Mechatronics
Design
By
A.Lalithkumar(71772115127)
Production Engineering
Mechatronic System Design (MSD)
Design is an engineering philosophy that can vary
between different schools of thought.
MSD should follow a well-defined iterative design
steps that incorporate synergetic design. It should
include the following operations:
1. User and system requirements analysis
2. Conceptual Design
3. Mechanical, software, electronics, and interface design
4. System modeling and simulation
5. Prototyping and testing
Mechatronic System Block Diagram
Design Stages
• Stage 1: Define the Objective and Specifications
• Stage 2: Analyze and Design
• Stage 3: Build and Test
Stage 1: Define the Objectives & Specifications
1. Identify the problem.
2. Research and literature review
3. Set the initial system specifications.
Design Stage 2: Analyze and Design
4. Establish a general block diagram and a flow chart
Specify system I/O
Specify control algorithm to use
5. Choose appropriate components
Sensors and actuators; Controller
Drive and signal conditioning circuits
6. Concurrent/Synergistic Design
Mechanical structure; Electronic system;
Software/controller; Interface
7. Model and simulate the system
Stage 3: Build and Test
8. Emulate the controller hardware
9. Build prototype, test, and evaluate (modify if
needed)
Synergistic Design
Mechatronic Design Process
Computer-Aided Systems: Important Features
Modeling:
Block diagrams for working with understandable multi-disciplinary
models that represent a physical phenomenon.
Simulation:
Numerical methods for solving models containing differential, discrete,
linear, and nonlinear equations.
Project Management:
Database for maintaining project information and subsystem models
for eventual reuse.
Design:
Numerical methods for constrained optimization of performance
functions based on model parameters and signals.
Computer-Aided Systems: Important Features
Analysis:
Frequency-domain and time-domain tools
Real-Time Interface:
A plug-in card is used to replace part of the model with actual hardware
by interfacing to it with actuators and sensors.
Code Generator:
Produces efficient high-level source code (such as C/C++) from the block
diagram. The control code will be compiled and used on the embedded
processor.
Embedded Processor Interface:
Communication between the process and the computer-aided
prototyping environment.
Mechatronic Key Elements
Information Systems
Modeling and Simulation
Optimization
Mechanical Systems
Electrical Systems
DC and AC Analysis
Power
Sensors and actuators
Real-Time Interfacing
Information Systems
Information systems include all aspects for
information exchange
Signal processing, control systems, and analysis techniques
The following are essential for mechatronics
applications
Modeling and Simulation
Automatic control
Numerical methods for optimization.
Information Systems: Modeling
Modeling is the process of representing the behavior of a real
system by a collection of mathematical equations and logic.
Models can be static or dynamic
Static models produce no motion, heat transfer, fluid flow, traveling
waves, or any other changes.
Dynamic models have energy transfer which results in power flow. This
causes motion, heat transfer, and other phenomena that change in time.
Models are cause-and-effect structures—they accept external
information and process it with their logic and equations to
produce one or more outputs.
Parameter is a fixed-value unit of information
Signal is a changing-unit of information
Models can be text-based programming or block diagrams
Information Systems: Simulation
Simulation is the process of solving the model and is
performed on a computer.
Simulation process can be divided into three
sections:
Initialization
Iteration,
Termination.
Mechanical Systems
Mechanical systems are concerned with the behavior of
matter under the action of forces.
Such systems are categorized as rigid, deformable, or
fluid in nature.
Rigid-bodies assume all bodies and connections in the system to be
perfectly rigid. (i.e. do not deform)
Fluid mechanics consists of compressible and incompressible fluids.
Newtonian mechanics provides the basis for most
mechanical systems and consists of three independent
and absolute concepts:
Space, Time, and Mass.
Force, is also present but is not independent of the other three
Electrical Systems
Electrical systems are concerned with the behavior of three
fundamental quantities:
Charge, current, and voltage
Electrical systems consist of two categories:
Power systems and Communication systems
An electric circuit is a closed network of paths through which
current flows.
Circuit analysis is the process of calculating all voltages and
currents in a circuit given as is based on two fundamental laws :
Kirchhoff ’s current law: The sum of all currents entering a node is zero.
Kirchhoff ’s voltage law: The sum of all voltage drops around a closed loop is
zero.
Electrical Systems: Power
Energy is the capacity to do work various
Potential, kinetic, electrical, heat, chemical, nuclear, and
radiant.
Power is the rate of energy transfer, and in the SI
unit system, the unit of energy is the joule and the
unit of power is the watt (1 watt 1 joule per second).
Sensors
Sensors are required to monitor the performance of machines and
processes
Common variables in mechatronic systems are temperature, speed,
position, force, torque, and acceleration.
Important characteristics: the dynamics of the sensor, stability, resolution,
precision, robustness, size, and signal processing.
Intelligent sensors are available that not only sense information but
process it well
Progress in semiconductor manufacturing technology has made it possible to
integrate sensor and the signal processing on one chip
Sensors are able to ascertain conditions instantaneously and accurately
These sensors facilitate operations normally performed by the control algorithm,
which include automatic noise filtering, linearization sensitivity, and self-
calibration.
Actuators
Actuation involves a physical action on a machine or
process. They can transform electrical inputs into
mechanical outputs such as force, angle, and
position.
Actuators can be classified into three general groups.
1. Electromagnetic actuators, (e.g., AC and DC electrical
motors, stepper motors, electromagnets)
2. Fluid power actuators, (e.g., hydraulics, pneumatics)
3. Unconventional actuators (e.g., piezoelectric,
magnetostrictive, memory metal)
