IO Modules
Ho Chi Minh City
University of Technology 1 1
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IO Modules
• Digital Input
• Digital Output
• Analog Input
• Analog Output
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Types of PLC Input
Digital Input (DI) – Digitals inputs are Logic High & Logic Low
signals (Two States either ON or OFF) from the Digital Input
devices.
Input devices are ON/OFF switch, Push Button, Level
switch, Limit switch, Pressure switch, Temperature
switch, etc.,
Analog Input (AI) – Analog Inputs are ranges of electrical
signals (Not just two states but signals between Minimum
and Maximum range) from the Analog Input devices
Pressure Transmitter, Level Transmitter, Analyzer
Transmitter, Temperature transmitter, etc.
The range electrical signals of an AI from the Transmitters
are depended on its working principle, check the following
Analog input types.
• Current inputs ( 4-20 mA or 0-20mA)
• Voltage inputs ( 0-10 V or 0-5 V)
• RTD inputs ( Resistance)
• Thermocouple (Resistance) 3
Types of PLC Output
Digital Outputs (DO) – Digital outputs are commands to
Output devices to operate it in two positions (two states) ON
or OFF.
Digital output devices or actuators such as Lamp,
Solenoid Valve (ON/OFF valve), Single speed motor
(motor without VFD), Sounder (Buzzer or Hooter for
audible alarms), etc.,
Analog Output (AO) – Analog outputs are command to the
output devices to operate it between the ranges of positions
(multiple states).
Analog output devices such as Control valves, Variable
speed motor (motor with VFD), etc.,
Types of Analog output to output devices are,
• Current output ( 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA)
• Voltage output (0-10 V)
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Discrete Input Devices
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Typical AC/DC Input Circuit
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DC Inputs – Source/Sink
A DC input module can interface with field devices in both sinking and sourcing operations.
Sinking and sourcing operations refer to the electrical configuration of the circuits in the
module and field input devices.
• A device provides current when it is ON, it is said to be sourcing current.
• A device receives current when it is ON, it is said to be sinking current.
Source Sink
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DC Inputs – Source/Sink
Sinking sensors allow current to flow into the sensor to the
voltage common, while sourcing sensors allow current to
flow out of the sensor from a positive source.
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Isolated AC/DC Inputs
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Wiring the S7-1200 – Input Wiring Type
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Register/BCD Inputs
Multibit register/BCD input modules enhance input interfacing methods with the
programmable controller through the use of standard thumbwheel switches.
Thumbwheel switch (TWS)
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Register/BCD Inputs
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Register/BCD Inputs
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Determine the values of the
registers (in BCD) after an
input transfer is made (in this
case via a block transfer input
of data).
The input has a starting
destination register of 4000
and a length of 4 registers
(i.e., from registers 4000 to
4003).
Assume that TWS set 1 is
read first, TWS set 2 is read
second, etc.
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Digital Outputs
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Typical AC/DC Output Circuit
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AC Outputs
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DC Outputs – Sink/Source
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Register/BCD Outputs
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Register/BCD Outputs
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Analog Inputs
Analog input modules digitize analog input signals, thereby bringing analog
information into the PLC
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Analog Inputs
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Analog Inputs
1. The transducer detects the process signal (e.g., temperature).
2. The transducer transforms the process signal into an electrical signal that the
analog input can recognize.
3. The analog input transforms the signal into a 12-bit value proportional to the
electrical input to the module.
4. A block transfer in instruction, or another analog input instruction, transfers the
12-bit value to the PLC.
5. The PLC stores the 12-bit digital value in a memory location for future use
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Analog Inputs
What will the contents of register
1000 be after the multibit
instruction the is executed?
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Analog Inputs
Conversion of an analog signal by a transmitter and transducer
Standard current and voltage
ratings for analog interfaces
Analog interfaces can be either
unipolar (positive voltage only—i.e.,
0 to +5 VDC) or bipolar (negative
and positive voltages—i.e., –5 to +5
VDC)
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Analog Inputs
The resolution of the module indicates how many parts the module’s A/D will
divide the input signal into; it is given as a function of how many bits the A/D uses
during conversion.
An input module, which is
connected to a temperature
transducer, has an A/D with
a 12-bit resolution
Find the same values for a module with a 10-bit resolution!
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Analog Inputs
Temperature transducer/transmitter connected to an input module.
Relationship between counts and input signal
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Analog Inputs
Single-ended modules offer more points per module than their differential
counterparts. Depending on the manufacturer, a module may be set to either single-
ended or differential mode during software setup using rocker switches.
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Quiz
Define transfer equation for the following hardware
• Humidity sensor: 0-100%, 0-10VDC; Analog input: 12bit ADC
• Pressure sensor: 0-150 kPa, 4-20 mA; Analog input: 14bit ADC
• Temperature sensor: 0-500 0 C, -10-10 VDC; Analog input: 16bit ADC
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Analog Outputs
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Analog Outputs
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Analog Outputs
3333
Analog Outputs
Decimal = ?%
Valve open = 30%
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Analog Outputs
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Analog Outputs
Analog output connections
Analog output bypass/control station
Bypass/control stations, which are
placed between the PLC’s analog
interface and the controlled
element, ensure continued
production or control in a variety
of abnormal process situations.
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