A

PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using Arduino”

OF
B.E.(Computer Engineering) (Academic Year: 2022-2023)

SUBMITTED BY

Srujan Garde (B211037)

Kishori Patil (B213059)
Janhavi Asware (B213003)
Kapaleshwar Patil (B213058)

GUIDED BY
Prof. Afsha Akkalkot

Department of Computer Engineering

 A PROJECT REPORT

ON

” Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using Arduino”

Submitted By

Srujan Garde (B211037)

Kishori Patil (B213059)
Janhavi Asware (B213003)
Kapaleshwar Patil(B213058)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

Bachelor of Engineering

Of

Savitribai Phule Pune University

IN

Computer Engineering

Zeal College Of Engineering and Research Narhe, Pune

2022 - 2023
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project entitled

“Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using Arduino”

have successfully completed by

OF
B.E.(Computer Engineering) (Academic Year: 2022-2023)

SUBMITTED BY

Srujan Garde (B211037)

Kishori Patil (B213059)
Janhavi Asware (B213003)
Kapaleshwar Patil(B213058)

In the academic year 2022-2023 in partial fulfillment of the fourth Year of Bachelor degree in
“Computer Engineering” as prescribed by the Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Prof. Afsha Akkalkot Prof. A. V. Mote

Project Guide HOD of Department

Prof. Dr. Ajit Kate

External Examiner (SPPU) Principal

Place: ZCOER, Pune

Date: / / 2023
 Acknowledgement
We would like to give our sincere acknowledgement to everybody responsible for the successful
completion of our project titled “Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using Arduino”
It gives us great pleasure to acknowledgement with thanks the assistance and contribution of many individual
who have been actively involved at various stages of this project to make it a success. Firstly we are very
grateful to this esteemed institute “ZEAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RE- SEARCH NARHE
PUNE “ for providing us an opportunity to our degree course. We wish to express our whole hearted thanks
to our principal Dr. AJIT M. KATE for providing the modernized lab facilities in our institute. Perfection is
impossible to achieve, but hard work and dedication can achieve any goal. We have tried our level best to
fulfill the requirements of the project, but we could not have achieved our goal without the able guidance of
Prof. A. V. MOTE H.O.D of Computer Science Department. We indebted to Prof. AFSHA AKKALKOT for
providing us an opportunity to work under the guidance and for them constant support and encouragement.
Our gratitude towards our guide Prof. AFSHA AKKALKOT for their keen interest and boldness
encouragement, which is received during the entire period of our project. We would also like to thank all our
lecturers. We thank one and all we would like to give our sincere acknowledgement to everybody responsible
for the successful completion of our project titled “Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using
Arduino”

Srujan Garde (B211037)

Kishori Patil (B213059)
Janhavi Asware (B213003)
Kapaleshwar Patil(B213058)
 Abstract
In day to day life a large number of peoples die from traffic accidents. In India a total of 1,51,113
were killed in 4,80,652 road accidents during the year 2019. Presently India is in the top-ranked in death due
to road accidents. Over speeding was the leading cause for deaths in road accidents.
This is a serious matter, which needs to be solved to save the life of many injured people due to accidents. To
solve this problem many automobile companies have done different systems such as safety airbags, seat belts,
camera sensors, etc. but still the cause and the effect of the accident cannot be reduced.
To solve this problem there is an urgent requirement of a system that automatically detects the accident and
based on that information it communicates about the accident and its location to the hospital and relative
without any delay.
At the point when a vehicle meets with a mishap, promptly the accelerometer sends varieties to the Arduino
and subsequently the Arduino sends the alarm message through the GSM MODULE, including the area which
is distinguished by GPS MODULE to recently spared crisis contacts
Contents
Chapter 1................................................................................................................................................ 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Motivation ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Problem Definition .................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 Literature Survey .................................................................................................................. 4
Requirements Specification ................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Software Requirements.............................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Hardware Requirements .......................................................................................................... 12
Analysis Model .............................................................................................................................. 22
Chapter 4.............................................................................................................................................. 35
Chapter 5.............................................................................................................................................. 41
System Design ..................................................................................................................................... 41
5.1 System Architecture ................................................................................................................ 41
5.3 Data Flow ................................................................................................................................ 45
5.4 Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 6.............................................................................................................................................. 47
Future Work ......................................................................................................................................... 47
Chapter 7.............................................................................................................................................. 48
Applications ......................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 8.............................................................................................................................................. 50
Results ................................................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 9.............................................................................................................................................. 53
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 53
References ........................................................................................................................................... 54
List of Figures

3.1 Software Requirements

• Arduino IDE

• Messaging application

• Google maps

3.2 Hardware Requirements

• Eye Blink Sensor

• Alcohol/ Gas Sensor

• DC Motor

• Buzzer And LEDs

• Arduino

• GPS Module

• GSM Module

• Accelerometer

4 Implementation Diagram

5.1 Architecture Diagram

5.2 Flow Chart

5.3 Block Diagram

8 Result
 1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview
Approximately 1214 road accidents occuring every day. Major road accidents in India are caused due
to the over speeding and violation of traffic rules. The road accident rates are increasing day by day due to
large numbers of vehicle running on the road. In all these Vehicles, the speed control need to be implemented.
Here is the new idea of ours to install an automated speed control system in the vehicles to control the speed
mainly in the restricted areas like school, college zones etc.
If accident occurs, the accelerometer detects it and location of accident is obtained using GPS, and
finally sends the information to the ambulance service and police by the help of GSM module. The message
obtained in mobile phone consists of the location of the accidental place in the form of google map link which
will help to the emergency units like ambulance service and police station to reach the casualty in time and
rescue the lives.

1.2 Motivation
▪ Besides, the data stored by sensors can be used to investigate the accident in future.
▪ The system is monitored by a government, hence a number of criminal activities can be tracked and
monitored.
▪ Stop or lock the vehicle remotely in case of a pursuit or theft.

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1.3 Problem Definition

▪ To develop a smart accident prevention, detection and reporting using Arduino. Sensors like alcohol/gas
sensor and eye-blinking sensor are used as majority of accidents are a case of drink and drive and driver
falling asleep.
▪ Post this, in case of accident detection, automatic reporting is done to emergency contacts. The operations are
controlled by Arduino UNO R3

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1.4 Objectives

▪ Stolen vehicle recovery without extra cost.

▪ Providing faster emergency services.
▪ Vehicle security and smooth fleet management.
▪ Reduced number of road accidents.

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Chapter 2

Literature Survey
Type Author Type Source Findings

Base Aswin , Sujitha , “Accident IRJET Generation of

Archunan, Sandhya Prevention and alerts and
Devi R Alert System alarms using
using Arduino”- Buzzers and
2021 LEDs in case of
accidents
Research Arduino “Arduino-Home” Arduino.cc Use of Arduino
Uno R3 and
circuit design

Research Souvik Roy, “An Arduino Based IEEE Xplore Implementation

Akanksha Kumari, Automatic of Vehicle
Pulakesh Roy, Accident Detection Tracking using
Rajib Banerjee and Location GSM/GPS/GPR
Communication S
System”-2020 automatic alerts

Research Prabha Kant “Vehicle Theft IEEE Xplore Automatic

Dwivedi, Pragya Detection And vehicle theft
Jaiswal, Shobha Remote Engine detection and
Nishad ,Priya Locking engine locking
Singh, Sristi Singh, System”- 2020 using
Archana Accelerometer

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Research Varsha Goud “IoT Based IEEE Xplore The use of alcohol
Intelligent System sensor and eye
For Vehicle blinking sensor
Accident
Prevention And
Detection At Real
Time”-2019
Research Rajvardhan Rishi, “Automatic IEEE Xplore Implementation of
Sofiya Yede, Messaging System GSM module for
Keshav Kunal, for Vehicle messaging and
Nutan Bansode Tracking and accelerometer for
Accident speed control
Detection”-2020
Review B. Lakshmipraba, “IoT in Connected IJEAT Use of IoT in
V.G. Shivakumar Cars: Challenges vehicles and their
and Chances”-2019 use cases in various
scenarios and
challenges
Research J. Anand, A. “Research Study IRJETS Implementation
Manoj Kumar, K. On Advanced and working
Naresh, Driver- Assistance principle of
G. Janakiraman Systems (ADAS)”- ADAS system
2021
Research Nemese “Cloud IEEE Xplore Connect an Arduino
Kalubi, Sayeed Computing: to a cloud to share
Sajal Arduino Cloud IoT and monitor data
Integration with
REST API”-2022

Considering our base paper, we have implemented a better system for the prevention and reporting of
road accidents to make a smooth fleet management considering the safety standards. The system is divided
into 2 phases, pre-accident and post-accident. The system will help to prevent the accidents by performing
initial checks and in case of mishap; immediate reporting is done to prevent life loss.
Besides our developed system will also help to monitor and detect vehicle related crimes such as vehicle theft,
over-speeding, contraband trafficking, etc. The premium vehicles such as Mercedes-Benz and Audi have

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implemented similar safety systems, but they come with a high expense. Considering this, we have developed
a system that is cheap, easy to install and compatible with most of the vehicles and effective as well.

1. Accident Prevention and Alert System using Arduino”-2021 - Implementation Diagram

If any accidents happens the vibration sensor in the vehicle gets energized and send alert message to the
respective persons through mobile app. The main objective of this project is to prevent the accident which
happens due to alcoholism of driver, sudden asleep and due to the over heating of engine. Certainly, if the
accident happens due to other cases, the used electronic devices will be able to provide the spontaneous
message and exact location to police and ambulance in order to recover victims. In this system at first, we
worked on the prevention of vehicle accident and even after
all the preventive measures applied if the accident occurs the system detects it. After
the detection of vehicle accident, the system automatically reports to the ambulance
service and police station without any time loss so that the casualty might not loss
his/her life due to late in rescue.

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2. IoT Based Intelligent System For Vehicle Accident Prevention And Detection At Real Time”-2019 -
Implementation Diagram
3. With an increasing number of vehicles, the number of accidents is also increasing at an unprecedented rate.
Each year, among the total number of deaths 1.24 million deaths occurred due to the vehicle accident. In
India, the root causes of these accidents are due to the drunken driver, drowsiness, and badly designed speed
breakers. There is no effective mechanism to prevent these root causes.

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4. An Arduino Based Automatic Accident Detection and Location Communication System”-2020 –

Implementation Diagram
Here in this project, we are going to build a Arduino based vehicle accident alert system using GPS, GSM
and accelerometer. Accelerometer detects the sudden change in the axes of vehicle and GSM module sends
the alert message on your Mobile Phone with the location of the accident. Location of accident is sent in the
form of Google Map link, derived from the latitude and longitude from GPS module. The Message also
contains the speed of vehicle in knots. This Vehicle Accident alert project can also be used as a Tracking
System and much more, by just making few changes in hardware and software

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Chapter 3
Requirements Specification

3.1 Software Requirements

▪ Arduino IDE
▪ Messaging application
▪ Google maps

1. Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software application that allows you to write,
compile, and upload code to Arduino boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for programming Arduino
microcontrollers and developing projects using the Arduino platform.
Here are some key features and components of the Arduino IDE:
• Code Editor: Arduino IDE provides a text editor where you can write your code in the Arduino
programming language. The code editor offers syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and code
suggestions to make the coding process easier.
• Library Manager: Arduino IDE comes with a library manager that allows you to easily add and manage
libraries. Libraries are collections of pre-written code that provide additional functionality and
simplify the programming process for various sensors, modules, and devices.
• Board Manager: Arduino IDE supports a wide range of Arduino-compatible boards. The board
manager allows you to select the specific Arduino board you are using and install the necessary drivers
and configurations for that particular board.
• Serial Monitor: Arduino IDE includes a built-in serial monitor that enables you to communicate with
your Arduino board via the serial port. It allows you to send and receive data, debug your code, and
monitor the behavior of your Arduino projects.
• Sketches and Projects: Arduino programs are referred to as "sketches." Arduino IDE organizes your
sketches and associated files into projects. A project typically consists of a main sketch file with the .

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ino extension and any additional files or libraries required for the project.
• Compilation and Upload: Once you have written your code, Arduino IDE can compile it into a binary
file that can be uploaded to your Arduino board. It handles the compilation process and generates the
necessary machine code from your Arduino sketch. You can then upload the compiled code to the
Arduino board via a USB connection.
• Community Support: Arduino IDE is widely used and has an active and supportive community of
users. You can find numerous tutorials, examples, and forums where you can seek help, share your
projects, and learn from others.
It's worth noting that while Arduino IDE is the official development environment for Arduino boards,
you're not limited to using it. There are alternative IDEs available, such as Platform IO, that provide additional
features and support for a wider range of platforms.

