BILINGUAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

MHOTIVO BILINGUAL MIDDLE SCHOOL

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BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN SCIENCES AND
HUMANITIES
SOCIAL SCIENCES FORMATIVE SPACE

PSYCHOLOGY

TEACHER: SAMUEL ADONAY REYES, BA

I QUARTER 2024-2024
STUDENT NAME / COHORT
Victoria Enamorado___
GRADE:______10_______ SECTION: C

TEMA:
QUESTIONNAIRE
______________________________________

TRABAJO E INVESTIGACIÓN ESCRITA

ELABORATE A STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR
FINAL EXAMINATION
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SUBMMISSION DATE

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Introduction to Psychology
1. Definition and Scope of Psychology:
o How is psychology defined, and what are its main objectives?
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Its main objectives are to
describe, understand, predict, and control behaviors and cognitive processes. Psychologists aim to explain how
individuals think, feel, and act both in general and in specific contexts, using research-based evidence.
o What areas of human life does psychology encompass?
Psychology encompasses a wide range of areas in human life, including mental health, education, workplace
behavior, social interactions, child development, and cognitive functioning.
o What is the importance of psychology in today’s society?
Psychology is crucial in today’s society as it helps in understanding and improving mental health, developing
effective educational practices, enhancing relationships, optimizing work environments, and promoting overall
well-being.
Research Methods in Psychology
2. Experimental Design and the Scientific Method:
o What characterizes experimental design in psychological research?
Experimental design in psychological research is characterized by the manipulation of one or more independent
variables to observe their effect on dependent variables while controlling for external factors. Key features
include the use of control groups, random assignment of participants, and efforts to minimize bias. The goal is
to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
o What are the steps of the scientific method used in psychology?

⮚ Identify the Research Problem

⮚ Review the Literature
⮚ Formulate a Hypothesis
⮚ Design the Study
⮚ Collect Data
⮚ Analyze Data
⮚ Conclusions
3. Types of Research Methods:
o Surveys:

▪ What are surveys, and how are they used in psychological research?
Surveys are research tools used to collect data from a large group of individuals by asking questions about their
attitudes, behaviors, opinions, or characteristics. They are commonly administered through questionnaires or
interviews, either in person, online, or by phone.

▪ What are the advantages and disadvantages of using surveys as a research

method?
Advantage:

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 ● Large sample size: Surveys can collect data from a vast number of participants, increasing the
generalizability of results.
Disadvantage

● Self-report bias: Participants may not always provide accurate or truthful answers, either due to social
desirability bias or misremembering.
o Observational Studies:

▪ In what situations are observational studies most useful?

Observational studies are most useful in situations where researchers need to study natural behaviors in real-
world settings without manipulating variables, such as in cases where ethical constraints prevent
experimentation, or when capturing genuine social interactions, cultural practices, or long-term habits.
o Ethical Considerations in Psychological Research:

▪ What are the main ethical considerations that researchers must take into account
in psychology?
Researchers must consider informed consent, confidentiality, the right to withdraw, protection from harm, and
ensuring that research does not cause undue distress or exploitation.

▪ Why is informed consent important in psychological research?

Informed consent ensures that participants are fully aware of the study's nature, risks, and their rights, allowing
them to voluntarily choose to participate without coercion.

▪ How is participant confidentiality maintained in psychological studies?

Confidentiality is maintained by anonymizing data, using codes instead of names, securing data storage, and
restricting access to the information to only authorized personnel.

PD: Psychological research needs to be reviewed by an ethics committee.

Areas of Study in Psychology and Their Application in Context
5. Clinical Psychology:

▪ What is the focus of clinical psychology, and what types of disorders does it
address?
The focus of clinical psychology is on diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral
disorders. It addresses a wide range of disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia,
personality disorders, and substance abuse.

▪ What techniques and methods do clinical psychologists use to treat patients?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, and dialectical behavior
therapy (DBT). They may also use techniques like mindfulness, exposure therapy, and counseling, depending
on the patient's needs and the nature of the disorder.
6. Educational Psychology:

▪ How does educational psychology contribute to the teaching and learning process?
Educational psychology informs teaching methods, helps understand learning styles, and supports the
development of effective curricula and assessments.(focuses on how people learn and retain information)
 ▪ What strategies are used to support students with learning difficulties?
Strategies include differentiated instruction, assistive technology, additional time for tasks, structured routines,
targeted interventions, and a supportive classroom environment.
7. Social Psychology:

▪ What aspects of human behavior does social psychology study?

Social psychology studies how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence and
actions of others, including topics like conformity, group dynamics, prejudice, and interpersonal relationships.

▪ How do group phenomena manifest in the social context of Honduras?

In Honduras, group phenomena manifest through strong community ties, collective decision-making, and social
influences in areas such as politics, cultural practices, and responses to social issues, often reflecting both
solidarity and conflict within diverse groups.
8. Industrial Psychology:

▪ What are the main topics that industrial psychologists address in the workplace?
Industrial psychologists address topics such as employee selection, training and development, performance
appraisal, job satisfaction, motivation, leadership, and organizational culture.

▪ How do personnel selection and organizational development influence employee

well-being?
Effective personnel selection ensures a good fit between employees and their roles, leading to job satisfaction
and engagement, while organizational development fosters a positive work environment, promotes professional
growth, and enhances overall employee well-being.
Impact of Nature vs. Nurture
9. Nature vs. Nurture:

⮚ What is the difference between nature and nurture factors in human development?
Nature factors refer to the genetic and biological influences on development, while nurture
factors encompass environmental influences, including upbringing, culture, and life
experiences.

⮚ How do genetic factors influence an individual’s behavior and personality?

Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain behaviors and personality traits by
influencing brain chemistry, temperament, and susceptibility to mental health disorders,
although these traits can be modified by environmental factors.
⮚ What role do family and social environment play in shaping a person's identity and
behavior?
Family and social environment significantly shape a person's identity and behavior by
providing values, norms, and expectations, as well as emotional support, socialization, and
models for interaction with others.
⮚ Are there studies that demonstrate the impact of nature versus nurture on
psychological development?
Yes, numerous studies, including twin and adoption studies, demonstrate the impact of both
nature and nurture on psychological development, showing how genetic predispositions
interact with environmental influences on shaping behavior and personality.