Senior High School

Department of Education
National Capital Region
S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 2A
RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Writers:
Chona F. Arenque (MNHS)
Joel C. Hagos (FHS)
Evelyn E. Seroy (MHS)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the Rational Functions. The scope of this module is to
represent real-life situations using rational functions,distinguish rational
function, rational equation, and rational inequality, solve rational equations,
and rational inequalities.

This module on rational functions will help you to learn and

understand the content and how it is applicable to our daily life.

The module is divided into 4 lessons, namely:

Lesson 1: Real-life Situations Using Rational Functions.

Lesson 2: Rational Function, Rational Equation, and Rational Inequality
Lesson 3: Rational Equations
Lesson 4: Rational Inequalities.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. represent real-life situations using rational functions.
2. distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational
inequality.
3. solve rational equations.
4. solve rational inequalities.

What I Know
Choose the letter that corresponds to the exact answer.
2x2
1. The rational equation y = can be written as________________?
x+1
2x2 2x2 x+1 x+1
A. f(x)= B. f(y)= C. f(x)= D. f(y)=
x+1 x+1 2x2 2x2

p(x)
2. A function of the form f(x)= ; where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial
q(x)
functions and q(x)≠0 is a ____________________________?
A. Polynomial Function B. Rational Function
C. Radical Function D. Quotient Function

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 1
3. What makes the function f(x)= not a rational function?
2x +1
A. The numerator is not a polynomial.
B. The denominator is not a polynomial.
C. There is no exponent in the numerator.
D. The numerator has no variable x

4. If a runner can run around the 400-meter oval in t minutes. The speed
of the runner can be expressed as a rational function
f(t)=_________________?
t 400
A. 400t B. C. D. 400t2
400 t

5. A 100 million pesos lotto jackpot price is to be divided equally among the
lucky ticket holders of the six-number winning combination. Express the
situation as a function f(n) if there are n number of ticket holders who got
the six-number winning combination in the lotto draw.
100 000 000 100 000 000
A. f(n)= C. f(n)=
n 6n
n 6n
B. f(n)= D. f(n)=
100 000 000 100 000 000

6. Which of the following is an inequality involving rational expressions?

A. Rational Expression C. Rational Function
B. Rational Equation D. Rational Inequality

1 1 6
7. What is the least common denominator of the equation + =
x-2 x2 -7x+10 x-2
A. (x-2)(x+5) B. (x-7)(x-3) C. (x-2)(x-5) D. x2-3x-10

7 4 5 2
8. Solve for x: + 2= -
3x 6x 8x 3x2
32 41 32 41
A. - B. − C. D.
41 32 41 32

9. Determine where the numerator and denominator are zeros for the
x+3
rational inequality ≤0.
x-9
A. 3 and 9 B. 3 and -9 C. -3 and -9 D. -3 and 9

1
10. Solve the rational inequality +10>0. Write the solution set in interval
x
notation.
1 1
A. (-∞, - )∪ (0, + ∞ ) C. (-∞, ) ∪ (0, +∞)
10 10

B. (-∞, 10 ) D. (10, ∞)

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Lesson 1. Represents Real-Life Situations Using Rational Functions

What’s In
A polynomial function p of degree n is a function that can be written
in the form f(x)=anxn+an-1 xn-1 +an-2 xn-2 +…+a1 x+a0 ; where a0 , a1 , …,
an ∈R, a0≠0 and n is a positive integer.
1
1. What makes f(x)=2x3 +3x- not a polynomial function?
√x
2. What makes p(x)=2ex +3x-15 not a polynomial function?
3. What makes r(m)=πm-1 +3em-1 not a polynomial function?

What’s New
All real numbers have a corresponding reciprocal/multiplicative
inverse.
1. Do you agree in the given statement? Why?
2. If you disagree, can you give a real number that has no
reciprocal/multiplicative inverse?
3. If x represents a real number, how can you express its reciprocal?
4. If x represents a real number, how can you express the statement
as a function f(x)?

What is It
Dividing a polynomial by another polynomial forms a new kind of
function which is called a rational function.

The statement “All real numbers have a corresponding

reciprocal/multiplicative inverse” can be represented by the function
1
f(x) = , which is an example of a rational function.
x

p(x)
Definition: A rational function is a function of the form f(x)= ;
q(x)
where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions and q(x)≠ 0. Thus, the
1
function f(x) = , x ≠ 0, is undefined when the denominator is zero, which
x

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

means that not all real numbers have a corresponding reciprocal and that
is 0.