2. Messaging application

In a smart accident detection system, a messaging application plays a crucial role in transmitting critical
information and alerts to relevant parties in the event of an accident. Here's how a messaging application can
be integrated into a smart accident detection system:
• Accident Detection: The smart accident detection system utilizes various sensors, such as
accelerometers and GPS, to detect and analyze the impact and motion patterns that indicate an
accident. When an accident is detected, the system triggers an alert.
• Emergency Alert: Once an accident is detected, the messaging application is used to send an
emergency alert to predefined contacts or emergency services. The alert can include essential
information such as the location of the accident, time, and any other relevant details captured by the
system.
• SOS Messages: The messaging application can provide an SOS feature that allows the user involved
in the accident to send distress signals with just a few taps. SOS messages can be sent to emergency
contacts or a dedicated emergency response center, notifying them of the accident and the need for
immediate assistance.
• Real-Time Updates: The messaging application can provide real-time updates to the contacts or

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emergency responders about the status of the accident and the condition of the individuals involved.

Overall, integrating a messaging application into a smart accident detection system enhances
communication, enables quick response, and provides vital information to emergency contacts and services.
It ensures that help reaches the accident scene promptly, potentially saving lives and reducing the impact of
accidents.

3. Google Maps

Google Maps is a widely used mapping and navigation service provided by Google. In a smart accident
detection system, Google Maps can play a significant role in providing accurate location information, route
guidance, and real-time traffic updates. Here's how Google Maps can be integrated into a smart accident
detection system:
• Accurate Location Tracking: Google Maps can utilize GPS technology to precisely track the location
of a vehicle involved in an accident. By integrating Google Maps into the accident detection system,
the system can provide accurate location coordinates to emergency services or contacts, ensuring that
help is dispatched to the exact accident location.

• Emergency Service Routing: Once an accident is detected, Google Maps can assist in finding the most
optimal route for emergency services to reach the accident scene. It can provide real-time traffic
information, road conditions, and alternative routes, enabling emergency responders to reach the
location as quickly as possible.

• Nearby Hospital or Emergency Services: Google Maps can identify and display nearby hospitals,
clinics, or emergency services facilities. In the event of an accident, the system can utilize Google
Maps to identify the closest medical facilities and provide that information to emergency services or
contacts. This helps in directing the injured individuals to the nearest appropriate medical care.

• Integration with Navigation Systems: If the vehicle involved in the accident has an onboard navigation
system, Google Maps can be integrated into the system to provide turn-by-turn directions and route
guidance. This helps emergency responders or contacts navigate to the accident scene efficiently,
especially if they are unfamiliar with the area.

Overall, integrating Google Maps into a smart accident detection system improves location accuracy,
enables efficient routing for emergency services, provides real-time traffic updates, and offers visual
information about the accident scene. These features enhance the effectiveness and speed of emergency
response, ultimately saving lives and minimizing the impact of accidents.

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3.2 Hardware Requirements

▪ Eye-blink sensor
▪ Alcohol/Gas sensor
▪ Accelerometer
▪ GSM and GPS module
▪ Arduino UNO
▪ Power supply and wires
▪ DC motor
▪ Buzzer and LEDs

1. Eye-Blink Sensor :-

An eye blink sensor can be used in an accident detection and prevention system to monitor the driver's
drowsiness level and alert them when they are becoming too sleepy to continue driving safely. The Arduino
can be used to read the output of the eye blink sensor and analyze the data to determine if the driver's eyes are
closing for an extended period. If the sensor detects that the driver's eyes are closed for a predetermined
amount of time, it can trigger an alarm or warning to alert the driver that they need to take a break or stop
driving altogether. This can help prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving, which can be just as dangerous
as drunk driving. Additionally, the system can be connected to other sensors in the vehicle, such as a speed
sensor or a GPS unit, to provide more context about the driving conditions and adjust the warning level
accordingly.
An eye blink sensor, also known as an eye blink detector, is a device or system designed to detect and
monitor the blinking of human eyes. It is commonly used in various applications, including human-computer
interaction, eye tracking, fatigue detection, and medical diagnostics.
The sensor typically consists of one or more infrared (IR) light sources and an IR receiver or camera. The IR
light source emits infrared light towards the eyes, and the receiver or camera captures the reflection of that
light. When the eyes are open, the IR light is reflected differently than when the eyes are closed, allowing the
sensor to detect the blink.

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• Infrared Light Emission: The sensor emits a beam of infrared light towards the eyes of the person being
• monitored. Infrared light is used because it is not visible to the human eye and does not interfere with normal
vision.
• Reflection Detection: The IR receiver or camera captures the reflection of the emitted infrared light. When
the eyes are open, the light reflects differently than when the eyes are closed. This difference is used to
determine the blink.
• Signal Processing: The received reflection is processed to distinguish between open and closed eyes. This can
be achieved using various algorithms, such as thresholding, pattern recognition, or machine learning
techniques. The signal processing stage analyzes the captured data and determines whether a blink has
occurred.
• Blink Detection: The sensor detects the blink by analyzing changes in the reflected infrared light. When a
blink is detected, it generates an output signal or triggers an event to indicate the occurrence of a blink.
• Output and Applications: The output of the eye blink sensor can be used in different ways depending on the
application. For example, in eye tracking systems, the blink information can be used to calibrate and improve
the accuracy of gaze tracking. In fatigue detection systems, it can be used to determine if a person is
experiencing excessive tiredness or drowsiness.

For example, if the vehicle is traveling at a high speed on a highway, the system may be more sensitive to
drowsiness and trigger a warning at a shorter period of eye closure than if the vehicle is driving slowly on a
quiet road. Overall, an eye blink sensor can be a valuable component in an accident detection and prevention
system, helping to keep drivers safe and prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving. The eye blink sensor
senses the eye blink using infrared signal. The variation across the eye blink will vary as per the eye blink. If
the eye is closed the output is high otherwise the output is low.

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FIG 1:- Eye-Blink Sensor

2. Alcohol/Gas Sensor :-

An alcohol sensor, such as the MQ-3, can be used in an accident detection and prevention system to detect
the presence of alcohol in a driver's breath and alert them if they are under the influence of alcohol. The
Arduino can be used to read the output of the alcohol sensor and trigger an alarm or warning if the alcohol
concentration is above a certain level. If the sensor detects that the driver has consumed alcohol, it can trigger
an alarm or warning to alert the driver that they should not be driving. This can help prevent accidents caused

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by drunk driving, which is a leading cause of fatal car accidents. In addition to detecting alcohol in the driver's
breath, the system can also be connected to other sensors in the vehicle, such as a speed sensor or a GPS unit,
to provide more context about the driving conditions and adjust the warning level accordingly.
An alcohol sensor, also known as a breathalyzer or alcohol breath tester, is a device used to measure the
concentration of alcohol in a person's breath. It is commonly used for alcohol testing in law enforcement,
workplace safety, and personal use scenarios.

The principle behind alcohol sensors is based on the fact that when a person consumes alcohol, it gets
absorbed into their bloodstream. As the blood circulates throughout the body, some alcohol molecules
evaporate and are exhaled through the breath. By analyzing the breath sample, the alcohol sensor can estimate
the alcohol concentration in the person's blood. The person being tested blows into the sensor, usually through a
mouthpiece or a designated opening. The breath sample is collected and directed to the sensor for analysis.
It's important to note that while alcohol sensors can provide a reliable estimate of alcohol concentration, they
are not as precise as laboratory tests. Breathalyzer readings may be influenced by factors such as the person's
breathing pattern, environmental conditions, and the device's calibration status. Therefore, alcohol sensors
are typically used as screening tools, and confirmatory tests are often required for legal or medical purposes.
Overall, alcohol sensors play a crucial role in promoting safety by allowing the detection of alcohol-impaired
individuals. They help law enforcement officers, employers, and individuals make informed decisions
regarding alcohol consumption and ensure compliance with alcohol-related regulations.

For example, if the vehicle is traveling at a high speed on a highway, the system may be more sensitive to
alcohol consumption and trigger a warning at a lower concentration level than if the vehicle is driving slowly
on a quiet road.

Overall, an alcohol sensor such as the MQ-3 can be a valuable component in an accident detection and
prevention system, helping to keep drivers safe and prevent accidents caused by drunk driving. The MQ3
sensor operates using a semi resistor, which means its electrical resistance changes in response to specific
gases. When the sensor comes into contact with ethanol vapor, the resistance of its sensing element undergoes
a modification. This change in resistance is then measured and translated into an output signal that reflects
the amount of alcohol present in the air.
However, it's important to note that alcohol sensors are not foolproof and should be used in combination with

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other safety measures, such as driver education and awareness campaigns, to ensure the highest level of safety
on the road.

FIG 2 :- Alcohol/Gas Sensor

3. DC motor :-

A DC motor control switch can be used in an accident detection and prevention system to trigger
emergency actions such as deploying airbags, turning off the engine, or activating hazard lights when an
accident is detected. The Arduino can be used to control the DC motor switch and trigger the appropriate
emergency response.

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A DC motor control switch is a device used to control the operation of a DC motor. It allows you to
turn the motor on or off and control its speed and direction. In the context of an accident detection and
prevention system, a DC motor control switch can be used to trigger emergency actions in response to an
accident.

For example, if the accelerometer detects a sudden change in acceleration that indicates an accident has
occurred, the Arduino can use the DC motor control switch to deploy the airbags and turn off the engine to
prevent further damage to the vehicle and occupants. Additionally, the system can activate hazard lights to
warn other drivers of the accident and minimize the risk of additional collisions.
The DC motor control switch can also be used to implement other safety features, such as disabling the
ignition if the alcohol sensor detects alcohol in the driver's breath or if the eye blink sensor detects that the
driver is too drowsy to drive safely.
Overall, a DC motor control switch can be a valuable component in an accident detection and
prevention system, helping to trigger emergency responses and minimize the risk of injury or damage in the
event of an accident. However, it's important to note that the system should be designed and implemented
by qualified professionals to ensure that it functions properly and does not introduce additional risks or
hazards.

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FIG 3 :- DC Motor

4. Accelerometer :-
An accelerometer is a device that measures acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity of an object
with respect to time. Accelerometers are commonly used in a variety of electronic devices, such as
smartphones, fitness trackers, and navigation systems, to detect changes in movement and orientation.
There are several types of accelerometers, but most work by measuring the force exerted on a mass by
acceleration. As the device moves, the mass resists the change in motion, generating a proportional electrical
signal that can be measured and analyzed. Accelerometers are widely used in industry, transportation, sports,
and healthcare to monitor and analyze movement, vibration, and shock. They are also used in aerospace,
where they help to control the orientation and position of spacecraft and aircraft. The sensing mechanism of

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an accelerometer typically involves a small mass (often referred to as the proof mass) that is suspended by
springs or other flexible structures. When the accelerometer experiences acceleration, the mass moves in
response to that acceleration.
An accelerometer, such as the ADXL335 MEMS, can be used in an accident detection and prevention
system to detect sudden changes in acceleration and trigger an alarm or warning if an accident occurs. The
Arduino can be used to read the output of the accelerometer and analyze the data to determine if the vehicle
has been involved in an accident.
An accelerometer such as the ADXL335 MEMS can be a valuable component in an accident detection and
prevention system, helping to keep drivers and passengers safe and minimize the risk of accidents. However,
it's important to note that accelerometers are not perfect and can sometimes produce false positives, so they
should be used in combination with other safety measures to ensure the highest level of safety on the road.
An accelerometer is a sensor used to measure and detect acceleration, which is the rate of change of
velocity of an object. It is commonly used in various applications, including motion sensing, orientation
detection, vibration analysis, and inertial navigation systems.
The primary function of an accelerometer is to provide information about the acceleration experienced by an
object in three-dimensional space. It can measure acceleration along three perpendicular axes: X, Y, and Z.
This triaxial measurement capability enables the accelerometer to detect movements and changes in
orientation in any direction.
Accelerometers can be found in various forms, including standalone sensor modules, integrated circuits,
or as part of larger systems such as smartphones, gaming controllers, fitness trackers, and vehicle stability
control systems. They are often complemented by other sensors, such as gyroscopes, magnetometers, or GPS,
to provide comprehensive motion tracking or orientation sensing capabilities.
In summary, accelerometers are essential sensors for measuring acceleration in three-dimensional space. They
find applications in a wide range of fields, including consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace, robotics,
and healthcare, enabling precise motion detection and control in various devices and systems.

