Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

LAOANG CAMPUS
Laoang, Northern Samar
Web: http://uep.edu.ph; Email: [email protected]

Subject Mathematics LAS No. 2 Date of Submission Oct. 01, 2024

Teacher Jovilou A. Parane Quarter 1st Grade Level Grade 10
Student

GEOMETRIC MEANS

In previous lesson, we defined a geometric sequence as a sequence in which each

successive term is obtained from the preceding term by multiplying it by a fixed number called the
common ratio. To get the common ratio, divide the succeeding term by its preceding term.

In the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, the terms 4, 8, and 16 are the three geometric means between
2 and 32. The terms between two given terms in a geometric sequence are called geometric
means.

Example:
a. Insert two geometric means between 7 and 875.
b. Find the geometric mean between 7 and 63.

Solution:
a. There are four terms in the given sequence: 7, __, __, 875
First, find r using the formula:
a4 = a1r4-1
875 = 7r3
875 7𝑟 3
=
7 7

125 = r3
3
√125 = 𝑟
5=r

To complete the sequence, multiply 7 by 5, and then multiply the result by 5.

7, 35, 175, 875

Therefore, the required geometric means are 35 and 175.

b. There are three terms in the given sequence: 7, __, 63

an = a1rn-1
a3 = a1rn-1
63 = 7r3-1
63 = 7r2
63 7𝑟 2
=
7 7

9 = r2
 √9 = 𝑟
±3 = r

To complete the sequence, multiply 7 by 3 or -3.

7, 21, 63 or 7, -21, 63

Therefore, the geometric mean is ±21.

Note: If a single geometric mean is inserted between two numbers, it is called geometric
mean of the numbers. If b is the geometric mean between a and d, then a, b, d, is a geometric
sequence and
𝑎 𝑏
=
𝑏 𝑑

Thus, b2 = ad or b = ±√𝑎𝑑.
Therefore, the geometric mean between 7 and 63 is ±√(7)(63) or ±21.

Activity 1: Insert the indicated number of geometric means between the given numbers. Write the
resulting geometric sequence. Write your answer on a 1 whole sheet of paper.
1. Two geometric means between 3 and 5,184.
2. Two geometric means between 4 and 864.
3. Two geometric means between -5 and 1,080.
4. Two geometric means between -2 and 686.
5. Two geometric means between -22 and -176.
6. Three geometric means between 2 and 512.
7. Three geometric means between 7 and 567.

GEOMETRIC SERIES

The sum of a geometric sequence is called geometric series.

Rule: Sum of the First n Terms of a Geometric Sequence

The sum of a finite geometric sequence is calculated by the formula
𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 =
1−𝑟

where a1 is the first term, r is the common ratio, and n is the number of n terms.

Example:
Find the sum of the
a. first 12 terms of the geometric sequence 3, -9, 27, -81, 243, …
1 1 1 1
b. geometric sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …

Solution:
a. Given a1 = 3 and r = -9 ÷ 3 = -3

Solve for S12 by substituting n with 12, a1 with 3, and r with -3 into the formula,
𝑎 (1−𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆𝑛 = 1 1−𝑟
 3(1−(−3)12 )
𝑆12 = 1−(−3)
3(1 − 531,441)
𝑆12 = 1+3
3(− 531,440)
𝑆12 = 4
−1,594,320
𝑆12 = 4

𝑺𝟏𝟐 = −𝟑𝟗𝟖, 𝟓𝟖𝟎

b. This is the case of getting the sum of infinite geometric series with a common ratio,
1 𝒂𝟏
. In the same manner, the sum can be computed using the formula: 𝑺∞ = 𝟏−𝒓
2
where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio. Thus,
𝑎1 1 1
𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟 → 𝑆∞ = 1 = 1 = 𝟐
1−
2 2

Activity 2: For each given geometric sequence, find the sum of the first:
1) 5 terms of 4, 12, 36, 108, …
2) 6 terms of 3, -6, 12, -24, …
3) 6 terms of -3, 3, -3, 3, …
4) 7 terms of -3, 3, -3, 3, …
3 3 3 3
5) 8 terms of 4, 4, 4, 4, …

6) 4 terms of 100, -50, 25, …

Note: Write your answers and solutions on a 1 whole sheet of paper.

HARMONIC SEQUENCES

If a1, a2, a3, …, an are terms of an arithmetic sequence, then the sequence of reciprocals of
1 1 1 1
these terms, 𝑎 , 𝑎 , 𝑎 , …, 𝑎 is called a harmonic sequence.
1 2 3 𝑛

Example:
1 1 1
Find: (a) the seventh term of the harmonic sequence 2, 6, 10, …
1 1 1 1
(b) the fifteenth term of the harmonic sequence 10, 14, 18, 22, …

Solution:
a. This can easily be done by applying our knowledge of arithmetic sequences. If a1
is the first term of the related arithmetic sequence and d is the common difference,
then
a1 = 2 and d=4

Thus,
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a7 = 2 + (7 – 1)4 Replace n with 7, a1 with 2, and d with 4.
a7 = 2 + (6)4
a7 = 2 + 24
 𝟏
a7 = 26 → 𝟐𝟔
1
Hence, the 7th term of the harmonic sequence is .
26

b. From the related arithmetic sequence 10, 14, 18, 22, … (which is the
denominator of the given sequence)
a1 = 10 and d = 4

Find a15 by substituting 10 for a1, 15 for n, and 4 for d into the formula
an = a1 + (n – 1)d.
a15 = a1 + (n – 1)d
a15 = 10 + (15 – 1)4
a15 = 10 + (14)4
a15 = 10 + 56
𝟏
a15 = 66 → 𝟔𝟔

𝟏
Therefore, 𝟔𝟔 is the 15th term of the harmonic sequence.

Activity 3. For each harmonic sequence, find the nth term.

1 1 1
1) 2, 4, 6, …, n = 7
1 1 1
2) , , , …, n = 10
5 10 15
1 1 1
3) , , , …, n = 9
4 11 18
1 1 1
4) , , , …, n = 14
−10 −3 4
1 1 1
5) , , , …, n = 12
7 14 21

Note: Write your answers and solutions on a 1 whole sheet of paper.