Report

Brunei Darussalam

Rome, 2020
FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

FAO has been monitoring the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are now produced every five years in an attempt to provide a consistent approach to
describing the world's forests and how they are changing. The FRA is a country-driven process and the assessments are based on reports prepared by officially nominated National Correspondents. If a report is not
available, the FRA Secretariat prepares a desk study using earlier reports, existing information and/or remote sensing based analysis.

This document was generated automatically using the report made available as a contribution to the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, and submitted to FAO as an official government document. The
content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO cannot be held responsible for any use made of the information contained in this document.

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

1. Forest extent, characteristics and changes

2. Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon

3. Forest designation and management

4. Forest ownership and management rights

5. Forest disturbances

6. Forest policy and legislation

7. Employment, education and NWFP

8. Sustainable Development Goal 15

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Introduction
Report preparation and contact persons
The present report was prepared by the following person(s)

Name Role Email Tables

Duratul Ain Haji Durani Alternate national correspondent [email protected] All

Mr Iskandar Collaborator [email protected] All

Introductory text
Place an introductory text on the content of this report

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

1 Forest extent, characteristics and changes

1a Extent of forest and other wooded land
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
References to sources of information Year(s) Additional comments

Anderson & Marsden, 1984. Forest Resources & Strategic Planning Study 1979 Both aerial and ground surveys were conducted.

DOF, 1996. An Introduction to Forestry in Brunei Darussalam. Department of Forestry, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Brunei Darussalam. 1996 Provides good descriptions of National classes based on Anderson & Marsden, 1984.

National classification and definitions

National class Definition

Mangrove Forest Occurs exclusively on saline soils subject to tidal influence and can usually be clearly differentiated from peat swamp forest which it usually borders.

Freshwater Swamp Forest Levee alluvium (empran). Located on the fresh water riverside and generally with higher canopy trees.

Peat Swamp Forest Generally dominated by Alan (Shorea albida), Terentang (Campnosperma coriacea), Keruntum (combretocarpus rotundatus), and Kapur paya (Dryobalanop rappa) growing on very thick peat soils.

Kerangas Heath forest or dryland site with soil conditions very poor and sandy. Trees usually have medium crown.

Mixed Dipterocarps Multi-storied high forest with uneven canopy. Forest mainly made up of a mixture of dipterocarps species such as highly commercial important Shorea and dipterocarpus species.

Montane Forest Found only on higher altitude in Temburong District with contour 762m and higher.

Mixtures Forests compose of a mixture of forest types which their boundaries cannot be determined

Plantations Systematically planted trees for a specific end product such as for sawn timber.

Secondary Very young forest not more than 50 yrs of age, regenerated naturally or assisted after partial or complete deforestation.

Primary Forests Undisturbed forests or forests with slightly undisturbed by unnoticeable disturbances that do not cause change in forest ecosystem.

Disturbed Forests Exploited forests area or logged-over forests with noticeable changes in terms of composition, structure, ecosystem etc..

Original data
National Categories Extent in 000 ha

1979 1996

Primary Disturbed Total Primary Disturbed Total

Mangrove 18.418 18.418 10.798 7.620 18.418

Freshwater Swamp forest 12.668 12.668 12.668 12.668

Peat Swamp forest 90.884 12.821 103.705 87.267 16.438 103.705

Kerangas 3.455 4.153 7.608 1.517 5.041 6.558

Mixed Dipeterocarpus 192.575 31.179 223.754 164.775 58.979 223.754

Montane 7.196 7.196 7.196 7.196

Mixtures 15.988 36.683 52.671 13.988 38.683 52.671

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Plantations 0.076 0.076 2.360 2.360