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FIG 4 :- Accelerometer

5. Buzzer and LEDs :-

In an accident detection and prevention system, a combination of buzzer and LEDs can be used to provide
visual and audio feedback to the driver about potential hazards and unsafe driving behavior.
For example, if the eye blink sensor detects that the driver is becoming drowsy, the Arduino can use the

buzzer to sound an alarm and use the LEDs to flash a warning signal to alert the driver to take a break or find
a designated driver. Similarly, if the alcohol sensor detects that the driver has consumed alcohol, the Arduino
can use the buzzer to sound an alarm and use the LEDs to flash a warning signal to discourage the driver from
getting behind the wheel.
An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it in the
forward direction. LEDs are widely used due to their low power consumption, long lifespan, compact size,
and versatility. They come in different colors, including red, green, blue, yellow, and white.
An LED is a two-lead semiconductor diode with a p-n junction. When a forward voltage is applied across the

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diode, electrons and holes recombine within the semiconductor material, releasing energy in the form of light.
The color of the emitted light depends on the material used in the LED.
LEDs have numerous applications, including:
• Indicators and Displays: LEDs are commonly used as status indicators, such as power indicators on
electronic devices or as numerical and alphanumeric displays.
• Lighting: LEDs are increasingly used for general lighting purposes, offering energy-efficient
alternatives to traditional incandescent or fluorescent bulbs.
• Automotive Lighting: LEDs are used in headlights, brake lights, turn signals, and interior lighting in
automobiles.
• Backlighting: LEDs are employed in LCD screens and keypads to provide uniform backlighting.
• Decorative and Architectural Lighting: LEDs are used in decorative lighting fixtures, accent lighting,
and architectural lighting designs.
A buzzer is an audio signaling device that produces sound when an electric current passes through it. It
consists of a vibrating element and a mechanism to generate sound.
Buzzer mechanisms can vary, but the most common type is the electromagnetic buzzer. It comprises a coil, a
diaphragm or a piezoelectric element, and a magnet. When an electric current passes through the coil, it creates
a magnetic field that causes the diaphragm or piezoelectric element to vibrate, generating sound waves.

Buzzers find various applications, including:

• Alarms: Buzzers are used in alarms to provide audible alerts, such as in security systems, smoke
detectors, and doorbells.
• Notifications: Buzzers can be used in devices that require audio notifications, such as timers,
appliances, and medical equipment.
• Feedback and Warnings: Buzzers are utilized in user interface devices to provide feedback or
warnings, like in keypads, game controllers, and vehicles for seatbelt reminders.

In addition, the combination of buzzer and LEDs can be used to provide feedback to the driver about their
driving behavior. For example, if the accelerometer detects that the driver is accelerating or braking too
harshly, the system can use the buzzer to provide feedback to the driver to encourage smoother driving and
use the LEDs to provide visual cues about the optimal speed and acceleration.
In the event of an accident, the combination of buzzer and LEDs can be used to alert emergency services and

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other drivers of the accident. For example, the system can use the buzzer to sound an alarm and use the LEDs
to flash warning signals to warn other drivers of the accident and minimize the risk of additional collisions.
Overall, the combination of buzzer and LEDs can be a powerful tool in an accident detection and prevention
system, providing visual and audio feedback to the driver about potential hazards and unsafe driving behavior,
and alerting emergency services and other drivers in the event of an accident. However, the system should be
designed and implemented by qualified professionals to ensure that it functions properly and does not
introduce additional risks or hazards.

FIG 5 :- Buzzer And LED Display

Analysis Model
▪ Arduino
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based. It has 14 digital input/output pin, 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power
it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

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It provides an easy-to-use interface for creating interactive electronic projects and prototypes. Arduino boards
are equipped with microcontrollers, digital and analog input/output pins, and various built-in peripherals,
allowing users to connect and control a wide range of sensors, actuators, and other electronic components.
The Arduino platform was developed with the aim of making electronics accessible to a broader
audience, including beginners, hobbyists, artists, and professionals. It eliminates the need for in-depth
knowledge of electronics or complex programming, making it easier for users to bring their ideas to life.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that consists of both hardware and software components. It is
designed to provide an accessible and user-friendly platform for creating and prototyping interactive
electronic projects.

The Arduino platform includes the following key components:

• Arduino Boards: Arduino boards are microcontroller-based development boards that serve as the core
of the Arduino platform. They are equipped with input and output pins, programmable memory, and
other integrated components.
• Microcontroller: The microcontroller is the brain of the Arduino board. It executes the code uploaded
to it and controls the input and output operations of the board.
• Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software application used
to write, compile, and upload code to the Arduino board. It provides a simplified programming
interface based on the C/C++ language.
• Libraries: Arduino libraries are pre-written code modules that simplify complex tasks and provide
ready-to-use functions for various functionalities, such as controlling motors, interfacing with sensors,
and communicating with other devices.

The Arduino Uno R3 can be used as the central controller in an accident detection and prevention system,
providing the necessary processing power and control to integrate the various sensors and components of the
system. The Arduino can be programmed to read data from the various sensors, such as the accelerometer,
alcohol sensor, and eye blink sensor, and analyze the data to detect potential hazards and unsafe driving
behavior. It can also be programmed to trigger appropriate responses, such as sounding the buzzer, flashing
LEDs, and controlling the DC motor switch, based on the analysis of the sensor data.
The Arduino Uno R3 is one of the most popular and widely used Arduino boards. It is an upgrade to the

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original Arduino Uno board and offers several enhancements and improvements. The "R3" refers to the
revision 3 of the Arduino Uno board. The Arduino R3 can be programmed using the Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), a user-friendly software that provides a programming interface for writing,
uploading, and debugging code. The IDE is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems and
supports C/C++ programming languages.

Key features of the Arduino Uno R3 include:

• Microcontroller: The Uno R3 is based on the ATmega328P microcontroller, which is an 8-bit AVR
microcontroller with 32KB of flash memory, 2KB of SRAM, and 1KB of EEPROM.
• Digital and Analog I/O: The board has a total of 14 digital input/output pins, of which 6 can be used
for pulse width modulation (PWM) output. It also provides 6 analog input pins.
• USB Connectivity: The Arduino Uno R3 includes a USB port that allows the board to be connected
to a computer for programming and power supply.
• Power Options: The board can be powered through the USB connection or an external power supply.
It also includes a barrel jack for connecting a power adapter.
• Other Features: The Uno R3 has a reset button for restarting the program execution, an onboard LED
(connected to pin 13) for basic visual feedback, and various pins for connecting external components
and modules.
The Arduino Uno R3 is widely used in educational settings, hobby projects, and prototyping due to its
simplicity, versatility, and extensive community support. It is compatible with a wide range of sensors,
actuators, and other electronic components, making it an ideal choice for beginners and experienced makers
alike.
Arduino R3 can be used for a wide range of applications, from simple LED blinking projects to more
complex robotics and automation projects. It can interface with various sensors and actuators, including
temperature sensors, ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, and stepper motors, making it ideal for prototyping and
experimenting with electronic systems.
In summary, Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that provides an easy-to-use hardware and
software interface for creating interactive projects and prototypes, and the Arduino R3 is a specific model of
the Arduino board that is widely used due to its versatility and ease of use.
In addition, the Arduino can be used to communicate with external devices, such as GPS modules and
cellular networks, to provide location information and alert emergency services in the event of an accident.

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The Arduino Uno R3 is a popular and widely used microcontroller, and its open-source nature makes it easy
to program and customize for a variety of applications. With the right programming and integration with the
various sensors and components of an accident detection and prevention system, the Arduino Uno R3 can
provide an effective and reliable platform for enhancing driver safety and reducing the risk of accidents on
the road.

FIG 6 :- Arduino Board

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Arduino Pin Diagram :-

FIG 6.1 :- Arduino Pin Diagram

The Arduino pin diagram provides a visual representation of the various pins available on an Arduino
board. It shows the location and labeling of pins, allowing users to identify and connect external components
or peripherals. The pin diagram includes power pins (such as 5V and GND), digital pins (labeled from 0 to
13), analog pins (usually labeled as A0 to A5), special function pins (like RX, TX, and RST), and other pins
for specific functionalities (such as PWM, I2C, and SPI). The specific pin configuration may vary depending
on the Arduino model, so it's essential to refer to the pin diagram provided by the manufacturer for the specific
board you are using.
The pin diagram typically includes pins for power, ground, analog input, digital input and output, and
other special functions. The power pins, labeled 3V3 and 5V, provide regulated voltage outputs for external
components. The ground pins are used for ground connections.
The analog input pins allow the Arduino to read analog voltages from sensors or other analog devices. These
pins are typically labeled A0 to A5. Digital input and output pins, labeled 0 to 13, can be used for digital

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communication, such as reading buttons or controlling LEDs. Some of these pins also have additional
functionality, such as PWM or hardware serial communication.
Other pins on the Arduino board include the RESET pin, which resets the microcontroller, and the VIN pin,
which can be used to supply power to the board from an external source. There are also RX and TX pins for
serial communication with other devices.

It's important to note that the specific pin configuration may vary depending on the model and version
of the Arduino board. When using an Arduino board, it's important to refer to the pinout diagram provided by
the manufacturer to ensure accurate connections with external components.
Overall, the Arduino pin diagram is an essential tool for designing and building projects with the Arduino
platform, allowing users to understand the capabilities of the board and make informed decisions about which
pins to use for different functions.

Vin: This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to provide input supply from an external power
source.

5V: This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it is used to give supply to
the board as well as onboard components.

3.3V: This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is generated from a voltage regulator on
the board

GND: This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.

Reset: This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to Resets the microcontroller.

Analog Pins: The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it is in the range of 0-5V.

Digital Pins: The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or output for the Arduino board.

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Serial Pins: These pins are also known as a UART pin. It is used for communication between the Arduino
board and a computer or other devices. The transmitter pin number 1 and receiver pin number 0 is used to
transmit and receive the data resp.

External Interrupt Pins: This pin of the Arduino board is used to produce the External interrupt and it is done
by pin numbers 2 and 3.

PWM Pins: This pins of the board is used to convert the digital signal into an analog by varying the width of
the Pulse. The pin numbers 3,5,6,9,10 and 11 are used as a PWM pin.

SPI Pins: This is the Serial Peripheral Interface pin, it is used to maintain SPI communication with the help of
the SPI library. SPI pins include:

1. SS: Pin number 10 is used as a Slave Select

2. MOSI: Pin number 11 is used as a Master Out Slave In
3. MISO: Pin number 12 is used as a Master In Slave Out
4. SCK: Pin number 13 is used as a Serial Clock

LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED glows only when the digital pin
becomes high.

AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is used to provide a reference voltage from
an external power supply.

▪ GPS MODULE

Global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-based framework that utilizes satellites and ground to
quantify and registers its situation on earth (Fig. 3). GPS beneficiary gets data signals from GPS satellites and
figures its good ways from satellites. This is finished by estimating the time required for the sign to make a
trip from satellite to the beneficiary.
A GPS module can be used in an accident detection and prevention system to provide accurate location
data for the vehicle. The Arduino can be used to interface with the GPS module and read the location data,

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which can be used to determine the speed and direction of the vehicle, as well as its location relative to other
vehicles and potential hazards. In an accident prevention system, the GPS module can be used to detect when
the vehicle is approaching a dangerous intersection or other hazardous location. The Arduino can use this

information to trigger appropriate responses, such as sounding the buzzer, flashing LEDs, or activating the
DC motor switch to slow down or stop the vehicle. In the event of an accident, the GPS module can be used
to provide accurate location data to emergency services and other drivers.

Applications of GPS modules include:

• Navigation Systems: GPS modules are commonly used in car navigation systems, handheld GPS
devices, and smartphones to provide accurate positioning and navigation guidance.
• Tracking Devices: GPS modules are used in asset tracking systems, vehicle tracking systems, and
personal trackers to monitor the location of objects or individuals in real-time.
• Geotagging: GPS modules are employed in cameras and smartphones to embed location information
(geotags) into photos or videos, allowing users to map where the media was captured.
• Time Synchronization: GPS modules can be used in applications that require precise time
synchronization, such as scientific experiments, financial transactions, and telecommunications
networks.

A GPS (Global Positioning System) module is an electronic device that receives signals from a network of
satellites to determine precise location, time, and velocity information. It is widely used in navigation systems,
tracking devices, and other applications that require accurate positioning. It's important to note that GPS
modules require an unobstructed view of the sky to receive satellite signals effectively. They may have
limitations in environments with tall buildings, dense foliage, or indoors where the signals may be attenuated
or blocked. In such cases, external antennas or modules with enhanced sensitivity can be used to improve
signal reception.
Overall, GPS modules provide a reliable and accurate method for determining location, time, and
velocity information, enabling a wide range of applications that rely on precise positioning data. GPS modules
receive signals from a constellation of satellites orbiting the Earth. These satellites continuously transmit

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signals that contain timing and positioning information. The GPS module has an antenna that captures the
signals from multiple satellites. The module requires a clear view of the sky to receive signals effectively.
Once the signals are received, the GPS module processes the data contained within them. It extracts the precise
time information and performs calculations to determine the distances between the module and the satellites.
The GPS module uses a method called trilateration to determine its position based on the distances to multiple
satellites. By comparing the time it takes for the signals to reach the module from different satellites, it can

calculate its position in three-dimensional space. The GPS module combines the distance information from
multiple satellites with their known positions in orbit to calculate the module's latitude, longitude, and altitude.
In addition to position information, GPS modules also provide accurate time synchronization. They receive
time signals from the satellites, which can be used for applications requiring precise timing. Once the position
and time data are calculated, the GPS module typically provides this information in a standardized format,
such as NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) sentences. These sentences contain data fields that
represent latitude, longitude, altitude, time, velocity, and other parameters.
The Arduino can be programmed to communicate with cellular networks and other devices to transmit
the location data and alert emergency services to the accident. Overall, a GPS module can be a valuable
component in an accident detection and prevention system, providing accurate location data to enhance driver
safety and reduce the risk of accidents on the road. However, the system should be designed and implemented
by qualified professionals to ensure that it functions properly and does not introduce additional risks or
hazards.