There are real-life situations that can be modeled by rational

functions.

1. Use rational function to express your speed walking (t minutes) in

going to school which is 300 meters away from your house.
d
From the formula s=
t
where:
d=distance (300 meters)
t=time (t minutes)
d
s=
t
300
s= replace d by 300
t
300
f(t) = rewrite s as a function in terms of t.
t

2. A rectangular lot with an area of 150 square meters needs to enclose

by a fence. Let w be the width of the rectangular lot and l be the
length of the rectangular lot. Find a function P(w) representing the
perimeter of the fencing material required.

A = lw Formula for the area of a rectangle.

150 = lw Replace A by 150 since the area of the rectangular
lot is 150 square meters.
150 Solve for l in terms of w by dividing both sides by
=l
w w since we need to find a function in P(w).
P = 2l + 2w Formula in getting the perimeter of a rectangle.
150 150
P = 2( ) +2w Replace l by and simplify
w 𝑤
300 Rewrite P to P(w) since the right hand side of the
P= + 2w
w
equation is expressed in terms of w.
300 + 2w2 Simplify
P(w) =
w
2w2 +300 Rearrange the terms in the numerator in
P(w) =
w
descending order.

3. The local government of Marikina allotted P500,000 to be divided

equally among the students of Malanday National High School for
the reproduction of modules for the school year 2020-2021 since
face to face classes are not possible to prevent the spread of covid 19
virus. Let x be the number of students in Malanday National High

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 School. Express the amount allotted for each student as a function
g(x).
500 000
g(x) =
x
4. In order to qualify for the Championship in an inter-barangay
basketball league, barangay Malanday needs to increase their
winning percentage to get either in the first rank or in the second
rank. If barangay Malanday has won 6 out of 25 games with a
winning percentage of 24%. Express the winning percentage of
barangay Malanday as a function p(x), if x is the number of wins
that the team needs to win to increase their winning percentage.
6 + x
p(x) =
25 + x

What’s More
Express the following situations as a function.
1. A private company would like to give P50,000.00 incentives to its
employees who performed well in their job. Construct a function f(x)
representing the amount that each employee receives if the incentive
is to be divided equally among the x well-performing employees.

2. If a swimmer can swim one lap (50 meters) of an Olympic sized

swimming pool in t minutes. Express the swimmer’s speed as a
function f(t).

3. A 5-liter alcohol solution contains 2 liters of ethyl alcohol concentrate

which makes it a 40% alcohol solution. You want to increase the
alcohol concentration of a solution to effectively fight the COVID 19
virus. Express the alcohol concentration of the solution as a function
f(a), if a is the amount of ethyl alcohol concentrate in liters that must
be added in the solution to increase its alcohol concentration
percentage.

4. A 300m2-rectangular vegetable farm is to be enclosed by a fence. If l

and w represent the length and width of the rectangle, respectively.
Find the function P(l) representing the perimeter of the required
fencing material.

5. Express your speed as a function S(m) riding a bicycle in m minutes

going to school which is 500 meters away from your house.

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 What I Have Learned
Fill in the blank. Write the word/s or statement/s that will complete
the sentence.
1. A rational function is a ratio of two _________________.
2. A rational function is written in the form _______________.
3. A rational function is defined if the polynomial in the denominator
of a rational function must not be equal to ________________________?

What I Can Do

Problem: A 500 square meter rectangular flower garden needs

to be enclosed by a fence. If l and w represent the length and width of
the rectangular flower garden, respectively. Construct a function P(w)
representing the perimeter of the required fencing material with the
given conditions:
a. The longer side of the flower garden faces the river and does not
require any fencing material.
b. The shorter side of the flower garden faces the river and does
not require any fencing material.
c. The flower garden must be divided into two equal parts by
putting a fence at the middle parallel to the shorter sides of the
rectangular flower garden.
d. The flower garden must be divided into two equal parts by
putting a fence at the middle parallel to the longer sides of the
rectangular flower garden.

