the uncertainty Ans. (c)
ν = 6 × 10 15 s−1 involved in the measurement of hc ν = c 
According to formula, E =  
velocity within a distance of 0.1 Å is λ  λ
Wavelength, λ = ?
[CBSE AIPMT 2006]
c
We know that, ν = or λ =
c Energy E = hν
λ ν
(a) 5.79 × 106 ms–1 (b) 5.79 × 107 ms–1 hc
. × 10 – 19 =
303
3 × 10 17
(c) 5.79 × 108 ms–1 (d) 5.79 × 105 ms–1 λ
=
6 × 10 15
Ans. (a) 6.63 × 10 –34 × 3 .0 × 10 8
λ=
By Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 3 .03 × 10 –19
= 0.5 × 102 nm = 50 nm
h h
∆x × ∆px ≥ or ∆x × ∆ (mvx ) ≥ = 6 .56 × 10 –7 m
4π 4π
24 The measurement of the electron = 6.56 ×10 –7 × 10 9 nm
h
position is associated with an ∆x × ∆vx ≥ = 6.56 × 102 nm
4πm
uncertainty in momentum, which is = 656 nm
∆p = uncertainty in momentum
equal to 1 × 10 −18 g cm s −1 . The
∆x = uncertainty in position 29 The de-Broglie wavelength of a
uncertainty in electron velocity is
∆v = uncertainty in velocity
(mass of an electron is 9 × 10 −28 g) particle with mass 1 g and velocity
m= mass of particle 100 m/s is [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
Given that,
(a) 1 × 109 cm s−1 (a) 6 . 63 × 10–33 m (b) 6 . 63 × 10–34 m
∆x = 0.1 Å = 0.1 × 10 −10 m
(b) 1 × 106 cm s−1 (c) 6 . 63 × 10–35 m (d) 6 . 65 × 10–36 m
m = 9.11 × 10 −31 kg
(c) 1 × 105 cm s−1 Ans. (a)
h = Planck’s constant = 6626 . × 10 −34 Js
(d) 1 × 1011 cm s−1 π = 3 .14 p=
h
(de-Broglie equation)
Ans. (a) λ
Thus,
h
Given, ∆p = 1 × 10 −18 g cm s–1 (uncertainty 6.626 × 10 −34 λ= (Qp = mv)
∆v × 0.1 × 10 −10 = mv
in momentum) 4 × 3.14 × 9.11 × 10 −31
h = 6625
. × 10 −34
Mass = 9 × 10 −28 g 6.626 × 10 −34
∆v = . × 10 −34 kg/s
≈ 663
∆p = m∆v 4 × 3.14 × 9.11 × 10 −31 × 0.1 × 10 −10 . × 10 –34 kg m2 / s
663
1 × 10 −18 = 9 × 10 −28 × ∆v λ=
ms–1 10 –3 kg × 100 m/ s
(uncertainty in velocity) = 5.785 × 10 6 ms–1
= 663
. × 10 –33 m
∆v = 1 × 10 9 cm s−1 = 5.79 × 10 6 ms–1
30 The uncertainty in momentum of Ans. (c) increase the kinetic energy of ejected
electron.
an electron is 1 × 10– 5 kg m/s. The According to de-Broglie relation,
h h
uncertainty in its position will be λ= = 35 The electron was shown
mv p
(Given, h = 6.62 × 10–34 kg m 2 /s) where, λ = wavelength experimentally to have wave
[CBSE AIPMT 1999]
h = Planck’s constant properties by [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(a) 1.05 × 10–28 m (b) 1.05 × 10–26 m (a) de-Broglie
p = momentum
(c) 5 . 27 × 10–30 m (d) 5 . 25 × 10–28 m
Here, h = 6.625 × 10 −34 J s (b) N Bohr
Ans. (c) (c) Davisson and Germer
λ = 10 −17 m
According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty h 6.625 × 10 –34 (d) Schrodinger
&&
principle ∴ p= =
λ 10 −17 Ans. (c)
h
∆p × ∆ x ≥ = 6.625 × 10 −34 × 10 17 The wave nature of an electron is proved
4π
= 6.625 × 10 −17 kg m s–1 by Davisson and Germer experiment. In
Uncertainty in momentum this experiment the scattering pattern of
∆p = 1 × 10 −5 kg m/s 33 Uncertainty in position of an an electron is similar to that of X-rays.