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FIG 7 :- GPS Module

▪ GSM Module

GSM module or a GPRS module is a chip or circuit that is utilized to set up correspondence between
a cell phone or a registering machine and a GSM or GPRS framework (Fig. 4). A GSM modem can be a
devoted modem gadget with a sequential, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be tending to be a cell phone
that gives GSM modem abilities.
A GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) module can be used in an accident detection and
prevention system to provide cellular network connectivity for the system. The Arduino can be used to
interface with the GSM module and use it to communicate with other devices and services, such as emergency
services and other drivers. In an accident prevention system, the GSM module can be used to send SMS or
voice alerts to emergency services and other drivers in the event of an accident. The Arduino can use the GPS
data and other sensor data to determine the severity of the accident and trigger appropriate responses, such as

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contacting emergency services and sending location data to them.

Applications of GSM modules include:

• IoT Applications: GSM modules enable IoT devices to connect to the internet and communicate with
cloud services, enabling remote monitoring, control, and data collection.
• Security Systems: GSM modules are used in security systems like alarms and surveillance systems to
send notifications, alerts, or images to the owner's phone in case of intrusion or emergencies.
• Tracking Systems: GSM modules are used in GPS tracking devices to transmit location data over the
cellular network, allowing real-time tracking of vehicles, assets, or people.
• Communication Systems: GSM modules are used in systems that require remote communication,
such as remote data acquisition, telemedicine, or telematics applications.
It's important to note that GSM modules require a compatible SIM card and a cellular network with
coverage in the operating area. The specific functionalities and features of GSM modules may vary depending
on the manufacturer and model. A GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module is a hardware
device that enables communication over a cellular network. It allows devices to send and receive data, make
voice calls, and send text messages (SMS). GSM modules are widely used in various applications such as
IoT (Internet of Things) devices, security systems, remote monitoring, and communication systems.
In summary, a GSM module is a hardware device that allows devices to communicate over a cellular
network, providing voice, SMS, and data communication capabilities. It enables applications ranging from
IoT devices to security systems and tracking systems, offering a reliable means of wireless communication.
In addition, the GSM module can be used to provide real-time feedback and alerts to the driver about potential
hazards and unsafe driving behavior. For example, the Arduino can use the GSM module to send SMS alerts
to the driver about traffic conditions, weather conditions, or other potential hazards. Overall, a GSM module
can be a valuable component in an accident detection and prevention system, providing cellular network
connectivity for the system and enabling it to communicate with emergency services and other drivers in the
event of an accident. However, the system should be designed and implemented by qualified professionals to
ensure that it functions properly and does not introduce additional risks or hazards.

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FIG 8 :- GSM Module

▪ Accelerometer :-

An accelerometer, such as the ADXL335 MEMS, can be used in an accident detection and prevention
system to detect sudden changes in acceleration and trigger an alarm or warning if an accident occurs. The
Arduino can be used to read the output of the accelerometer and analyze the data to determine if the vehicle
has been involved in an accident. If the accelerometer detects a sudden change in acceleration, such as a sharp
deceleration or impact, it can trigger an alarm or warning to alert the driver and emergency services that an
accident has occurred. This can help to minimize the response time of emergency services and potentially
save lives. In addition to detecting accidents, the accelerometer can also be used to monitor the driving
behavior of the driver. For example, if the vehicle is accelerating or braking too harshly, the system can
provide feedback to the driver to encourage smoother driving and reduce the risk of accidents. Overall, an
accelerometer such as the ADXL335 MEMS can be a valuable component in an accident detection and
prevention system, helping to keep drivers and passengers safe and minimize the risk of accidents. However,
it's important to note that accelerometers are not perfect and can sometimes produce false positives, so they
should be used in combination with other safety measures to ensure the highest level of safety on the road.
An accelerometer is a sensor that measures acceleration or changes in velocity along one or more axes. It
is commonly used to detect motion, tilt, and vibration in various electronic devices and systems.
Accelerometers are employed in a wide range of applications, including smartphones, gaming controllers,
drones, fitness trackers, and automotive systems.
The basic principle behind an accelerometer is the measurement of the forces acting on a small mass or
element inside the sensor. When the accelerometer experiences acceleration or movement, the mass inside

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responds to these changes and generates an electrical signal that corresponds to the detected acceleration.

Accelerometers have numerous applications, such as:

• Motion Sensing: They are used in devices like smartphones, gaming controllers, and fitness trackers
to detect motion and orientation for user interaction and activity tracking.
• Vibration Monitoring: Accelerometers can be used to monitor vibrations in machines and structures
for predictive maintenance, safety, and structural health monitoring.
• Inertial Navigation: In aerospace and automotive applications, accelerometers are used in combination
with other sensors like gyroscopes to provide information for navigation, orientation, and stabilization
systems.
• Impact Detection: They are used in collision detection systems, airbag deployment systems, and sports
equipment to detect impacts and trigger appropriate actions or safety mechanisms.
Accelerometers offer valuable motion sensing capabilities and are integral to many electronic devices and
systems. Their compact size, low power consumption, and versatility make them essential components in
various industries and applications.

FIG 9 :- Accelerometer

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Chapter 4
Implementation

1. Firstly, connect the Eye-blink sensor, Accelerometer and temperature sensors on the breadboard as shown
in the figure. Where eye-blink sensor is used to monitor the driver's drowsiness level and alert them when
they are becoming too sleepy to continue driving safely. Accelerometer is used to detect the speed and
report the position of vehicle and also analyze the movement of vehicle. And temperature sensor is used
for the measure the temperature of vehicle for detecting overheating.

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2. Now, we connect the GPS Module with help of jumper wires. Also Connect the alcohol Sensor. to
detect the presence of alcohol in a driver's breath and alert them if they are under the influence of
alcohol. A GPS module can be used in an accident detection and prevention system to provide accurate
location data for the vehicle. When a person who has consumed alcohol breathes near thesensor, it can
accurately identify the ethanol in their breath and generate an output signal that corresponds to the
concentration of alcohol.

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3. Connected all remaining sensors such as GSM Module, Arduino, LED display and buzzer to the
breadboard. Done with all connections required for the implementation. A GSM module can be used
in an accident detection and prevention system to provide cellular network connectivity for the system.
In an accident detection and prevention system, a combination of buzzer and LEDs can be used to
provide visual and audio feedback to the driver about potential hazards and unsafe driving behavior.

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Implementation Diagram
An implementation of our system is as shown above. The model consists of all the sensors, input
devices, alert devices and reporting system connected through the breadboard to Arduino UNO R3 which is
our main processing unit. GPS Receiver is used for detecting coordinates of the vehicle, GSM module is used
for sending the alert SMS with the coordinates and the link to Google Map. Accelerometer namely ADXL335
is used for detecting accident or sudden change in any axis. And an optional 16x2 LCD is also used for
displaying status messages or coordinates. We have used GPS Module SIM28ML. Now whenever there is an
accident, the car gets tilt and accelerometer changes his axis values. These values read by Arduino and checks
if any change occurs in any axis. If any change occurs then Arduino reads coordinates by extracting $GPGGA
String from GPS module data (GPS working explained above) and send SMS to the predefined number to the

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police or ambulance or family member with the location coordinates of accident place. The message also
contains a Google Map link to the accident location, so that location can be easily tracked. When we receive
the message then we only need to click the link and we will redirect to the Google map and then we can see
the exact location of the vehicle. Speed of Vehicle, in knots (1.852 KPH), is also sent in the SMS and displayed
on the LCD panel.
An activity can be described as a screen where the user interacts with the phone. Activities contain
widgets like buttons, text fields, images, etc., which help in the transfer of information. This tutorial will use
one activity, the Main Activity, which will take the user's input to send to the Arduino and also display the
received text. We will be using the same layout for both the USB App and the Bluetooth App. It's a simple
one with the minimum required widgets to test the connection between the devices. Setting up a serial
connection in Android is quite a hassle because it will require you to manually configure a lot of stuff, so I
had been looking at some libraries which do all this automatically. In the manifest, state what extra
permissions the app might require. The only one needed is the permission to make the phone a USB host. It
has the three phases: Pre accident, Post-accident and Reporting. As you can see, the engine will not start if
the driver is drunk and an alert will be generated. In case the vehicle is running, the temperature sensor,
gyroscope, eyeblink sensor, accelerometer and GPS module will continuously keep a track of the respective
parameters. If any of them goes out of limit, the ADAS will be triggered and vehicle will be brought back in
control. This all is monitored by a cloud service remotely. The data from the vehicle will be sent to the
emergency contacts which includes the Police control room and Ambulance Unit by default. The user can add
their family or friends in the emergency contacts also. The vehicle unit incorporates various sensors and
preventive measures to enhance safety and prevent accidents. It collects and processes data, including vehicle
statistics, sensor readings, alerts, and location coordinates. This data is then stored in the cloud for future
research and investigations.
The vehicle unit is equipped with an alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor, and temperature sensor. The
alcohol sensor detects the concentration of alcohol in the driver's breath. If the detected alcohol concentration
is below a predefined threshold, the motor is allowed to rotate, indicating that the vehicle is ready to be driven.
However, if alcohol is detected above the threshold, the motor is stopped, preventing the driver from operating
the vehicle.
To address driver drowsiness, the eye blink sensor continuously monitors the driver's eye movements.
If signs of drowsiness are detected, such as prolonged eye closure or reduced blink frequency, the system
activates an alert mechanism. This includes activating a buzzer and illuminating red-colored LED lights to
alert the driver and prevent potential accidents.

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The vehicle unit also incorporates a temperature sensor to monitor the engine's temperature
continuously. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, the system triggers alerts to notify the
driver about the high engine temperature. This helps in preventing engine damage and potential breakdowns.
Furthermore, the vehicle unit includes an accelerometer that constantly measures the vehicle's position and
movement. If irregular or abrupt changes in the vehicle's position are detected, it implies potential accidents
or theft. In such cases, a GPS location tracker is activated, providing real-time coordinates of the vehicle's
location. The system utilizes a GSM SIM module to transmit the latitude, longitude, and Google Maps
position to an emergency contact number for immediate assistance.
It's important to note that the description provided is for illustrative purposes only, and the
implementation and performance of such a system may vary based on specific requirements and technologies
employed.

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Chapter 5

System Design

5.1 System Architecture

Communication
Interface

FIG 10 :-Architecture Diagram

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The architecture consists of 2 phases:

1. Pre-ignition.
2. Post-ignition.

Pre-ignition: At this stage, the system will do a check to prevent the accident. The precautions taken here
are:
a. Alcohol sensor checks the alcohol level through breath of the driver. If the alcohol concentration is
below the threshold, the engine will start and if the level exceeds the threshold, the engine will not start and
an alert will be generated for the driver as well as for the police. If found drunk, the system reports the same
to the police with the location of the vehicle.

Post-ignition: This would do a continuous check during the vehicle is running. The precautions taken here
are:
a. Eye-blink sensor will keep a track of the eye of driver. If found sleepy, the engine will stop and a buzzer
will be triggered to wake up the driver.
b. Accelerometer: If an accident occurs, the speed of the vehicle will immediately change to zero. The
accelerometer reads this and detects it as an accident. The same is reported to emergency services and contacts
with the location.
c. Temperature sensor: The temperature sensor alerts if the engine is over-heated. In case of accident and
fire, the temperature sensor will alert the fire department also.
d. Gyroscope: The gyroscope is used to determine the position of vehicle in 3D space. This will determine
if the vehicle is collapsed or turned-over due to accident. It will help emergency services to plan their rescue.

The system is cheap and easy to install on any vehicle. It can also be made compatible with ADAS for
automatic steering and braking. This would be helpful to monitor, inspect and investigate many criminal
activities as well.

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5.2 Flow Chart

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The system described follows a sequence of checks and actions to ensure the safety of the driver and
the vehicle. Here's a breakdown of each component and its functionality:

• Power Initialization: When the system is started, the power is activated, initializing the entire system.

• Alcohol Sensor: The alcohol sensor is activated to check if the driver is drunk or not. It determines
whether the driver has consumed alcohol by analyzing their breath or other indicators. It provides two
conditions: "Yes" or "No." If the driver is found to be drunk ("Yes"), the engine will not start. If the
driver is not drunk ("No"), the engine will be allowed to start.

