Mohamed Khider University of Biskra

Faculty of Letters and Languages

Department of Foreign Languages
English Division

Wuthering Heights

Teacher: Mr.Boulegroune Adel.

Student: Badouche Samra.
Ben Messaoud Sabrina Roudeina.
Boukhadra Aya.
Bouzidi Fatiha.
Group: 02
Level: Third Year LMD
Academic Year: 2023 - 2024
INTRODUCTION:

student: Badouche Samra.

Victorian literature:

Is English literature during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901). The 19th
century is considered by some to be the Golden Age of English Literature,
especially for British novels . English writing from this era reflects the major
transformations in most aspects of English life, from scientific, economic, and
technological advances to changes in class structures and the role of religion in
society.

Emily Jane Brontë (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848)

was born on 30 July 1818 to Maria Branwell and an Irish father, Patrick Brontë.
The family was living on Market Street, in a house now known as the Brontë
Birthplace. When Emily was only three, and all six children under the age of
eight, she and her siblings lost their mother, Maria, to cancer on 15 September
1821. The younger children were to be cared for by Elizabeth Branwell, their
aunt and Maria’s sister . Emily’s three elder sisters, Maria, Elizabeth, and
Charlotte were sent to the Clergy Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge. At the
age of six, on 25 November 1824, Emily joined her sisters at school for a brief
period. Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights was first published in London in
1847 by Thomas Cautley Newby, appearing as the first two volumes of a three-
volume set that included Anne Brontë’s Agnes Grey. The authors were printed
as being Ellis and Acton Bell; Emily’s real name did not appear until 1850,
when it was printed on the title page of an edited commercial edition. The
novel's innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics Wuthering. Heights’s
violence and passion led the Victorian public and many early reviewers to think
that it had been written by a man.According to Juliet Gardiner, “the vivid
sexual passion and power of its language and imagery impressed, bewildered
and appalled reviewers. “Emily’s health was probably weakened by the harsh
local climate and by unsanitary conditions at home, where water was
contaminated by run off from the church’s graveyard. Emily caught a severe
cold that quickly developed into inflammation of the lungs and led to
tuberculosis Though her condition worsened steadily, she rejected medical help
and all offered remedies, saying that she would have “no poisoning doctor”
near her .On the morning of 19 December 1848 she died .

The Characters of The Novel:

Student: Ben Messaoud Sabrina Roudeina
There are a total 19 characters in Wuthering Heights .It may be much, but there
are so many family trees, many characters that have similar names, and
characters who have the same name. These characters are:
 Heathcliff: An orphan brought to live at Wuthering Heights by Mr.
Earnshaw, Heathcliff falls into an intense, unbreakable love with Mr.
Earnshaw’s daughter Catherine. After Mr. Earnshaw dies, his resentful son
Hindley abuses Heathcliff and treats him as a servant. Because of her desire for
social prominence, Catherine marries Edgar Linton instead of Heathcliff.
Heathcliff’s humiliation and misery prompt him to spend most of the rest of his
life seeking revenge on Hindley, his beloved Catherine, and their respective
children (Hareton and young Cathy). A powerful, fierce, and often cruel man,
Heathcliff acquires a fortune and uses his extraordinary powers of will to
acquire both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, the estate of Edgar
Linton.
Catherine Earnshaw: The daughter of Mr. Earnshaw and his wife,
Catherine falls powerfully in love with Heathcliff, the orphan Mr. Earnshaw
brings home from Liverpool. Catherine loves Heathcliff so intensely that she
claims they are the same person. However, her desire for social advancement
motivates her to marry Edgar Linton instead. Catherine is free-spirited,
beautiful, spoiled, and often arrogant. She is given to fits of temper, and she is
torn between her wild passion for Heathcliff and her social ambition. She
brings misery to both of the men who love her.

Edgar Linton:Well-bred but rather spoiled as a boy, Edgar Linton grows

into a tender, constant, but cowardly man. He is almost the ideal gentleman:
Catherine accurately describes him as “handsome,” “pleasant to be with,”
“cheerful,” and “rich.” However, this full assortment of gentlemanly
characteristics, along with his civilized virtues, proves useless in Edgar’s
clashes with his foil, Heathcliff, who gains power over his wife, sister, and
daughter.