6.62 × 10 –34 electron (mass of an
1 × 10 × ∆ x =
–5
(Given)
4×
22 electron is = 9.1 × 10 −28 g) moving TOPIC 4
7 with a velocity of 3 × 10 4 cm/ s Quantum Mechanical,
6.62 × 10 –34 × 7 accurate upto 0.001% will be (use
∆x = Model and Electronic
1 × 10 –5 × 4 × 22 h
in uncertainty expression where
= 5 .265 × 10 –30 m 4π Configuration
≈ 5 .27 × 10 –30 m h = 6.626 × 10 −27 erg s)
[CBSE AIPMT 1995] 36 The number of angular nodes and
31 The position of both, an electron (a) 1.93 cm (b) 3.84 cm radial nodes in 3s orbital are
and a helium atom is known within (c) 5.76 cm (d) 7.68 cm [NEET (Oct.) 2020]

1.0 mm. Further the momentum of Ans. (a) (a) 0 and 2, respectively
the electron is known within According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty (b) 1 and 0, respectively
5.0 × 10 −26 kg ms–1 . The minimum principle (c) 3 and 0, respectively
h (d) 0 and 1, respectively
uncertainty in the measurement of ∆ x × ∆v =
4π m Ans. (a)
the momentum of the helium atom
is [CBSE AIPMT 1998] Here, ∆ x = uncertainty in position For 3 s-orbital, n = 3, l = 0
(a) 50 kg ms–1 ∆v = uncertainty in velocity Number of radial nodes
(b) 80 kg ms–1 h = Planck’s constant (6.626 × 10 −27 Js) = (n − l − 1) = 3 − 0 − 1 = 2
(c) 80 × 10–26 kg ms–1 m = mass of electron (9.1 × 10 −28 kg) Number of angular nodes = l = 0.
Here, ∆v = 0.001% of 3 × 10 4 Hence, option (a) is correct.
(d) 5.0 × 10–26 kg ms–1
0.001
Ans. (d) = × 3 × 10 4 =0.3 cm / s
100 37 4d, 5p, 5f and 6p-orbitals are
By Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle h
h ∴ ∆x = arranged in the order of decreasing
∆ x × ∆p ≥ 4πm ∆v
4π energy. The correct option is
6.626 × 10 −27 [NEET (National) 2019]
when the position of electron and helium = = 1.93 cm
atom is same and momentum of 4 × 3.14 × 9.1 × 10 −28 × 0.3 (a) 6 p > 5 f > 5 p > 4 d
electron is known within a range, (b) 5 p > 5 f > 4 d > 5 p
therefore the momentum of helium 34 In the photoelectron emission, the (c) 5 f > 6 p > 4 d > 5 p
atom is also equal to the momentum of energy of the emitted electron is (d) 5 f > 6 p > 5 p > 4 d
electron, i.e. [CBSE AIPMT 1994] Ans. (d)
5 × 10 −26 kg m s–1 (a) greater than the incident photon
The order of energy of orbitals can be
(b) same as that of the incident photon calculated from (n + l ) rule. The lower the
32 The momentum of a particle having (c) smaller than the incident photon value of (n + l ) for an orbital, lower is its
a de-Broglie wavelength of 10 −17 m (d) proportional to the intensity of energy. If two orbitals have same (n + l )
is [CBSE AIPMT 1996] incident photon value, the orbital with lower value of n
(Given, h = 6.625 × 10 −34 m) Ans. (c) has the lower energy.
(a) 3.3125 × 10−7 kg m s–1 In the photoelectric effect, the energy of (i) 6p = 6 + 1 = 7 (ii) 5f = 5 + 3 = 8
(b) 26.5 × 10−7 kg m s–1 the emitted electron is smaller than that (iii) 4d = 4 + 2 = 6 (iv) 5p = 5 + 1 = 6
(c) 6.625 × 10–17 kg m s–1 of the incident photon because some ∴ The order of decreasing energy will be
(d) 13.25 × 10−17 kg m s−1 energy of photon is used to eject the 5f > 6p > 5p > 4d.