Secondary/ others 42.950 42.950 20.788 20.788

Total Forests 341.184 127.862 469.046 298.209 149.909 448.118

Abstract

Extent of Forests in 000 ha

National Categories
1979 1996

Primary Forests 341.184 298.209

Disturbed forest 127.862 149.909

Other land 57.486 78.414

Inland water 50.000 50.000

Total Area of Country 576.532 576.532

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
The figures for 1990, 2000 and 2010 for primary and disturbed forests have been estimated and forecasted using linear intra-polation and extrapolation trend method of 1979-1996 figures. Due to a lack of updated information, 2010 figures are
repeated for reporting years 2015 up to 2020.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

National Classes
FRA Categories
Primary Disturbed Other land

Forest 100% 70%

Other wooded land 30%

Other land 100%

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1000 ha Forest Other wooded land

400

300

200

100

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

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Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest (a) 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00

Other wooded land (a) 43.00 47.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

Other land (c-a-b) 71.00 83.00 97.00 97.00 97.00 97.00 97.00 97.00 97.00

Total land area (c) 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00 527.00

The FAOSTAT land area figure

for the year 2015 is used for all
reference years

Climatic domain % of forest area 2015 Override value

Boreal 0.00 0.00

Temperate 0.00 0.00

Sub-tropical 0.00 0.00

Tropical 100.00 100.00

Comments
Forest areas subjected to timber harvesting operations remains under the forest category as provided for by the definition of forest. The implementation of the Brunei Selective Felling System in these areas ensures the integrity of the residual
stand and sufficient forest canopy cover.

Other wooded lands represent degraded areas with naturally poor conditions such as sandy and swampy areas

The decreasing trend of the forest areas between 1990 and 2010 can be attributed to land-use conversion within the Stateland to support the current initiatives of the Government in infrastructure developments to increase agricultural production,
industrial, and resettlement areas.

The Forestry Department of Brunei Darussalam had conducted 2 studies on the national forest resources. Maps produced as a result of the studies were: Forest Type map1 and map2 (1:50,000 and 1:200,000); soil map and vegetation map
(1:20,000).

Due to lack of updated information forest and other wooded land areas have been assumed stable after 2010.

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1b Forest characteristics
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
References to sources of information Year(s) Additional comments

Anderson & Marsden, 1984. Forest Resources & Strategic Planning Study 1979 Both aerial and ground surveys were conducted.

DOF, 1996. An Introduction to Forestry in Brunei Darussalam. Department of Forestry, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Brunei Darussalam. 1996 Provides good descriptions of National classes based on Anderson & Marsden, 1984.

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
(In ‘000 hectares)

National Categories

Year Primary Disturbed Forests Total Forests

Forests
Secondary Plantation Total

1979* 341.184 127.862 - 127.862 469.046

1996* 298.209 149.909 0.668 149.909 448.118

*Original data

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Data for 1996 was used to estimate planted forests for 1990. For the period 1990-2016 it was assumed an increasing trend in the establishment of forest plantation in order to secure the local supply of timber in the future.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

Percentage reclassification in FRA Categories
National Category
Naturally regenerated forests Other Planted forests

Disturbed Forests

Secondary 100

Plantation 100

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1000 ha Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

400

300

200

100

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

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Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest

412.00 396.00 376.29 374.91 374.79 374.74 374.74 374.74 374.74
(a)

Planted forest (b) 0.67 1.31 3.71 5.09 5.21 5.26 5.26 5.26 5.26

Plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

…of which introduced species 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other planted forest 0.67 1.31 3.71 5.09 5.21 5.26 5.26 5.26 5.26

Total (a+b) 412.67 397.31 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00

Total forest area 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00

Comments
Naturally regenerating forest are secondary forest areas within the forest reserves which are treated with enrichment planting using indigenous tree species.

Planted forest refers to the conversion of natural forests into dipterocarp plantation using strip planting method. Forest plantations establishment assure 50% natural forest cover at all times. The use of introduced fast growing species is no longer
practiced.