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solution with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

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 Assessment
Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on a clean
sheet of paper.
1. Your father is driving a car in going to work which is 54 km away
from your house. Express the speed of your father’s car as function
C(n) if it takes n minutes of travel from your house to his office.
54
A. C(n)=54n C. C(n)=
n
n
B. C(n)= D. C(n)=54-n
54

1
2. Is the function f(x)= a rational function?
x√2
A. False C. Sometimes true
B. True D. Cannot be determined

3. If a man can jog around the 400-meter oval in m minutes. The speed
of the jogger can be expressed as a rational function
f(m)=______________?
m 400
A. 400m B. C. D. 400m2
400 m

4. Which of the following is not a rational function?

2x √3x+2
A. f(x) = C. f(x)=
x-5 2x
x-2 3x+8
B. f(x) = D. f(x) = 2
x+5 x +2x+5

5. Use rational function to express your speed in walking (n minutes)

while going to school which is 400 meters away from your house.
400
A. f(n) = 400 – n C. f(n)=
n
n
B. f(n) = √400-n D. f(n)=
400

Additional Activities
Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on a clean
sheet of paper.
1. Your mother is riding a jeepney going to Marikina public market in h
hours which is 10 km away from your house. Express the speed of
the jeepney as a function f(h)=__________________.
h 10
A. 10h B. C. D. 10h2
10 h

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 e
2. What makes the function f(x)= not a rational function?
2x +3x-5
A. The numerator is not a polynomial.
B. The denominator is not a polynomial.
C. There is no exponent in the numerator.
D. The numerator has no variable x
3. Use rational function f(w) to express the speed of the rolling ball (w
minutes) from the first base to the second base which is 26.8 meters
away from each other.
26.8
A. f(w) = 26.8 – w C. f(w)=
w
w
B. f(w) = √26.8-w D. f(t)=
26.8
4. Your brother is driving a motorcycle in going to work which is 60 km
away from your house. Express the speed of your brother’s
motorcycle as function C(n) if it takes n minutes of travel from your
house to his office.
60
A. C(n) = 60n C. C(n) =
n
n
B. C(n) = D. C(n) = 60-n
60

5. 2πx√x y - ey = (x+1)(x-2) is a rational function?

A. True C. Sometimes true
B. False D. Cannot be determined

Lesson 2. Rational Function, Rational Equation, and Rational

Inequality.

What’s In
Identify whether the following given expressions are rational or
not and then explain your answer.

1 πx3 +3π
1. x2- -2x+3 4.
√x+1

2x2 +1 1
2. 5.
3 x2-1
2x+1 x+3
3. 2x+1

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 Answer the following questions briefly.
3
x-3
1. Why is the expression 2x+5 a rational expression?
x+1
ex
2. Which term in the expression makes it not a rational
x+3
expression?
3x + 2x - 1
3. Why is the expression not a rational expression?
x-1

What’s New
Classify the following expressions into three groups based on the
common characteristic that you observed.

1 3 x x2 2
x2 +4x+3 ≥ x2 -1≤ =12+y =
x x x+1 2+x x

1 x+1
2x2 + 8= > 1-x
x+1 x2 -1

x 1 1 10 4 1
f(x)= - 7=- 9x - y = +x<
x-1 3x 2 x x 3 x

1. What is the common characteristic that you observed as your basis

in classifying the expressions in the first group?
2. What is the common characteristic that you observed as your basis
in classifying the expressions in the second group?
3. What is the common characteristic that you observed as your basis
in classifying the expressions in the third group?

What is It
What you will learn here is about rational function, equation and
inequality.
Let’s have the following definitions:
Definition:

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 p(x)
A rational function is a function of the form f(x) = ; where
q(x)
p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions, and q(x) ≠ 0. The domain of f(x)
is all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.
Example:

x2 +2x+3 x2 +2x+3
F(x) = or y =
x+1 x+1

A rational equation is an equation involving rational expressions.

Example:

2 3 1
– =
x 2x 5

A rational inequality is an inequality involving rational

expressions.
Example:
5 2
≤
x-3 x

Illustrative Examples:

2+x x 5
Rational Equation a. =5 b. =
x+2 3 x-5

x 2
Rational Inequality c. 3x > d. 2x - 5 ≥
x-2 x-3

e. f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2

Rational Function
4x+6
f. g(x) =
x+2

What’s More
Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational
equation, a rational inequality, or none of these.

x2 +3x+2 3x +2x-1
1. y = 6. ≥2x-3
x+4 x-1

2 x
2. =8 7. < x+5
x+4 x+4

3x+2 ex
3. = x √x+1 8. =x-5
x+4 x+3

10

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 3
= 2x+3
√x+1 x-3
4. = 2x - 3 9. 2x+5
x-2
x+1

x2 +3x+2 x x2 + 3x x+1
5. x+2 = 10. =
x-5 4 x
x+3

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blank. Write the term/s or expression/s that will complete
the sentence.