electron and remaining energy is used to
38 Orbital having 3 angular nodes and 41 Which is the correct order of 45 If n = 6, the correct sequence for
3 total nodes is [NEET (Odisha) 2019] increasing energy of the listed filling of electrons will be
(a) 5 p (b) 3 d orbitals in the atom of titanium? [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
(c) 4 f (d) 6 d [CBSE AIPMT 2015] (a) ns → (n − 1) d → (n − 2) f → np
Ans. (c) (a) 3s 4s 3p 3d (b) 4s 3s 3p 3d (b) ns → (n − 2) f → np → (n − 1) d
Angular node (l ) = 3 (c) 3s 3p 3d 4s (d) 3s 3p 4s 3d
(c) ns → np → (n − 1) d → (n − 2) f
Total node = radial node + angular node Ans. (c) (d) ns → (n − 2) f → (n − 1) d → np
3 = (n − l − 1) + l According to Aufbau rule Ans. (d)
3s < 3p < 3d < 4s
3 = n− 1 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p for n = 6
⇒ n=4 42 What is the maximum numbers of
∴Orbital having 3 angular nodes and 3 electrons that can be associated 46 Which of the following is not
total nodes is = nl = 4f [Ql = 3 for f- with the following set of quantum permissible arrangement of
orbital]
numbers? electrons in an atom?
[CBSE AIPMT 2009]
n = 3, l = 1 and m = − 1
39 Which one is a wrong statement? (a) n = 4,l = 0, m = 0, s = −1/2
[NEET 2013]
[NEET 2018]
(a) 10 (b) 6 (b) n = 5,l = 3, m = 0, s = + 1/2
(a) The electronic configuration of (c) n = 3,l = 2, m = − 3, s = −1/2
N-atom is (c) 4 (d) 2
Ans. (d) (d) n = 3,l = 2, m = −2, s = −1/2
2p1x 2p1y 2p1z Ans. (c)
1s2 2s2 The orbital of the electron having n = 3,
l = 1 and m = − 1 is 3pz (as nl m ) and an If n = 3,
orbital can have a maximum number of l = 0 to (3 − 1) = 0, 1, 2
(b) An orbital is designated by three
two electrons with opposite spins.
quantum numbers while an electron m = − l to + l = − 2, − 1, 0, + 1, + 2
in an atom is designated by four ∴ 3pz orbital contains only two electrons 1
or only 2 electrons are associated with s =±
quantum numbers 2
(c) Total orbital angular momentum of n = 3 , l = 1, m = − 1.
Therefore, option (c) is not a permissible
electron in ‘s’ orbital is equal to zero set of quantum numbers.
(d) The value of m for d 2 is zero
43 Maximum number of electrons in a
z subshell with l = 3 and n = 4 is
Ans. (a) 47 Maximum number of electrons in a
[CBSE AIPMT 2012]
According to Hund’s rule “the pairing of (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 10 (d) 12 subshell of an atom is determined
electrons in the orbitals of a particular by the following [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
subshell does not takes place until all the Ans. (a)
(a) 4 l + 2 (b) 2 l + 1
orbitals of a subshell are singly occupied. n represents the main energy level and
Moreover, the singly orbitals must have l represents the subshell. (c) 4 l − 2 (d) 2 n2
the electrons with parallel spin. i.e. If n = 4 and l = 3, the subshell is 4f. Ans. (a)
1s2 2s2 2p 1x 2p1y 2p1z In f-subshell, there are 7 orbitals and Total number of subshells = (2l + 1)
each orbital can accommodate a ∴ Maximum number of electrons in the
maximum number of two electrons, so subshell
or maximum number of electrons in
1s2 2s2 2p 1x 2p1y 2p1z = 2 (2l + 1) = 4l + 2
4f subshell = 7 × 2 = 14 .

44 The correct set of four quantum 48 Consider the following sets of

∴ Option (a) is the incorrect option. numbers for the valence electron quantum numbers.
of rubidium atom (at. no. = 37) is n l m s
40 Two electrons occupying the same [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
(i) 3 0 0 +1 / 2
orbital are distinguished by (a) 5, 1, 1, +
1
(b) 6, 0, 0, +
1
[NEET (Phase I) 2016] 2 2 (ii) 2 2 1 +1 / 2
(a) Magnetic quantum number 1 1 −1 / 2
(c) 5, 0, 0, + (d) 5, 1, 0, + (iii) 4 3 –2
(b) Azimuthal quantum number 2 2
(iv) 1 0 –1 −1 / 2
(c) Spin quantum number Ans. (c)
(d) Principal quantum number (v) 3 2 3 +1 / 2
37 Rb = 36[Kr] 5 s 1
Ans. (c) Its valence electron is 5 s 1. Which of the following sets of
Two electrons occupying the same n= 5
quantum number is not possible?