Lockwood:Lockwood’s narration forms a frame around Nelly’s; he serves as

an intermediary between Nelly and the reader. A somewhat vain and
presumptuous gentleman, he deals very clumsily with the inhabitants of
Wuthering Heights. Lockwood comes from a more domesticated region of
England, and he finds himself at a loss when he witnesses the strange
household’s disregard for the social conventions that have always structured his
world. As a narrator, his vanity and unfamiliarity with the story occasionally
lead him to misunderstand events.

Nelly Dean: Nelly Dean (known formally as Ellen Dean) serves as the chief
narrator of Wuthering Heights. A sensible, intelligent, and compassionate
woman, she grew up essentially alongside Hindley and Catherine Earnshaw
and is deeply involved in the story she tells. She has strong feelings for the
characters in her story, and these feelings complicate her narration.

Isabella Linton: Edgar Linton’s sister, who falls in love with Heathcliff and
marries him. She sees Heathcliff as a romantic figure, like a character in a
novel. Ultimately, she ruins her life by falling in love with him. He never
returns her feelings and treats her as a mere tool in his quest for revenge on the
Linton family.

Cathy Linton: The daughter of Edgar Linton and the first Catherine. The
first Catherine begins her life as an Earnshaw and ends it as a Linton; her
daughter, referred to for clarity's sake in this SparkNote as Cathy, begins as a
Linton and, assuming that she marries Hareton after the end of the story, goes
on to become an Earnshaw. The mother and the daughter share not only a
name, but also a tendency toward headstrong behavior, impetuousness, and
occasional arrogance. However, Edgar’s influence seems to have tempered
young Cathy's character, and she is a gentler and more compassionate creature
than her mother.

Hareton Earnshaw: The son of Hindley and Frances Earnshaw, Hareton is

Catherine’s nephew. After Hindley’s death, Heathcliff assumes custody of
Hareton, and raises him as an uneducated field worker, just as Hindley had
done to Heathcliff himself. Thus Heathcliff uses Hareton to seek revenge on
Hindley. Illiterate and quick-tempered, Hareton is easily humiliated, but shows
a good heart and a deep desire to improve himself. At the end of the novel, he
marries Cathy.

Linton Heathcliff: Heathcliff’s son by Isabella. Weak, sniveling, demanding,

and constantly ill, Linton is raised in London by his mother and does not meet
his father until he is thirteen years old, when he goes to live with him after his
mother’s death. Heathcliff despises Linton, treats him contemptuously, and, by
forcing him to marry Cathy, uses him to cement his control over Thrushcross
Grange after Edgar Linton’s death. Linton himself dies not long after this
marriage.

Hindley Earnshaw: Catherine’s brother, and Mr. Earnshaw’s son. Hindley

resents it when Heathcliff is brought to live at Wuthering Heights. After his
father dies and he inherits the estate, Hindley begins to abuse the young
Heathcliff, terminating his education and forcing him to work in the fields.
When Hindley’s wife Frances dies shortly after giving birth to their son
Hareton, he lapses into alcoholism and dissipation.

Mr. Earnshaw:( Frances Earnshaw) Hindley’s simpering, silly wife, who

treats Heathcliff cruelly. She dies shortly after giving birth to Hareton.

Mr. Linton:Edgar and Isabella’s father and the proprietor of Thrushcross

Grange when Heathcliff and Catherine are children. An established member of
the gentry, he raises his son and daughter to be well-mannered young people.
 Mrs. Linton:Mr. Linton’s somewhat snobbish wife, who does not like
Heathcliff to be allowed near her children, Edgar and Isabella. She teaches
Catherine to act like a gentle-woman, thereby instilling her with social
ambitions.Catherine and Hindley’s father. Mr. Earnshaw adopts Heathcliff and
brings him to live at Wuthering Heights. Mr. Earnshaw prefers Heathcliff to
Hindley but nevertheless bequeaths Wuthering Heights to Hindley when he
dies.

Mrs. Earnshaw: Catherine and Hindley’s mother, who neither likes nor
trusts the orphan Heathcliff when he is brought to live at her house. She dies
shortly after Heathcliff’s arrival at Wuthering Heights.

Joseph:A long-winded, fanatically religious, elderly servant at Wuthering

Heights. Joseph is strange, stubborn, and unkind, and he speaks with a thick
Yorkshire accent.

Zillah: The housekeeper at Wuthering Heights during the latter stages of the
narrative.