• Eyeblink Sensor: Once the engine starts, the system proceeds to monitor the driver's condition. The
eyeblink sensor is employed to detect if the driver is feeling drowsy or falling asleep. If the sensor
detects signs of drowsiness, indicating that the driver's eyes are closing or blinking abnormally, a
buzzer will be triggered to alert the driver. This alert serves as a warning to prevent accidents caused
by driver fatigue. If the eyeblink sensor does not detect drowsiness, the vehicle will continue running.

• Temperature Sensor: Alongside monitoring the driver's condition, the system also checks the
temperature of the engine using a temperature sensor. This sensor ensures that the engine does not
overheat. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, indicating an overheating engine, a
buzzer will be activated. The vehicle will then be stopped safely on the side of the road to prevent
further damage. If the temperature remains within normal limits, the vehicle will continue running
smoothly.

• Accelerometer: The accelerometer is utilized to detect accidents or sudden changes in the vehicle's
acceleration. In the event of an accident, the accelerometer will detect the impact and trigger a
response. The GPS system integrated into the vehicle will be activated to determine the precise location
of the accident. This information will be relayed to emergency contacts, such as predefined contacts
of the driver's choice, as well as the nearest police station. This ensures that assistance can be provided
promptly.

Overall, this system incorporates multiple sensors and safety measures to promote driver safety and
prevent accidents. It includes an alcohol sensor to prevent drunk driving, an eyeblink sensor to detect
drowsiness, a temperature sensor to prevent engine overheating, and an accelerometer for accident detection
and location tracking.

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5.3 Data Flow

FIG 11 :- Data Flow

The data flow diagram illustrates the transfer of data within the system architecture. In this system, data
is collected from the vehicle and sent to emergency contacts, including the Police control room and
Ambulance Unit by default. Additionally, the user has the option to add their family or friends to the
emergency contacts list.
The data transmitted to the emergency contacts encompasses various information such as vehicle
statistics, sensor readings, alerts, and the location coordinates of the vehicle. This data allows the emergency
contacts to have real-time insights into the vehicle's condition and any potential safety issues.
Furthermore, the collected data is stored in the cloud for future reference, research, and investigations. This
enables the system to maintain a historical record of the vehicle's data, facilitating analysis and providing
valuable information for improving safety measures or identifying patterns and trends.
In summary, the data flow diagram demonstrates how data flows from the vehicle to the emergency
contacts, encompassing vital information for immediate action and subsequent analysis. The cloud storage
ensures that the data is securely preserved for future use.

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5.4 Block Diagram

FIG 12 :- Block diagram

The vehicle unit consist of alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor and temperature sensor as preventive
measures of an accident, buzzer and red-light LEDs for alert. First alcohol sensor detects the concentration of
alcohol in driver, if it is found below the threshold the motor rotates and vehicle is ready to be drive. Whenever
alcohol is detected the motor stops. Similarly, when the driver feels sleepy the eye blink sensor detects and
alert the driver with buzzer and red colored led lights. The system will also check temperature of engine
continuously and keeps alerting if found above threshold value of engine temperature. Vehicle unit also
consists of accelerometer which keeps on informing the coordinate of vehicle position to the microcontroller.
If it is found random, the GPS location tracker tracks and informs the emergency number with values of
latitude, longitude and google map position using GSM SIM module

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Chapter 6

Future Work
Besides, the data stored by sensors can be used to investigate the accident in future. This is possible
when the system is modified to be integrated by a cloud.
The system is monitored by a cloud, hence a number of criminal activities can be tracked and monitored.
Stop or lock the vehicle remotely from the cloud service in case of a pursuit or theft.
The proposed system demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing road accidents and addressing the issue of
over speeding in restricted zones. It combines both an accident alert system and a theft prevention system to
enhance overall safety.
Unlike existing projects, this system incorporates autonomous speed restriction measures within the
vehicle itself. By implementing this feature, the system can proactively prevent accidents caused by excessive
speeding. The vehicle's speed is monitored and controlled to ensure it stays within safe limits, particularly in
areas with speed restrictions. This proactive approach significantly reduces the likelihood of accidents
occurring due to over speeding.
Additionally, the system can be augmented with a live tracking feature in a mobile application. This
allows real-time monitoring of the vehicle's speed and location. By integrating this functionality, users can
actively keep track of their vehicle's movements, providing an added layer of safety and convenience.
To further enhance safety, the system can incorporate sensors capable of detecting living things, such as
pedestrians or animals, that may be crossing in front of the vehicle. By identifying and recognizing these
living objects, the system can issue alerts or take preventive measures to avoid potential accidents. This
capability has the potential to save countless lives and prevent numerous accidents.
It's worth noting that the implementation and specific features of the system may vary based on
technological constraints and requirements. However, the integration of an accident alert system, theft
prevention measures, autonomous speed restriction, live tracking, and the ability to detect living things can
collectively contribute to a significant reduction in accidents and enhanced road safety.

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Chapter 7

Applications
Smart Accident Detection, Prevention, and Reporting using Arduino is an innovative system that utilizes
the capabilities of Arduino microcontrollers to detect and respond to accidents in real-time. The system
integrates various sensors, communication modules, and software algorithms to provide a comprehensive
solution for accident detection, prevention, and reporting. Let's explore each aspect of the application in detail:
• Accident Detection:
Impact Sensors: The Arduino system is equipped with impact sensors, such as accelerometers or gyroscopes,
to detect sudden changes in velocity or orientation. These sensors can measure the acceleration or angular
rate of the vehicle.
Crash Algorithm: The Arduino firmware includes an algorithm that analyzes the data from the impact sensors
to determine if an accident has occurred. This algorithm considers factors like the magnitude and duration of
the impact to differentiate between normal driving events and accidents.
GPS Module: The system incorporates a GPS module to track the location of the vehicle continuously. This
information is crucial for accident reporting and emergency response.

• Accident Prevention:
Vehicle Control: Arduino can interface with the vehicle's electronic control systems, such as the Engine
Control Unit (ECU), to take preventive measures. For example, it can send signals to the ECU to activate
safety features like automatic braking or stability control when an imminent collision is detected.
Visual and Auditory Warnings: The Arduino system can trigger visual and auditory warnings inside the
vehicle to alert the driver about potential hazards. This can be achieved using displays, LEDs, buzzers, or
even integrated infotainment systems.
• Accident Reporting:
Communication Modules: Arduino can be connected to communication modules like GSM, GPRS, or Wi-Fi
to establish a connection with the outside world. These modules allow the system to send real-time accident

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 49

notifications and location details to emergency services, predefined contacts, or a central monitoring station.
Data Logging: The Arduino application can log relevant accident data, including impact magnitude, vehicle
speed, and GPS coordinates, for later analysis. This information can be crucial for insurance claims or accident
reconstruction.
Power Management:
Arduino systems typically incorporate power management features to ensure reliable operation. This includes
voltage regulators, power-saving modes, and backup power sources like batteries or supercapacitors. These
measures ensure that the system remains functional even in case of power disruptions during accidents.

An accident detection and prevention system using Arduino can have various applications, including:

5.4.1 Automotive Safety :-

The system can be used in cars and other vehicles to detect potential hazards and unsafe driving
behavior, alerting the driver and triggering appropriate responses to prevent accidents.
5.4.2 Fleet Management:-
The system can be used in commercial fleets to monitor driver behavior and improve overall safety and
efficiency.

5.4.3 Public Transportation :-

The system can be used in buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation to improve passenger
safety and reduce the risk of accidents.
5.4.4 Emergency Response :-
The system can be used to detect accidents and automatically alert emergency services, providing real-
time location data and other information to aid in the response.

Overall, an accident detection and prevention system using Arduino can be a valuable tool in improving
safety and reducing the risk of accidents in a variety of settings. However, the system should be designed and
implemented by qualified professionals to ensure that it functions properly and does not introduce additional
risks or hazards.

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Chapter 8

Results

Finally, on performing all the required procedure, we were able to implement our
project on “Accident Prevention, Detection and Reporting System” and the final output
of the project is as shown. With the increase in number of vehicle, the number

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of road accident is also increasing day by day, so it is our duty to control it. Mostly the
accident takes place because of drunk drivers, drowsiness while driving and over
heating of engine causing fire. Implementation of this project will help to decrease the
accident caused because of above reason. The system is automatic, low cost and power
efficient which makes it easy to install in vehicle. Unfortunately, if accident happens to
take place, the system detects it and with the help of GPS exact location can be pointed
and informed to emergency unit using GSM module. This helps to save many lives by
informing rescuing agent in time.
Over all, this system is very affordable, targets common people and easily implemented
in all types of vehicles.

FIG 13 :- LCD Display

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1.Mobile Number registration

2.Alcohol Detected alert

3.Eye Closed alert

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Chapter 9

Conclusion

• In this 21’s century, with the continuous advancement in science and technology, more emphasis is given for
vehicle safety. Mostly the accident takes place because of drunk drivers, drowsiness while driving and over
heating of engine causing fire. Implementation of this project will help to decrease the accident caused
because of above reason. The system is automatic, low cost and
power efficient which makes it easy to install in vehicle.
• With the help of GPS exact location can be pointed and informed to emergency unit using GSM module. This
helps to save many lives by informing rescuing agent in time.
• Over all, this system is very affordable, targets common people and easily implemented in all vehicles.

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References
● The paper that we have referred is Accident Prevention and Alert System using Arduino using IoT technology
which was published by Aswin, Sujitha, Archunan, Sandhya Devi R in the IRJET journal in 2021. The paper
was proposed towards generation of alerts and alarms using Buzzers and LEDs in case of accidents.

● The paper that we have referred is Arduino-Home which is available on the Arduino.cc website. The paper
was published by Arduino itself and was intended towards the use of Arduino Uno R3 and circuit design.

● The paper that we have referred is An Arduino Based Automatic Accident Detection and Location
Communication System which was published by Souvik Roy, Akanksha Kumari, Pulakesh Roy, Rajib
Banerjee in IEEE Xlpore in 2020. The paper was focused towards implementation of Vehicle Tracking using
GSM/GPS/GPRS automatic alerts.

● The paper that we have referred is IoT in Connected Cars: Challenges and Chances which was published by
B. Lakshmipraba, V.G. Shivakumar in IJEAT in 2019. The findings of the paper are uses of IoT in vehicles
and their use cases in various scenarios and challenges.

● The paper that we have referred is Research Study on Advanced Driver- Assistance Systems (ADAS)
published by J. Anand, A. Manoj Kumar, K. Naresh, G. Janakiraman on IRJETS in 2021. The paper consisted
of implementation and working principle of ADAS system.

● The paper that we have referred is Cloud Computing: Arduino Cloud IoT Integration with REST API
published by Nemese Kalubi, Sayeed Sajal in IEEE Xplore in 2022. The paper was intended towards to
connect an Arduino to a cloud to share and monitor data.

● The paper that we have referred is GSM based Vehicle Accident Alert System published by G. Boopathi Raja,
Keerthika A, Keerthika SG, Nandhini A, Pranitha AJ on IRJETS in 2021. The paper consisted of use of GSM

module to communicate the details of vehicle through mobile networks.

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● The paper that we have referred is An IoT based Smart Monitoring System for Vehicles published by Christy

Mary Jacob, Nikhil George, Amul Lal, Roshan Jacob George, Merin Antony, Jineeth Joseph on IEEE Xplore
● in 2020. The paper was directed towards the use of IoT systems in vehicles and connecting these systems to
a cloud or web for analytics and monitoring

● The paper that we have referred is Automatic Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Sensor Location Using
Feature-Vector Based Comparisons published by Gregory S. Buthker on Wright University Core Scholar in
2020. This included the design and requirements of Electronic Control Unit (ECU) in vehicles for better
engine management.

● The paper that we have referred is Alcohol Detection and Vehicle Stopping System published by Sai Nithish
Sundararajan, Ponkarthikeyan V, Bowman P on IJEAST in 2022. The paper contained the use of alcohol
sensors in vehicle and calibrating its threshold frequency.

● The paper that we have referred is How does MQ-3 Alcohol Detector work with Arduino and Detect Alcohol
published on Circuit digest in 2022. This had the implementation of MQ-3 alcohol (gas) sensor and connecting
it to Arduino.