orbital has equal spin but the directions l =0 (For s-orbital) [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
of their spin are opposite. Hence, spin m = 0 (As m = − l to + l)
quantum number, s, (represented +1 /2 (a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
1
and − 1 /2) distinguishes them. s =+ (c) (ii), (iv) and (v) (d) (i) and (iii)
2
 Ans. (d) 52 The electronic configuration of Ans. (b)
The value of l varies from 0 to (n − 1) and gadolinium (at. no. = 64) is For n = 3,l = 2 the subshell is 3d (n + l = 5)
the value of m varies from − l to + l [CBSE AIPMT 1997] n = 4, l = 2 the subshell is 4d (n + l = 6)
through zero. (a) [Xe] 4f 8 , 5 d 9 , 6 s 2 n = 4, l = 1 the subshell is 4p (n + l = 5)
1 (b) [Xe] 4 f 7 , 5 d 1, 6 s 2
The value of ‘ s ’ ± which signifies the n = 5, l = 0, the subshell is 5s (n + l = 5)
2 (c) [Xe] 4 f 6 , 5 d2 , 6 s 2
According to (n + l ) rule greater the (n + l )
spin of electron. The correct sets of (d) [Xe] 4 f 3, 5 d 5 , 6 s 2
quantum number are following value, greater the energy that is 6.
n l m s
Ans. (b)
(ii) 2 1 1 −
1 Gd 64 = 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p6 , 3s 2 3p6 3d 10, 56 Electronic configuration of calcium
2 4s 2 4p6 4d 10 4f 7, 5s 2 5p6 5d 1, 6s 2 atom can be written as
1 = [Xe] 4f 7 , 5d 1, 6s 2 [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
(iv) 1 0 0 −
2 (a) [Ne] 4p2
1 53 The orbitals are called degenerate (b) [Ar] 4s 2
(v) 3 2 2 +
2 when [CBSE AIPMT 1996] (c) [Ne] 4s 2
(a) they have the same wave functions (d) [Kr] 4p2
(b) they have the same wave functions
49 The orientation of an atomic orbital Ans. (b)
but different energies
is governed by [CBSE AIPMT 2006] (c) they have different wave functions To write the electronic configuration of
(a) azimuthal quantum number but same energy an atom, it is better if we remember the
(b) spin quantum number atomic number of noble gases and the
(d) they have the same energy
orbitals follow the noble gas. The atomic
(c) magnetic quantum number Ans. (d) number of Ca is 20 and its nearest noble
(d) principal quantum number gas is argon (Ar = 18).
The orbitals having the same energy
Ans. (c) energy but different in orientation, are Hence, the electronic configuration of
The orientation of an atomic orbital is called degenerate orbitals. e.g.3d-orbital, Ca = [Ar] 4s 2 .
governed by magnetic quantum number. l = 2, m = −2, –1, 0, +1, +2, i.e. there are five
different orientations represented byd xy , 57 The electronic configuration of
d yz ,d zx ,d 2 2 and d 2 .
50 The following quantum numbers x −y z Cu (at.no. = 29) is [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
are possible for how many orbital(s) (a) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3 s 2 3p 6 , 4 s 2 , 3d 9
54 If an electron has spin quantum
n = 3, l = 2 and m = + 2? 1 (b) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3 s 2 3p 6 3d 10, 4 s 1
[CBSE AIPMT 2001]
number + and magnetic quantum (c) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3 s 2 3p 6 , 4 s 2 4 p 6 ,
2
(a) 1 (b) 2 5 s2 5 p 1
number –1, it cannot be present in
(c) 3 (d) 4 [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(d) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3 s 2 3p 6 , 4 s 2 4 p 6 , 3d 3
Ans. (a) (a) d-orbital (b) f-orbital Ans. (b)
n = 3,l = 2, m = + 2, s = ± 1 /2 (c) p-orbital (d) s-orbital The electronic configuration of Cu (29) is
These values of quantum numbers are Ans. (d) an exceptional case due to exchange of
possible for only one of the five energy and symmetrical distribution of
Spatial orientation of the orbital with electrons in orbital to acquire more
3d-orbitals as +2 value of m is possible
respect to standard set of cordinate stability.
only for one orbital.