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1c Primary forest and special forest categories

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Mangroves: Brunei Forestry Department (http://www.forestry.gov.bn/SitePages/Mangrove.aspx)

Primary forest: Anderson & Marsden, 1984. Forest Resources & Strategic Planning Study. 1979 and

DOF, 1996. An Introduction to Forestry in Brunei Darussalam. Department of Forestry, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Brunei Darussalam.

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
Mangroves:

Brunei Darussalam mangrove forests are estimated to cover around 18,418 hectares, mostly found in the inner Brunei Bay. The mangrove forest is further classified based on the dominant plant species, as follows:

Bakau
Nyireh Bunga
Linggadai
Nipah
Nipah Dungun
Pedada
Nibong

'Bakau' Forests

This mangrove forest virtually dominated by 'bakau minyak' (Rhizophora apiculata) and represents almost 50% of the total mangrove forest in the Temburong Distric. Another Rhizophora species, 'bakau kurap' (Rhizophora mucronata), also occurs
but is limited to areas near deltaic channels and creeks.

'Nyireh Bunga' Forests

'Nyireh bunga' (Xylocarpus granatum) occurs in association with 'bakau minyak' , or in largely homogenous stands especially on less frequently inundated land. Large lobster mounds usually covered by 'piai' fern (Acrostichum aureum) abound.
Almost pure stands of 'nyireh bunga' can be found in Selirong and Labu Forest Reserves.

'Linggadai' Forests

'Linggadai' (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) is the dominant Bruguiera species found in the Temburong mangrove forests. Although there are three other species (B. caryophylloides, B. parviflora , and B. sexangula) that can be found abundantly or in pure
stands in Sarawak, these species are not significantly present in Brunei. Pure stands of 'linggadai' can be found in small patches in Labu Forest Reserve along the waterways of Sungai Sipuyut.

'Nipah' Forests

Pure concentrations of the 'nipah' palm (Nypa fruticans) occur extensively along river banks and riparian zones in the coastal areas. These are found along the lower reaches of the Pendaruan, Temburong, and Labu Rivers in the Temburong
District, and along downstream banks of the Tutong and Belait Rivers.

'Nipah-Dungun' Forests

This mangrove forest is characterized by 'nipah' palms in natural combination with 'dungun' (Heritiera globosa) as understorey. This mangrove can be observed at the most upper limits of saline influence particularly along the Temburong and Labu
Rivers. Towards the down-river limits of its distribution,'buta buta' (Excoecaria agallocha), 'linggadai', and some 'bakau' may be present.

'Pedada' Forests

Small gregarious stands of 'pedada' (Sonneratia caseolaris) occur on recently deposited silt along the fringes of the Temburong and Labu Rivers. This species is most prominent in Kuala Labu and Temburong.

'Nibong' Forests

The tall spiny palm 'nibong' (Oncosperma tigillarium) is a marginal mangrove species, occurring locally in small to medium-sized clumps at the land-ward edge of mangroves, especially in more upriver localities.
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Primary forest:

1979=341.184

1996=298.209

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Primary forest 313.00 288.00 263.00 263.00 263.00

Temporarily unstocked and/or

recently regenerated

Bamboos

Mangroves 18.42 18.42 18.42 18.42 18.42

Rubber wood

Comments
Some of the mangrove forests are subjected to selective harvesting. However, such harvesting practices does not change the category of the forest based on FRA definitions.

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1d Annual forest expansion, deforestation and net change

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha/year)

FRA categories
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020

Forest expansion (a)

…of which afforestation

…of which natural expansion

Deforestation (b)

Forest area net change (a-b) -1.60 -1.70 0.00 0.00

Comments

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1e Annual reforestation
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha/year)

FRA categories
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020

Reforestation

Comments

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1f Other land with tree cover

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Palms (a)

Tree orchards (b)

Agroforestry (c)

Trees in urban settings (d)

Other (specify in comments)

(e)

Total (a+b+c+d+e) − − − − −

Other land area 71.00 83.00 97.00 97.00 97.00

Comments

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2 Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon

2a Growing stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Anderson & Marsden. 1984. Brunei Forest Resources and Strategic Planning Study.