1. A __________________ is an equation involving rational expressions.

2. A rational inequality is an inequality involving ____________________.

3. A rational function is a function of the form

_________________________.

x x-1 1
4. = + is a _____________?
x-2 x2 - 4 x + 2

x+2
5. P(x) = is a ________________________?
x-3

(x+1)(x-1) x
6. ≥ is a __________________________?
2x x2 - 4

What I Can Do

Determine whether the given is a rational function, a rational

equation, a rational inequality, or none of these. If the answer is none of
these write the term/expression which makes it not a rational function, a
rational equation, and a rational inequality.

5
1. y = 5x2 -2x + 1 6. 6x - ≥0
x+3

8 x 2x + 1
2. -5= 7. f(x) =
x 2x-1 ex - 1

3. √x-2 = 4 8. 3 2x - 1 = 9 x + 1

11

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 x-1
4. = x2 9. x (x + 3) ≤ √x + 3
x+1

7x2 + 4 √x+1
5. y = 10. √2x - 5 ≥ √x + 1
x2 + 3

Assessment
Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on a clean
sheet of paper.

x-4
1. f(x) = is a ___________________________?
x2 - 5x + 4
A. Rational Expression C. Rational Function
B. Rational Equation D. Rational Inequality

x x
2. +4=5- is a _______________________?
2x - 5 x-1
A. Rational Expression C. Rational Function
B. Rational Equation D. Rational Inequality

2x - 5 5
3. > -1
x2 - 9 x+3
A. Rational Expression C. Rational Function
B. Rational Equation D. Rational Inequality

p (x)
4. A function of the form f(x) = , where q (x) ≠ 0.
q (x)
A. Rational Expression C. Rational Function
B. Rational Equation D. Rational Inequality

5. Which of the following shows rational function.

x+1 2x
A. 2x + 3<10 B. 2x ≥ x – 1 C. =5 D. y =
2x x2 - 9

12

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Additional Activities

Determine the term/expression that makes the following not a rational

function, a rational equation, and a rational inequality.

1
1. y = 5x2 - 2x√2 + √
5

1
A. 2x√2 B) 𝑥 2 C) √ D) None of these
5

√8 x
2. -5√x= :
x 2x-1
√8
A. B. 5√x C. x D. 2x-1
x

3. (x-3) (x+3) ≤ √x+3

A. x-3 B. x+3 C. √x+3 D. none of these

7x2 +4√x+1
4. y=
x2 +3
2
A. 7x B. 4√x C. x2 + 3 D) none of these

5. 3(2x-5)=9x+1
A. 9x+1 B. 2 C. 2x-5 D. none of these

Lesson 3. Rational Equations

What’s In
A. Solve the following Equations.
1. 2x + 4 = 0 4. y2 = 25
2. 2(a – 6) = 0 5. (2x + 1) (x – 1) = 0
3. x2 – 9 = 0

13

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 B. Find the LCD of the following
1. 10 and 5 4. 2x (x + 4) (x - 3) and 5x2 (x + 4) (x - 4)
2. 15 and 6 5. 2 (x - 3) and 3x2 (x - 4)
3. 2 (x + 3) and 4 (x - 5)

Answer the following questions briefly:

1. How did you solve the following equations above? What properties of
equations are involved?

2. Discuss how to find the LCD or LCM of a given number or

expressions.

3. Why do we have to find LCD in solving rational equation?

What’s New
In finding the LCD of any fractions, we get the least common multiple
(LCM) of their denominators..

1 1
Here is how to find out LCD of any two fractions: for example and
3 6

Their denominators are 3 and 6 and the multiples of 3 and 6 are

List the multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, ...

List the multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, ...

The common multiples are 6, 12, 18...The least among these common
1 1
multiples is 6. So, 6 is the Least Common Denominator of and .
3 6

What is It
What you will learn here is all about solving rational equations. Here
are some illustrative examples for your guide.
Rational Equation
Definition An equation involving rational expressions.

Examples 5x 1 1
i. - =
6 2 3
1 2 1
ii. - =
x 3x 5

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 x 1 8
iii.
x+2
- x-2
= x2 -4

4x-6 7
iv. =
2x-3 x+1

A rational equation can be solved for all x values that satisfy the
equation.