ZCOER, Computer Engineering Department,2022-2023

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting using Arduino

1
Afsha Akkalkot Guide Assistant professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering and Research,
Pune.
2
Srujan Garde, 3Kishori Patil, 4Janhavi Asware, 5Kapaleshwar Patil
1 2
[email protected] [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
4
[email protected]

Abstract― Numerous people lose their lives in traffic accidents every day. In India, 4,80,652 traffic
accidents resulted in a total of 1,51,113 fatalities in 2019. In terms of road accident deaths, India currently
retains the top rank. Excessive speed was the primary cause of fatalities in road accidents. To save the
lives of several injured accident victims, this is a serious problem that needs to be remedied. In order to
address the ongoing challenges surrounding automobile accidents, various automobile companies have
implemented a range of safety systems, including safety airbags, seat belts, camera sensors, and more.
Despite these efforts, the root causes of accidents and their resulting effects have proven difficult to
mitigate entirely. To tackle this persistent issue effectively, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive
system that can automatically detect accidents as they occur. This system would play a crucial role in
promptly communicating vital information about the accident and its precise location to both nearby
hospitals and concerned relatives without any delays. When a car has an accident, the accelerometer
immediately provides data to the Arduino, which then sends the alarm message through the GSM
MODULE, including the location that is identified by the GPS MODULE, to recently saved crisis
contacts.
Keywords―Arduino; Gas Sensor; Eye Blink Sensor; Accelerometer; GSM & GPS Module; Buzzer; LED.
I. INTRODCUTION control the speed mainly in the restricted areas like
school, college zones etc. In the event of an
The use of vehicles has significantly increased in
accident, the accelerometer picks it up, GPS is used
the modern world, which has increased traffic
to determine the location, and then a GSM module
volume and, in turn, contributed to an increase in
is used to communicate the information to the
road accidents. Due to a lack of timely preventive
police and ambulance service. The message
and safety facilities, this damages the property and
received on a mobile device includes the address of
results in human life loss. The proposed embedded
the accident site in the form of a Google Maps link,
system takes the necessary precautions to prevent
which will help rescue agencies, such as ambulance
accidents from happening. As the position was
services and police stations, reach the victim
provided to the emergency services' smart devices
swiftly and save lives. Besides, the data stored by
with mobile network accessibility coupled with a
sensors can be used to investigate the accident in
link to a Google Map, they could quickly locate the
future. The system is monitored by a cloud, hence
area. Approximately 1214 road accidents occurring
a number of criminal activities can be tracked and
every day. Major road accidents in India are caused
monitored. Stop or lock the vehicle remotely from
due to the over speeding and violation of traffic
the cloud service in case of a pursuit or theft.
rules. The road accident rates are increasing day by
day due to large numbers of vehicle running on the
road. In all these Vehicles, the speed control needs
to be implemented. Here is our fresh idea: equip the
cars with an automated speed control system to

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT B. GPS MODULE

To develop a smart accident prevention, A network of satellites and ground-based
detection and reporting using Arduino. Sensors like receivers is used by the Global Positioning System
alcohol/gas sensor and eye-blinking sensor are (GPS), a satellite based navigation system, to
used as majority of accidents are a case of drink and precisely determine and store location data on
drive and driver falling asleep. Post this, in case of Earth. These satellites broadcast signals that are
accident detection, automatic reporting is done to picked up by GPS receivers, also known as GPS
emergency contacts. The operations are controlled modules, which use the time it takes for the signals
by cloud. to reach them to determine their distances from
them. This process enables the GPS module to
B. OBJECTIVES
determine its precise position on Earth. The GPS
• Stolen vehicle recovery without extra cost. module provides output data in the form of a
• Providing faster emergency services. standardized string format known as the National
• Vehicle security and smooth fleet Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) format
management. [2].
• Reduced number of road accidents. The module's Tx pin is used to send the
output serially, typically at a 9600 baud rate. The
III. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS NMEA string produced by the GPS module is
made up of a number of parameters, such as
A. ARDUINO longitude, latitude, altitude, time, and more, which
The Arduino Uno is a popular are all separated by commas. Each NMEA string
microcontroller board known for its versatility and has a dollar sign ($) at the beginning and a carriage
wide range of applications. This board's open- return/line feed at the end. By receiving and
source foundation makes it a popular option for parsing these NMEA strings, applications and
both hobbyists and electronics aficionados. The devices can extract and utilize the valuable location
Arduino Uno offers plenty of versatility for and timing information provided by the GPS
connecting numerous sensors, actuators, and other module. This allows for a wide range of
electronic components thanks to its 14 digital input applications, including navigation systems, asset
and output pins and 6 analogue inputs. It features a tracking, surveying, and many others that rely on
16 MHz ceramic resonator that ensures accurate accurate positioning data [2].
timing and 2 synchronization. The board is C. GSM MODULE
equipped with a USB connection, enabling easy
communication with a computer, and it also has a An electrical component known as a GSM
power jack and ICSP header for additional or GPRS module is used to establish
connectivity options. To start using The Arduino communication between a mobile phone or
Uno is easily powered by an AC-to-DC adapter or computer and a GSM or GPRS network. This
battery and may be connected to a computer with a module can be created to act as a mobile phone
USB wire. This all-inclusive board includes with GSM modem capabilities, or it can be
everything necessary to support the constructed to function as a dedicated modem
microcontroller, making it a convenient and user- device with a serial, USB, or Bluetooth connection.
friendly choice for electronic projects of all kinds In order to interact with a processor or controller,
[1]. the module requires AT commands, which are
transmitted through serial communication. These
commands enable the processor or controller to

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

control the module and perform various functions, essential elements, including a text editor created
such as sending and receiving SMS messages or especially for writing Arduino code. A message
making phone calls [3]. area, a text terminal, a toolbar with common tasks,
and a number of menus for simple navigation and
D. ACCELEROMETER
functionality are all available to users within the
All things considered, an accelerometer is IDE. One of the primary functions of the Arduino
an electromechanical device that calculates IDE is to establish a connection between the
quickening powers. These forces might be either software and the Arduino hardware. This
static, like the constant force that gravity has on the connection allows users to upload their programs
body, or dynamic, like any vibrations on the directly to the Arduino board and establish
accelerometer. Different mechanisms are used by communication with it. By utilizing the appropriate
accelerometers. One such method is piezoelectric communication protocol, the IDE enables seamless
impact, which uses gem-like tiny structures to interaction between the software and the hardware
generate voltages when accelerative forces strike components [1].
against them [3].
H. ANDROID STUDIO
E. ALCOHOL SENSOR
Android Studio is the name of the official
The alcohol sensor, known as an MQ3 integrated development environment (IDE) that
sensor, is designed to detect the presence of ethanol Google developed and made available for the
in the air. When a person who has consumed creation of Android apps. A complete collection of
alcohol breathes near the sensor, it can accurately tools and capabilities is offered by the IDE for
identify the ethanol in their breath and generate an Android app development, which streamlines the
output signal that corresponds to the concentration development process. It enables developers to
of alcohol. The MQ3 sensor operates using a semi design, build, run, and test Android applications
resistor, which means its electrical resistance efficiently, fostering productivity and aiding in the
changes in response to specific gases. When the creation of high-quality software for the Android
sensor comes into contact with ethanol vapor, the platform [3].
resistance of its sensing element undergoes a
modification. This change in resistance is then IV. LITERATURE SURVEY
measured and translated into an output signal that Accident Prevention and Alert System using
reflects the amount of alcohol present in the air [3]. Arduino using IoT technology: which was
published by Aswin, Sujitha, 3 Archunan, Sandhya
F. EYE BLINK SENSOR
Devi R in the IRJET journal in 2021. The paper
Using infrared (IR) waves, this eye blink was proposed towards generation of alerts and
sensor operates. It has an IR receiver as well as a alarms using Buzzers and LEDs in case of
transmitter. The eye blink sensor uses infrared light accidents. Arduino-Home which is available on the
to illuminate the eye and tracks variations in the Arduino.cc website. The paper was published by
reflected light. The outcomes are ascertained by Arduino itself and was intended towards the use of
using the infrared light reflected from the eye [3]. Arduino Uno R3 and circuit design.
G. ARDUINO IDE An Arduino Based Automatic Accident Detection
and Location Communication System: The paper
An all-inclusive environment for
was focused towards implementation of Vehicle
programming Arduino boards is provided by the
Tracking using GSM/GPS/GPRS automatic alerts.
Arduino Integrated Development Environment
(IDE), a piece of software. It offers a number of

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

IoT in Connected Cars: Challenges and Chances will be brought back in control. This all is
which was published by B. Lakshmipraba, V.G. monitored by a cloud service remotely. The data
Shivakumar in IJEAT in 2019. The findings of the from the vehicle will be sent to the emergency
paper are uses of IoT in vehicles and their use cases contacts which includes the Police control room
in various scenarios and challenges. and Ambulance Unit by default.
Research Study on Advanced Driver- Assistance The user can add their family or friends in
Systems (ADAS) IRJETS in 2021. The paper the emergency contacts also. The vehicle unit
consisted of implementation and working principle incorporates various sensors and preventive
of ADAS system. measures to enhance safety and prevent accidents.
It collects and processes data, including vehicle
Cloud Computing Arduino Cloud IoT Integration
statistics, sensor readings, alerts, and location
with REST API published by Nemese Kalubi,
coordinates. This data is then stored in the cloud for
Sayeed Sajal in IEEE Xplore in 2022. The paper
future research and investigations. A temperature
was intended towards to connect an Arduino to a
sensor, an eye blink sensor, and an alcohol sensor
cloud to share and monitor data.
are all included in the vehicle unit.
V. IMPLEMENTATION
The driver's breath alcohol content is
An activity is a screen where the user picked up by the alcohol sensor. The motor is
interacts with their phone, according to this allowed to operate, signaling that the car is
definition. Activities include widgets that aid in the prepared to be driven if the detected alcohol
communication of information, such as buttons, concentration is below a predetermined level. The
text fields, photos, etc. motor is shut off, stopping the driver from
operating the car if alcohol is found above the
The Main Activity, the only activity used in
threshold. To address driver drowsiness, the eye
this tutorial, will accept user input to send to the
blink sensor continuously monitors the driver's eye
Arduino and display the text that is received. Both
movements. If signs of drowsiness are detected,
the Bluetooth app and the USB app will have the
such as prolonged eye closure or reduced blink
same layout. It's a straightforward one, with the
frequency, the system activates an alert
bare minimum of widgets needed to test the
mechanism. This includes activating a buzzer and
devices' connectivity. Looking at any libraries that
illuminating red-colored LED lights to alert the
handle all of this automatically because setting up
driver and prevent potential accidents.
a serial connection in Android is fairly difficult
because you have to manually specify a lot of The vehicle unit also incorporates a
things. List any additional permissions the app may temperature sensor to monitor the engine's
need in the manifest. The only thing required is the temperature continuously. If the temperature
go-ahead to turn the phone into a USB host. It has exceeds a predetermined threshold, the system
the three phases: Pre accident, Post-accident and triggers alerts to notify the driver about the high
Reporting. engine temperature. This helps in preventing
engine damage and potential breakdowns.
As you can see, the engine will not start if
Furthermore, the vehicle unit includes an
the driver is drunk and an alert will be generated.
accelerometer that constantly measures the
In case the vehicle is running, the temperature
vehicle's position and movement. If irregular or
sensor, gyroscope, eyeblink sensor, accelerometer
abrupt changes in the vehicle's position are
and GPS module will continuously keep a track of
detected, it implies potential accidents or theft.
the respective parameters. If any of them goes out
of limit, the ADAS will be triggered and vehicle

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 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

In such cases, a GPS location tracker is safety, the system can incorporate sensors capable
activated, providing real-time coordinates of the of detecting living things, such as pedestrians or
vehicle's location. The system utilizes a GSM SIM animals, that may be crossing in front of the
module to transmit the latitude, longitude, and vehicle. By identifying and recognizing these
Google Maps position to an emergency contact living objects, the system can issue alerts or take
number for immediate assistance. It's important to preventive measures to avoid potential accidents.
note that the description provided is for illustrative This capability has the potential to save countless
purposes only, and the implementation and lives and prevent numerous accidents. It's worth
performance of such a system may vary based on noting that the implementation and specific
specific requirements and technologies employed. features of the system may vary based on
technological constraints and requirements.
VI. APPLICATION
However, the integration of an accident alert
• The free recovery of stolen vehicles. system, theft prevention measures, autonomous
• Providing emergency services more speed restriction, live tracking, and the ability to
quickly. detect living things can collectively contribute to a
• Monitoring trucks transporting expensive significant reduction in accidents and enhanced
products. road safety.
• Tracking of food and home delivery status. VIII. CONCLUSION
• Fleet efficiency and vehicle security.
The focus on vehicle safety has grown as
science and technology continue to advance in the
VII. FUTURE SCOPE twenty-first century. Drunk driving, sleepy drivers,
and overheated engines that catch fire are the
The proposed system demonstrates biggest contributors to accidents. Implementing the
significant efficacy in reducing road accidents and project will help to lessen accidents brought on by
addressing the issue of over speeding in restricted the aforementioned factor. The system is energy-
zones. It combines both an accident alert system efficient, low-cost, and automatic, making vehicle
and a theft prevention system to enhance overall installation straightforward. An emergency unit
safety. Unlike existing projects, this system can be deployed to a specific location and informed
incorporates autonomous speed restriction of it using a GSM module and GPS. This helps to
measures within the vehicle itself. By save several lives by promptly informing the
implementing this feature, the system can rescuer. Overall, this technology is simple to install
proactively prevent accidents caused by excessive in all cars, targets average people, and is reasonably
speeding. The vehicle's speed is monitored and priced. This system has great scope which can be
controlled to ensure it stays within safe limits, implemented on a large scale by medical teams and
particularly in areas with speed restrictions. This police authorities together to address and handle
proactive approach significantly reduces the accident cases more efficiently.
likelihood of accidents occurring due to over
speeding. Additionally, the system can be
augmented with a live tracking feature in a mobile
application. This allows real-time monitoring of
the vehicle's speed and location. By integrating this
functionality, users can actively keep track of their
vehicle's movements, providing an added layer of
safety and 4 convenience. To further enhance

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21735 | Page 5

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May - 2023 SJIF 2023: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930

References

[1] N. P. Ancy John, International Conference on

Electronics, Communication and Aerospace
Technology IEEE 2020., 2020.

