Assignment 1:
a) 192.168.1.0/24 borrows 2 bits
- Initial subnet mask: /24
- New subnet mask: /24 + 2 = /26
- Number of subnets: 22=42^2 = 422=4
- Number of hosts per subnet: 26−2=622^6 - 2 = 6226−2=62
(since 8 bits in the original host field, 6 remain after borrowing 2)
Subnets:
Increment = 64 (since 2 remaining bits can have 64 possible
combinations)
Subn Network Broadcast
First Host Last Host Subnet Mask
et Address Address
Subne 192.168.1. 192.168.1. 255.255.255.19
192.168.1.0 192.168.1.63
t0 1 62 2 (/26)
Subne 192.168.1. 192.168.1. 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.19
192.168.1.64
t1 65 126 7 2 (/26)
Subne 192.168.1.12 192.168.1. 192.168.1. 192.168.1.19 255.255.255.19
t2 8 129 190 1 2 (/26)
Subne 192.168.1.19 192.168.1. 192.168.1. 192.168.1.25 255.255.255.19
t3 2 193 254 5 2 (/26)
b) 172.16.0.0/16 borrows 2 bits
- Initial subnet mask: /16
- New subnet mask: /16 + 2 = /18
- Number of subnets: 22=42^2 = 422=4
- Number of hosts per subnet: 214−2=16,3822^{14} - 2 =
16,382214−2=16,382
Subnets:
Increment = 64 in the third octet (since 14 bits remain in the host portion)
Subn Network First Broadcast
Last Host Subnet Mask
et Address Host Address
Subne 172.16.0. 172.16.63.2 255.255.192.0
172.16.0.0 172.16.63.255
t0 1 54 (/18)
Subne 172.16.64 172.16.127. 172.16.127.25 255.255.192.0
172.16.64.0
t1 .1 254 5 (/18)
Subn Network First Broadcast
Last Host Subnet Mask
et Address Host Address
Subne 172.16.12 172.16.191. 172.16.191.25 255.255.192.0
172.16.128.0
t2 8.1 254 5 (/18)
Subne 172.16.19 172.16.255. 172.16.255.25 255.255.192.0
172.16.192.0
t3 2.1 254 5 (/18)
c) 192.168.2.0/24 borrows 5 bits
- Initial subnet mask: /24
- New subnet mask: /24 + 5 = /29
- Number of subnets: 25=322^5 = 3225=32
- Number of hosts per subnet: 23−2=62^3 - 2 = 623−2=6
Subnets:
Increment = 8 (since 3 remaining bits)
Subne Network Broadcast
First Host Last Host Subnet Mask
t Address Address
Subnet 192.168.2. 192.168.2. 255.255.255.2
192.168.2.0 192.168.2.7
0 1 6 48 (/29)
Subnet 192.168.2. 192.168.2. 255.255.255.2
192.168.2.8 192.168.2.15
1 9 14 48 (/29)
Subnet 192.168.2.1 192.168.2. 192.168.2. 255.255.255.2
192.168.2.23
2 6 17 22 48 (/29)
... ... ... ... ... ...
Subnet 192.168.2.2 192.168.2. 192.168.2. 192.168.2.25 255.255.255.2
31 48 249 254 5 48 (/29)
d) 192.168.12.0/24 borrows 3 bits
- Initial subnet mask: /24
- New subnet mask: /24 + 3 = /27
- Number of subnets: 23=82^3 = 823=8
- Number of hosts per subnet: 25−2=302^5 - 2 = 3025−2=30
Subnets:
Increment = 32 (since 5 bits remain)
Subn Network Broadcast
First Host Last Host Subnet Mask
et Address Address
Subne 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12.3 255.255.255.2
Subn Network Broadcast
First Host Last Host Subnet Mask
et Address Address
t0 0 1 30 1 24 (/27)
Subne 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12.6 255.255.255.2
t1 32 33 62 3 24 (/27)
Subne 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12.9 255.255.255.2
t2 64 65 94 5 24 (/27)
... ... ... ... ... ...
Subne 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12. 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.2
t7 224 225 254 55 24 (/27)
e) 172.16.2.0/24 borrows 2 bits
- Initial subnet mask: /24
- New subnet mask: /24 + 2 = /26
- Number of subnets: 22=42^2 = 422=4
- Number of hosts per subnet: 26−2=622^6 - 2 = 6226−2=62
Subnets:
Increment = 64 (since 6 bits remain)
Subne Network First Broadcast
Last Host Subnet Mask
t Address Host Address
Subnet 172.16.2. 172.16.2. 255.255.255.19
172.16.2.0 172.16.2.63
0 1 62 2 (/26)
Subnet 172.16.2. 172.16.2. 255.255.255.19
172.16.2.64 172.16.2.127
1 65 126 2 (/26)
Subnet 172.16.2. 172.16.2. 255.255.255.19
172.16.2.128 172.16.2.191
2 129 190 2 (/26)
Subnet 172.16.2. 172.16.2. 255.255.255.19
172.16.2.192 172.16.2.255
3 193 254 2 (/26)
Assignment 2:
The prefix /28 means that the first 28 bits are used for the network
portion, and the remaining 4 bits are for the hosts. The corresponding
subnet mask for /28 is:
255.255.255.240
This mask can also be written in binary as:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
- Find the range of possible subnets
The network address space for 192.168.1.0/24 is split into smaller subnets
based on the /28 prefix. Each /28 subnet has 16 IP addresses (14 usable
for hosts, excluding network and broadcast addresses), calculated as
24=162^4 = 1624=16.