Procedure for Solving Rational Equations

To solve rational equations:

1. Determine the domain by excluding values that will make any of the
denominators equal to zero.
2. Multiply each term of the equation by the LCD that will eliminate the
denominators.
3. Check for extraneous solution.
5x 1 1
Example 1: Solve for x: - =
6 2 3

Solution:
Since the denominators are constants, there will be no values that will make
the denominators zero that must be excluded in the domain.
Therefore, the domain of the equation is the set of all real numbers or {x/x ∈ℝ}
Having assumed that the solutions should be elements of this domain, we can
multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is 6.

5x 1 1 Given
- =
6 2 3
5x 1 1 Multiply each term by the LCD
(6) ( ) - (6) ( ) = (6) ( )
6 2 3
which is 6 and simplify.
5x – 3 = 2
5x – 3 + 3 = 2 + 3 Add 3 to both sides of the equation
and simplify.
5x = 5
5x 5 Divide both sides by 5 and simplify.
=
5 5
x=1

15

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 5x 1 1
To check if x = 1 is a solution of - = .
6 2 3

5x 1 1
- =
6 2 3

5(1) 1 1
- = Replace x by 1 and simplify.
6 2 3

5 1 1
- =
6 2 3

5 3
- = =
2 1 Simplify the left-hand side of the
6 6 6 3
equation by subtracting the fraction
using the LCD which is 6.

1 1
= (True statement) After simplifying the left-hand side of
3 3
the equation, it is equal to the right-
hand side of the equation.
5x 1 1
Hence, x = 1 is a solution of - = .
6 2 3

1 2 1
Example 2: Solve for x: – =
x 3x 5

Solution:
Set each denominator to zero to determine the values that must be excluded
in the domain.
x=0 and 3x = 0
3x 0
= Divide both sides by 3 and simplify
3 3
x=0
Since both denominators will be zero at x = 0, this value must be
excluded in the domain.

Therefore, domain of the equation is {x/x ≠ 0}

Having assumed that the solutions should be elements of this domain,
we can multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is 15x.

1 2 1 Multiply each term by the LCD

(15x)( ) - (15x) ( ) = (15x) ( )
x 3x 5 which is 15x and simplify.
15 – 10 = 3x Subtract the left-hand side of the
equation.
3x = 5
3x
=
5 Divide both sides of the equation by
3 3
3 and simplify.
5
x =
3

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 5 1 2 1
To check if x = is a solution of - = .
3 x 3x 5

1 2
1
- =
x 3x
5
1 21 5
5 - 5 =5 Replace all x’s by and simplify.
3( ) 3
3 3
3 2 1
- =
5 5 5
1 1 After simplifying the left-hand side of
=
5 5
the equation, it is equal to the right-
(True statement)
hand side of the equation.

5 1 2 1
Hence, x = is a solution of - = .
3 x 3x 5

x 1 8
Example 3: Solve for x: - =
x+2 x-2 x2 -4

Solution.
x 1 8
Factor each denominator in the fraction.: - =
x+2 x-2 (x-2)(x+2)

Set each denominator to zero and solve for x to determine values that
must excluded in the domain.

x+2=0 x–2=0 and (x + 2) (x - 2) = 0

x+2–2=0-2 x–2+2=0+2 x + 2 = 0 or x–2=0
x = -2 x=2 x = -2 or x = 2

The values that will make the denominators zero are -2 and 2 that must
be excluded in the domain.

Therefore the domain of the equation is { x / x ≠ -2, 2}

Having assumed that the solutions should be elements of this domain,

we can multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is (x + 2)(x - 2).

x 1 8 Multiply each term by the

(x+2)(x-2)( )- (x+2)(x-2) ( ) = (x+2)(x-2) ( ) LCD which is (x+2)(x-2) and
x+2 x-2 (x-2)(x+2)
simplify.

(x - 2)(x)-(x + 2)(1) = 8 Simplify the right-hand side

of the equation by applying
the distributive property of
multiplication.

x2 - 2x – x – 2 = 8 Simplify by combining
similar terms.
x2 - 3x - 2 = 8

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 x2 - 3x -2 + (-8) = 8 + (- 8) Add negative -8 to both sides
of the equation and simplify.

x2 - 3x – 10 = 0 Upon reaching this step, we

can solve quadratic equation
by factoring.