axis. Magnetic quantum number –1 is
m = +2 +1 0 –1 –2 possible only when the azimuthal
quantum number have valuel = 1, which
Cu(29)= ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾
1s 2s 2p 3s
is possible for p, d and f-subshells but
not for s-subshell because the value of l ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½¾ ½
51 Which of the following for s-subshell is zero. 3p 3d 4s
configuration is correct for iron? = 1s , 2 s 2p , 3 s 3p 3d , 4s
2 2 6 2 6 10 1
[CBSE AIPMT 1999] 55 For which one of the following sets
(a) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 of four quantum numbers, an
electron will have the highest
58 The order of filling of electrons in
(b) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 , 4 s 2 , 3d 5 energy? [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
the orbitals of an atom will be
[CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(c) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 , 4 s 2 , 3d 7 n l m s
1 (a) 3d, 4 s , 4 p, 4 d, 5 s
(d) 1s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6 , 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 , 4 s 2 (a) 3 2 1 (b) 4 s , 3d, 4 p, 5 s , 4 d
Ans. (d) 2
1 (c) 5 s , 4 p, 3d, 4 d, 5 s
Firstly the electrons are filled in (b) 4 2 –1 (d) 3d, 4 p, 4 s , 4 d, 5 s
increasing order of energy and then 2
1 Ans. (b)
rearrange the subshells in increasing (c) 4 1 0 −
order as 2 The sequence of energy level can be
1 remembered by the systematic diagram
26 Fe = 1s , 2s 2p , 3s 3p 3d , 4s
2 2 6 2 6 6 2
(d) 5 0 0 − as shown below
2
 (a) Hund’s rule (a) 4l − 2 (b) 4l + 2
1s (b) Aufbau principle (c) 2 l + 2 (d) 2 n2
2s 2p
(c) Uncertainty principle Ans. (b)
(d) Pauli’s exclusion principle The number of orbitals in a subshell
3s 3p 3d Ans. (d) = (2l + 1)
4s 4p 4d According, to Pauli’s exclusion principle where,l = azimuthal quantum number
4f
“no two electrons in an atom can have Since, each orbital contains maximum
5s 5p 5d 5f the same values of all the four quantum two electrons, the number of electrons
numbers.” in any subshell
6s 6p 6d In 1s 2 = 2 × number of orbitals
1 = 2 (2l + 1)
7s 7p for I electron n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = +
2 = 4l + 2
for II electron n = 1,
1 63 Number of unpaired electrons in
l = 0, m = 0, s = −
Hence, the correct order is 2 N 2+ is/are [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
1s , 2 s , 2p, 3s , 3p, 4s , 3d, 4p, 5s , 4d, 5p, 4f, It means if the values of n, l, and m are (a) 2 (b) 0
5d, 6p, 7s…… same, then the value of spin quantum (c) 1 (d) 3
number must be different, i.e. +1/2 and
Ans. (c)
−1/2.
59 For azimuthal quantum number The electronic configuration of
l = 3,the maximum number of
61 The total number of electrons that
electrons will be [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
can be accommodated in all the
7N = ½¾ ½¾ ½½ ½
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 14 1s 2s 2p
orbitals having principal quantum
Ans. (d) ∴ 7N
2+

When azimuthal quantum number is 3

number 2 and azimuthal quantum = ½¾ ½¾ ½
number 1 are [CBSE AIPMT 1990] Hence, the number of unpaired
m = (2l + 1) (a) 2 (b) 4 electron in N2+ is 1.
l =3 (c) 6 (d) 8
m = (2 × 3 + 1) Ans. (c) 64 The number of spherical nodes in
= 7 orbitals 3p-orbital is/are [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
When n = 2 and l = 1, then subshell is 2p.
then total values of m = (2 × 3 + 1) = 7 The number of orbitals in p-subshell (a) one
orbitals. We know that, one orbital
= (2l + 1) = (2 × 1 + 1) (b) three
contains two electrons. Hence, total
number of electrons = 7 × 2 = 14. =3 (c) two
Total (maximum) number of electrons (d) None of the above
Alternative
Total number of electrons = 4l + 2 = 2 × number of orbitals Ans. (a)
= 4 × 3 + 2 = 12 + 2 = 14electrons =2×3=6 The number of spherical nodes in any
(as each orbital contains 2 electrons) orbital ( = n − l − 1)
60 In a given atom no two electrons For 3p-orbital, n = 3 and l = 1
can have the same values of all the 62 The maximum number of electrons ∴ Number of spherical nodes = n − l − 1
four quantum numbers. This is in a subshell is given by the =3− 1− 1
called [CBSE AIPMT 1991] expression [CBSE AIPMT 1989] = 3 − 2 = 1 node