[2] M. A. S. S. U. I. C. M. S. M. A. S. K. Bilal Khalid Dar,

Special Section On Mobile Edge Computing And
Mobile Cloud Computing,IEEE, 2019.

[3] kumar, Manish, Kant, Akshat, Kaktan, Punit,

Bishno, R. Upadhyay and Kapil, IEEE, 2021.

[4] G. Maps, “GPS coordinates, latitude and

longitude,” Gpscoordinates.net, 2019.

[5] circuitdigest.com, “Interfacing-mq3-alcohol-

sensor-with-arduino,” 2022.

© 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM21735 | Page 6

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X (www.ijsrst.com)
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52310369

Smart Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting

using Arduino
Afsha Akkalkot2, Srujan Garde1, Kishori Patil1, Janhavi Asware1, Kapaleshwar Patil1
1BE Students, Department of Computer Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Pune,
Maharashtra, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Pune,
Maharashtra, India

ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT

Article History: Numerous people lose their lives in traffic accidents every day. In India,
4,80,652 traffic accidents resulted in a total of 1,51,113 fatalities in 2019. In
Accepted: 05 May 2023
terms of road accident deaths, India currently retains the top rank.
Published: 20 May 2023
Excessive speed was the primary cause of fatalities in road accidents. To
save the lives of several injured accident victims, this is a serious problem
that needs to be remedied. In order to address the ongoing challenges
Publication Issue surrounding automobile accidents, various automobile companies have
Volume 10, Issue 3 implemented a range of safety systems, including safety airbags, seat belts,
May-June-2023 camera sensors, and more. Despite these efforts, the root causes of accidents
and their resulting effects have proven difficult to mitigate entirely. To
Page Number tackle this persistent issue effectively, there is an urgent need for a
comprehensive system that can automatically detect accidents as they
292-301
occur. This system would play a crucial role in promptly communicating
vital information about the accident and its precise location to both nearby
hospitals and concerned relatives without any delays. When a car has an
accident, the accelerometer immediately provides data to the Arduino,
which then sends the alarm message through the GSM MODULE, including
the location that is identified by the GPS MODULE, to recently saved crisis
contacts.
Keywords:- Arduino, Gas Sensor, Eye Blink Sensor, Accelerometer, GSM &
GPS Module, Buzzer, LED

I. INTRODUCTION accidents. Due to a lack of timely preventive and

safety facilities, this damages the property and results
The use of vehicles has significantly increased in the in human life loss. The proposed embedded system
modern world, which has increased traffic volume takes the necessary precautions to prevent accidents
and, in turn, contributed to an increase in road from happening. As the position was provided to the

Copyright: © 2023, the author(s), publisher and licensee Technoscience Academy. This is an open-access article distributed 292
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
 Afsha Akkalkot et al Int J Sci Res Sci & Technol. May-June-2023, 10 (3) : 292-301

emergency services' smart devices with mobile Kumari, Pulakesh Roy, Rajib Banerjee in IEEE Xlpore
network accessibility coupled with a link to a Google in 2020. The paper was focused towards
Map, they could quickly locate the area. implementation of Vehicle Tracking using
Approximately 1214 road accidents occurring every GSM/GPS/GPRS automatic alerts.
day. Major road accidents in India are caused due to IoT in Connected Cars: Challenges and Chances
the over speeding and violation of traffic rules. which was published by B. Lakshmipraba, V.G.
The road accident rates are increasing day by day due Shivakumar in IJEAT in 2019. The findings of the
to large numbers of vehicle running on the road. In paper are uses of IoT in vehicles and their use cases in
all these Vehicles, the speed control needs to be various scenarios and challenges.
implemented. Here is the new idea of ours to install Research Study on Advanced Driver- Assistance
an automated speed control system in the vehicles to Systems (ADAS) published by J. Anand, A. Manoj
control the speed mainly in the restricted areas like Kumar, K. Naresh, G. Janakiraman on IRJETS in 2021.
school, college zones etc. In the event of an accident, The paper consisted of implementation and working
the accelerometer picks it up, GPS is used to principle of ADAS system.
determine the location, and then a GSM module is Cloud Computing Arduino Cloud IoT Integration
used to communicate the information to the police with REST API published by Nemese Kalubi, Sayeed
and ambulance service. The message received on a Sajal in IEEE Xplore in 2022. The paper was intended
mobile device includes the address of the accident towards to connect an Arduino to a cloud to share
site in the form of a Google Maps link, which will and monitor data.
assist emergency services like ambulance services and
police stations in quickly reaching the victim and III.LITERATURE REVIEW
saving lives. Additionally, the information that the
sensors have stored can be used later to look into the 3.1. Existing System
accident. Since the system is being watched over by a Using Arduino to create a smart accident detection,
cloud, several criminal behaviors can be traced and reporting, and prevention system. Alcohol/gas sensors,
observed. In the event of a chase or other emergency, eye- blinking sensors, and other sensors are employed
the cloud service can remotely stop or lock the car. since these two factors account for the majority of
accidents: drunk driving and driver inattention.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY Following this, automatic notification of emergency
contacts is made in the event of accident detection.
Accident Prevention and Alert System using Arduino car recovery after theft at no additional expense.
using IoT technology which was published by Aswin, Delivering emergency assistance more quickly. safety
Sujitha, Archunan, Sandhya Devi R in the IRJET of the vehicles and efficient fleet management.
journal in 2021. The paper was proposed towards decreased number of traffic collisions. Any car can
generation of alerts and alarms using Buzzers and easily and inexpensively have the system installed.
LEDs in case of accidents. Arduino-Home which is Additionally, ADAS compatibility for autonomous
available on the Arduino.cc website. steering and braking is possible. This would be useful
The paper was published by Arduino itself and was for observing, checking, and looking into several
intended towards the use of Arduino Uno R3 and illicit actions.
circuit design. An Arduino Based Automatic Accident
Detection and Location Communication System
which was published by Souvik Roy, Akanksha

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 Afsha Akkalkot et al Int J Sci Res Sci & Technol. May-June-2023, 10 (3) : 292-301

3.2. Proposed System 4.1.2. GPS Module :-

When a collision occurs, the accelerometer detects it The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-
up, GPS is used to determine the location, and then a based system that determines and records its position
GSM module is used to communicate the information on Earth using both the ground and satellites. GPS
to the police and ambulance service. The message receivers receive data signals from GPS satellites and
received on a mobile device includes the address of learn their best practices from the satellites.
the accident site in the form of a Google Maps link, By calculating the amount of time needed for the sign
which will help rescue agencies, such as ambulance to travel from the satellite to the beneficiary, this is
services and police stations, reach the victim swiftly completed. The GPS beneficiary module provides
and save lives. The system will carry out preliminary output in the NMEA string format, which is the
inspections to help prevent accidents, and in the industry standard. It provides yield on the Tx pin
event of an incident, quick reporting is carried out to sequentially at the standard 9600 baud rate. The
help prevent loss of life. In addition, our established NMEA string for this GPS recipient contains a
system will aid in the surveillance and detection of number of parameters, such as longitude, range,
crimes involving vehicles, such as auto theft, elevation, time, and so on. Every string starts with a
excessive speeding, and drug trafficking. dollar symbol ($) and ends with a carriage return or
line feed.
IV.REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

4.1. Hardware Requirement Specification

4.1.1. Arduino :-
It is a board-based microcontroller called the Arduino
Uno. Six analogue inputs, fourteen digital input and
output pins, a reset button, a power jack, an ICSP
header, a USB port, and a 16 MHz ceramic resonator
are all included. Simply put in a USB cable, an AC-to-
DC adapter, or a battery to start using it; it already
FIG : GPS Module
includes everything required to support the
microcontroller.
4.1.3. GSM Module :-
The open-source Arduino platform is mostly used to
A chip or circuit known as a GSM or GPRS module
develop electronic projects. UNO is the board that is
can be used by a cell phone or cash register to
used the most.
communicate with a GSM or GPRS framework. A
GSM modem can be a standalone modem that
connects via serial, USB, or Bluetooth, or it can be a
cell phone with GSM modem functionality. It
requires AT instructions, which are given through
sequential correspondence, in order to cooperate with
the processor or controller.

FIG : Arduino

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 Afsha Akkalkot et al Int J Sci Res Sci & Technol. May-June-2023, 10 (3) : 292-301

FIG : Alcohol Sensor

FIG : GSM Module

4.1.6. Eye Blink Sensor: -
This eye-blink sensor employs infrared technology
4.1.4. Accelerometer: -
and features an IR transmitter as well as an IR
All things considered, an accelerometer is an
receiver. The eye blink sensor shines infrared light
electromechanical device that calculates quickening
into the eye and measures variations in the reflected
powers. These forces might be either static, like the
light. The results are determined using the infrared
constant force that gravity has on the body, or
light reflected from the eye.
dynamic, like any vibrations on the accelerometer.
Different mechanisms are used by accelerometers.
One such method is piezoelectric impact, which uses
gem-like tiny structures to generate voltages when
accelerative forces strike against them.

FIG : Eye Blink Sensor

4.1.7. Buzzer and LEDs

A mix of buzzers and LEDs can be employed in
FIG : Accelerometer accident detection and prevention systems to alert
drivers to prospective hazards and risky driving
4.1.5. Alcohol Sensor: - practices. For instance, the Arduino can use the
The alcohol sensor, also known as a MQ3 sensor, buzzer to sound an alarm and the LEDs to flash a
detects the presence of ethanol in the environment. warning signal to inform the driver to take a break or
When a drunk individual breathes near an alcohol find a designated driver if the eye blink sensor detects
sensor, the sensor detects the ethanol in their breath that the driver is starting to get sleepy.
and offers data based on the amount of alcohol in the The Arduino may also use the buzzer to sound an
breath. More LEDs would illuminate if the alcohol alarm and the LEDs to flash a warning signal to deter
percentage was higher. the driver from getting behind the wheel if the
alcohol sensor determines that the driver has drank
alcohol.

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data can include the vehicle statistics, sensor readings,

alerts, and the location coordinates of the vehicle.
A buzzer and red-light LEDs alert the driver, and
alcohol, eye blink, and temperature sensors help
prevent accidents. First, an alcohol sensor measures
the driver's blood alcohol content; if it is less than a
certain level, the motor turns on and the automobile
is ready to drive. When alcohol is detected, the motor
FIG : Buzzer And LEDs
shuts down. Similarly, the eye blink sensor detects
fatigue in the driver and informs him or her with a
4.2. Software Requirement Specification
buzzer and red LED lights. The microcontroller is
4.2.1. Arduino IDE: -
constantly updated with the coordinates of the car's
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
position by the accelerometer in the vehicle unit. If it
(IDE), often known as the Arduino software, has a
is found at random, the GPS location tracker follows
code editor, a message area, a text console, a toolbar
it and uses GSM to communicate the latitude,
with basic function buttons, and a variety of menus.
longitude, and position on Google Maps to emergency
It links to the Arduino hardware to upload and
numbers.
communicate with programmers.

Block diagram
4.2.2. Android Studio: -
Google created and made available the official
integrated development environment (IDE) for
producing Android apps, known as Android Studio.
Using the tools given by an IDE, programmers may
simply design, install, run, and test software, in this
case Android apps.