Mr. Green:Edgar Linton’s lawyer, who arrives too late to hear Edgar’s final
instruction to change his will, which would have prevented Heathcliff from
obtaining control over Thrushcross Grange.

The Summery of Wuthering Heights:

Student: Boukhadra Aya

Wuthering Heights is related as a series of narratives which are themselves told

to the narrator, a gentleman named Lockwood. Lockwood rents a fine house
and park called Thrushcross Grange in Yorkshire, and gradually learns more
and more about the histories of two local families. This is what he learns from a
housekeeper, Ellen Dean, who had been with one of the two families for all of
her life:
In around 1760, a gentleman-farmer named Ernshaw went from his farm,
Wuthering Heights, to Liverpool on a business trip. He found there a little boy
who looked like a gypsy who had apparently been abandoned on the streets,
and brought the child home with him, to join his own family of his wife, his
son Hindley, his daughter Catherine, a manservant named Joseph , and Ellen,
who was very young at the time and working as a maid. Earnshaw named the
boy Heathcliff after a son of his who had died. All the other members of the
household were opposed to the introduction of a strange boy, except for
Catherine, who was a little younger than Heathcliff and became fast friends
with him. Hindley in particular felt as though Heathcliff had supplanted him,
although he was several years older and the true son and heir. Hindley bullied
Heathcliff when he could, and Heathcliff used his influence over Earnshaw to
get his way. Heathcliff was a strange, silent boy, who appeared not to mind the
blows he received from Hindley, although he was in fact very vindictive.
Earnshaw's wife died. Hindley was sent away to college in a last attempt to turn
him into a worthy son, and to ease pressures at home.
After some years, Earnshaw's health declined and he grew increasingly
alienated from his family: in his peevish old age he worried that everyone
disliked Heathcliff simply because Earnshaw liked him. He did not like his
daughter Catherine's charming and mischievous ways. Finally he died, and
Catherine and Heathcliff were very grieved, but consoled each other with
thoughts of heaven.

Hindley returned, now around twenty years old. Heathcliff was about twelve
and Catherine was eleven. Hindley was married to a young woman named
Frances, to the surprise of everyone at Wuthering Heights. Hindley used his
new power as the head of the household to reduce Heathcliff to the level of a
servant, although Heathcliff and Catherine continued their intimacy. Catherine
taught Heathcliff her lessons and would join him in the fields, or they would
run away to the moors all day to play, never minding their punishments
afterward.

One day they ran down to the Grange, a more civilized house where the
Lintons lived with their children Edgar, thirteen, and Isabella, eleven. Catherine
and Heathcliff despised the spoiled, delicate Linton children, and made faces
and yelled at them through the window. The Lintons called for help and the
wilder children fled, but Catherine was caught by a bulldog and they were
brought inside. When the Lintons found out that the girl was Miss Earnshaw,
they took good care of her and threw Heathcliff out.

Catherine stayed at the Grange for five weeks, and came home dressed and
acting like a proper young lady, to the delight of Hindley and his wife, and to
Heathcliff's sorrow––he felt as though she had moved beyond him. Over the
next few years, Catherine struggled to both maintain her relationship with
Heathcliff, and socialize with the elegant Linton children.

Frances gave birth to a son, Hareton, and died soon after of tuberculosis.
Hindley gave in to wild despair and alcoholism, and the household fell into
chaos. Heathcliff was harshly treated, and came to hate Hindley more and
more. Edgar Linton fell in love with Catherine, who was attracted by his wealth
and genteel manners, although she loved Heathcliff much more seriously.
Edgar and Catherine became engaged, and Heathcliff ran away. Catherine fell
ill after looking for Heathcliff all night in a storm, and went to the Grange to
get better. The Linton parents caught her fever and died of it. Edgar and
Catherine were married when she was 18 or 19.
They lived fairly harmoniously together for almost a year––then Heathcliff
returned. He had mysteriously acquired gentlemanly manners, education, and
some money. Catherine was overjoyed to see him, Edgar considerably less so.
Heathcliff stayed at Wuthering Heights, where he gradually gained financial
control by paying Hindley's gambling debts. Heathcliff's relationship with the
Linton household became more and more strained as Edgar grew extremely
unhappy with Heathcliff's relationship with Catherine. Finally there was a
violent quarrel: Heathcliff left the Grange to avoid being thrown out by Edgar's
servants, Catherine was angry at both of the men, and Edgar was furious at
Heathcliff and displeased by his wife's behavior. Catherine shut herself in her
room for several days. In the meantime, Heathcliff eloped with Isabella (who
was struck by his romantic appearance) by way of revenge on Edgar. Edgar
could not forgive Isabella's betrayal of him, and did not try to stop the
marriage. Catherine became extremely ill, feverish and delirious, and nearly
died though she was carefully tended by Edgar once he discovered her
condition.