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
There has been no complete National Forest Inventory although forest inventory was done as early as in 1934. The latest inventory is by Anderson (Anderson, 1984), which uses 1981/82 information for area their filed enumeration results for volume
estimations. They survey most of the primary forest in “Mixed Dipterocarp Forest” and “Peat Swamp Forest”, which are the main constituent Brunei forest resources. They estimated only net industrial stem wood (NIS) volume of grade 1 and grade
2 trees. Following is the summary information.

Total area surveyed (in 000 ha) 202

Total NIS volume in million cubic meters 17.7

This leads to an average NIS volume is about 87.62 cubic meters per hectare.

It may be mentioned that a study was conducted in 1994 by JICA Inventory on group of species only within intended forest plantation site (state land). The study does not mention volume by individual species. Based on this study, the undisturbed
Alan Forest (stratum 3.3, 3.5) is the highest volume, ranging from 528 to 585 cu. m per hectare and followed by undisturbed Peat Swamp (stratum 3.1, 3.2) and Mixed Dipterocarp Forest (stratum 5) from 331 to 448 cu. m per hectare.

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
The average NIS volume of 87.62 cubic meters per hectare will be used as the basic figure to estimate the total growing stock. It is further assumed that the average NIS volume represents only 60% of the total volume after considering the natural
defect and internal decay of the logs. Further, the total NIS “gross” volume refers to commercial tree species that is estimated to be 65% of the total tree species as revealed by the Andersons report. The estimated gross NIS volume per hectare
is 146.03 cu. m while the non-commercial volume is estimated to be around 78.63 cu. m per hectare. In total, the estimated growing stock of the country’s primary forest is 224.66 cu. m per hectare.

Disturbed forests under the “forest” category are estimated to have a growing stock of 78.63 cu. m per hectare.

Taking into consideration this information, it has been decided to consider an average volume for the naturally regenerating forest and other planted forest equal to 190 m3/ha.

The volume of growing stock under the “other wooded land” category is estimated to be 25.75 cu m per hectare.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Growing stock m³/ha (over bark)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00

Planted forest 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00

…of which plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

…of which other planted forest 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00

Forest 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00 190.00

Other wooded land 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75 25.75

Total growing stock (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 78.28 75.24 71.50 71.23 71.21 71.20 71.20 71.20 71.20

Planted forest 0.13 0.25 0.70 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

…of which plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

…of which other planted forest 0.13 0.25 0.70 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Forest 78.47 75.43 72.20 72.20 72.20 72.20 72.20 72.20 72.20

Other wooded land 1.11 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.29

Comments

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2b Growing stock composition

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Expert knowledge

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Growing stock in forest (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories Scientific name Common name
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Native tree species

#1 Ranked in terms of volume Shorea parviflora Meranti Sarang Punai

#2 Ranked in terms of volume Dryobalanops beccarii Kapur Bukit

#3 Ranked in terms of volume Shorea leavis Kumus

#4 Ranked in terms of volume Dryobalanops lanceolata Kapur Paji

#5 Ranked in terms of volume Dipterocarpus acutangulus Keruing Beludu

#6 Ranked in terms of volume Shorea argentifolia Meranti Binatoh

#7 Ranked in terms of volume Koompassia malaccensis Kempas

#8 Ranked in terms of volume Dipterocarpus globosus Keruing Buah Bulat

#9 Ranked in terms of volume Shorea macroptera Meranti Melantai

#10 Ranked in terms of

Shorea mecistopteryx Meranti Kawang Burong
volume

Remaining native tree species

Total volume of native tree species − − − − −

Introduced tree species

#1 Ranked in terms of volume

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Growing stock in forest (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories Scientific name Common name
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Native tree species