(x + 2)(x - 5) = 0 Factor the left-hand side of

the equation.

x + 2 = 0 or x–5=0 Apply the zero-product

property by setting each
factor to zero and solve for
the values of x.
x = -2 or x=5

However, only x = 5 belongs to the domain specified earlier. We call

x = -2 as an extraneous solution (without going through the checking part
when x = -2.)

x 1 8
To check if x = 5 is solution of - = x2 - 4
.
x+2 x-2

x 1 8
- = x2 - 4
x+2 x-2
5 1 8 Replace all x’s by 5 and simplify.
- =
5+2 5-2 (5)2 -4
5 1 8
7
- 3
= 21
15 7 8 Subtract the left-hand side of the
− =
21 21 21 equation using the LCD which is 21.

8 8 After simplifying the left-hand side of

= (True statement)
21 21
the equation, it is equal to the right-
hand side of the equation.

x 1 8
Hence, x = 5 is a solution of
x+2
- x-2
= x2 - 4
.

4x - 6 7
Example 4: Solve for x: =
2x - 3 x+1

Solution:
Set each denominator to zero to determine the values that must be excluded
in the domain.
2x – 3 = 0 and x+1=0
2x = 3 x = -1
3
x=
2
3
The values that will make the denominators zero are -1 and that must
2
be excluded in the domain.
3
Therefore the domain of the equation is { x / x ≠ -1, }
2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Having assumed that the solutions should be elements of this domain,
we can multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD which is (2x – 3) (x +
1) or, since the given equation is in proportion form. Hence, the product of the
extremes 4x – 6 and x + 1 is equal to the product of the means 2x – 3 and 7.

4x - 6 7
=
2x - 3 x+1

(4x – 6)(x +1) = (7)(2x - 3) Either by multiplying both sides

by the LCD which is (2x-3)(x+1) or
by getting the product of the
extremes equal to the product of
the means, you will arrive to this
equation after simplifying.

4x2 - 6x + 4x – 6 = 14x - 21 Simplify the left-hand side of the

equation by combining similar
terms -6x and 4x which is equal
to -2x

4x2 – 2x – 6 + (-14x) + 21= 14x + (-14x) – 21+ Set the equation to zero by adding
-14x and 21 to both sides of the
21 equation and simplify by
combining similar terms (-2x and
-14x which is equal to -16x) and
(-6 and 21 which is equal to 15)

4x2 - 16x + 15 = 0 Upon reaching this step, we can

solve quadratic equation by
factoring.

(2x – 5)(2x - 3) = 0 Factor the left-hand side of the

equation.

2x – 5 = 0 or 2x – 3 = 0 Apply the zero-product property

by setting each factor to zero and
solve for the values of x.
5 3
x= or x=
2 2

5
However, only x = belongs to the domain specified earlier. We call
2
3
x = as an extraneous solution (without going through the checking part
2
3
when x = )
2

19

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 5 4x-6 7
To check if x = is solution of = .
2 2x-3 x+1

4x - 6 7
=
2x - 3 x+1

5 5
4(2)-6 7 Replace all x’s by and simplify.
5 = 5 2
2(2)-3 (2)+1
10 - 6 7
= 5+2
5-3
2

2 = 2 (True statement) After simplifying both sides of

the equation, the left-hand side
is equal to the right-hand side
of the equation.

5 4x - 6 7
Hence, x = is the only root of the given equation = .
2 2x - 3 x+1

What’s More
Find the solution(s) to the following rational equations.
1 2 18 2x 6
1. = 6. = -
x 3x - 1 x2 - 3x x - 3 x

x-2 1 3x 6 12
2. = 7. + +4 =
2x + 4 5 x+2 x x2 + 2x

1 1 2 1 4 3
3. + = 8. + =
x 2x 3 x-2 x+9 x2 + 7x - 18

x+3 x 4 3 1 2
4. − = 9. - =
2 4 3 5x2 5 25x2

3 2 1 9 2
5. - = 10. =
x+1 x-1 x2 - 1 x+1 x2 - 1

20

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What I Have Learned
Fill in the blank. Write the statement/s or expression/s that will
complete sentence.

1. In finding the LCD of any fractions, we get the ____________of the

denominators.

