(MAYANK SHARMA_20102034_A2)
EXPERIMENT-8
AIM
To verify the Brewster's law and to find the Brewster's angle
FORMULA USED
μ2 is the refractive index of the reflecting surface
μ1 is the refractive index of the surrounding medium.
refracted ray so produced will be partially polarized.
As the refractive index changes the polarizing angle differs but it is independent of the
wavelength of light used.
OBSERVATIONS
Least Count of Glass Plate = Distance between consecutive readings / No. of division
between readings
= 100/10
= 10
No. Medium Reflecting Surface Observed Calculated Deviation
Brewster’s Brewster’s
Angle (0) Angle (0)
1. Air(μ=1) Topaz (µ2 =1.607) 58.1 58.11 0.01
Crown Glass 56.7 56.66 0.04
(µ2=1.52)
Flint Glass (µ2 = 1.57) 57.5 57.51 0.01
2. Helium Topaz (µ2 =1.607) 58.1 58.11 0.01
(µ1=1.000036)
Crown Glass 56.7 56.66 0.04
(µ2=1.52)
Flint Glass (µ2 = 1.57) 57.5 57.51 0.01
3. Hydrogen Topaz (µ2 =1.607) 58.1 58.10 0
(µ1=1.000132)
Crown Glass 56.7 56.66 0.04
(µ2=1.52)
Flint Glass (µ2 = 1.57) 57.5 57.5 0
4. Carbon Dioxide Topaz (µ2 =1.607) 58.1 58.10 0
(µ1=1.00045)
Crown Glass 56.7 56.65 0.04
(µ2=1.52)
Flint Glass (µ2 = 1.57) 57.5 57.49 0.01
FOR CROWN GLASS (µ2=1.52), MEDIUM = AIR(μ=1)
No. Angle of Rotation (0) Current(μA)
1. 0 10.992
2. 10 10.9208
3. 12.5 10.8688
4. 21 10.4074
5. 30.5 8.8144
6. 34.5 7.6418
7. 36 7.1266
8. 38.5 6.1944
9. 42.2 4.7162
10. 48 2.5349
11. 49.5 2.0765
12. 52 1.471
13. 54.5 1.1031
14. 55 1.061
15. 56.2 1.0047
16. 56.6 1.0001
17. 56.7 1.000
18. 61.5 1.5074
19. 63 1.8547
20. 68.5 3.677
21. 70 4.2666
22. 77.5 7.1909
23. 86 9.5237
CALCULATIONS
Medium= air, glass used = crown Glass (µ2=1.52)
θB= tan -1(μ2/μ1) = tan -1 (1.52/1) = 56.66 0
by finding the Minima of graph we can find the angle which is = 56.70
Current Vs rotation of Glass Plate
12
10
8
Current(μA)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Rotation Of Glass Plate(in degree)
Crown Glass(µ2=1.52)
When surrounding medium is air(µ=1):
Topaz (µ2 =1.607):
θB = tan -1(μ2/μ1) = tan -1 (1.607/1)=58.11 0
Crown Glass (µ2 =1.52):
θB = tan -1(μ2/μ1) = tan -1 (1.52/1) = 56.66 0
Flint Glass (µ2 =1.57):
θB = tan -1(μ2/μ1) = tan -1 (1.57/1) = 57.51 0
RESULTS
The Brewster’s angle for Topaz in Air, Helium, Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide is
58.1o.
The Brewster’s angle for Crown Glass in Air, Helium, Hydrogen and Carbon-Dioxide
is 56.7o.
The Brewster’s angle for Flint Glass in Air, Helium, Hydrogen and
Carbon-Dioxide is 57.5o.
SNAPSHOTS