A few months later, Catherine was still very delicate and looked as though she
would probably die. She was pregnant. Heathcliff and Isabella returned to
Wuthering Heights, and Isabella wrote to Ellen describing how brutally she
was mistreated by her savage husband, and how much she regretted her
marriage. Ellen went to visit them to see if she could improve Isabella's
situation. She told them about Catherine's condition, and Heathcliff asked to
see her.

A few days later, Heathcliff came to the Grange while Edgar was at church. He
had a passionate reunion with Catherine, in which they forgave each other as
much as possible for their mutual betrayals. Catherine fainted, Edgar returned,
and Heathcliff left. Catherine died that night after giving birth to a daughter.
Edgar was terribly grieved and Heathcliff wildly so––he begged Catherine's
ghost to haunt him. A few days later, Hindley tried to murder Heathcliff, but
Heathcliff almost murdered him instead. Isabella escaped from Wuthering
Heights and went to live close to London, where she gave birth to a son,
Linton. Hindley died a few months after his sister Catherine.

Catherine and Edgar's daughter, Cathy, grew to be a beloved and charming

child. She was brought up entirely within the confines of the Grange, and was
entirely unaware of the existence of Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff, or her
cousin Hareton there. Once she found the farmhouse while exploring the
moors, and was upset to think that such an ignorant rustic as Hareton could be
related to her. Ellen ordered her not to return there and explained about
Heathcliff's feud with Cathy's father, Edgar.

Isabella died when Linton was about twelve years old, and Edgar went to fetch
him to the Grange. Linton was a peevish and effeminate boy, but Cathy was
pleased to have a playmate. That very day, however, Heathcliff sent Joseph to
fetch his son to Wuthering Heights, and when Cathy woke up the next morning
her cousin was gone. Though sad at first, she soon got over it, and continued
her happy childhood.
On her sixteenth birthday, Cathy and Ellen strayed onto Heathcliff's lands, and
he invited them into Wuthering Heights to see Linton. Cathy was pleased to
renew her acquaintance, and Heathcliff was eager to promote a romance
between the two cousins, so as to ensure himself of Edgar's land when he died.
When they returned home, Edgar forbade Cathy to continue visiting there, and
said that Heathcliff was an evil man. Cathy then began a secret correspondence
with Linton, which became an exchange of love letters. Ellen found out and put
an end to it.

Edgar became ill. Heathcliff asked Cathy to return to Wuthering Heights

because Linton was breaking his heart for her. She did so, and found Linton to
be a bullying invalid, but not without charm. Ellen fell ill as well and was
unable to prevent Cathy from visiting Wuthering Heights every day. Cathy felt
obliged to help Linton, and despised Hareton for being clumsy and illiterate.
Ellen told Edgar about the visits when she found out, and he forbade Cathy to
go any more.

Edgar was in poor health and didn't know about Linton's equally bad health and
bad character, so he thought it would be good for Cathy to marry him––since
Linton and not Cathy would most likely inherit the Grange. A system was fixed
up in which Linton and Cathy met outside. Linton was increasingly ill, and
seemed to be terrified of something––as it turned out, his father was forcing
him to court Cathy. Heathcliff feared Linton would die before Edgar did, so
eventually he all but kidnapped Cathy and Ellen, and told them Cathy couldn't
go home to see her dying father until she married Linton. Cathy did marry
Linton, and escaped in time to see Edgar before he died.

After Edgar's funeral (he was buried next to his wife) Heathcliff fetched Cathy
to Wuthering Heights to take care of Linton, who was dying, and to free up the
Grange so he could rent it out (to Lockwood, in fact). Heathcliff told Ellen that
he was still obsessed by his beloved Catherine, and had gone to gaze at her
long-dead body when her coffin was uncovered by the digging of Edgar's
grave.