2. The LCD of 2 and 5 is _________________.

3. A ____________________ is an equation involving rational expressions.

2 4
4. The LCM of the give rational equation = is ___________________.
2𝑥 𝑥2

3 4
5. If = , the value of x = ___________.
𝑥−1 𝑥+2

What I Can Do

Solve the following rational equation and show your complete

solution. Write your answers on a clean sheet of paper.

2w + 5 8 3 4 2 5 7 1
1. = 2. + = 3. 2 = +
5 15 x+2 x-2 x2 - 4 6x 2x 3x2

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answer.

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

21

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Assessment
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the exact answer.

3 2 17
1. Find the value of x in the equation - =
x-2 x x-2
1 1
A. - B. -2 C. D. 4
2 4

7 4 5 2
2. Solve for x: + 2= - 2
3x 6x 8x 3x
32 41 32 41
A. - B. − C. D.
41 32 41 32

5 10
3. Solve for x: =7-
x-2 x+2
6 6
A. and 3 C. - and -3
7 7
6 6
B. - and 3 D. and -3
7 7

4. What is the least common denominator of the given equation

3 4 6
+ 2 = ?
x+2 x + 4x + 4 x+2

A. (x+2)(x+4) C. x2 +4
B. (x+2)(x+2) D. (x+2)(x+2)(x+2)

5. What is the least common denominator of the given equation

1 1 6
+ 2 = ?
x-2 x - 7x + 10 x-2

A. (x-2)(x+5) C. (x-2)(x-5)
B. (x-7)(x-3) D. x 2 − 7x + 10

Additional Activities
Solve for x of the following.
3x + 1 x2 x-3 10x 5
1. =5 2. = 3. - =0
x-2 x-4 2x - 1 5 10x

22

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Lesson 4. Rational Inequality

What’s In
Find the zeroes or roots of the following quadratic inequalities.
1. x2 – 4x > –3 3. 2x2 < 9x + 5

2. x2 – x > 12 4. – x 2 + 4 < 0

Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is quadratic inequality?
2. How do we solve quadratic inequalities?
3. Do we have same process in solving rational inequality? Explain
your answer?

What’s New
Let’s remember that sometimes we need to solve inequalities like
these:
Symbol Words Example

> greater than 2x2 + x > 2

< less than 2x2 < 8
≥ greater than or equal to 3 ≥ x2
≤ less than or equal to 3x2 + 1 ≤ 5x

What is It
What you will learn here is all about solving rational inequality. Here
are some illustrative examples for your guide.

Rational Inequality
Definition An inequality involving rational expressions.

23

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Examples i.
1 2
- >
1
x 3x 5

3x 6 12
ii. + +4 ≤
x+2 x x2 +2x
1 4 3
iii. + ≥
x−2 x+9 x2 +7x−18

A rational inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the
inequality

Procedure for Solving Rational Inequalities

To solve rational inequalities:

1. Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side of the
inequality symbol and zero on the other side.
A. This step helps us apply the rule on the division of signs (for
any real number)

Assuming that the divisor is non-zero:

B. If the dividend and divisor are like in sign, the quotient is
positive.
C. If the dividend and divisor are unlike in sign, the quotient is
negative.
2. Determine over what intervals the fraction takes on positive and
negative values.
A. Locate the x values for which the rational expression is zero or
undefined (factoring the numerator and denominator is a useful
strategy).
B. Mark the numbers found in (2A) on a number line. Use a shaded
circle to indicate that the value is included in the solution set,
and a hollow circle.
3. By these markings, we divide the number line into intervals. Select
a test point within the interior of each interval in (2B).
4. The Sign of the rational expression at this test point is also the sign
of the rational expression at each interior point in the interval.
5. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.
Warning!

It is not valid to multiply both sides of an inequality by a variable or an expression. Recall that
 Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a positive number retains the direction of the
inequality, and
 Multiplying both sides of an inequality by a negative number reverses the direction of
the inequality.

Since the sign of a variable or an expression (containing a variable) is unknown, then it is not
valid to multiply both sides of an inequality by this expression.

24

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 2x
Example 1: Solve the inequality ≥1
x+1
Solution: (a) Rewrite the inequality as a single fraction on one side, and 0 on
the other side..
2x
-1 ≥ 0
x+1

2x - (x + 1)
≥0
x+1

x-1
≥0
x+1

(b) The value x = 1 is included in the solution since it makes the fraction
equal to zero, while x = -1 makes the fraction undefined. Mark these on a
number line. Use a shaded circle for x = 1 (a solution) and an unshaded
circle for x = -1 (not a solution).