#2 Ranked in terms of volume

#3 Ranked in terms of volume

#4 Ranked in terms of volume

#5 Ranked in terms of volume

Remaining introduced tree species

Total volume of introduced tree species − − − − −

Total growing stock − − − − −

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

2c Biomass stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
FRA 2020 biomass calculator

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Insert the percentages of Growing stock by IPCC forest type for each of the FRA forest categories

FRA forest categories

IPCC forest types Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

% of Growing stock

Broadleaved humid 100% 100%

Broadleaved dry 0% 0%

Coniferous 0% 0%

100% 0% 100% Must add up to 100%

Insert Carbon fraction used by country (IPCC default = 0.47)

Carbon Fraction 47%

Biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF)

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved humid 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Broadleaved dry 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

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Plantation forest

Broadleaved humid 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Broadleaved dry 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Coniferous 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

Other planted forest

Broadleaved humid 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Broadleaved dry 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Weighted BCEF

Naturally regenerating forest 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30

Root-shoot ratios

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved humid 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Broadleaved dry 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28

Coniferous 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Broadleaved humid 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Broadleaved dry 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56

Coniferous 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

Other planted forest

Broadleaved humid 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Broadleaved dry 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28

Coniferous 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Weighted RS ratio

Naturally regenerating forest 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

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Above-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00

Plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other planted forest 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00

Total 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00

Below-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28

Plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other planted forest 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28

Total 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Forest biomass (tonnes/ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Above-ground biomass 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00

Below-ground biomass 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28 59.28

Dead wood

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

2d Carbon stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
FRA 2020 Biomass calculator

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Forest carbon (tonnes/ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Carbon in above-ground
116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09 116.09
biomass

Carbon in below-ground
27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86 27.86
biomass

Carbon in dead wood

Carbon in litter 2.42 2.01 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.11

Soil carbon 58.16 52.86 52.68 52.68 52.68 52.68 52.68 52.68 52.68

Soil depth (cm) used for soil

30.00
carbon estimates

Comments
The reviewer edited "Above ground and belowground from biomass calculator and litter and soil after 2015 repeated same value."

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3 Forest designation and management

3a Designated management objective
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Expert knowledge

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
The forest of Brunei Darussalam are categorised according to the primary function they are intended to serve as follows:

1) Protection Forests

2) Production Forests

3) Recreational Forests

4) Conservation Forests

5) National Parks

Protection Forests

Preserved forests which are intended primarily to protect critical soil and water resources; keep the country green and beautiful and the climate invigorating; prevent or minimise the occurrence of floods, droughts, erosion, pollution, and similar environmental
problems; and contribute to the general ecological stability of the country.

Production Forests

Natural and man-made forests, including non-timber plantations, for sustained supply of forest products for the country.

Recreational Forests

Forested areas with natural features that are developed for outdoor recreation in order to promote social, psychological, physical, and economic well-being of the people.

Conservation Forests

Undisturbed forests set aside to preserve and conserve biodiversity for scientific, educational, and related purposes.

National Parks

Areas with distinctive geologic, topographic and other formations and features of special interest, which are reserved to maintain biologically diverse plant and animal communities for the benefit of the present as well as the coming generations.

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Primary designated management objective

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Production (a) 138.03 138.03 138.03 138.03 138.03

Protection of soil and water (b) 18.56 18.56 18.56 18.56 18.56

Conservation of biodiversity
28.51 28.51 28.51 28.51 28.51
(c)

Social Services (d) 50.42 50.42 50.81 50.81 50.81

Multiple use (e) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other (specify in comments) (f)

None/unknown (g) 177.48 161.48 144.09 144.09 144.09

Total forest area 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00 380.00

Total area with designated management objective

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Production

Protection of soil and water

Conservation of biodiversity

Social Services

Other (specify in comments)

Comments

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3b Forest area within protected areas and forest area with long-term management plans
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Expert estimate

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area within protected

19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00
areas

Forest area with long-term

forest management plan

…of which in protected areas

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

4 Forest ownership and management rights

4a Forest ownership
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Forestry Policy

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
All forests as provided for under Table 1a are government owned. Although there are trees planted by private individual, the same remains under the jurisdiction of the Forestry Department.

