Exercise: VANET Communication and Routing Simulation
Objective:
Understand the principles of VANETs, including communication, routing protocols, and the
impact of mobility on network performance.
Instructions:
1. Introduction (15 minutes):
o Introduce the concept of VANETs: a network of vehicles and roadside
infrastructure that enables communication between vehicles (V2V) and
between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).
o Discuss the common routing protocols used in VANETs, such as Geographic
Routing (GRE), AODV, DSR, and VANET-specific protocols like GPSR
(Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing).
o Explain the challenges of VANETs, including high mobility, dynamic
topology, and short communication range.
2. Task: Students will compare different routing protocols in a VANET context using
simulations. They will simulate vehicles moving on a road network and evaluate the
performance of various protocols under different scenarios.
Scenario 1:
o Simulation Setup: Simulate a highway scenario with 20 vehicles moving at
different speeds (30-120 km/h) in a 1000m x 1000m area.
o Routing Protocol: Implement the AODV protocol and evaluate the
performance for V2V communication between two vehicles.
o Task: Measure and record the following:
Packet delivery ratio
End-to-end delay
Route discovery time
Network throughput
Scenario 2:
o Simulation Setup: Increase the number of vehicles to 50, and simulate a city
environment with intersections and traffic lights. Set the vehicles to move at
lower speeds (10-50 km/h).
o Routing Protocol: Implement GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing).
o Task: Measure and record the following:
Packet delivery ratio
Delay
Routing overhead
Scalability in dense environments
Scenario 3:
o Simulation Setup: Simulate a mixed environment with both V2V and V2I
communication, where vehicles communicate with roadside infrastructure like
traffic signals.
o Routing Protocol: Implement DSR (Dynamic Source Routing).
o Task: Measure and record:
Packet delivery ratio
End-to-end delay
Communication range
Effect of infrastructure communication
3. Questions for Students:
o Which routing protocol performed best in terms of packet delivery ratio and
why?
o How does the mobility of vehicles affect the performance of routing
protocols?
o What are the advantages and disadvantages of using AODV vs. GPSR in
urban and highway scenarios?
o In the context of V2I communication, how did the infrastructure (e.g., traffic
lights, sensors) contribute to network performance?
o How do vehicle density and mobility impact the scalability and efficiency of
VANET protocols?
4. Discussion (15 minutes):
o Have students compare the results of different scenarios and discuss their
findings.
o Encourage students to think about how VANETs can be applied in real-world
systems, such as smart cities, autonomous driving, or emergency vehicle
communication.
o Discuss potential improvements in VANET protocols and their future
evolution with the advent of 5G and beyond.