Cathy had to care for Linton alone, and when he died, she maintained an
unfriendly attitude to the household: Heathcliff, Hareton (who was in love with
her), Joseph, and Zillah, the housekeeper. As time passed, however, she
became lonely enough to seek Hareton's company, and began teaching him to
read.
This is around the time of Lockwood's time at the Grange. He leaves the area
for several months, and when he returns, he learns that while he was gone:

Heathcliff began to act more and more strangely, and became incapable of
concentrating on the world around him, as though Catherine's ghost wouldn't
let him. He all but stopped eating and sleeping, and Ellen found him dead one
morning, with a savage smile on his face. He was buried next to Catherine, as
he had wished. Hareton grieved for him, but was too happy with the younger
Cathy to be inconsolable. When the novel ends, Hareton and Cathy plan to
marry and move to the Grange.

Wuthering Heights themes and stylistic study.

student: Bouzidi Fatiha.

Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë is an intergenerational tale of two feuding

families focusing on the enigmatic character Heathcliff. Though based in the
early 1800s, the major themes in Wuthering Heights of revenge, love, social
class, gender roles, good and evil, and family relationships make it a story for
the ages . Let's go over them in detail and figure out what Is the theme of
Wuthering Heights !

Good and Evil: Though the characters In Wuthering Heights are all conflicted,
some are portrayed as more good and some are portrayed as evil. If you use
professional custom writing services, your written piece will have an in-depth
character analysis of every main character. The main character Heathcliff is
clearly meant to be seen as evil even though one of his driving motivations is
love .Edgar, on the other hand, can be seen as a good character, but between
the struggle between them, Heathcliff comes across as the winner. Portrating
someone as a winner is also inherent to great admission essay writers who
naturally focus on your upsides. Despite Heathcliff’s victory, he lives a tortured
life whereas Edgar dies In relative peace. Every other character has moments of
both good and evil representing humanity at large

Revenge : Heathcliff's obsession with revenge drives much of the story making
revenge a major theme of Wuthering Heights. Mistreated by his adopted
brother, his desire for revenge becomes an obsession that makes him a wealthy
man. Rather than be satisfied with his success, he returns to Wuthering Heights
to destroy the people who slighted him. Revenge becomes an all-encompassing
obsession that makes him selfish and cruel to everybody around him, including
his family. As a Wuthering Heights theme, the destructive powe r of vengeance
is clear. Even though he accomplishes everything he wanted, Heathcliff dies a
miserable, unhappy, and broken man .
Social Classes: Heathcliff is mistreated because as an orphan he has no social
status. When he returns as a successful well-spoken man, he is given respect,
highlighting the problems with the social class system. Even though Cathy
loves Heathcliff she chooses to be with Edgar because he Is more fitting of her
social status. Heathcliff subconsciously tries to take revenge by limiting the
education of Hareton In an effort to lower his social standing. The story shows
the vagaries of social class making it one of the themes in Wuthering Heights

Love: As one of the main Wuthering Heights themes, love is shown to both
divide as well as bring together. Heathcliff's love for Cathy becomes an
obsession that drives him his entire life. Edgar's love for Cathy can be seen as
naïve. Cathy's love is fickle and she ends up destroying both the men she cares
for. Heathcliff Is unable to love his children whereas Edgar is a typical
traditional loving father. Everyone who enters Heathcliff's household Is
infected by his inability to love and ends up miserable. Eventually, the feud
lasting generations is solved by the love of Catherine and Hareton. Love isn't
inherently good or bad but is multifaceted, this message makes love one of the
important themes of Wuthering Heights .

Humanity Vs Nature: Several characters in Wuthering Heights are described

as wild and connected with nature. Heathcliff, Cathy, and Hindley, especially
when they are young, love spending time in nature but are also considered
reckless and unfit for society. On the other hand, Edgar and Isabella are
brought up in the ways of high society and are considered good. The Moors
themselves are important characters in the story, representing both wildness but
also adventure and strength. Heathcliff acts more from emotion and therefore
with nature, he does win most of his battles but is also a slave to his emotions
and is miserable.