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015

Private ownership (a) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

…of which owned by

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
individuals

…of which owned by private

business entities and 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
institutions

…of which owned by local,

tribal and indigenous 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
communities

Public ownership (b) 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00

Unknown/other (specify in
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
comments) (c)

Total forest area 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00

Comments
Forest and forest resources within forest reserves, statelands and private lands are under the direct jurisdiction of the Forestry Department.

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

4b Holder of management rights of public forests

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015

Public Administration (a) 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00

Individuals (b) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Private business entities and

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
institutions (c)

Local, tribal and indigenous

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
communities (d)

Unknown/other (specify in
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
comments) (e)

Total public ownership 413.00 397.00 380.00 380.00

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

5 Forest disturbances
5a Disturbances
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Insects (a)

Diseases (b)

Severe weather events (c)

Other (specify in comments)

(d)

Total (a+b+c+d) − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −

Total forest area 397.00 − − − − − − − − − 380.00 − − − − 380.00 380.00 380.00

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

5b Area affected by fire

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total land area affected by fire

…of which on forest

Comments

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5c Degraded forest
Does your country monitor area of degraded forest

What is the national definition

of "Degraded forest"?
If "yes"
Describe the monitoring
process and results

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

6 Forest policy and legislation

6a Policies, Legislation and national platform for stakeholder participation in forest policy
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Boolean (Yes/No)
Indicate the existence of
National Sub-national

Policies supporting SFM

Legislations and regulations

supporting SFM

Platform that promotes or

allows for stakeholder
participation in forest policy
development

Traceability system(s) for

wood products

Comments

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6b Area of permanent forest estate

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
Applicable? 1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Area of permanent forest

estate

Comments

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7 Employment, education and NWFP

7a Employment in forestry and logging
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Full-time equivalents (1000 FTE)

FRA 2020 categories 1990 2000 2010 2015

Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male

Employment in forestry and

logging

…of which silviculture and

other forestry activities

…of which logging

…of which gathering of non

wood forest products

…of which support services to

forestry

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

7b Graduation of students in forest-related education

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

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Number of graduated students

FRA 2020 categories 1990 2000 2010 2015

Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male

Doctoral degree

Master’s degree

Bachelor’s degree

Technician certificate /
diploma

Total

Comments

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7c Non wood forest products removals and value 2015

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
-

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

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Name of NWFP product Key species Quantity Unit Value (1000 local currency) NWFP category

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

All other plant products

All other animal products

Total −

Name of currency

Comments

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

8 Sustainable Development Goal 15

8a Sustainable Development Goal 15
SDG Indicator 15.1.1 Forest area as proportion of total land area 2015

Percent
Indicator
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area as proportion of

75.33 72.11 72.11 72.11 72.11 72.11 72.11 72.11
total land area 2015

Name of agency responsible

SDG Indicator 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Percent
Sub-Indicator 1
2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020

Forest area annual net change

-0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
rate

Name of agency responsible

Forest biomass (tonnes/ha)

Sub-Indicator 2
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Above-ground biomass stock

247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00 247.00
in forest

Name of agency responsible

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FRA 2020 report, Brunei Darussalam

Percent (2015 forest area baseline)

Sub-Indicator 3
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Proportion of forest area

located within legally 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
established protected areas

Name of agency responsible

Percent (2015 forest area baseline)

Sub-Indicator 4
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Proportion of forest area under

long-term forest management − − − − − − − −
plan

Name of agency responsible

Forest area (1000 ha)

Sub-Indicator 5
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area under

independently verified forest
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 − −
management certification
schemes

56