(c) Choose convenient test point in the interval determined by -1 and 1 to

x-1
determine the sign of in these intervals. Construct a table of sign
x+1
as shown below.

Interval x < −1 -1 < x <1 X>1

Test point x = -2 x=0 x=2
x-1 - - +
x+1 - + +
x-1
+ - +
x+1

(d) Since we are looking for the intervals where the fraction is positive or
zero, we determine the solution intervals to be x < −1 and x ≥ 1. Plot
these intervals on the number line.

The solution set is { 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∣ 𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 x ≥ 1 }.

It can also be written using interval notation: (−∞, −1) ∪ [1, ∞).

25

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What’s More
Determine the solution set of the following inequalities.
3 3 x
1. x
>4 3.
5(x - 1)
≥0 5.
x+1
+ 1 ≤ -5

x+3 2x + 4
2. 2x - 1
<0 4.
x+1
≥0

What I Have Learned

Complete the sentence by filling up the appropriate expression/term/s
in the blank.
1. An inequality involving rational expression is called a
________________.
2. Solving rational inequality means finding the values of the
variable which will satisfy the ___________________.
3. Assuming that the divisor is non-zero:
A. If the dividend and divisor are like in sign, the quotient is
_________.
B. If the dividend and divisor are unlike in sign, the quotient is
_________.

What I Can Do

Solve the following inequalities.

8 4c + 1 9
1. 4x + 10
≤ 0 3.
3c - 2
+3 ≥ 4 5. y-5 < −
𝑦+5

b + 12 2x - 7
2. b-6
>0 4.
x+1
≤ -7

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answer.

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

26

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Assessment
Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

x+3
1. Find the solution of the rational inequality ≤ 0.
x-9
A. -3 ≤ x < 9 C. (-3,9)
B. -9 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 D. (-3,9]

9
2. Solve the inequality y – 5 < - .
y+5
A. ( -∞, -5) Ս (-4,4 ) C. ( -∞, -5) Ս (-4, ∞)
B. (5, ∞) Ս (-4,4 ) D. (-∞, -5) Ս (4, ∞)
3. Determine where the numerator and denominator are zeros for the
x+1
rational inequality ≤ 0.
x-5
A. 1 and 5 C. -1 and -5
B. 1 and -5 D. -1 and 5

x
4. Find the solution of the rational inequality > 0.
x-7
A. -1 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 C. (-1,5)
B. -5≤ 𝑥 < 1 D. (-1,5]

1
5. Solve the rational inequality + 10 >0 . Write the solution set in
x
interval notation.
A. (-∞, 10) B. (10, -∞) C. (-10, ∞) D. (10, ∞)

Additional Activities
Solve the following inequalities.
1 x-5 x2 - 1
1. >0 2. ≥0 3. >0
x+2 2x - 1 x2 - x - 2

27

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 References

Reference:
https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/preview?c=wbig3813&s=lrmbxi
https://www.wikihow.com/Find-the-Inverse-of-a-Function
https://www.analyzemath.com/OneToOneFunct/OneToOneFunct.html
https://www.mathwarehouse.com/algebra/relation/one-to-one-
function.php.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/x2f8bb11595b61c86:functio
ns/x2f8bb11595b61c86:inverse-functions-intro/a/intro-to-inverse-
functions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cf4rxWLShuU.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytechcollegealgebra/chapter/determi
nethe-domain-and-range-of-an-inverse-function/
https://web.ics.purdue.edu/~pdevlin/Traditional%20Class/Lesson%2028/
Domain%20and%20Range%20of%20an%20Inverse%20Function.pdf
https://www.classzone.com/eservices/home/pdf/student/LA207DBD.pdf
https://www.expii.com/t/radical-equations-word-problem-4583

28

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Development Team of the Module

Writers:
Chona F. Arenque (Malanday National High School)
Joel C. Hagos (Fortune High School)
Evelyn E. Seroy (Marikina High School)
Editors:
Joel C. Hagos (Fortune High School)
Annalyn C. Santos (Marikina Science High School-Head Teacher III)
Olive R. Lomibao, (Sta. Elena High School-Head Teacher III)
Ma. Victoria Ambas, (MSHS)
Internal Reviewer:
Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
External Validator:
Kervin Ray G. Torrente (Ateneo De Manila University-ABM Coordinator)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

29

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE