THE GLOBAL

INTERSTATE SYSTEM
By Group 9
INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM?

It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern

world system is structured politically as an interstate
system a system of competing and allying states. Political
scientists commonly call this the international system and
this is the focal point of the field of international relations.
GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM

World-systems are defined by the existence of a division

of labor. The modern world-system has a multi-state
political structure (the interstate system) and therefore its
division of labor is international division of labor.

The division of labor consists of three zones according to

the prevalence of profitable industries or activities: core,
semi periphery and periphery.
DIVISION OF LABOR

Core high income nations in the world economy. This is the

manufacturing base of the planet where resources funnel
in to become the technology and wealth enjoyed by the
Western World today. They are dominant capitalist
countries that exploit peripheral countries for labor and
raw materials.
DIVISION OF LABOR

Semi-periphery - are the middle-income countries, such

as India and Brazil. These are considered semi-periphery
due to their closer ties to the global economic core.

Peripheral countries share characteristics of both core and

peripheral countries.
DIVISION OF LABOR

Periphery called as the low-income countries, whose -

natural resources or labor support the wealthier countries,
first as colonies and now by working for multinational
corporations under neocolonialism.

Peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for

capital and have underdeveloped industry.
DIVISION OF LABOR
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO GOVERNMENT
One of the key aspects of state sovereignty is the government. It
is a group of people who have the ultimate authority to act on
behalf of a state. Each state has its own right to self-
determination and that other country should not intervene in the
affairs of that state unless there are extraordinary reasons to do
so.

There have been several challenges to the government and

ultimately, to state autonomy. We can divide these challenges
into four: traditional challenges, challenges from national or
identity movements, global economics, and global social
movements.
TRADITIONAL CHALLENGES

External intervention means that when other countries get

involved in a nation's affairs, it often goes through invading or
supporting the local groups.
Internal challenges can also happen, like in Egypt after the
Arab Spring, where the military overthrew a religious
government Organizations like the UN also get involved, as
seen in Sudan's civil war and Greece's debt problems.
GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Global social movements are efforts that cross borders to
challenge a country’s authority by promoting human rights,
protecting the environment, and advocating for gender
equality.
These movements often change public policy and push
governments to follow the global standards.
GLOBAL ECONOMICS

Global economics challenges a country's power by

encouraging free-market capitalism and reducing
government that control over the economy.
Neoliberal policies promote free trade and privatization, which
can limit what a country can do to protect its own economy.
THE RELEVANCE OF THE STATE AMIDST
GLOBALIZATION
A state is a political organization with defined people, land,
government, and authority, different from the idea of a nation.
Even with globalization, nation-states are still important in
world affairs, dealing with issues like terrorism, economic
pressures, and migration.
INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS

There are several international organizations that

governments of countries around the world and
individuals participate in. These include the United
Nations, the International Court of Justice, NAFTA, and
NATO. There are also non- governmental organizations
promoting social and economic growth.
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO
Global politics entails relationship of countries and different
governments and non-governmental organizations. The United Nations
(UN) is one of the leading political organizations in the world where
nation-states meet and deliberate. However, it remains as an
independent actor in global politics. The premise for its establishment
was the restructuring of the world devastated after the Second World
War. The term "United Nations" was coined by former U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 (United Nations, 2011). Its operations began
on October 24, 1945.
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO
Maintaining international peace and security became the central
mission of the UN after the war. Up to this day, the UN is the major
force in governing interstate relations (Ritzer, 2015). According to
the UN (2011), peace and security are maintained "by working to
prevent conflict; helping parties in conflict make peace;
peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to
hold and flourish."
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO
The UN also has what is known as the Security Council. This group
of countries decides what to do when two or more countries are
waging war or are on the verge of fighting.

There are five permanent members of the UN Security Council-

the United States, Britain, Russia, China, and France. In addition to
the five members, 10 additional countries join the permanent
members for two-year terms, making a total of 15 countries.
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO
In 1991, the UN'smilitary role was put into question during its intervention in
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait wherein the Security Council authorized the use of
force (Ritzer, 2015).

"election and human rights monitoring, disarmament, and even the

assumption of state functions" (Weiss and Zach, 2007, p. 1219).

The UN is not all about fights. It has a program called UNICEF or the United
Nations Children's Emergency Fund. Its primary goal is to help children around
the world. They collect funds to distribute emergency relief from famine and
poverty and disease.
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO
It also provides education programs in areas where there are no schools.

In terms of economic issues, the main focus of the UN is the reduction of global
inequality.

Environmental issues, such as pollution and hazardous wastes, are addressed

through United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The UN also has the International Court of Justice (ICJ), usually referred to as
the World Court. It is located in the Netherlands in a town called The Hague.
PEACE TREATIES AND MILITARY ALLIANCES:
THE UN AND NATO

Finally, the UN promotes and protects human rights

through different organizations and mechanisms.
Since 1948, human rights have been brought into
the realm of international law. This is reflected in
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS)
Another example of an international organization that
was developed out of war is the Red Cross (Red
Crescent in Muslim countries). It is considered as a non-
governmental organization (NGO)They provide
emergency relief such as food, water, and medical
supplies for those whose homes or towns have been
destroyed by disaster or war. They also monitor the
treatment of prisoner of wars and go to conflicts to
make sure that no war crimes are taking place.
GLOBAL ECONOMIC
ASSOCIATIONS: THE WHO
AND NAFTA
WTO (WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION)
The next group is an economic association-WTO. It is made
up of 162 countries around the world and was created with the
goal of increasing free trade.

Countries, therefore, can buy and sell goods from one another
without placing taxes on imports or tariffs. The WTO aims to
reduce tariffs and other barriers to trade, making it easier for
countries to buy and sell goods from each other.
NAFTA (NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT)

Another famous economic organization is NAFTA.

This is an economic treaty between the United
States, Canada, and Mexico in which the three
countries trade freely without taxing each other.
GLOBALIZATION AND
GLOBALISM
GLOBALIZATION
Refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world,
driven by factors like trade, communication, technology, and
migration.

Characteristics:
- Increased interconnectedness: People, goods, ideas, and
information move more freely across borders.
- Cultural exchange: Cultures are blending and influencing each
other.
GLOBALISM
Refers to the ideology or belief system that emphasizes the
interconnectedness of the world and the importance of global
cooperation.

Characteristics:
- Focus on global issues: Globalism emphasizes the shared challenges facing
humanity, such as climate change, poverty, and inequality.
- Belief in a global community: Globalism emphasizes the idea that we are all
part of a single global community.
INFORMATIONALISM
Informationalism is a term used to describe a new
technological paradigm that has emerged in the late 20th
and early 21st centuries, replacing industrialism as the
dominant force shaping society.
It is characterized by the centrality of information and
knowledge exchange, driven by advancements in technology,
the media, and the internet.
INFORMATIONALISM
Informationalism is a term used to describe a new
technological paradigm that has emerged in the late 20th
and early 21st centuries, replacing industrialism as the
dominant force shaping society.
It is characterized by the centrality of information and
knowledge exchange, driven by advancements in technology,
the media, and the internet.
THANK YOU!