To find the subnets, determine the increments between them:
Subnet increment: 16 (since 256−240=16256 - 240 =
16256−240=16, where 256 is the total number of addresses in an
octet and 240 is the subnet mask value).
So, the subnets start at every multiple of 16:
Subnet 0: 192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.15
Subnet 1: 192.168.1.16 - 192.168.1.31
Subnet 2: 192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.47
Subnet 3: 192.168.1.48 - 192.168.1.63
Subnet 4: 192.168.1.64 - 192.168.1.79
Subnet 5: 192.168.1.80 - 192.168.1.95
Subnet 6: 192.168.1.96 - 192.168.1.111
Subnet 7: 192.168.1.112 - 192.168.1.127
Subnet 8: 192.168.1.128 - 192.168.1.143
Subnet 9: 192.168.1.144 - 192.168.1.159
Subnet 10: 192.168.1.160 - 192.168.1.175
... (continues)
- Determine the subnet of the given IP
The given IP is 192.168.1.158. This falls between 192.168.1.144 and
192.168.1.159, which means it belongs to Subnet 9.
- Subnet details
For Subnet 9:
Network address: 192.168.1.144
First host address: 192.168.1.145
Last host address: 192.168.1.158
Broadcast address: 192.168.1.159
Assignment 3:
Calculate the maximum number of maximum allowed host
addresses:
- With /24: there are 2^8 = 256 IP addresses in a subnet.
- Subtract the network address (192.168.1.0) and the broadcast
address: there are 254 addresses left that can be provided to hosts.
Divide the IP addresses into each segment:
- Segment 1 (25 hosts): We can detect from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.25.
- Segment 2 (20 hosts): Starting from the next address of the
previous segment, i.e. 192.168.1.26 to 192.168.1.45.
- Segment 3 (10 hosts): from 192.168.1.46 to 192.168.1.55.
With the above additional IP address division, we have ensured that
each network segment has enough IP addresses to serve the required
number of computers, along with the network rule 192.168 .1.0/24.
Assignment 4:
1. Calculating the Required IP Addresses
o Subnet 1: 100 computers
Total IPs needed: 100 + 2 (1 for network, 1 for broadcast) = 102
Required subnet: /25 (128 addresses, 126 usable)
o Subnet 2: 50 computers
Total IPs needed: 50 + 2 = 52
Required subnet: /26 (64 addresses, 62 usable)
o Subnet 3: 20 computers
Total IPs needed: 20 + 2 = 22
Required subnet: /27 (32 addresses, 30 usable)
2. IP Address Allocation
o Subnet 1 (100 computers): 192.168.1.0/25
Usable IPs: from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.126
Network address: 192.168.1.0
Broadcast address: 192.168.1.127
o Subnet 2 (50 computers): 192.168.1.128/26
Usable IPs: from 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190
Network address: 192.168.1.128
Broadcast address: 192.168.1.191
o Subnet 3 (20 computers): 192.168.1.192/27
Usable IPs: from 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.222
Network address: 192.168.1.192
Broadcast address: 192.168.1.223
This allocation ensures that all requirements for the number of computers
in each subnet are met.
Assignment 5
Subnet the network 172.16.5.0/24 based on the specified
requirements. Here's how to approach this:
- Subnet Requirements:
1. Subnet A: 192.168.1.0/25 for 100 hosts.
2. Subnet B: 192.168.1.128/26 for 50 hosts.
3. Subnet C: 192.168.1.192/27 for 20 hosts.
Link networks: 192.168.1.224/30 and 192.168.1.228/30 for point-to-
point connections.
ACalculating Subnets and Assigning IPs:
Subnet A: (/25):
1. Network: 192.168.1.0
2. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128
3. Range: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.126
4. Broadcast: 192.168.1.127
Subnet B (/26):
1. Network: 192.168.1.128
2. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
3. Range: 192.168.1.129 - 192.168.1.190
4. Broadcast: 192.168.1.191
Subnet C (/27):
1. Network: 192.168.1.192
2. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
3. Range: 192.168.1.193 - 192.168.1.222
4. Broadcast: 192.168.1.223
1. Point-to-Point Links (/30):
Link 1 (/30):
Network: 192.168.1.224
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252
Range: 192.168.1.225 - 192.168.1.226
Broadcast: 192.168.1.227
Link 2 (/30):
Network: 192.168.1.228
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252
Range: 192.168.1.229 - 192.168.1.230
Broadcast: 192.168.1.231