Solitude: Three of the main characters in Wuthering Heights crave solitude,

making it one of the major Wuthering Heights themes. Solitude is supposed to
be a way of knowing oneself and getting over difficult situations but each of
the three characters fails at embracing the positives of being alone. Heathcliff
was forced to be a loner as a child, but after the death of Cathy, he enters self-
imposed isolation. One that makes him cruel and miserable rather than
selfreflective. Hindley’s cruelty is enhanced after the death of his wife, and he
isolates himself with alcohol. Lockwood initially came to Thrushcross Grange
in an attempt to have some alone time to get over a romantic entanglement, but
gives up quickly and returns to crowded London .

Gender Roles: For a story based In the 1880s many characters do not follow
the gender roles of the time, but those that do not often end up with difficult
lives. Heathcliff follows his ambition and rises to the level of what men are
supposed to be; strong providers, but loses the woman he loves and fails to
provide a good environment for his family. Cathy is tomboyish in her youth
preferring to climb trees and go exploring rather than follow womanly pursuits.
Even after she becomes more ladylike she is still stubborn, strong-willed,
selfish, and wild. She also meets a sad end. The rest of the characters that fit
their gender roles lead happier lives but are portrayed as weak. Rather than
imply that gender roles are correct Catherine who inherits her mother's strong
will finds a way to be happy while avoiding gender stereotypes .

Relationships: In a story Involving multiple generations of two families, there

are a lot of complicated relationships, both within the families as well as
between the families. Most siblings in the story tend not to get along, with the
first generation absolutely despising each other. Though Heathcliff and Cathy
grow up as siblings, as they get older their love evolves into romantic love,
complicating their relationship. Heathcliff's love for Cathy would not have
been so intense if they had not grown up as brother and sister. As was normal
for the time, marrying cousins was acceptable, creating a complicated family
dynamic within generations. Hareton and Catherine, though cousins, finally
bring the feuding to an end by falling in love with each other after everyone
from the old generation dies .

Knowledge: Knowledge and literacy are considered to have power throughout

the story. Heathcliff arrives illiterate and is shunned and ridiculed for it.
Hindley reduces him to the position of a servant after the passing of his father
and limits his education. When Heathcliff returns, he carries on the tradition of
limiting education as a way of keeping somebody's social status low by not
allowing Hareton an education. Initially, Cathy mocks Hareton for being
unable to read, but when she starts teaching him, their love starts to blossom.

Disease: In some ways, disease Is the great equalizer in the novel. As was
common at the time, most people died due to some form of illness. Hindley and
Cathy's mother died before the story begins, their father dies due to an illness,
and during his illness, he is swayed by Joseph. Cathy's illness is transmitted to
Edgar and Isabella's parents who end up dying as well. Cathy herself dies
during difficult childbirth complicated by disease. The disease does not care
whether you are good or bad, rich or poor, from high society or low society, it
is a force of nature that is Impartial but powerful.

Part 2: stylistic study.

The style:The style of Wuthering Heights is poetic and lyrical. Many critics
have noted that Brontë’s use of romantic imagery and emotional dialogue in the
novel evokes her previous work as a poet. The passionate feelings and dark
events reveal the characters’ emotional intensity and are unusual in a Victorian
novel. The structure of Wuthering Heights’ structure also heavily influences its
style. The novel is essentially comprised of Lockwood’s diary, and it contains
his own recollections of events as well as a retelling of events as related to him
by Nelly. There are also direct quotes from other characters, such as Catherine
and Heathcliff.

The Techniques :Brontë uses the literary technique of a dual narrative – a

form of narrative that incorporates two different perspectives from two
different individuals at varying points in time – to directly engage her readers
by creating distance and objectivity.

Personification: The examples of personifications are given in the following

sentences Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going
singing, laughing, and plaguing everybody who would not do the same.
(Chapter -5).

Similes: The following sentences are perfect examples of similes . We all kept
as mute as mice a full halfHour, and should have done so long Only Joseph,
having finished his chapter, got up and said that he must rouse the master for
prayers and bed. (Chapter- V) ii. 'The Lintons heard us, and with one accord
they shot like arrows to the door; there was silence, and then a cry, 'Oh,
mamma, mamma! (Chapter-VI).

Bibliography:
Contemporary Reviews of "Wuthering Heights". Readers Guide to Wuthering
Heights online.

Helen Small, "Introduction" to Wuthering Heights. p. vii.

Helen Small, "Introduction" to Wuthering Heights. Edited by Ian Jack and

Introduction and notes by Helen Small. Oxford University Press, 2009.

Melissa Fegan, Wuthering Heights: Character Studies .