V. METHODOLOGY

The system has the three phases: Pre accident, Post-

accident and Reporting. As you can see, the engine
will not start if the driver is drunk and an alert will
be generated. In case the vehicle is running, the
temperature sensor, gyroscope, eyeblink sensor,
accelerometer and GPS module will continuously
keep a track of the respective parameters. If any of
them goes out of limit, the ADAS will be triggered
and vehicle will be brought back in control. The data
from the vehicle will be sent to the emergency FIG : Block Diagram
contacts which includes the Police control room and
Ambulance Unit by default. The user can add their
family or friends in the emergency contacts also. This

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VI.IMPLEMENTATION System Architecture :

In Android, an activity is a screen on which the user

interacts with the phone. It uses widgets such as
buttons, text forms, and images to communicate data.
The main activity, which delivers user input to the
Arduino and displays received text, is the center of
the tutorial. To test device connectivity, both the
USB and Bluetooth apps use the same layout. The
programmer requires additional permissions, which
are listed in the manifest, such as making the phone a
USB host.
The system has three phases: Pre-accident, Post-
accident, and Reporting. The engine won't start if the FIG : System Architecture
driver is drunk, generating an alert. While the
vehicle is running, sensors like temperature, The architecture consists of 2 phases:
gyroscope, eyeblink, accelerometer, and GPS Pre-ignition. Post-ignition.
continuously monitor relevant parameters. If any
parameter exceeds limits, the ADAS (Advanced Pre-ignition:
Driver Assistance System) triggers to regain control. At this stage, the system will do a check to prevent
A cloud service remotely monitors this data, which is the accident. The precautions taken here are:
also sent to emergency contacts (default: police Alcohol sensor checks the alcohol level through
control room and ambulance unit). Users can add breath of the driver. If the alcohol concentration is
their own family or friends as emergency contacts. below the threshold, the engine will start and if the
The data includes vehicle statistics, sensor readings, level exceeds the threshold, the engine will not start
alerts, and location coordinates, stored in the cloud and an alert will be generated for the driver as well as
for future analysis. for the police. If found drunk, the system reports the
The vehicle unit incorporates preventive measures same to the police with the location of the vehicle.
such as an alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor, and
temperature sensor. The alcohol sensor detects Post-ignition:
alcohol concentration in the driver's breath, This would do a continuous check during the vehicle
preventing vehicle operation if it exceeds a threshold. is running. The precautions taken here are:
The eye blink sensor alerts the driver with a buzzer Eye-blink sensor will keep a track of the eye of driver.
and red LEDs if signs of drowsiness are detected. The If found sleepy, the engine will stop and a buzzer will
temperature sensor continuously monitors the be triggered to wake up the driver.
engine's temperature and triggers alerts if it surpasses • Accelerometer: If an accident occurs, the speed
a predefined threshold. An accelerometer provides of the vehicle will immediately change to zero.
vehicle position data, and if irregular movement is The accelerometer reads this and detects it as an
detected, a GPS location tracker activates and sends accident. The same is reported to emergency
latitude, longitude, and Google Maps position to an services and contacts with the location.
emergency number using a GSM SIM module. • Temperature sensor: The temperature sensor
alerts if the engine is over-heated. In case of

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accident and fire, the temperature sensor will analyze the movement of vehicle. And temperature
alert the fire department also. sensor is used for the measure the temperature of
• Gyroscope: The gyroscope is used to determine vehicle for detecting overheating.
the position of vehicle in 3D space. This will
determine if the vehicle is collapsed or turned-
over due to accident. It will help emergency
services to plan their rescue.
The system is cheap and easy to install on any vehicle.
It can also be made compatible with ADAS for
automatic steering and braking. This would be
helpful to monitor, inspect and investigate many
criminal activities as well.

Flow Chart :

Fig .1

Now, we connect the GPS Module with help of

jumper wires. Also Connect the alcohol Sensor. to
detect the presence of alcohol in a driver's breath and
alert them if they are under the influence of alcohol.
A GPS module can be used in an accident detection
and prevention system to provide accurate location
data for the vehicle. When a person who has
consumed alcohol breathes near the sensor, it can
accurately identify the ethanol in their breath and
generate an output signal that corresponds to the
concentration of alcohol.

FIG : Flow Chart

VII. RESULTS

Firstly, connect the Eye-blink sensor, Accelerometer

and temperature sensors on the breadboard as shown
in the figure. Where eye-blink sensor is used to
monitor the driver's drowsiness level and alert them
when they are becoming too sleepy to continue
driving safely. Accelerometer is used to detect the
speed and report the position of vehicle and also Fig .2

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module was used. In the event of a collision, the car

Connected all remaining sensors such as GSM tilts, and the accelerometer alters the values of its
Module, Arduino, LED display and buzzer to the axes. Arduino reads these numbers and decides if any
breadboard. Done with all connections required for of the axes change. If there is a change, Arduino reads
the implementation. A GSM module can be used in the coordinates by extracting the $GPGGA String
an accident detection and prevention system to from the GPS module data (see above for an
provide cellular network connectivity for the system. explanation of how GPS works) and sends an SMS to
In an accident detection and prevention system, a a predefined number with the accident site
combination of buzzer and LEDs can be used to coordinates to the police, an ambulance, or a family
provide visual and audio feedback to the driver about member. The message also contains a Google Map
potential hazards and unsafe driving behavior link to the accident scene, allowing you to easily
follow its whereabouts. When we receive the
message, we just click the link, which takes us to a
Google map where we can see the exact location of
the car. The vehicle's speed in knots (1.852 KPH) is
also included in the SMS and displayed on the LCD.
An activity is a screen on which the user interacts
with the phone. Widgets such as buttons, text fields,
photos, and so on are included in activities to aid in
the flow of information. This tutorial will only use
one activity, the Main Activity, which will accept
user input and communicate it to the Arduino.
According to this definition, an activity is a screen on
which the user interacts with their phone. Widgets
that aid in information communication, such as
buttons, text boxes, and images, are examples of
activities. The only activity utilised in this tutorial is
the Main Activity, which will accept user input to
Fig .3
transmit to the Arduino and display the text that is
received. The layout of both the Bluetooth and USB
The above diagram illustrates how our system is
apps will be the same. It's a simple one, with only the
implemented. The model includes all of the sensors,
bare minimum of widgets required to test the devices'
input devices, warning devices, and reporting system
connectivity. I was seeking libraries that handle all of
connected to the Arduino UNO R3, which serves as
this automatically because setting up a serial
our primary processing unit, via a breadboard. The
connection in Android is tricky because you have to
vehicle's coordinates are discovered using a GPS
provide a lot of stuff manually.
receiver, and an SMS alert with the coordinates and a
It has the three phases: Pre accident, Post-accident
link to a Google Map is sent using a GSM module. For
and Reporting. As you can see, the engine will not
the purpose of detecting an accident or an abrupt
start if the driver is drunk and an alert will be
shift in any axis, the accelerometer ADXL335 is used.
generated. In case the vehicle is running, the
Additionally, status messages or coordinates are
temperature sensor, gyroscope, eyeblink sensor,
shown on an optional 16x2 LCD The SIM28ML GPS
accelerometer and GPS module will continuously

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keep a track of the respective parameters. If any of tracker is engaged and provides current coordinates
them goes out of limit, the ADAS will be triggered for the location of the car. To send the latitude,
and vehicle will be brought back in control. This all is longitude, and Google Maps position to an emergency
monitored by a cloud service remotely. The contact number for prompt assistance, the system
emergency contacts, which by default include the makes use of a GSM SIM module.
police control center and the ambulance unit, will It's crucial to remember that the description supplied
receive the data from the car. The user can add their is simply meant to serve as an illustration and that the
family or friends in the emergency contacts also. The implementation and performance of such a system
vehicle unit incorporates various sensors and may vary depending on the precise needs and
preventive measures to enhance safety and prevent technologies used.
accidents. It collects and processes data, including
vehicle statistics, sensor readings, alerts, and location VIII. APPLICATION
coordinates. This data is then stored in the cloud for
future research and investigations. An accident detection and prevention system using
A temperature sensor, an eye blink sensor, and an Arduino can have various applications, including:
alcohol sensor are all included in the vehicle unit.
The alcohol sensor detects the alcohol concentration 1. Free Stolen Vehicle Retrieval: Our system
in the driver's breath. The motor is allowed to includes a built-in feature for recovering stolen
operate, signaling that the car is prepared to be driven vehicles at no additional cost. If your vehicle is
if the detected alcohol concentration is below a stolen, you can track its location using the GPS
predetermined level. The motor is shut off, stopping module and promptly notify the authorities. This
the driver from operating the car if alcohol is found ensures a higher likelihood of recovering your
above the threshold. vehicle quickly and minimizing financial loss.
To address driver drowsiness, the eye blink sensor 2. Enhanced Emergency Response: By utilizing our
continuously monitors the driver's eye movements. If vehicle safety system, emergency services can be
signs of drowsiness are detected, such as prolonged dispatched faster in case of accidents or
eye closure or reduced blink frequency, the system emergencies. The system automatically sends
activates an alert mechanism. This includes activating alerts to the police control room and ambulance
a buzzer and illuminating red-colored LED lights to unit, providing them with real-time vehicle data,
alert the driver and prevent potential accidents. including location coordinates. This enables
The vehicle unit also incorporates a temperature swift and targeted response, potentially saving
sensor to monitor the engine's temperature lives and reducing the severity of injuries.
continuously. If the temperature exceeds a 3. Comprehensive Vehicle Security and Efficient
predetermined threshold, the system triggers alerts to Fleet Management: Our system offers robust
notify the driver about the high engine temperature. vehicle security features, ensuring the safety of
This helps in preventing engine damage and potential your vehicles and facilitating smooth fleet
breakdowns. management. With sensors such as
The vehicle unit also has an accelerometer that accelerometers, temperature sensors, and GPS
continuously records the position and motion of the modules, you can monitor various aspects of
vehicle. The detection of sudden or erratic changes in your vehicles in real time. This helps prevent
the position of the vehicle suggests potential theft or theft, unauthorized use, and potential
accidents. In such circumstances, a GPS position

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 Afsha Akkalkot et al Int J Sci Res Sci & Technol. May-June-2023, 10 (3) : 292-301

breakdowns, while also enabling effective fleet X. REFERENCES

tracking and optimization.
4. Promoting Road Safety and Accident Prevention: [1]. N. P. Ancy John, International Conference on
The implementation of our system contributes to Electronics, Communication and Aerospace
a reduction in the number of road accidents. By Technology IEEE 2020., 2020.
continuously monitoring parameters such as [2]. M. A. S. S. U. I. C. M. S. M. A. S. K. Bilal Khalid
temperature, gyroscope, eye blink, and Dar, Special Section On Mobile Edge Computing
accelerometer, potential risks or driver fatigue And Mobile Cloud Computing,IEEE, 2019.
can be detected early. [3]. kumar, Manish, Kant, Akshat, Kaktan, Punit,
This allows for timely alerts and interventions, Bishno, R. Upadhyay and Kapil, IEEE, 2021.
helping drivers maintain control and avoid hazardous [4]. G. Maps, “GPS coordinates, latitude and
situations, ultimately leading to a safer driving longitude,” Gpscoordinates.net, 2019.
experience for all road users. [5]. circuitdigest.com, “Interfacing-mq3-alcohol-
sensor-with- arduino,” 2022.
IX. CONCLUSION

In the 21st century, the continuous advancement of

Cite This Article :
science and technology has led to a heightened focus
on vehicle safety. Drunk driving, drowsy driving, and
Afsha Akkalkot, Srujan Garde, Kishori Patil,
engine overheating resulting in fires are significant
Janhavi Asware, Kapaleshwar Patil, " Smart
causes of accidents. The implementation of this
Accident Detection, Prevention and Reporting
project aims to mitigate accidents caused by these
using Arduino ", International Journal of Scientific
factors. Automatic, economical, and energy- efficient Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST),
technology makes for simple installation in Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X,
automobiles. Volume 10, Issue 3, pp.292-301, May-June-2023.
By integrating a GSM module and GPS, the system Available at doi :
enables the transmission of emergency alerts to https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST52310369
specific locations, notifying rescue units promptly. Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST52310369
This timely alert mechanism plays a crucial role in
saving numerous lives. The system is designed for
regular individuals, offering affordability and
simplicity of installation across all automobiles. Its
versatility allows for application in various scenarios.
The potential of this system extends beyond
individual users, as it can be adopted on a larger scale
by medical teams and law enforcement authorities.
This collaborative approach enhances the efficiency
of addressing and managing accident cases. By
leveraging the capabilities of this system, these
entities can effectively respond to emergencies,
ultimately saving more lives.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (www.ijsrst.com) | Volume 10 | Issue 3 178
 ZEAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
ZEAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH
NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Program Educational Objectives:

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solutions, and implement them correctly and efficiently.
PEO2: Learners will provide solutions to challenging problems by applying Computer Engineering
theory and principles, as well as fundamentals of computing science and mathematics with the
consideration of cost, safety, environmental, social, and human factors.
PEO3: Learners will be able to function as a responsible member of society with the willingness to
mentor fellow employees and an understanding of the ethical and economic impact of their work in a
global context.
PEO4: To improve their knowledge and skills through lifelong learning and graduate studies for
adapting to rapidly changing work environment and succeed in their careers and/or obtain advanced
degrees.
PEO5: Learners will be able to imply principles and practices of computer engineering to successfully
complete hardware and/or software-related engineering projects to meet customer business
objectives and/or productively engage in research.